| --- |
| license: cc-by-4.0 |
| pretty_name: "tbg-kit: synthetic ownership network of Thai-style business groups" |
| language: [en, th] |
| size_categories: [10K<n<100K] |
| task_categories: [graph-ml, tabular-classification] |
| tags: [business-groups, ultimate-ownership, pyramids, corporate-governance, ownership-network, thailand, synthetic] |
| configs: |
| - config_name: ultimate_owners |
| data_files: results/ultimate_owners.csv |
| default: true |
| - config_name: entities |
| data_files: data/processed/entities.csv |
| - config_name: holdings |
| data_files: data/processed/holdings.csv |
| - config_name: board_seats |
| data_files: data/processed/board_seats.csv |
| - config_name: groups |
| data_files: results/groups.csv |
| - config_name: group_members |
| data_files: results/group_members.csv |
| - config_name: fi_nexus |
| data_files: results/fi_nexus.csv |
| --- |
| |
| # tbg-kit: synthetic ownership network of Thai-style business groups |
|
|
| > **Synthetic data.** Every company, person, ticker and number here is fictional, generated by |
| > [`tbg-kit`](https://github.com/thanatchon36/tbg-kit) (`python -m tbg synth`, seed 42). It mimics the structure of |
| > Thai public disclosures so the pipeline can be tested and taught; it says nothing about real Thai firms or people. |
| > Any resemblance of a generated name to a real person or company is coincidental. |
|
|
| Companion dataset to the software [tbg-kit](https://github.com/thanatchon36/tbg-kit) and the working paper |
| *Mapping Thailand's Business Groups: Ownership, Control, and the Finance-Business Nexus* (Thanatchon Chongmankhong). |
| It contains one complete run of the pipeline on the synthetic world: the raw inputs as extraction leaves them, the |
| resolved ownership network, and the analysis (ultimate owners, business groups, pyramids, bank–group links). |
| Explore the same network online: <https://thanatchon36.github.io/tbg-kit/explorer.html>. |
|
|
| ## Summary |
|
|
| - 12,063 entities: 527 listed firms, 7,244 companies, 3,485 persons in 2,783 families, 782 foreign companies |
| - 13,267 ownership edges and 3,019 board seats |
| - 421 multi-firm business groups, 46 with several listed firms |
| - At the 20% threshold, 63% of listed firms are family-controlled, 17% widely held, 4% state, 12% unresolved |
|
|
| ## Files |
|
|
| | Path | Rows | Content | |
| |---|---:|---| |
| | `data/raw/universe/listed_companies.csv` | 527 | Listed companies (SET + mai style universe) | |
| | `data/raw/shareholders/top10.csv` | 5,158 | Top-10 shareholder registers | |
| | `data/raw/subsidiaries/extracted.csv` | 9,419 | Subsidiary tables as extracted from One Reports | |
| | `data/raw/directors/directors.csv` | 3,026 | Board members | |
| | `data/raw/dbd/boj5.csv` | 171 | BOJ.5 shareholder lists of private holding companies | |
| | `data/raw/fi/fi_licenses.csv` | 58 | Financial-institution licences | |
| | `data/raw/gleif/th_entities.csv` | 58 | GLEIF legal entities | |
| | `data/raw/gleif/relationships.csv` | 42 | GLEIF parent relationships | |
| | `data/manual/seeds.yaml` | | Group labels (labels only) | |
| | `data/processed/entities.csv` | 12,063 | Resolved entities: companies, persons, families, funds | |
| | `data/processed/holdings.csv` | 13,267 | Ownership edges after entity resolution | |
| | `data/processed/board_seats.csv` | 3,019 | Person–company board seats | |
| | `data/processed/parent_links.csv` | 42 | Financial-group and GLEIF parent links | |
| | `data/processed/person_family.csv` | 3,485 | Person → family assignment | |
| | `results/ultimate_owners.csv` | 25,548 | Ultimate owner, control and cash-flow rights per firm and threshold | |
| | `results/control_pairs.csv` | 40,204 | All owner–firm pairs with control and cash-flow rights | |
| | `results/groups.csv` | 544 | Business groups with size, depth, wedge, market value | |
| | `results/group_members.csv` | 8,852 | Group membership of every entity | |
| | `results/group_ties.csv` | 3,603 | Shared directors and cross-ownership between groups | |
| | `results/fi_nexus.csv` | 766 | Bank group ↔ business group links | |
| | `results/cycles.csv` | 3 | Cross-holding cycles | |
| | `results/robustness.csv` | 27 | Results under alternative thresholds and settings | |
| | `results/summary.json` | | Headline numbers used in the paper | |
|
|
| ## Load |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| uo = load_dataset("thanatchon36/tbg-kit", "ultimate_owners", split="train") |
| holdings = load_dataset("thanatchon36/tbg-kit", "holdings", split="train") |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## Key definitions |
|
|
| - `holdings.pct`: direct ownership of `owner` in `owned`, in percent. Edges come from SET top-10 registers, One Report |
| subsidiary tables, DBD BOJ.5 lists, Pillar 3 reports and manual input (`source`). |
| - `ultimate_owners`: per firm and control threshold (10%, 20%, 50%), the ultimate owner `uo_id`, control rights `cr` |
| (block-wise weakest link), cash-flow rights `cf` (M(I−M)⁻¹), `wedge = cr − cf`, chain `depth` and pyramid flags. |
| - `groups` / `group_members`: business groups around each ultimate owner at the 20% threshold. |
| - `fi_nexus`: links between bank groups and business groups through ownership, shared directors and fund holdings. |
|
|
| ## Reproduce |
|
|
| ```bash |
| git clone https://github.com/thanatchon36/tbg-kit && cd tbg-kit |
| make setup && make hf # writes this folder to dist/hf/ |
| ``` |
|
|
| `SHA256SUMS` lists the checksum of every file. |
|
|
| ## License and citation |
|
|
| Data: CC BY 4.0. Software: MIT. Cite the software with its |
| [`CITATION.cff`](https://github.com/thanatchon36/tbg-kit/blob/main/CITATION.cff) (DOI on Zenodo). |
|
|
