Contexts stringlengths 0 32.3k | Questions stringlengths 14 191 | Answers stringlengths 6 29k ⌀ |
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| What are the symptoms of Proctitis ? | Tenesmusan uncomfortable and frequent urge to have a bowel movementis one of the most common symptoms of proctitis. Other symptoms may include
- bloody bowel movements - rectal bleeding - a feeling of rectal fullness - anal or rectal pain - crampy abdominal pain - rectal discharge of mucus or pus ... |
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| How to diagnose Proctitis ? | To diagnose proctitis, a health care provider will take a complete medical history and do a physical exam. The health care provider will ask the patient about symptoms, current and past medical conditions, family history, and sexual behavior that increases the risk of STD-induced proctitis. The physical exam will inclu... |
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| What are the treatments for Proctitis ? | Treatment of proctitis depends on its cause. The goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation, control symptoms, and eliminate infection, if it is present. Only a doctor can determine the cause of proctitis and the best course of treatment. With proper medical attention, proctitis can be successfully treated.
... |
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| What to do for Proctitis ? | Drinking plenty of fluids is important when diarrhea or frequent passage of loose or liquid stools occurs.
Avoiding caffeine and foods that are greasy, high in fiber, or sweet may lessen diarrhea symptoms. Some people also have problems digesting lactosethe sugar found in milk and milk productsduring o... |
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| What are the treatments for Proctitis ? | Proctitis that is not treated or does not respond to treatment may lead to complications, including
- severe bleeding and anemiaa condition in which red blood cells are fewer or smaller than normal, which means less oxygen is carried to the bodys cells - abscessespainful, swollen, pus-filled areas cau... |
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| How to prevent Proctitis ? | People who receive anal sex can avoid getting STD-related proctitis by having their partner use a condom. If anorectal trauma caused proctitis, stopping the activity that triggered inflammation often will stop the inflammation and prevent recurrence.
Other causes of proctitis cannot always be prevented... |
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| What to do for Proctitis ? | - Proctitis is inflammation of the lining of the rectum, the lower end of the large intestine leading to the anus. - Common causes of proctitis are sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), non-STD infections, anorectal trauma, ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease, radiation therapy, and antibiotic use. - Treatment of p... |
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| What is (are) Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia.
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolismthe way the body uses digested food for energy. The digestive tract breaks down carbohydratessugars and star... |
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| What is (are) Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | Prediabetes is when blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. Prediabetes means a person is at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes, as well as for heart disease and stroke. Many people with prediabetes develop type 2 diabetes within 10 years.
... |
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| How to diagnose Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | Blood tests are used to diagnosis diabetes and prediabetes because early in the disease type 2 diabetes may have no symptoms. All diabetes blood tests involve drawing blood at a health care providers office or commercial facility and sending the sample to a lab for analysis. Lab analysis of blood is needed to ensure te... |
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| How to diagnose Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | Health care providers test for gestational diabetes using the OGTT. Women may be tested during their first visit to the health care provider after becoming pregnant or between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy depending on their risk factors and symptoms. Women found to have diabetes at the first visit to the health care pro... |
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| How to prevent Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | A major research study, the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), proved that people with prediabetes were able to sharply reduce their risk of developing diabetes during the study by losing 5 to 7 percent of their body weight through dietary changes and increased physical activity.
Study participants fol... |
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| What are the treatments for Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | People can manage their diabetes with meal planning, physical activity, and if needed, medications. More information about taking care of type 1 or type 2 diabetes is provided in the NIDDK health topics:
- What I need to know about Diabetes Medicines - What I need to know about Eating and Diabetes - ... |
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| What to do for Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes ? | - Tests used for diagnosing diabetes and prediabetes include the A1C testfor type 2 diabetes and prediabetesthe fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Another blood test, the random plasma glucose (RPG) test, is sometimes used to diagnose diabetes when symptoms are present during... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Diarrhea ? | Diarrhea is frequent, loose, and watery bowel movements. Bowel movements, also called stools, are body wastes passed through the rectum and anus. Stools contain what is left after your digestive system absorbs nutrients and fluids from what you eat and drink. If your body does not absorb the fluids, or if your digestiv... |
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| What causes What I need to know about Diarrhea ? | Causes of diarrhea include
- bacteria from contaminated food or water - viruses that cause illnesses such as the flu - parasites, which are tiny organisms found in contaminated food or water - medicines such as antibiotics - problems digesting certain foods - diseases that affect the stomach, smal... |
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| What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Diarrhea ? | In addition to passing frequent, loose stools, other possible symptoms include
- cramps or pain in the abdomenthe area between the chest and hips - an urgent need to use the bathroom - loss of bowel control
You may feel sick to your stomach or become dehydrated. If a virus or bacteri... |
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| How to diagnose What I need to know about Diarrhea ? | To find the cause of diarrhea, the health care provider may
- perform a physical exam - ask about any medicines you are taking - test your stool or blood to look for bacteria, parasites, or other signs of disease or infection - ask you to stop eating certain foods to see whether your diarrhea goes a... |
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| What are the treatments for What I need to know about Diarrhea ? | Diarrhea is treated by replacing lost fluids, salts, and minerals to prevent dehydration.
Taking medicine to stop diarrhea can be helpful in some cases. Medicines you can buy over the counter without a prescription include loperamide (Imodium) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate). Stop ... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Diarrhea ? | To prevent dehydration when you have diarrhea, it is important to drink plenty of water, but you also need to drink fluids that contain sodium, chloride, and potassium.
- Adults should drink water, fruit juices, sports drinks, sodas without caffeine, and salty broths. - Children should drink oral rehy... |
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| How to prevent What I need to know about Diarrhea ? | Two types of diarrhea can be preventedrotavirus diarrhea and travelers diarrhea.
Rotavirus Diarrhea
Two vaccines, RotaTeq and Rotarix, protect against rotavirusa common virus that causes diarrhea in babies and children. RotaTeq is given to babies in three doses at 2, 4, and 6 months of... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Diarrhea ? | - Diarrhea is frequent, loose, and watery bowel movements. - Acute diarrhea is a common problem. It usually lasts only 1 or 2 days, but it may last longer. - Being dehydrated means your body does not have enough fluid to work properly. Dehydration can be serious, especially for children, older adults, and people with... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | Cirrhosis* is scarring of the liver. Scar tissue forms because of injury or long-term disease. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and blocks the normal flow of blood through the liver.
A healthy liver
- makes proteins - helps fight infections - cleans the blood - helps digest... |
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| What causes What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | Causes of cirrhosis include
- heavy alcohol use - some drugs, medicines, and harmful chemicals - infections - chronic hepatitis B, C, or Dviral infections that attack the liver - autoimmune hepatitis, which causes the bodys immune system to destroy liver cells - nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, w... |
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| What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | You may have no symptoms in the early stages of cirrhosis. As cirrhosis gets worse you may
- feel tired or weak - lose your appetite - feel sick to your stomach - lose weight - notice red, spider-shaped blood vessels under your skin
Cirrhosis can lead to other serious problems:
... |
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| How to diagnose What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | Your doctor will examine you and may perform
- blood tests to see whether your liver is working properly - imaging tests, which may show the size of your liver and show swelling or shrinkage - a liver biopsy, in which a doctor uses a needle to take a small piece of liver tissue to view with a micro... |
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| What are the treatments for What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | Once you have cirrhosis, nothing can make all the scar tissue go away. But treating the cause will keep cirrhosis from getting worse. For example, if cirrhosis is from heavy alcohol use, the treatment is to completely stop drinking alcohol. If cirrhosis is caused by hepatitis C, then the hepatitis C virus is treated wi... |
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| What are the treatments for What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | If too much scar tissue forms, your liver could fail. Then you will need a liver transplant. A liver transplant can return you to good health. For information about liver transplantation, see the booklet What I need to know about Liver Transplantation from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Dis... |
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| How to prevent What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | To prevent cirrhosis,
- see your doctor for treatment of your liver disease. Many of the causes of cirrhosis are treatable. Early treatment may prevent cirrhosis. - try to keep your weight in the normal range. Being overweight can make several liver diseases worse. - do not drink any alcohol. Alcoh... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Cirrhosis ? | - Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver. Scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue. - Some common causes of cirrhosis include heavy alcohol use, hepatitis infections, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. - In the early stages of cirrhosis, you may have no symptoms. As the disease gets worse, cirrhosis can cause serious... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | Hepatitis* A is a virus, or infection, that causes liver disease and inflammation of the liver. Viruses can cause sickness. For example, the flu is caused by a virus. People can pass viruses to each other.
Inflammation is swelling that occurs when tissues of the body become injured or infected. Inflamm... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | The liver is an organ that does many important things. You cannot live without a liver.
*See the Pronunciation Guide for tips on how to say the words in bold type.
The liver
- removes harmful chemicals from your blood - fights infection - helps digest food - stores ... |
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| Who is at risk for What I need to know about Hepatitis A? ? | Anyone can get hepatitis A, but those more likely to are people who
- travel to developing countries - live with someone who currently has an active hepatitis A infection - use illegal drugs, including noninjection drugs - have unprotected sex with an infected person - provide child care
... |
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| What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | Most people do not have any symptoms of hepatitis A. If symptoms of hepatitis A occur, they include
- feeling tired - muscle soreness - upset stomach - fever - loss of appetite - stomach pain - diarrhea - dark-yellow urine - light-colored stools - yellowish eyes and skin, called jaundice
... |
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| How to diagnose What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | A blood test will show if you have hepatitis A. Blood tests are done at a doctors office or outpatient facility. A blood sample is taken using a needle inserted into a vein in your arm or hand. The blood sample is sent to a lab to test for hepatitis A. |
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| What are the treatments for What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | Hepatitis A usually gets better in a few weeks without treatment. However, some people can have symptoms for up to 6 months. Your doctor may suggest medicines to help relieve your symptoms. Talk with your doctor before taking prescription and over-the-counter medicines.
See your doctor regularly to mak... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | If you have hepatitis A, you should do things to take care of yourself, including eating a healthy diet. Avoid drinking alcohol, which can harm the liver. Talk with your doctor before taking vitamins and other supplements. |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis A ? | - Hepatitis A is a virus, or infection, that causes inflammation of the liver. - Anyone can get hepatitis A, but some people are more likely to than others. - You could get hepatitis A through contact with an infected persons stool. - Most people do not have any symptoms of hepatitis A. - Children younger than age ... |
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| What are the treatments for Analgesic Nephropathy (Painkillers and the Kidneys) ? | If you have been taking analgesics regularly to control chronic pain, you may be advised to find new ways to treat your pain, such as behavior modification or relaxation techniques. Depending on how much your kidney function has declined, you may be advised to change your diet, limit the fluids you drink, or take medic... |
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| What is (are) Inguinal Hernia ? | An inguinal hernia happens when contents of the abdomenusually fat or part of the small intestinebulge through a weak area in the lower abdominal wall. The abdomen is the area between the chest and the hips. The area of the lower abdominal wall is also called the inguinal or groin region.
Two types of ... |
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| What is (are) Inguinal Hernia ? | The inguinal canal is a passage through the lower abdominal wall. People have two inguinal canalsone on each side of the lower abdomen. In males, the spermatic cords pass through the inguinal canals and connect to the testicles in the scrotumthe sac around the testicles. The spermatic cords contain blood vessels, nerve... |
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| What causes Inguinal Hernia ? | The cause of inguinal hernias depends on the type of inguinal hernia.
Indirect inguinal hernias. A defect in the abdominal wall that is present at birth causes an indirect inguinal hernia.
During the development of the fetus in the womb, the lining of the abdominal cavity forms and ext... |
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| What are the symptoms of Inguinal Hernia ? | The first sign of an inguinal hernia is a small bulge on one or, rarely, on both sides of the grointhe area just above the groin crease between the lower abdomen and the thigh. The bulge may increase in size over time and usually disappears when lying down.
Other signs and symptoms can include
... |
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| What are the complications of Inguinal Hernia ? | Inguinal hernias can cause the following complications:
- Incarceration. An incarcerated hernia happens when part of the fat or small intestine from inside the abdomen becomes stuck in the groin or scrotum and cannot go back into the abdomen. A health care provider is unable to massage the hernia back ... |
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| How to diagnose Inguinal Hernia ? | A health care provider diagnoses an inguinal hernia with
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - imaging tests, including x rays
Medical and family history. Taking a medical and family history may help a health care provider diagnose an inguinal hernia. Often the symptoms ... |
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| What are the treatments for Inguinal Hernia ? | Repair of an inguinal hernia via surgery is the only treatment for inguinal hernias and can prevent incarceration and strangulation. Health care providers recommend surgery for most people with inguinal hernias and especially for people with hernias that cause symptoms. Research suggests that men with hernias that caus... |
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| How to prevent Inguinal Hernia ? | People cannot prevent the weakness in the abdominal wall that causes indirect inguinal hernias. However, people may be able to prevent direct inguinal hernias by maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking.
People can keep inguinal hernias from getting worse or keep inguinal hernias from recurring aft... |
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| What to do for Inguinal Hernia ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing inguinal hernias. A person with an inguinal hernia may be able to prevent symptoms by eating high-fiber foods. Fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are high in fiber and may help prevent the constipation and straining that cause so... |
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| What to do for Inguinal Hernia ? | - An inguinal hernia happens when contents of the abdomenusually fat or part of the small intestinebulge through a weak area in the lower abdominal wall. - A defect in the abdominal wall that is present at birth causes an indirect inguinal hernia. - Direct inguinal hernias usually occur only in male adults as aging a... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | CKD usually takes a long time to develop and does not go away. In CKD, the kidneys continue to workjust not as well as they should. Wastes may build up so gradually that the body becomes used to having those wastes in the blood. Salts containing phosphorus and potassium may rise to unsafe levels, causing heart and bone... |
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| Who is at risk for Nutrition for Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults? ? | Millions of Americans are at risk for developing CKD because they have diabetes, high blood pressure, or both. High blood glucose levels put people with diabetes at risk for heart disease, stroke, amputation, and eye and kidney problems. People with high blood pressure are at risk for damaged blood vessels, including t... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | People with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes must choose foods carefully to control their blood glucose, the bodys main source of energy. Following a meal plan to keep blood glucose at a healthy level may prevent CKD from developing.
People with diabetes should talk with their health care provider abou... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | As blood pressure rises, the risk of damage to the arteries, heart, brain, and kidneys increases. Controlling blood pressure through healthy food choices and regular physical activity can delay or prevent the development of CKD.
Blood pressure is expressed as two numbers. The top number represents the ... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | MNT is the use of nutrition counseling by a registered dietitian to help promote a medical or health goal. A doctor may refer a patient to a registered dietitian to help with the patients food plan. Many insurance policies cover MNT when recommended by a doctor. Anyone who qualifies for Medicare can receive a benefit f... |
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| What to do for Nutrition for Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | - Controlling blood glucose and blood pressure through healthy food choices is an important step toward slowing or stopping the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). - The kidneys remove wastes and extra water from the blood and make urine. - Millions of Americans are at risk for developing CKD because they ha... |
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| What is (are) Peyronie's Disease ? | Peyronies disease is a disorder in which scar tissue, called a plaque, forms in the penisthe male organ used for urination and sex. The plaque builds up inside the tissues of a thick, elastic membrane called the tunica albuginea. The most common area for the plaque is on the top or bottom of the penis. As the plaque bu... |
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| What causes Peyronie's Disease ? | Medical experts do not know the exact cause of Peyronies disease. Many believe that Peyronies disease may be the result of
- acute injury to the penis - chronic, or repeated, injury to the penis - autoimmune diseasea disorder in which the bodys immune system attacks the bodys own cells and organs
... |
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| How many people are affected by Peyronie's Disease ? | Researchers estimate that Peyronies disease may affect 1 to 23 percent of men between 40 and 70 years of age.1 However, the actual occurrence of Peyronies disease may be higher due to mens embarrassment and health care providers limited reporting.1 The disease is rare in young men, although it has been reported in men ... |
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| What are the symptoms of Peyronie's Disease ? | The signs and symptoms of Peyronies disease may include
- hard lumps on one or more sides of the penis - pain during sexual intercourse or during an erection - a curve in the penis either with or without an erection - narrowing or shortening of the penis - ED
Symptoms of Peyronies ... |
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| What are the complications of Peyronie's Disease ? | Complications of Peyronies disease may include
- the inability to have sexual intercourse - ED - anxiety, or stress, about sexual abilities or the appearance of the penis - stress on a relationship with a sexual partner - problems fathering a child because intercourse is difficult |
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| How to diagnose Peyronie's Disease ? | A urologist diagnoses Peyronies disease based on
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - imaging tests
Medical and Family History
Taking a medical and family history is one of the first things a urologist may do to help diagnose Peyronies disease. He or sh... |
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| What are the treatments for Peyronie's Disease ? | A urologist may treat Peyronies disease with nonsurgical treatments or surgery.
The goal of treatment is to reduce pain and restore and maintain the ability to have intercourse. Men with small plaques, minimal penile curvature, no pain, and satisfactory sexual function may not need treatment until symp... |
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| How to prevent Peyronie's Disease ? | Researchers do not know how to prevent Peyronies disease. |
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| What to do for Peyronie's Disease ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing Peyronies disease. |
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| What to do for Peyronie's Disease ? | - Peyronies disease is a disorder in which scar tissue, called a plaque, forms in the penisthe male organ used for urination and sex. - Medical experts do not know the exact cause of Peyronies disease. Many believe that Peyronies disease may be the result of - acute injury to the penis - chronic, or repeated, ... |
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| What is (are) IgA Nephropathy ? | IgA nephropathy, also known as Bergers disease, is a kidney disease that occurs when IgA deposits build up in the kidneys, causing inflammation that damages kidney tissues. IgA is an antibodya protein made by the immune system to protect the body from foreign substances such as bacteria or viruses. Most people with IgA... |
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| What causes IgA Nephropathy ? | Scientists think that IgA nephropathy is an autoimmune kidney disease, meaning that the disease is due to the bodys immune system harming the kidneys.
People with IgA nephropathy have an increased blood level of IgA that contains less of a special sugar, galactose, than normal. This galactose-deficient... |
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| How many people are affected by IgA Nephropathy ? | IgA nephropathy is one of the most common kidney diseases, other than those caused by diabetes or high blood pressure.1
IgA nephropathy can occur at any age, although the first evidence of kidney disease most frequently appears when people are in their teens to late 30s.2 IgA nephropathy in the United ... |
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| What are the symptoms of IgA Nephropathy ? | In its early stages, IgA nephropathy may have no symptoms; it can be silent for years or even decades. Once symptoms appear, the most common one is hematuria, or blood in the urine. Hematuria can be a sign of damaged glomeruli. Blood in the urine may appear during or soon after a cold, sore throat, or other respiratory... |
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| What are the complications of IgA Nephropathy ? | Complications of IgA nephropathy include
- high blood pressure - acute kidney failuresudden and temporary loss of kidney function - chronic kidney failurereduced kidney function over a period of time - nephrotic syndromea collection of symptoms that indicate kidney damage; symptoms include albuminur... |
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| How to diagnose IgA Nephropathy ? | A health care provider diagnoses kidney disease with
- a medical and family history - a physical exam - urine tests - a blood test
Medical and Family History
Taking a medical and family history may help a health care provider diagnose kidney disease.
... |
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| How to diagnose IgA Nephropathy ? | Currently, health care providers do not use blood or urine tests as reliable ways to diagnose IgA nephropathy; therefore, the diagnosis of IgA nephropathy requires a kidney biopsy.
A kidney biopsy is a procedure that involves taking a small piece of kidney tissue for examination with a microscope. A he... |
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| What are the treatments for IgA Nephropathy ? | Researchers have not yet found a specific cure for IgA nephropathy. Once the kidneys are scarred, they cannot be repaired. Therefore, the ultimate goal of IgA nephropathy treatment is to prevent or delay end-stage kidney disease. A health care provider may prescribe medications to
- control a persons b... |
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| How to prevent IgA Nephropathy ? | Researchers have not found a way to prevent IgA nephropathy. People with a family history of IgA nephropathy should talk with their health care provider to find out what steps they can take to keep their kidneys healthy, such as controlling their blood pressure and keeping their blood cholesterol at healthy levels. |
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| What to do for IgA Nephropathy ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing IgA nephropathy. Health care providers may recommend that people with kidney disease, such as IgA nephropathy, make dietary changes such as
- limiting dietary sodium, often from salt, to help reduce edema a... |
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| What to do for IgA Nephropathy ? | - Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy, also known as Bergers disease, is a kidney disease that occurs when IgA deposits build up in the kidneys, causing inflammation that damages kidney tissues. - Scientists think that IgA nephropathy is an autoimmune kidney disease, meaning that the disease is due to the bodys immune ... |
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| What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronicor long lastingdisease in which the body's immune system attacks the normal components, or cells, of the liver and causes inflammation and liver damage. The immune system normally protects people from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmf... |
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| What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the body's immune system attacks the body's own cells and organs with proteins called autoantibodies; this process is called autoimmunity.
The body's immune system normally makes large numbers of proteins called antibodies to help the body fight off infections... |
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| What causes Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | A combination of autoimmunity, environmental triggers, and a genetic predisposition can lead to autoimmune hepatitis. |
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| What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Autoimmune hepatitis is classified into several types. Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis is the most common form in North America. Type 1 can occur at any age; however, it most often starts in adolescence or young adulthood. About 70 percent of people with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis are female.1
People with... |
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| What are the symptoms of Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | The most common symptoms of autoimmune hepatitis are
- fatigue - joint pain - nausea - loss of appetite - pain or discomfort over the liver - skin rashes - dark yellow urine - light-colored stools - jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes
Symptoms of autoimmun... |
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| How to diagnose Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | A health care provider will make a diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis based on symptoms, a physical exam, blood tests, and a liver biopsy.
A health care provider performs a physical exam and reviews the person's health history, including the use of alcohol and medications that can harm the liver. A pers... |
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| What are the treatments for Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Treatment for autoimmune hepatitis includes medication to suppress, or slow down, an overactive immune system. Treatment may also include a liver transplant.
Treatment works best when autoimmune hepatitis is diagnosed early. People with autoimmune hepatitis generally respond to standard treatment and t... |
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| What is (are) Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | People with autoimmune hepatitis and cirrhosis are at risk of developing liver cancer. A health care provider will monitor the person with a regular ultrasound examination of the liver. Ultrasound uses a device, called a transducer, that bounces safe, painless sound waves off organs to create an image of their structur... |
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| What to do for Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing autoimmune hepatitis. |
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| What to do for Autoimmune Hepatitis ? | - Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronicor long lastingdisease in which the body's immune system attacks the liver and causes inflammation and damage. - Autoimmune hepatitis is a serious condition that may worsen over time if not treated. Autoimmune hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. - Autoimmune hepatitis... |
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| What is (are) Wilson Disease ? | Wilson disease is a genetic disease that prevents the body from removing extra copper. The body needs a small amount of copper from food to stay healthy; however, too much copper is poisonous. Normally, the liver filters extra copper and releases it into bile. Bile is a fluid made by the liver that carries toxins and w... |
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| What is (are) Wilson Disease ? | The liver is the bodys largest internal organ. The liver is called the bodys metabolic factory because of the important role it plays in metabolismthe way cells change food into energy after food is digested and absorbed into the blood. The liver has many important functions, including
- taking up, sto... |
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| What causes Wilson Disease ? | Wilson disease is caused by an inherited autosomal recessive mutation, or change, in the ATP7B gene. In an autosomal recessive disease, the child has to inherit the gene mutation from both parents to have an increased likelihood for the disease. The chance of a child inheriting autosomal recessive mutations from both p... |
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| What are the symptoms of Wilson Disease ? | The signs and symptoms of Wilson disease vary, depending on what organs of the body are affected. Wilson disease is present at birth; however, the signs and symptoms of the disease do not appear until the copper builds up in the liver, the brain, or other organs.
When people have signs and symptoms, th... |
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| What are the complications of Wilson Disease ? | People who have Wilson disease that is not treated or diagnosed early can have serious complications, such as
- cirrhosisscarring of the liver - kidney damageas liver function decreases, the kidneys may be damaged - persistent nervous system problems when nervous system symptoms do not resolve - liv... |
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| How to diagnose Wilson Disease ? | A health care provider may use several tests and exams to diagnose Wilson disease, including the following:
- medical and family history - physical exam - blood tests - urine tests - liver biopsy - imaging tests
Health care providers typically see the same symptoms of Wilson disea... |
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| What are the treatments for Wilson Disease ? | A health care provider will treat Wilson disease with a lifelong effort to reduce and control the amount of copper in the body. Treatment may include
- medications - changes in eating, diet, and nutrition - a liver transplant
Medications
A health care provider will p... |
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| What to do for Wilson Disease ? | People with Wilson disease should reduce their dietary copper intake by avoiding foods that are high in copper, such as
- shellfish - liver - mushrooms - nuts - chocolate
People should not eat these foods during the initial treatment and talk with the health care provider to discus... |
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| How to prevent Wilson Disease ? | A person cannot prevent Wilson disease; however, people with a family history of Wilson disease, especially those with an affected sibling or parent, should talk with a health care provider about testing. A health care provider may be able to diagnose Wilson disease before symptoms appear. Early diagnosis and treatment... |
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| What to do for Wilson Disease ? | - Wilson disease is a genetic disease that prevents the body from removing extra copper. - Normally, the liver filters extra copper and releases it into bile. In Wilson disease, the liver does not filter copper correctly and copper builds up in the liver, brain, eyes, and other organs. - Wilson disease is caused by a... |
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| What is (are) Urinary Retention ? | Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely. Urinary retention can be acute or chronic. Acute urinary retention happens suddenly and lasts only a short time. People with acute urinary retention cannot urinate at all, even though they have a full bladder. Acute urinary retention, a potentially lif... |
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| What is (are) Urinary Retention ? | The urinary tract is the bodys drainage system for removing urine, which is composed of wastes and extra fluid. In order for normal urination to occur, all body parts in the urinary tract need to work together in the correct order.
Kidneys. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of... |
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| What causes Urinary Retention ? | Urinary retention can result from
- obstruction of the urethra - nerve problems - medications - weakened bladder muscles
Obstruction of the Urethra
Obstruction of the urethra causes urinary retention by blocking the normal urine flow out of the body. Conditions such... |
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| How many people are affected by Urinary Retention ? | Urinary retention in men becomes more common with age.
- In men 40 to 83 years old, the overall incidence of urinary retention is 4.5 to 6.8 per 1,000 men.2 - For men in their 70s, the overall incidence increases to 100 per 1,000 men.2 - For men in their 80s, the incidence of acute urinary retention ... |
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