| |
| """ |
| CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Cereals Module (धान, गेहूं, मक्का) |
| Covers all historical and current diseases, pests, insects, and deficiencies |
| for Rice/Paddy, Wheat, and Maize in Chhattisgarh and India. |
| """ |
|
|
| from typing import Dict, Any |
|
|
| CEREALS_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = { |
| |
| |
| |
| "Rice___Blast": { |
| "name": "Rice Blast / Leaf & Neck Blast (धान का झुलसा/गर्दन तोड़)", |
| "scientific_name": "Magnaporthe oryzae", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "August to October (Kharif); Temp 24-28°C, Relative Humidity > 85%, long dew duration", |
| "economic_injury_level": "2-5% leaf area infected or 1-2 neck lesions per m²", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Spindle-shaped elliptical lesions with greyish-white center and dark reddish-brown margins on leaves", |
| "Blackish-brown necrosis at neck node causing panicle to snap and drop grains (Neck Blast / गर्दन तोड़)", |
| "Node blast causing culms to lodge and break at lower joints", |
| "Severe blight burning entire fields in Surguja, Dhamtari, Raipur and Balod belts" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Drain standing water from field for 2-3 days and suspend top-dressing of urea/nitrogen immediately", |
| "Ensure field bunds and alleys are cleared to maximize cross-canopy airflow and reduce humidity" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Spray Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2.5g/L (40g per 16L tank) or Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L (80g per 16L tank)", |
| "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or cold-pressed Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Foliar spray of fresh cow urine solution (1 liter gomutra + 10 liters water + 50g asafoetida)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Tricyclazole 75% WP (Baan) @ 0.6g/L water (10g per 16L tank; 120g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC (Amistar Top) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)", |
| "Or Isoprothiolane 40% EC (Fuji-One) @ 1.5ml/L water (25ml per 16L tank; 300ml/acre)", |
| "Or Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 2ml/L water (30ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Seed treatment with Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seed or Trichoderma viride @ 10g/kg seed", |
| "Avoid late transplanting and excessive split doses of urea beyond 100 kg/ha", |
| "Grow blast-resistant varieties: Pusa 1509, Pusa 1847, IR-64 Drt, Swarna-Sub1, MTU-1010" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Rice___Bacterial_Leaf_Blight": { |
| "name": "Bacterial Leaf Blight / BLB (जीवाणु झुलसा रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Bacterial", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "August to September during peak monsoon; Temp 25-30°C, RH > 90%, strong winds and rainstorms", |
| "economic_injury_level": "More than 5% leaves showing tip drying", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Water-soaked yellowish-green translucent lesions starting from leaf margins and moving downwards in wavy patterns", |
| "Milky bacterial ooze beads on leaf surface early morning, drying into yellow crusty beads", |
| "Leaves turn straw-yellow, curl, wither, and die (Kresek / Wilting stage in young crops)", |
| "Partial or complete drying of flag leaves causing chaffy panicles" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Drain excess flood water immediately; do not irrigate from infected fields to healthy plots", |
| "Stop all nitrogenous chemical fertilizers (urea/DAP) completely until new green tillers emerge" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Spray fresh cow dung supernatant (20 kg fresh cow dung stirred in 200L water, filtered through muslin cloth)", |
| "Apply Bacillus subtilis bio-formulation @ 3g/L (50g per 16L tank)", |
| "Foliar spray of fermented sour buttermilk (खट्टी छाछ) @ 50ml/L (800ml per 16L tank)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Streptocycline 6g + Copper Oxychloride 50% WP 500g in 200L water per acre (0.5g Streptocycline + 40g COC per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Plantomycin 1g/L + Copper Hydroxide 77% WP (Kocide) 2g/L (30g per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Kasugamycin 3% SL @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Hot water seed treatment at 52-54°C for 10 minutes or Streptocycline soak (1g in 10L water for 8 hours)", |
| "Apply split dosage of Potassium (MOP @ 25 kg/acre) to strengthen cell walls", |
| "Plant BLB-resistant varieties: Improved Samba Masoori, Pusa Basmati 1847, Pusa 1885" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Rice___Sheath_Blight": { |
| "name": "Rice Sheath Blight (तनावृंत झुलसा / शीथ ब्लाइट)", |
| "scientific_name": "Rhizoctonia solani", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "August to October in dense tillering crop; Temp 28-32°C, RH 90-100%, high soil moisture", |
| "economic_injury_level": "5% infected tillers at tillering to panicle initiation stage", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Oval or irregular greenish-grey water-soaked snake-skin spots on leaf sheaths near water line", |
| "Lesions enlarge with greyish-white center and defined dark reddish-brown margins", |
| "Mustard-seed-like dark brown sclerotial bodies visible on infected sheaths", |
| "Culm lodging and premature drying of upper canopy in heavy stands" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Create alleyways (skip one row every 2-3 meters) to allow direct sunlight penetration into lower canopy", |
| "Lower standing water depth to 2 cm and avoid excessive stagnant flooding" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Foliar spray of Trichoderma harzianum @ 5g/L (80g per 16L tank) targeting bottom leaf sheaths", |
| "Apply enriched neem cake @ 100 kg/acre to soil to decompose overwintering sclerotia", |
| "Spray Dashparni Ark @ 50ml/L (800ml per 16L tank)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Validamycin 3% L (Sheathmar) @ 2.5ml/L water (40ml per 16L tank; 500ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)", |
| "Or Thifluzamide 24% SC (Pulsor) @ 0.75ml/L water (12ml per 16L tank; 150ml/acre)", |
| "Or Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC (Custodia) @ 1.5ml/L water (25ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Deep summer ploughing to bury sclerotial bodies and remove volunteer weeds", |
| "Optimum plant spacing (20 x 15 cm) and avoid planting more than 2-3 seedlings per hill", |
| "Apply balanced nitrogen:phosphorus:potash (N:P:K 100:50:50 kg/ha)" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Rice___Brown_Spot": { |
| "name": "Brown Spot / Sesame Leaf Spot (भूरा धब्बा रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Bipolaris oryzae (Cochliobolus miyabeanus)", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "August to November; light rain, cloudy sky, dry spells in rainfed nutrient-poor soils", |
| "economic_injury_level": "2-3 brown spots per leaf on flag leaf or top 3 leaves", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Circular to oval sesame-seed-sized dark brown spots with yellowish halo on leaves and glumes", |
| "Spots coalesce covering entire leaf blades causing premature drying and scorched appearance", |
| "Dark brown or black discolouration on grains causing poor milling recovery and pecky rice", |
| "Associated with nutrient-starved, zinc/silicon deficient soils (Bengal Famine 1943 pathogen)" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Top-dress Potash (MOP @ 15 kg/acre) and Zinc Sulphate to restore plant nutritional vigor", |
| "Provide life-saving irrigation to relieve water stress in rainfed plots" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Spray bio-control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5g/L (80g per 16L tank)", |
| "Apply fermented Jeevamrut foliar spray (20L Jeevamrut in 200L water per acre)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Mancozeb 75% WP (Dithane M-45) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400-500g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)", |
| "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1.5ml/L water (25ml per 16L tank; 300ml/acre)", |
| "Or Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Seed treatment with Thiram 75% WP @ 2.5g/kg or Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seed", |
| "Apply FYM/compost @ 5 tonnes/ha with balanced zinc and silicon fertilization", |
| "Grow resistant varieties: MTU-1001, IR-36, Rajeshwari, Danteshwari" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Rice___False_Smut": { |
| "name": "False Smut / Green Smut / Haldi Rog (हल्दी रोग / झूठा कंडुवा)", |
| "scientific_name": "Ustilaginoidea virens", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "September to November at heading/flowering; Temp 25-30°C, RH > 90%, cloudy overcast days", |
| "economic_injury_level": "1-2 infected smut balls per panicle", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Individual rice grains transformed into large velvety greenish-yellow spore masses (smut balls)", |
| "Spore balls burst open turning golden-yellow and finally dark olive-green to black", |
| "Release of yellow chlamydospore dust that stains adjacent healthy grains", |
| "Severe yield and quality loss in hybrid and high-yielding rice varieties in Surguja and Bilaspur" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Manually collect infected smut balls inside polythene bags and burn them outside field", |
| "Avoid spraying during peak noon hours when spores become airborne" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Spray Copper Soap / Bordeaux mixture 1% at boot leaf stage", |
| "Apply Panchagavya @ 30ml/L (500ml per 16L tank) before flowering" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "First preventive spray at boot leaf stage: Copper Hydroxide 77% WP (Kocide) @ 2g/L (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre)", |
| "Or Trifloxystrobin 25% + Tebuconazole 50% WG (Nativo) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Hot water seed treatment at 52°C for 10 minutes", |
| "Avoid high doses of nitrogenous fertilizers at panicle initiation stage", |
| "Early sowing to escape humid late-October spore dispersion windows" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Rice___Khaira_Disease": { |
| "name": "Khaira Disease / Zinc Deficiency (खैरा रोग - जस्ता की कमी)", |
| "scientific_name": "Zinc (Zn) Micronutrient Deficiency", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Deficiency", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "July to August (2 to 3 weeks after transplanting in waterlogged or alkaline soils)", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Yellowing/rusty pigmentation on > 10% of young hills", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Chlorosis at the base of young leaves followed by reddish-brown rusty spots coalescing over the blade", |
| "Stunted plant growth, reduced tillering, and roots turn dark brown with brittle root tips", |
| "Irregular patches of stunted rusty vegetation across the field with delayed maturity", |
| "Discovered by Dr. Y.L. Nene; highly prevalent in alkaline, calcareous and continuously submerged soils" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Drain the field for 2-3 days to aerate the root zone and promote aerobic nutrient uptake", |
| "Do not apply phosphatic fertilizers (DAP/SSP) immediately as phosphorus locks up zinc availability" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Incorporate well-decomposed FYM or vermicompost enriched with Zinc solubilizing bacteria (ZSB @ 2 kg/acre)", |
| "Foliar spray of fermented neem-leaves and cow urine extract" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Foliar spray: Zinc Sulphate 21% @ 5g/L + Slaked Lime (चूना) @ 2.5g/L in water (80g Zinc Sulphate + 40g Lime per 16L tank; 1 kg Zinc + 500g Lime per acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Chelated Zinc (Zn-EDTA 12%) @ 1g/L water (16g per 16L tank; 200g/acre)", |
| "Repeat foliar spray after 10-12 days if new leaves still show bronze/rusty discoloration" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Basal soil application of Zinc Sulphate 33% @ 10 kg/acre or Zinc Sulphate 21% @ 20 kg/acre during final puddling", |
| "Green manuring with Dhaincha (Sesbania) or Sunhemp to lower soil pH and enhance micronutrient availability", |
| "Adopt alternate wetting and drying (AWD) water management" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Rice___Yellow_Stem_Borer": { |
| "name": "Yellow Stem Borer (पीला तना छेदक / डेड हार्ट / सफेद बाली)", |
| "scientific_name": "Scirpophaga incertulas", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "August to October (Kharif) and March to April (Rabi); warm humid nights, continuous drizzle", |
| "economic_injury_level": "5% dead hearts at vegetative stage or 1 egg mass per m²", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Central vegetative tiller dries up and can be easily pulled out ('Dead Heart' / सूखा कल्ला) with chewed smelly base", |
| "At reproductive heading stage, panicles turn completely erect, white, and empty with zero grain filling ('White Head' / सफेद बाली)", |
| "Small yellow-brown silken egg masses covered with buff-coloured maternal hairs on upper leaf tips", |
| "Caterpillars bore inside the central stem internode, feeding on vascular bundles" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Clip seedling leaf tips before transplanting to eliminate over 80% of deposited egg masses", |
| "Install 5-8 Pheromone Traps (Scirpophaga lures) per acre for mass trapping of male moths" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Release egg parasitoid Trichogramma japonicum @ 40,000 to 50,000 per acre at weekly intervals starting 30 days after transplanting", |
| "Spray Beauveria bassiana 1.15% WP @ 5g/L (80g per 16L tank) or Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) @ 2g/L", |
| "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) or 10,000 PPM Azadirachtin @ 2ml/L" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Apply Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% G (Ferterra) @ 4 kg/acre in 2-3 cm standing water", |
| "Or spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Cartap Hydrochloride 50% SP (Padan) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Fipronil 5% SC (Regent) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Harvest crops close to ground level and plough paddy stubbles immediately after harvest to kill diapausing larvae", |
| "Avoid excessive use of synthetic pyrethroids which kill natural spider predators", |
| "Plant borer-tolerant varieties like Ratna, Vikas, IR-36" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Rice___Gall_Midge": { |
| "name": "Rice Gall Midge / Silver Shoot / Kando (गाल मिज / सिल्वर शूट / कांदो रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Orseolia oryzae", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "July to September (tillering stage); Cloudy weather, continuous drizzle, Temp 24-28°C, RH > 85%", |
| "economic_injury_level": "5% silver shoots at tillering stage", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Growing leaf sheath transformed into a hollow, tubular silvery-white gall resembling an onion leaf ('Silver Shoot' or 'Onion Shoot' / कांदो)", |
| "Central growing point suppressed; no panicle or earhead emerges from affected tillers", |
| "Profuse stunted tillering giving the hill a bunched broom-like appearance", |
| "Major historical regional pest across Raipur, Bilaspur, Durg, Bastar and Surguja divisions in Chhattisgarh" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Drain standing water from infested plots for 48 hours to expose pupae to soil predators", |
| "Remove alternative grassy weed hosts (Paspalum distichum, Leersia hexandra) from bunds" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Encourage natural parasitoids: Platygaster oryzae (attacks up to 80% gall midge maggots naturally)", |
| "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil @ 3ml/L water", |
| "Apply fresh cow urine spray (1:10 dilution with neem leaves extract)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Soil application: Fipronil 0.3% G @ 7 kg/acre or Cartap Hydrochloride 4% G @ 7.5 kg/acre in moist soil", |
| "Or foliar spray: Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2.5ml/L water (40ml per 16L tank; 500ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Early planting in June/early July to escape peak gall midge emergence in August", |
| "Seedling root dip in Chlorpyrifos 20% EC (1ml/L water) for 2 hours before transplanting", |
| "Grow gall midge biotype-resistant varieties: Mahamaya, Karma Mahsuri, Danteshwari, Indira Sona, Samleshwari" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Rice___Brown_Plant_Hopper": { |
| "name": "Brown Plant Hopper / BPH / Hopper Burn (भूरा माहू / हॉपर बर्न)", |
| "scientific_name": "Nilaparvata lugens", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Critical", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "September to November (booting, milking & grain maturity); high humidity, dense canopy, overcast skies", |
| "economic_injury_level": "5-10 hoppers per hill at vegetative stage or 15-20 hoppers per hill at heading", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Nymphs and adults congregate at the base of rice stems above water line, sucking sap aggressively", |
| "Leaves turn yellow, dry up, and entire circular patches collapse into brown scorched areas ('Hopper Burn' / झुलसा)", |
| "Circular burnt patches spread rapidly outward in concentric rings, destroying entire fields in 3-5 days", |
| "Sooty mould fungus develops on sticky honeydew excretions covering the lower tillers", |
| "Major devastating pest in Arang, Dhamtari, Kurud, Bemetara and Raipur rice bowls" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Drain standing water immediately and practice alternate wetting and drying (AWD) to reduce lower canopy humidity", |
| "Open alleys (30 cm paths every 2-3 meters) to allow direct sunlight to hit the stem base" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Foliar spray of fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae @ 5g/L (80g per 16L tank) directed strictly at the base of stems", |
| "Or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L or Verticillium lecanii @ 5g/L", |
| "Spray 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Direct spray strictly towards the BASE of the hills (not top foliage): Pymetrozine 50% WDG (Chess) @ 0.6g/L water (10g per 16L tank; 120g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Triflumezopyrim 10% SC (Pexalon) @ 0.5ml/L water (8ml per 16L tank; 94ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Dinotefuran 20% SG (Token / Oshin) @ 0.4g/L water (6g per 16L tank; 80g/acre)", |
| "Or Flonicamid 50% WG (Ulala) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)", |
| "NEVER spray synthetic pyrethroids (Cypermethrin/Deltamethrin) as they cause massive pest resurgence!" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Avoid excess nitrogen fertilizer (urea); apply potash in 2 split doses", |
| "Maintain wider row spacing (20 x 15 cm) with mandatory skip rows for aeration", |
| "Grow BPH-tolerant varieties: MTU-1010, IR-64, Chapti Gurmatia, Indira Barani Dhan" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Rice___Leaf_Folder": { |
| "name": "Rice Leaf Folder / Leaf Roller (पत्ती लपेटक सूंडी)", |
| "scientific_name": "Cnaphalocrocis medinalis", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "August to October; high nitrogen application, shaded fields, high humidity and overcast conditions", |
| "economic_injury_level": "1-2 damaged leaves with active larvae per hill", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Caterpillar folds leaf margins longitudinally using white silk threads and feeds scraped inside the green tissue", |
| "Longitudinal white transparent streaks on damaged leaves; folded leaves turn scorched and papery white", |
| "Heavily infested fields appear whitish and burnt from a distance, severely reducing photosynthesis", |
| "Presence of golden-brown moths with wavy brown wing margins fluttering above canopy at dusk" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Drag a long coir rope across the top of the canopy back and forth in morning dew to dislodge larvae into water", |
| "Reduce nitrogen top-dressing immediately" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Release egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis @ 40,000/acre starting at first moth flight", |
| "Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) @ 2g/L (35g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L", |
| "Spray 5% NSKE or Neem Oil 1500 PPM @ 4ml/L" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank; 50ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Cartap Hydrochloride 50% SP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre)", |
| "Or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80-100g/acre)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Balanced fertilizer use; avoid excessive urea splits during vegetative phase", |
| "Preserve predatory spiders, dragonflies, and mirid bugs in the paddy ecosystem" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Rice___Hispa": { |
| "name": "Rice Hispa (धान का हिसपा / कांटेदार भृंग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Dicladispa armigera", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "July to August; high relative humidity (80-90%), cloudy weather after heavy monsoon rain", |
| "economic_injury_level": "1-2 adult beetles per hill or 1 damaged leaf per hill", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Small shiny black spiny beetles scrape upper leaf epidermis, leaving characteristic parallel white streaks", |
| "Maggots mine between upper and lower epidermal layers, producing irregular blotch-like blisters", |
| "Leaves turn brownish-white, wither and dry from tip downwards, giving a scorched look", |
| "Leaves roll upwards and dry prematurely, reducing grain yield significantly" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Clip leaf tips of seedlings before transplanting to destroy leaf-mining grubs", |
| "Run sweep nets through young paddy canopy to catch and destroy adult beetles" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Foliar spray of Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L (80g per 16L tank)", |
| "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 1500 PPM @ 4ml/L" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2.5ml/L water (40ml per 16L tank; 500ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Quinalphos 25% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)", |
| "Or Profenofos 50% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Eradicate grassy weed hosts around irrigation canals and field borders", |
| "Avoid deep transplanting and maintain balanced fertilizer ratios" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Rice___Gundhi_Bug": { |
| "name": "Rice Gundhi Bug / Earhead Bug (गंधी बग / बदबूदार कीड़ा)", |
| "scientific_name": "Leptocorisa acuta", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "September to November (milking stage / दूधिया दाने); warm humid days with light morning breezes", |
| "economic_injury_level": "1-2 bugs per hill during early morning or evening", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Adults and nymphs suck milky sap from developing rice grains during early morning and late evening", |
| "Brownish puncture marks on grains with white chalky spots, causing grains to become chaffy and empty", |
| "Pungent foul bedbug-like repulsive odor ('Gundhi') emanating from the rice field", |
| "Severely reduced grain weight, broken grains during milling, and black discolouration" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Dust chemicals or spray during early morning (6:00 to 8:30 AM) or evening when bugs are active on panicles", |
| "Set up light traps or rotting fish / dry fish bait traps in bamboo baskets to attract and destroy bugs" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Dust wood ash mixed with tobacco dust or dry neem leaf powder over the canopy in early morning", |
| "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil @ 3ml/L" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Dust Malathion 5% D @ 10 kg/acre over the canopy during early morning while dew is present", |
| "Or spray Lambda Cyhalothrin 5% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)", |
| "Or Deltamethrin 2.8% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Clean bunds and remove alternative host grasses (Echinochloa, Panicum) before flowering", |
| "Synchronized community planting so that crops in adjacent fields mature at the same time" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Rice___Tungro": { |
| "name": "Rice Tungro Virus Disease (धान का टुंगरो विषाणु रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) & Spherical Virus (RTSV)", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Viral", |
| "severity": "Critical", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "August to October; high Green Leafhopper (GLH) population, warm temperatures (28-32°C)", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Presence of Green Leafhopper vector and yellowing seedlings", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Stunting of plants with yellow to orange-yellow leaf discoloration starting from leaf tips downwards", |
| "Young leaves mottled or with pale green stripes; older leaves become bright yellow-orange", |
| "Reduced tillering, delayed flowering, panicles are small, sterile and partially exserted with dark blotches", |
| "Transmitted exclusively in a semi-persistent manner by Green Leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens)" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Rogue out and destroy infected diseased hills immediately to eliminate viral reservoir", |
| "Control the leafhopper vector immediately to prevent disease transmission to adjacent healthy fields" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 10-12 per acre to trap adult Green Leafhoppers", |
| "Foliar spray of Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L water to repel leafhoppers" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Vector control spray: Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (Confidor) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 50-60ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Dinotefuran 20% SG @ 0.4g/L water (6g per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Grow vector-resistant and Tungro-tolerant varieties: IR-36, IR-64, Vikramarya, Pusa-2-21", |
| "Adjust planting dates to escape peak leafhopper vector migration" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Rice___Bakanae": { |
| "name": "Rice Bakanae / Foot Rot / Flag Disease (झंडा रोग / बकाने)", |
| "scientific_name": "Fusarium fujikuroi (Gibberella fujikuroi)", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "July to August (nursery and early tillering stage); seed and soil-borne", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Abnormally tall thin pale tillers emerging in field", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Infected seedlings grow abnormally tall, slender, pale yellowish-green ('Foolish Seedling' / झंडा रोग)", |
| "Tender plants tower above healthy green crop canopy by 15-30 cm", |
| "White or pinkish fungal mycelium visible at the collar region near ground level", |
| "Adventitious roots develop from lower nodes above ground; plants die before panicle emergence" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Rogue out and burn abnormally tall infected plants immediately along with root system", |
| "Never save seed from fields affected by Bakanae" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Seed soaking in Trichoderma viride @ 10g/L water for 8 hours before nursery sowing", |
| "Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2 kg/acre mixed with compost" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Seed treatment is the ONLY reliable control: Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/kg seed or Thiram @ 2.5g/kg", |
| "Or soak seeds in Carbendazim solution (1g/L) for 24 hours before nursery sowing", |
| "Foliar spray in young crop: Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/L (35g per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Use certified disease-free seed", |
| "Avoid deep transplanting and maintain proper nursery drainage" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Rice___healthy": { |
| "name": "Healthy Rice Crop (स्वस्थ धान फसल)", |
| "scientific_name": "Oryza sativa (Optimal Chloroplast Health)", |
| "crop": "Rice (Paddy)", |
| "category": "Healthy", |
| "severity": "Healthy", |
| "is_healthy": True, |
| "season_and_weather": "All seasons; optimal canopy architecture, balanced nutrition, zero active lesions", |
| "economic_injury_level": "None (Canopy healthy)", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Vibrant uniform emerald green foliage with high chlorophyll reflectance (GLI > 0.25)", |
| "Strong, upright tillers with clean leaf sheaths free from fungal lesions or insect puncture marks", |
| "Clean root zone with active white feeder rootlets and no rotting or discoloration", |
| "Healthy panicle initiation and uniform grain filling" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Maintain optimal shallow standing water (2-5 cm) during tillering and panicle development", |
| "No chemical interventions required; keep monitoring weekly" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Apply periodic preventive bio-tonic: Vermiwash or Jeevamrut @ 10% concentration every 15 days", |
| "Maintain bird perches (T-shaped bamboo sticks @ 15/acre) to encourage insectivorous birds" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "No chemical spray required. Conserve beneficial insects, spiders, and predatory mirid bugs." |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Continue balanced fertilization and alternate wetting and drying water regime", |
| "Inspect lower leaf sheaths weekly for early signs of sheath blight or hoppers" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| "Wheat___Yellow_Rust": { |
| "name": "Wheat Yellow / Stripe Rust (गेहूं का पीला रतुआ / स्ट्राइप रस्ट)", |
| "scientific_name": "Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici", |
| "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Critical", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "December to February; Cool temperatures (10-18°C), high humidity, morning fog and dews", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of yellow pustule stripes on 1-2 leaves in a patch", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Bright lemon-yellow to orange-yellow powdery pustules (uredinia) arranged in narrow, parallel linear stripes along leaf veins", |
| "Pustules rupture releasing masses of yellow dust that stain fingers or white cloth", |
| "Severe infection leads to leaf drying, premature senescence, shrivelled grain, and 40-70% yield loss", |
| "Rapid epidemic spread across North/Central India during prolonged winter cloudiness" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Identify initial focus patches ('focal points') and spray surrounding borders immediately to arrest wind dispersal", |
| "Avoid late evening irrigation which prolongs night dew duration on foliage" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Foliar spray of cow urine + sour buttermilk (खट्टी छाछ) solution @ 50ml/L water", |
| "Apply Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water as early prophylactic bio-fungicide" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank; 250ml/acre)", |
| "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Repeat spray after 15 days if cool humid conditions persist" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Sow certified rust-resistant varieties: DBW-187 (Karan Vandana), DBW-303, PBW-725, HD-3086, HD-3226", |
| "Avoid planting highly susceptible older varieties (HD-2967 in stripe rust prone zones)", |
| "Timely sowing in November to escape late season virulent spore showers" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Wheat___Brown_Rust": { |
| "name": "Wheat Brown / Leaf Rust (गेहूं का भूरा रतुआ)", |
| "scientific_name": "Puccinia triticina (Puccinia recondita)", |
| "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "January to March; warmer winter temperatures (20-25°C), morning dew, scattered rain", |
| "economic_injury_level": "5-10% leaf area covered with brown pustules on flag leaf", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Small circular to oval reddish-brown powdery pustules scattered randomly on upper leaf surface (not in linear stripes)", |
| "Pustules release orange-brown urediniospores leaving leaves chlorotic and withered", |
| "Premature defoliation, reduced 1000-grain weight, and shrivelled poor quality grain" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Spray flag leaves immediately upon appearance of first pustules", |
| "Avoid excess nitrogen fertilizer which creates lush susceptible leaf tissue" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Foliar spray of 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or raw garlic-chilli extract @ 20ml/L", |
| "Spray Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5g/L water" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG (Nativo) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre)", |
| "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Grow brown rust resistant varieties: HD-3226, DBW-187, Shriram Super 111, GW-322, Sujata", |
| "Balanced NPK application (120:60:40 kg/ha) with adequate potassium" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Wheat___Loose_Smut": { |
| "name": "Wheat Loose Smut (गेहूं का खुला कंडुवा रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Ustilago tritici", |
| "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "February to March (flowering and heading stage); internally seed-borne pathogen", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Presence of black smutted earheads in field", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Every spikelet of the infected earhead transformed into a loose, powdery mass of olive-black spores", |
| "Initially covered by a delicate silvery-grey membrane which ruptures quickly, leaving only the bare naked rachis ('Skeleton earhead')", |
| "Smutted heads emerge earlier than healthy heads; spores blown by wind to infect adjacent flowering spikes silently" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Carefully cover infected smutted heads with polythene bags, cut and burn them to prevent spore dispersion to flowering spikes", |
| "Never harvest seeds from smut-infected fields for next year sowing" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Solar Heat Seed Treatment: Soak seeds in water for 4-5 hours on a bright sunny summer day (May-June), then spread thin on black polythene/tin sheets for 4 hours (internal mycelium killed by 45-50°C solar heat)", |
| "Bio-seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10g/kg seed" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Mandatory preventive seed treatment (no chemical cure once earhead emerges black): Treat seeds before sowing with Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% DS (Vitavax Power) @ 2.5g/kg seed", |
| "Or Tebuconazole 2% DS (Raxil) @ 1g/kg seed" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Use certified loose-smut-free seed from NSC or government certified seed depots", |
| "Strict solarization of farm-saved wheat seeds during peak summer months" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Wheat___Karnal_Bunt": { |
| "name": "Wheat Karnal Bunt (गेहूं का करनाल बंट रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Tilletia indica (Neovossia indica)", |
| "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "February to March (heading & anthesis); light rainfall, high humidity (> 70%), Temp 15-22°C", |
| "economic_injury_level": "0.5% infected grains (Strict quarantine pathogen for export)", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Only a few grains per earhead are partially converted into black powdery teliospore masses; whole earhead is not destroyed", |
| "Infected grains emit a foul, nauseating rotten-fish odor due to trimethylamine gas production", |
| "Embryo end of the grain typically destroyed, leaving the hollow pericarp intact", |
| "Severe rejection of wheat consignments for international export and flour quality degradation" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Avoid sprinkler irrigation during flowering/anthesis period as water droplets facilitate sporidial infection", |
| "Do not save seeds from infected plots for sowing" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Bio-seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g/kg seed", |
| "Apply neem cake to soil @ 100 kg/acre to reduce teliospore viability" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Single prophylactic spray at earhead emergence (50% flowering): Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Seed treatment with Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2.5g/kg seed", |
| "Crop rotation with non-cereal crops (Chickpea, Mustard, Berseem) for 2-3 years to break soil-borne teliospore cycle" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Wheat___Powdery_Mildew": { |
| "name": "Wheat Powdery Mildew (गेहूं का चूर्णिल आसिता / सफेद चूर्णी)", |
| "scientific_name": "Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici", |
| "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "January to February; cool humid weather (15-20°C), dense canopy, cloudy conditions", |
| "economic_injury_level": "White fungal patches covering > 10% of lower leaves", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Fluffy, white, talcum-powder-like fungal patches on upper surface of lower leaves, stems, and sheaths", |
| "White patches turn dull grey to brownish, producing small black specks (cleistothecia)", |
| "Heavily affected leaves turn yellow, senesce, and dry prematurely, reducing grain yield" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Ensure proper field aeration and avoid excessively dense seeding", |
| "Spray lower canopy thoroughly where fungal powder is concentrated" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Spray wettable sulfur (Sulfex 80% WDG) @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank)", |
| "Apply baking soda (Sodium bicarbonate) solution @ 5g/L with 2ml liquid soap" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)", |
| "Or Hexaconazole 5% SC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Use recommended seed rate (40 kg/acre for timely sown; do not broadcast thick)", |
| "Grow resistant cultivars: HD-3086, DBW-187, PBW-550" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Wheat___Aphids": { |
| "name": "Wheat Aphid / Mahu (गेहूं का माहू / चेपा)", |
| "scientific_name": "Rhopalosiphum padi & Sitobion avenae", |
| "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "January to February; cloudy, overcast skies, high humidity and mild winter temperatures", |
| "economic_injury_level": "10-15 aphids per earhead/tiller at heading stage", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Colonies of tiny greenish-black soft-bodied aphids crowding on leaves, tender stems, and young earheads", |
| "Nymphs and adults suck phloem sap, turning leaves yellow, curled, and causing shrivelled, chaffy grains", |
| "Secretion of sticky honeydew resulting in black sooty mould growth that blocks sunlight", |
| "Loss of 10-25% grain weight during ear emergence" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Conserve natural predators: Ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata), hoverfly maggots, and lacewings", |
| "Spray when morning aphid count exceeds 10 per earhead" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Spray Verticillium lecanii or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank)", |
| "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 1500 PPM @ 4ml/L water" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.25g/L water (4g per 16L tank; 50g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.5ml/L water (25ml per 16L tank; 300ml/acre)", |
| "Or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Timely sowing in November to escape late February aphid population explosion", |
| "Avoid excessive split doses of urea" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Wheat___Termites": { |
| "name": "Wheat Termite / Deemak (गेहूं की दीमक)", |
| "scientific_name": "Odontotermes obesus & Microtermes obesi", |
| "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "November to January; sandy, light soils, un-decomposed FYM, dry soil conditions", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Wilting seedling patches in light soils", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Worker termites feed on roots and stem base below the soil level, cutting off water supply", |
| "Affected plants dry up, turn yellow, and can be pulled out effortlessly with severed taproots", |
| "Damaged stems are hollowed out and filled with soil gallery lines", |
| "Severe damage occurs under rainfed, moisture-stressed conditions" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Irrigate the field immediately; flooding suppresses subterranean termite activity and collapses tunnels", |
| "Never apply raw or un-decomposed cow dung which attracts subterranean termites" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Soil application of Metarhizium anisopliae @ 2 kg/acre mixed with 100 kg moist FYM", |
| "Pour neem cake extract along irrigation channels" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Seed treatment before sowing: Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 4ml/kg seed or Fipronil 5% SC @ 5ml/kg seed", |
| "Standing crop drenching: Chlorpyrifos 20% EC @ 1 to 1.5 liters per acre mixed in irrigation water or sand" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Use only fully decomposed compost/FYM", |
| "Deep summer ploughing to expose termite mounds to sunlight and birds" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Wheat___healthy": { |
| "name": "Healthy Wheat Crop (स्वस्थ गेहूं फसल)", |
| "scientific_name": "Triticum aestivum (Optimal Vegetative & Earhead Vigor)", |
| "crop": "Wheat (गेहूं)", |
| "category": "Healthy", |
| "severity": "Healthy", |
| "is_healthy": True, |
| "season_and_weather": "Rabi season; clean foliage, strong tillering, optimal flag leaf photosynthetic area", |
| "economic_injury_level": "None", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Uniform upright green foliage free from yellow, brown, or black pustule stripes", |
| "Erect, healthy flag leaves and fully developed spikelets with zero smut dust or bunt odour", |
| "Strong root anchorage with healthy crown root development" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Ensure timely irrigation at Critical Root Initiation (CRI - 21 days), Tillering, Booting, and Milking stages", |
| "No pesticide spray needed" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Foliar spray of 19:19:19 NPK or Panchagavya @ 30ml/L at tillering to boost grain weight" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "No chemical spray required. Conserve beneficial ladybird beetles and spiders." |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Regular scouting of lower leaf canopies for early yellow rust stripes during cold foggy mornings" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| "Corn_(maize)___Fall_Armyworm": { |
| "name": "Maize Fall Armyworm / FAW (मक्के का फॉल आर्मीवॉर्म / सैनिक कीट)", |
| "scientific_name": "Spodoptera frugiperda", |
| "crop": "Corn / Maize (मक्का)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Critical", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "Kharif and Rabi seasons; warm weather, intermittent rain, severe in Bastar and Surguja", |
| "economic_injury_level": "10% whorl damage in young crop (up to 30 days) or 20% whorl damage in older crop", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Young larvae feed on epidermal tissue of leaves causing characteristic window-pane patches ('Windowing')", |
| "Older larvae bore into central whorl, creating large ragged ragged holes and massive sawdust-like fecal frass", |
| "Central growing point chewed off leading to stunted dead whorls; later larvae attack tassels and ear cobs", |
| "Larva distinguished by 4 dark spots arranged in a square on the 8th abdominal segment and an inverted 'Y' on head" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Hand-pick egg masses and neonate larvae from leaves; drop sand or soil mixed with ash into whorls to suffocate caterpillars", |
| "Apply poison bait: Ferment 10 kg rice bran + 2 kg jaggery in 3L water for 24 hours, mix Thiodicarb 75% WP @ 100g or Chlorpyrifos 250ml, apply small balls in whorls" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Install 5 Pheromone Traps (Spodoptera frugiperda lure) per acre for monitoring", |
| "Spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt kurstaki) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank) or Metarhizium rileyi @ 5g/L", |
| "Apply Neem formulation (Azadirachtin 1500 PPM @ 5ml/L or 10,000 PPM @ 2ml/L) inside the whorl" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Target spray directly into the leaf whorl: Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.4ml/L water (6-7ml per 16L tank; 80ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Spinetoram 11.7% SC (Delegate) @ 0.5ml/L water (8ml per 16L tank; 100ml/acre)", |
| "Or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre)", |
| "Or Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda Cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC (Alika) @ 0.5ml/L water (8ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Seed treatment with Cyantraniliprole 19.8% + Thiamethoxam 19.8% FS (Fortenza Duo) @ 6ml/kg seed", |
| "Intercropping with cowpea (Lobia) or pulses in 2:1 or 4:1 ratio to suppress pest buildup", |
| "Deep summer ploughing to expose pupae to birds and scorching sun" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Corn_(maize)___Turcicum_Leaf_Blight": { |
| "name": "Maize Turcicum Leaf Blight / Northern Corn Leaf Blight (मक्के का टर्सिकम झुलसा रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Exserohilum turcicum (Bipolaris turcica)", |
| "crop": "Corn / Maize (मक्का)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "August to October; Moderate temperature (20-25°C), high relative humidity (90-100%), heavy morning dews", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Lesions covering > 5% leaf area on lower leaves before silking", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Long, elliptical, boat-shaped or spindle-shaped greyish-green to tan lesions (2.5 to 15 cm long) on leaves", |
| "Lesions start from lower leaves and advance upwards, with olive-green or dark velvety fungal sporulation on lesions during humid mornings", |
| "Complete burning and premature death of leaves, resulting in small underdeveloped cobs and poor grain yield" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Remove and burn severely blighted lower leaves to reduce inoculum load", |
| "Avoid overhead sprinkler irrigation that keeps leaves wet" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Foliar spray of Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank)", |
| "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) or raw cow urine solution (1:10)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Mancozeb 75% WP (Dithane M-45) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC (Amistar Top) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)", |
| "Or Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)", |
| "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Seed treatment with Thiram 75% WP @ 2.5g/kg seed or Carbendazim @ 2g/kg", |
| "Plant resistant hybrids: HQPM-1, PMH-1, Bio-9681, Shaktiman-1" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Corn_(maize)___Common_rust_": { |
| "name": "Maize Common Rust (मक्के का सामान्य रतुआ)", |
| "scientific_name": "Puccinia sorghi", |
| "crop": "Corn / Maize (मक्का)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "Cool, moist weather (Temp 16-25°C, high humidity > 90%); common in winter/Rabi maize", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Brown pustules scattered over 10% leaf area", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Golden-brown to cinnamon-brown powdery pustules (uredinia) scattered across both upper and lower leaf surfaces", |
| "Pustules rupture releasing rusty spores, turning brownish-black late in the season (teliospores)", |
| "Leaves turn chlorotic, dry prematurely, and plants suffer lodging" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Inspect lower and middle canopy leaves in morning dew", "Avoid excess irrigation"], |
| "organic_control": ["Spray wettable sulfur @ 3g/L (50g per 16L tank)", "Apply fermented cow urine solution (1:10)"], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400-500g/acre)", |
| "Or Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)", |
| "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Grow rust-resistant maize hybrids", "Early sowing of winter maize in October to escape peak humidity"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Corn_(maize)___Cercospora_leaf_spot Gray_leaf_spot": { |
| "name": "Maize Gray Leaf Spot / Cercospora (मक्के का धूसर पत्ती धब्बा)", |
| "scientific_name": "Cercospora zeae-maydis", |
| "crop": "Corn / Maize (मक्का)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "Warm humid conditions with prolonged dew and overcast skies", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Rectangular grey spots coalescing on lower canopy", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Small, tan spots with chlorotic haloes that elongate into narrow rectangular grey lesions delimited by veins", |
| "Lesions coalesce blighting entire leaf blades, resulting in premature stalk dieback and lodging", |
| "Severe reduction in photosynthetic surface during ear fill" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Avoid sprinkler irrigation; facilitate good air circulation"], |
| "organic_control": ["Spray Trichoderma harzianum @ 5g/L water", "Apply fermented buttermilk spray @ 50ml/L"], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Pyraclostrobin 20% WG @ 1g/L water (16g per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Crop rotation with soybean or pulses", "Tillage to bury crop debris containing overwintering mycelium"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Corn_(maize)___Northern_Leaf_Blight": { |
| "name": "Maize Northern Leaf Blight (मक्के का उत्तरी पत्ती झुलसा)", |
| "scientific_name": "Setosphaeria turcica (Helminthosporium turcicum)", |
| "crop": "Corn / Maize (मक्का)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "High humidity, frequent rain, Temp 18-27°C", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Long boat-shaped lesions spreading to ear leaves", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Long, cigar-shaped, elliptical greyish-green to tan lesions", |
| "Lesions merge causing extensive foliage burning and premature death of plants", |
| "Stalks become weak and prone to lodging" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Spray at first sign of disease on lower leaves before tassel emergence"], |
| "organic_control": ["Spray Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5g/L water"], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Propiconazole 25% EC @ 1ml/L water" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Plant certified resistant hybrids", "Deep ploughing of stubbles"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Corn_(maize)___healthy": { |
| "name": "Healthy Corn / Maize (स्वस्थ मक्का फसल)", |
| "scientific_name": "Zea mays (Optimal Photosynthetic Vigor)", |
| "crop": "Corn / Maize (मक्का)", |
| "category": "Healthy", |
| "severity": "Healthy", |
| "is_healthy": True, |
| "season_and_weather": "All seasons; broad glossy green leaves, clean whorl, vigorous tassel and cob emergence", |
| "economic_injury_level": "None", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Broad emerald-green leaves free from caterpillar windowing holes or fungal blight spots", |
| "Clean central whorls free from sawdust-like frass or armyworm larvae", |
| "Robust brace roots and well-developed silking ear cobs" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal moisture at knee-high, tasseling, and grain-filling stages"], |
| "organic_control": ["Apply vermicompost or Jeevamrut @ 10% foliar spray at knee-high stage"], |
| "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed. Conserve predatory ground beetles and earwigs."] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Scout central whorls weekly for early Fall Armyworm egg masses"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| } |
| } |
|
|
