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---
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- dense
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:346930
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: U card
sentences:
- region
- clique
- tokens
- source_sentence: branch
sentences:
- block Half
- bool Code
- schedule
- source_sentence: pair le
sentences:
- trans E
- endpoint
- selected
- source_sentence: loop Trace
sentences:
- blocks
- potential
- Is Blowup
- source_sentence: hit weight
sentences:
- machine
- config
- append
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy@1
- cosine_accuracy@3
- cosine_accuracy@5
- cosine_accuracy@10
- cosine_precision@1
- cosine_precision@3
- cosine_precision@5
- cosine_precision@10
- cosine_recall@1
- cosine_recall@3
- cosine_recall@5
- cosine_recall@10
- cosine_ndcg@10
- cosine_mrr@10
- cosine_map@100
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer
results:
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: val ir
type: val_ir
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.2305
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.3385
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.386
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.426
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.2305
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.11283333333333331
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.07719999999999999
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.0426
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.2305
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.3385
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.386
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.426
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.3258681126672316
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.2940464285714284
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.3016717487640095
name: Cosine Map@100
---
# SentenceTransformer
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model trained. It maps inputs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, classification, clustering, and more.
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
<!-- - **Base model:** [Unknown](https://huggingface.co/unknown) -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 1000000000000000019884624838656 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
- **Supported Modalities:** Text, Image, Audio, Video, Message
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/huggingface/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'transformer_task': 'feature-extraction', 'modality_config': {'text': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state'}, 'image': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state'}, 'audio': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state'}, 'video': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state'}, 'message': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state', 'format': 'structured'}}, 'module_output_name': 'token_embeddings', 'architecture': 'EmbeddingGemma2Model'})
(1): Pooling({'embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode': 'mean', 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize({'module_input_name': 'sentence_embedding', 'module_output_name': 'sentence_embedding'})
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
queries = [
'resolution Cokernel Map comp',
]
documents = [
'resolution Cokernel Map',
'potential Of',
'canonical exposure supported',
]
query_embeddings = model.encode_query(queries)
document_embeddings = model.encode_document(documents)
print(query_embeddings.shape, document_embeddings.shape)
# [1, 768] [3, 768]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(query_embeddings, document_embeddings)
print(similarities)
# tensor([[0.8557, 0.3572, 0.2455]])
```
<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)
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</details>
-->
<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)
You can finetune this model on your own dataset.
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
</details>
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<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use
*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
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## Evaluation
### Metrics
#### Information Retrieval
* Dataset: `val_ir`
* Evaluated with [<code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.sentence_transformer.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.2305 |
| cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.3385 |
| cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.386 |
| cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.426 |
| cosine_precision@1 | 0.2305 |
| cosine_precision@3 | 0.1128 |
| cosine_precision@5 | 0.0772 |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.0426 |
| cosine_recall@1 | 0.2305 |
| cosine_recall@3 | 0.3385 |
| cosine_recall@5 | 0.386 |
| cosine_recall@10 | 0.426 |
| **cosine_ndcg@10** | **0.3259** |
| cosine_mrr@10 | 0.294 |
| cosine_map@100 | 0.3017 |
<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations
*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
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### Recommendations
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## Training Details
### Training Dataset
#### Unnamed Dataset
* Size: 346,930 training samples
* Columns: <code>anchor</code> and <code>positive</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 100 samples:
| | anchor | positive |
|:---------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string |
| modality | text | text |
| details | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 6.48 tokens</li><li>max: 11 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 5.38 tokens</li><li>max: 11 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| anchor | positive |
|:-----------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------|
| <code>resolution Cokernel Map comp</code> | <code>resolution Cokernel Map</code> |
| <code>potential Of continuous</code> | <code>potential Of</code> |
| <code>sum fully exposed code success probability le</code> | <code>canonical exposure supported</code> |
* Loss: [<code>MultipleNegativesRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#multiplenegativesrankingloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"scale": 20.0,
"similarity_fct": "cos_sim",
"gather_across_devices": false,
"directions": [
"query_to_doc"
],
"partition_mode": "joint",
"hardness_mode": null,
"hardness_strength": 0.0
}
```
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 256
- `num_train_epochs`: 2
- `warmup_steps`: 200
- `bf16`: True
#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 256
- `num_train_epochs`: 2
- `max_steps`: -1
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: None
- `warmup_steps`: 200
- `optim`: adamw_torch_fused
- `optim_args`: None
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: True
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `bf16`: True
- `fp16`: False
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `liger_kernel_config`: None
- `use_cache`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: no
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `project`: huggingface
- `trackio_space_id`: None
- `trackio_bucket_id`: None
- `trackio_static_space_id`: None
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 8
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `enable_jit_checkpoint`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `hub_revision`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `use_cpu`: False
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `parallelism_config`: None
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `dataloader_multiprocessing_context`: None
- `dataloader_in_order`: True
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `train_sampling_strategy`: random
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `ddp_static_graph`: None
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `fsdp`: None
- `fsdp_config`: None
- `deepspeed`: None
- `debug`: []
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `do_predict`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `local_rank`: -1
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
- `router_mapping`: {}
- `learning_rate_mapping`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: None
</details>
### Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | Training Loss | val_ir_cosine_ndcg@10 |
|:------:|:----:|:-------------:|:---------------------:|
| 0.0737 | 100 | 3.5315 | - |
| 0.1475 | 200 | 2.8227 | - |
| 0.2212 | 300 | 2.6758 | - |
| 0.2950 | 400 | 2.5389 | - |
| 0.3687 | 500 | 2.4665 | - |
| 0.4425 | 600 | 2.3844 | - |
| 0.5162 | 700 | 2.3230 | - |
| 0.5900 | 800 | 2.2864 | - |
| 0.6637 | 900 | 2.2415 | - |
| 0.7375 | 1000 | 2.1594 | 0.3263 |
| 0.8112 | 1100 | 2.1646 | - |
| 0.8850 | 1200 | 2.1441 | - |
| 0.9587 | 1300 | 2.1340 | - |
| 1.0324 | 1400 | 1.9848 | - |
| 1.1062 | 1500 | 1.8459 | - |
| 1.1799 | 1600 | 1.8273 | - |
| 1.2537 | 1700 | 1.8094 | - |
| 1.3274 | 1800 | 1.7973 | - |
| 1.4012 | 1900 | 1.8163 | - |
| 1.4749 | 2000 | 1.7998 | 0.3268 |
| 1.5487 | 2100 | 1.8070 | - |
| 1.6224 | 2200 | 1.8098 | - |
| 1.6962 | 2300 | 1.7844 | - |
| 1.7699 | 2400 | 1.7933 | - |
| 1.8437 | 2500 | 1.7804 | - |
| 1.9174 | 2600 | 1.7810 | - |
| 1.9912 | 2700 | 1.7693 | - |
| 2.0 | 2712 | - | 0.3259 |
### Training Time
- **Training**: 43.3 minutes
- **Evaluation**: 2.0 minutes
- **Total**: 45.3 minutes
### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.13.2
- Sentence Transformers: 6.1.0
- Transformers: 5.19.0
- PyTorch: 2.11.0+cu128
- Accelerate: 1.15.0
- Datasets: 5.1.0
- Tokenizers: 0.23.3
## Additional Resources
- [Training and Finetuning Embedding Models with Sentence Transformers](https://huggingface.co/blog/train-sentence-transformers): the end-to-end guide for training or finetuning Sentence Transformer models.
- [Introduction to Matryoshka Embedding Models](https://huggingface.co/blog/matryoshka): variable-size embeddings that can be truncated with minimal quality loss.
- [Binary and Scalar Embedding Quantization for Significantly Faster & Cheaper Retrieval](https://huggingface.co/blog/embedding-quantization): post-training compression of embedding vectors.
- [Multimodal Embedding & Reranker Models with Sentence Transformers](https://huggingface.co/blog/multimodal-sentence-transformers): use text, image, audio, and video models through the same API.
- [Training and Finetuning Multimodal Embedding & Reranker Models with Sentence Transformers](https://huggingface.co/blog/train-multimodal-sentence-transformers): train multimodal embedding models, with a Visual Document Retrieval walkthrough.
## Citation
### BibTeX
#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```
#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{oord2019representationlearningcontrastivepredictive,
title={Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Coding},
author={Aaron van den Oord and Yazhe Li and Oriol Vinyals},
year={2019},
eprint={1807.03748},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.LG},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.03748},
}
```
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