| |
| """ |
| CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Pulses Module (दलहन फसलें: चना, अरहर, उड़द, मूंग, तिवड़ा) |
| Comprehensive details of all diseases, pests, and physiological disorders |
| across Chhattisgarh (Bemetara, Rajnandgaon, Kabirdham, Surguja) and All India. |
| """ |
|
|
| from typing import Dict, Any |
|
|
| PULSES_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = { |
| |
| |
| |
| "Chickpea___Pod_Borer": { |
| "name": "Chickpea Pod Borer / Gram Caterpillar (चना फली छेदक इल्ली)", |
| "scientific_name": "Helicoverpa armigera", |
| "crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Critical", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "January to March (flowering and pod formation); warm sunny days following winter rain", |
| "economic_injury_level": "1 larva per meter row or 1 damaged pod per plant", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Early instar caterpillars defoliate young leaflets and tender shoot tips", |
| "Later instars chew clean circular entry holes into developing green pods, inserting only their head inside while feeding ('Borer')", |
| "Empty hollow pods with seeds completely consumed, leading to 30-60% harvest loss", |
| "Caterpillar is greenish-brown with longitudinal lateral stripes and short bristles on body" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Install 'T'-shaped bird perches (T-खूंटी @ 20/acre) to attract insectivorous birds like Drongo and Myna", |
| "Set up 5 Pheromone Traps (Helilure) per acre for mass monitoring and male trapping" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Spray HaNPV (Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus) @ 250 LE/acre (1.5ml/L) in evening with 0.1% jaggery", |
| "Or spray Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L", |
| "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE @ 50g/L) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 2ml/L" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80-100g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank; 50ml/acre)", |
| "Or Spinosad 45% SC (Tracer) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)", |
| "Or Indoxacarb 14.5% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Intercrop with Coriander, Mustard, or Marigold (1 row of marigold/mustard after every 8-10 rows of gram) as trap crop", |
| "Early sowing in October to escape peak larval emergence in February-March" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Chickpea___Fusarium_Wilt": { |
| "name": "Chickpea Fusarium Wilt / Uktha Rog (चना का उकठा / विल्ट रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris", |
| "crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "November (early seedling wilt) and January-February (flowering/pod stage); dry warm soil conditions (25-30°C)", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Patches of wilting branches across field", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Sudden drooping of upper petioles and leaves, which turn dull greyish-green and dry up", |
| "When the main stem or taproot is split longitudinally, dark brown to black vascular discoloration of xylem vessels is clearly visible", |
| "Roots show internal blackening without external rotting; plants can be pulled out easily", |
| "Severe devastating disease in Bemetara, Rajnandgaon, Kabirdham and Durg chickpea tracts" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Rogue out and burn wilted plants immediately; soil drench around adjacent healthy plants", |
| "Avoid deep cultivation that damages roots and spreads fungal mycelium" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Bio-agent soil application: Mix Trichoderma viride / harzianum @ 2 kg with 100 kg decomposed FYM, incubate for 7 days under shade, apply to field before sowing", |
| "Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 2 kg/acre" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Preventive seed treatment is MANDATORY (no effective cure once vascular wilt sets in): Treat seeds with Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/kg seed or Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% (Vitavax Power) @ 2.5g/kg seed", |
| "Patch drenching: Carbendazim 50% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank) or Copper Oxychloride @ 3g/L" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Deep summer ploughing to eradicate resting chlamydospores", |
| "3-year crop rotation with non-host crops (Sorghum, Wheat, Mustard)", |
| "Grow wilt-resistant cultivars: JG-11, JG-14, JG-16, JG-315, JAKI-9218, Vijay, Digvijay" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Chickpea___Dry_Root_Rot": { |
| "name": "Chickpea Dry Root Rot (चना का शुष्क जड़ सड़न रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Rhizoctonia bataticola (Macrophomina phaseolina)", |
| "crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "February to March (post-flowering); high ambient temperature (above 30°C) and moisture stress", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Stiff straw-yellow dried plants with brittle roots", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Plants dry up completely, turning straw-yellow with leaves remaining attached to the branches", |
| "Taproot becomes brittle, black, shredded like dry wood with loss of secondary lateral feeder roots", |
| "Minute black pepper-like sclerotial bodies visible under the bark of the split root collar", |
| "Triggered primarily by high heat and severe soil drought stress during pod filling" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Provide light life-saving irrigation to alleviate soil moisture stress", "Remove dead plants"], |
| "organic_control": ["Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/acre with 100 kg compost"], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Seed treatment: Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2.5g/kg seed", |
| "Root drenching: Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP @ 2g/L water around root zones" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Avoid moisture stress during pod filling; apply light irrigation", "Grow heat-tolerant varieties"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Chickpea___Ascochyta_Blight": { |
| "name": "Chickpea Ascochyta Blight (चना का एस्कोकाइटा झुलसा)", |
| "scientific_name": "Ascochyta rabiei", |
| "crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "Cool, cloudy, wet weather with frequent showers (Temp 15-20°C, RH > 80%)", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Circular concentric brown lesions on pods and leaflets", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Circular or elongated brown spots with dark margins and concentric rings containing black pycnidia dots on leaves and stems", |
| "Deep sunken lesions on stems causing the branches to break and fall over ('Girdling')", |
| "Circular sunken lesions on pods with fungal pycnidia arranged in neat circles; seeds infected and shrivelled" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Spray immediately after rain or heavy fog; do not walk in wet crop canopy"], |
| "organic_control": ["Spray Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water", "Apply Copper Soap / Bordeaux mixture 1%"], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Chlorothalonil 75% WP (Kavach) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Use certified disease-free seed; seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim (1:1) @ 3g/kg seed", |
| "Grow blight-tolerant varieties: GNG-469, PBG-5, Himachal Chana-1" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Chickpea___Collar_Rot": { |
| "name": "Chickpea Collar Rot (चना का कॉलर रॉट रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Sclerotium rolfsii", |
| "crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "Seedling stage (October-November); high soil moisture and warm soil temperature", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Seedling collapse at soil line", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Water-soaked decaying lesion at collar region of seedling near ground level", |
| "White fan-like cottony fungal mycelial growth on stem base and surrounding moist soil", |
| "Mustard-seed-like round brown sclerotial bodies attached to mycelium at the soil line", |
| "Seedlings turn yellow, collapse, and rot rapidly" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Avoid excessive moisture around collar; expose soil line to air"], |
| "organic_control": ["Soil application of Trichoderma harzianum @ 2.5 kg/acre with vermicompost"], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Seed treatment: Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2.5g/kg seed", |
| "Soil drenching: Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank) around infected patches" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Ensure clean seedbed free of decaying stubble", "Avoid sowing too deep in wet soil"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Chickpea___healthy": { |
| "name": "Healthy Chickpea / Gram (स्वस्थ चना फसल)", |
| "scientific_name": "Cicer arietinum (Optimal Canopy & Podding)", |
| "crop": "Chickpea / Gram (चना)", |
| "category": "Healthy", |
| "severity": "Healthy", |
| "is_healthy": True, |
| "season_and_weather": "Rabi season; lush green pinnate foliage with acid exudate glands, vigorous pod setting", |
| "economic_injury_level": "None", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Dense branching canopy with fresh green glandular leaflets and high malic acid secretion", |
| "Clean developing green pods with zero borer puncture holes", |
| "Healthy taproot system with active pink nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium nodules" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal soil moisture; protect from frost during flowering"], |
| "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 2% Urea or 19:19:19 NPK + micronutrients at pod formation"], |
| "chemical_control": ["No chemical spray required. Conserve beneficial spiders and parasitoid wasps."] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Regular scouting for early borer egg masses on tender leaves"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| "Pigeonpea___Fusarium_Wilt": { |
| "name": "Pigeonpea / Arhar Wilt (अरहर का उकठा / विल्ट रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Fusarium udum", |
| "crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "September to November (flowering and podding stage); soil-borne pathogen favored by warm soils", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Patches of wilting branches across field", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Interveinal chlorosis and yellowing of upper leaves followed by gradual wilting and drying of branches", |
| "Characteristic purple-black bands or strips running up the stem from the ground line", |
| "Internal vascular xylem vessels turn dark brownish-black when stem is split open", |
| "Partial wilting is common where one side of the plant dies while the other side remains green" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Uproot and burn diseased plants along with their main root systems to prevent sclerotial buildup", |
| "Ensure proper drainage; waterlogging aggravates root asphyxiation and fungal invasion" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/acre incubated with 200 kg farmyard manure", |
| "Green manuring with Crotalaria juncea (Sunhemp) to suppress soil Fusarium populations" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Seed treatment: Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% @ 2.5g/kg seed or Carbendazim @ 2g/kg", |
| "No post-infection chemical curative exists once systemic xylem vessels are blocked" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "3-year crop rotation with non-hosts like Sorghum, Maize, or Tobacco", |
| "Grow wilt-resistant cultivars: Asha (ICPL-87119), Maruti (ICP-8863), BSMR-736, BDN-711, Rajiv Lochan (CG recommended)" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Pigeonpea___Sterility_Mosaic": { |
| "name": "Pigeonpea Sterility Mosaic Disease / SMD (अरहर का बांझपन मोजेक रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Pigeonpea Sterility Mosaic Emaravirus (PPSMV) vectored by Aceria cajani mite", |
| "crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)", |
| "category": "Viral", |
| "severity": "Critical", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "August to October; warm humid weather, dense shade favoring eriophyid mite vector", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of bushy pale green plants with zero flowers", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Severe stunting and proliferation of auxiliary branches giving the plant a bushy, broom-like appearance ('Green Island')", |
| "Leaves turn pale yellowish-green with mosaic mottling and become smaller in size", |
| "Complete cessation of flowering and pod setting; plants remain 100% sterile (Green barren bush)", |
| "Transmitted by microscopic eriophyid mites (Aceria cajani) carried by wind currents" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Rogue out and destroy infected sterile plants in early vegetative stage to prevent mite vector spread", |
| "Spray acaricide immediately to eradicate the mite vector" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG @ 3g/L (50g per 16L tank) to control mite vectors", |
| "Apply Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Acaricide vector control spray: Fenazaquin 10% EC (Magister) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC (Oberon) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)", |
| "Or Propargite 57% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Grow SMD-resistant varieties: Asha (ICPL-87119), BSMR-736, BSMR-853, BDN-2", |
| "Eradicate perennial or volunteer pigeonpea plants around field borders that harbor mites" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Pigeonpea___Pod_Borer": { |
| "name": "Pigeonpea Pod Borer Complex (अरहर का फली छेदक कीट)", |
| "scientific_name": "Helicoverpa armigera & Maruca vitrata", |
| "crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "October to December (budding, flowering and pod development); sunny warm days", |
| "economic_injury_level": "1-2 larvae per plant or 5% pod damage", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Caterpillars web together flower buds, flowers, and leaves with silk and feed inside (Maruca)", |
| "Large circular bore holes in developing pods with caterpillars chewing developing seeds (Helicoverpa)", |
| "Heavy shedding of flowers and flower buds leading to barren terminal twigs", |
| "Massive yield drop of 40-70% if unmanaged at 50% flowering stage" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Shake plants vigorously in early morning onto polythene sheets placed between rows to collect and destroy dislodged larvae", |
| "Set up 5 Pheromone Traps per acre at canopy height" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Spray HaNPV @ 250 LE/acre (1.5ml/L) with 0.1% jaggery in late afternoon", |
| "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L at flower bud initiation", |
| "Apply Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Flubendiamide 39.35% SC (Fame) @ 0.25ml/L water (4ml per 16L tank; 50ml/acre)", |
| "Or Emamectin Benzoate 5% SG (Proclaim) @ 0.4g/L water (7g per 16L tank; 80g/acre)", |
| "Or Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "First spray must coincide with 50% flowering stage before larvae enter inside the green pods", |
| "Install bird perches @ 20 per acre for natural predation" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Pigeonpea___Pod_Fly": { |
| "name": "Pigeonpea Pod Fly (अरहर की फली मक्खी)", |
| "scientific_name": "Melanagromyza obtusa", |
| "crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)", |
| "category": "Insect_Pest", |
| "severity": "Severe", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "November to January (pod maturation stage); hidden damage without external entry holes", |
| "economic_injury_level": "10% pod infestation or presence of adult shiny black flies around flowers", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Adult female fly punctures green pod wall and deposits eggs directly onto developing seeds", |
| "Maggot feeds inside the seed coat creating circular white galleries; seed becomes rotten, unfit for consumption or sowing", |
| "External pod looks completely normal with NO visible entry hole until adult fly cuts a 'window' hole to exit", |
| "Major hidden cause of 30-50% pulse yield drop in Central India" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Spray systemic insecticide at green pod stage when adult flies are actively ovipositing", |
| "Collect and burn infested pod residues after threshing" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Spray Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L water during pod formation", |
| "Install yellow sticky traps @ 8-10 per acre to monitor adult flies" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank; 350ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Monocrotophos (use restricted) / Quinalphos 25% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)", |
| "Or Spinetoram 11.7% SC @ 0.5ml/L water (8ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Grow pod fly resistant or early maturing varieties", |
| "Avoid staggered sowing in adjacent plots" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Pigeonpea___Phytophthora_Blight": { |
| "name": "Pigeonpea Phytophthora Stem Blight (अरहर का फाइटोफ्थोरा झुलसा)", |
| "scientific_name": "Phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani", |
| "crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Critical", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "July to August (seedling and vegetative stage); continuous heavy rain, stagnant water, Temp 28-32°C", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Stem girdling and rapid wilting in waterlogged areas", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Water-soaked circular to irregular lesions on leaves that rapidly dry into dull grey patches", |
| "Dark brown to black necrotic girdling lesions on the main stem and branches, usually near ground level", |
| "The stem swells slightly at the lesion site and breaks easily in wind; foliage above lesion withers and dies rapidly", |
| "Sudden epidemic death of plants in low-lying, poorly drained waterlogged patches" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Provide immediate furrow drainage to remove standing water from root zones", |
| "Spray systemic fungicide immediately upon cessation of heavy rainfall" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 2.5 kg/acre with compost", |
| "Apply Copper Hydroxide bio-shield @ 2g/L" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Foliar spray: Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Ridomil Gold) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Plant pigeonpea on raised ridges (Ridge and Furrow planting system) to prevent waterlogging at stem base", |
| "Seed treatment with Metalaxyl 35% WS @ 2g/kg seed", |
| "Avoid planting in low-lying flood-prone clayey soils" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Pigeonpea___healthy": { |
| "name": "Healthy Pigeonpea / Arhar (स्वस्थ अरहर फसल)", |
| "scientific_name": "Cajanus cajan (Optimal Reproductive Health)", |
| "crop": "Pigeonpea / Arhar (अरहर/तूर)", |
| "category": "Healthy", |
| "severity": "Healthy", |
| "is_healthy": True, |
| "season_and_weather": "Kharif to Rabi; tall upright shrubby growth, prolific yellow flowering, healthy green pods", |
| "economic_injury_level": "None", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Robust upright trifoliate foliage with healthy dark green canopy", |
| "Profuse flowering clusters with healthy flower buds free from webbing or webbing frass", |
| "Smooth, healthy green pods filling uniformly with seeds" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Maintain weed-free conditions during first 60 days; provide protective irrigation at pod filling"], |
| "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 2% DAP or Pulse Wonder @ 2 kg/acre at flower initiation to prevent bud drop"], |
| "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed. Conserve honeybees for essential pollination."] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Scout flower clusters weekly for early webbing caterpillar signs"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| "Urad_Moong___Yellow_Mosaic_Virus": { |
| "name": "Urad / Moong Yellow Mosaic Virus / MYMV (उड़द/मूंग का पीला मोजेक रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) vectored by Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)", |
| "crop": "Blackgram & Greengram (उड़द / मूंग)", |
| "category": "Viral", |
| "severity": "Critical", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "July to September (Kharif) & March to May (Zaid); hot humid weather favoring whitefly explosion", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of yellow mosaic patches on young trifoliate leaves", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Bright yellow patches alternating with green areas on leaves (classic golden-yellow mosaic pattern)", |
| "Yellow patches coalesce until the entire leaf turns brilliant golden-yellow", |
| "Leaves become small, puckered, leathery, and brittle; plants stunted with fewer flowers", |
| "Pods become small, curled upwards, and produce small shrivelled discoloured seeds" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": [ |
| "Rogue out and bury infected yellow plants during first 2-3 weeks to eliminate viral reservoir", |
| "Spray systemic insecticide immediately to control the whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci)" |
| ], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15-20 per acre at canopy level to trap flying whiteflies", |
| "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Vector control spray: Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Acetamiprid 20% SP @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)", |
| "Or Diafenthiuron 50% WP (Pegasus) @ 1.25g/L water (20g per 16L tank; 250g/acre)", |
| "Or Spiromesifen 22.9% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": [ |
| "Seed treatment with Thiamethoxam 30% FS (Cruiser) @ 4ml/kg seed or Imidacloprid 600 FS @ 5ml/kg", |
| "Grow MYMV-resistant varieties: Pant U-31, KU-96-3, Pratap Urad-1, Pusa Vishal, IPM 205-7 (Virat)" |
| ], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": True |
| }, |
| "Urad_Moong___Powdery_Mildew": { |
| "name": "Urad / Moong Powdery Mildew (उड़द/मूंग का सफेद चूर्णी रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Erysiphe polygoni", |
| "crop": "Blackgram & Greengram (उड़द / मूंग)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "October to November (late Kharif) and February (Rabi); dry cool weather with morning dew", |
| "economic_injury_level": "White powdery patches covering > 15% of foliage", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Small white circular powdery spots on upper leaf surfaces, rapidly spreading over stems and green pods", |
| "Entire leaf canopy covered in white flour-like fungal growth, turning dull greyish-brown later", |
| "Leaves turn chlorotic, dry up, curl, and shed prematurely, leaving bare stems with stunted pods" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Spray at first appearance of white dust patches on lower leaves"], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG (Sulfex) @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank; 600g/acre)", |
| "Apply raw milk + water solution (1:9 ratio) or baking soda solution @ 5g/L" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre)", |
| "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Early planting of summer moong/urad", "Plant resistant cultivars"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Urad_Moong___Cercospora_Leaf_Spot": { |
| "name": "Urad / Moong Cercospora Leaf Spot (उड़द/मूंग का सर्कोस्पोरा पत्ती धब्बा)", |
| "scientific_name": "Cercospora canescens & Cercospora cruenta", |
| "crop": "Blackgram & Greengram (उड़द / मूंग)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "Warm humid weather (Temp 25-30°C, RH > 85%) during flowering/podding", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Reddish-brown circular spots on foliage", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Circular to irregular spots with greyish-white center and defined reddish-brown border on leaves", |
| "Spots coalesce forming large necrotic patches that crack and drop out, creating 'shot-hole' appearance", |
| "Severe defoliation leading to premature leaf shedding and small shrivelled pods" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Spray upon initial leaf spotting before flowering"], |
| "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water", "Spray 5% NSKE @ 50ml/L"], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)", |
| "Or Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Seed treatment with Thiram + Carbendazim (1:1) @ 3g/kg seed", "Destruction of crop residues"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Urad_Moong___healthy": { |
| "name": "Healthy Urad & Moong (स्वस्थ उड़द एवं मूंग फसल)", |
| "scientific_name": "Vigna mungo & Vigna radiata (Optimal Pulse Health)", |
| "crop": "Blackgram & Greengram (उड़द / मूंग)", |
| "category": "Healthy", |
| "severity": "Healthy", |
| "is_healthy": True, |
| "season_and_weather": "All seasons; clean dark-green trifoliate leaves, healthy root nodules, uniform green pod bunches", |
| "economic_injury_level": "None", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Clean glossy green trifoliate foliage with zero yellow mosaic mottling or whitefly colonies", |
| "Prolific yellow flower clusters with clean developing pod bunches free from borer frass", |
| "Active nitrogen fixation with profuse pink Rhizobium nodules on roots" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Maintain weed-free plot during initial 30 days"], |
| "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of 2% DAP or Pulse Wonder @ 2 kg/acre at flowering"], |
| "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application required."] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Scout weekly for whitefly under leaf surfaces"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
|
|
| |
| |
| |
| "Lathyrus___Powdery_Mildew": { |
| "name": "Lathyrus / Tiwda Powdery Mildew (तिवड़ा का सफेद चूर्णी रोग)", |
| "scientific_name": "Erysiphe pisi", |
| "crop": "Lathyrus / Tiwda (तिवड़ा/केसरी)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "January to February; dry winter days, foggy mornings, common in relay/paira crop in CG paddy fallows", |
| "economic_injury_level": "White powdery coating over > 20% of lower foliage", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "White talcum-powder-like patches on leaves, stipules, and green pods of the tiwda vine", |
| "Patches coalesce covering entire plants in a white floury dust; leaves turn dull grey, yellow and dry up", |
| "Pods remain underdeveloped, small and poorly filled; significant reduction in forage and grain yield" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Spray lower foliage thoroughly where white powder starts"], |
| "organic_control": [ |
| "Dust sulfur powder @ 10 kg/acre in early morning while dew is present", |
| "Or spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank; 600g/acre)" |
| ], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water)", |
| "Or Propiconazole 25% EC (Tilt) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre)", |
| "Or Dinocap 48% EC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Grow low-ODAP and powdery mildew tolerant varieties: Prateek, Ratan, Mahatiwda (CG released)"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Lathyrus___Downy_Mildew": { |
| "name": "Lathyrus / Tiwda Downy Mildew (तिवड़ा का मृदुरोमिल आसिता)", |
| "scientific_name": "Peronospora lathyri", |
| "crop": "Lathyrus / Tiwda (तिवड़ा/केसरी)", |
| "category": "Fungal", |
| "severity": "Moderate", |
| "is_healthy": False, |
| "season_and_weather": "Cool, humid, foggy weather in December-January", |
| "economic_injury_level": "Purplish-grey downy growth under leaves", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Yellowish chlorotic patches on upper leaf surface corresponding to purplish-grey downy fungal growth on lower surface", |
| "Leaves curl, turn brown, and wither prematurely", |
| "Stunted vine growth and premature pod drop" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Spray immediately upon first appearance of downy growth"], |
| "organic_control": ["Spray Bordeaux mixture 1% or Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L"], |
| "chemical_control": [ |
| "Spray Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Ridomil Gold) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank)", |
| "Or Mancozeb 75% WP @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank)" |
| ] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Avoid dense broadcasting in waterlogged paddy stubbles"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| }, |
| "Lathyrus___healthy": { |
| "name": "Healthy Lathyrus / Tiwda (स्वस्थ तिवड़ा फसल)", |
| "scientific_name": "Lathyrus sativus (Optimal Relay Crop Vigor)", |
| "crop": "Lathyrus / Tiwda (तिवड़ा/केसरी)", |
| "category": "Healthy", |
| "severity": "Healthy", |
| "is_healthy": True, |
| "season_and_weather": "Rabi relay season in paddy fallows; lush spreading green tendril foliage, blue-purple flowers", |
| "economic_injury_level": "None", |
| "symptoms": [ |
| "Healthy spreading tendril-bearing foliage with vibrant green winged stems", |
| "Prolific blue, violet, and purple flowers with clean flat green pods", |
| "Strong root nodules fixing atmospheric nitrogen in residual paddy moisture" |
| ], |
| "treatment": { |
| "immediate_action": ["Protect from grazing; no pesticide application needed"], |
| "organic_control": ["No intervention required"], |
| "chemical_control": ["No chemical application needed."] |
| }, |
| "prevention": ["Use low-neurotoxin (ODAP) certified seeds (Prateek, Ratan)"], |
| "expert_consultation_recommended": False |
| } |
| } |
|
|
