Contexts stringlengths 0 32.3k | Questions stringlengths 14 191 | Answers stringlengths 6 29k ⌀ |
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| What are the symptoms of Urinary Retention ? | The symptoms of acute urinary retention may include the following and require immediate medical attention:
- inability to urinate - painful, urgent need to urinate - pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen - bloating of the lower abdomen
The symptoms of chronic urinary retention may... |
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| How to diagnose Urinary Retention ? | A health care provider diagnoses acute or chronic urinary retention with
- a physical exam - postvoid residual measurement
A health care provider may use the following medical tests to help determine the cause of urinary retention:
- cystoscopy - computerized tomogra... |
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| What are the treatments for Urinary Retention ? | A health care provider treats urinary retention with
- bladder drainage - urethral dilation - urethral stents - prostate medications - surgery
The type and length of treatment depend on the type and cause of urinary retention.
Bladder Drainage
Blad... |
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| What are the treatments for Urinary Retention ? | Complications of urinary retention and its treatments may include
- UTIs - bladder damage - kidney damage - urinary incontinence after prostate, tumor, or cancer surgery
UTIs. Urine is normally sterile, and the normal flow of urine usually prevents bacteria from infecting the urinar... |
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| How to prevent Urinary Retention ? | People can prevent urinary retention before it occurs by treating some of the potential causes. For example, men with benign prostatic hyperplasia should take prostate medications as prescribed by their health care provider. Men with benign prostatic hyperplasia should avoid medications associated with urinary retentio... |
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| What to do for Urinary Retention ? | Researchers have not found that eating, diet, and nutrition play a role in causing or preventing urinary retention. |
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| What to do for Urinary Retention ? | - Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder completely. - Urinary retention can be acute or chronic. - Urinary retention can result from - obstruction of the urethra - nerve problems - medications - weakened bladder muscles - The symptoms of acute urinary retention may include the follo... |
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| What is (are) Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Growth failure is a complication of CKD in which children do not grow as expected. When a child is below the third percentilemeaning 97 percent of children the same age and gender are tallerhe or she has growth failure.1 CKD is kidney disease that does not go away with treatment and tends to get worse over time.
... |
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| What is (are) Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the two kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine, composed of wastes and extra fluid. Children produce less urine than... |
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| What causes Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Researchers have found that many factors cause growth failure in children with CKD. In addition to removing wastes and extra fluid from the blood, the kidneys perform important functions for a childs growth. Understanding normal kidney function and growth helps families understand what causes growth failure in children... |
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| What are the treatments for Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Health care providers treat growth failure in children with CKD with
- changes in eating, diet, and nutrition - medications - growth hormone therapy
Most children with growth failure grow to about one-third of their adult height within the first two years of life; therefore, it is im... |
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| What to do for Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Children with CKD may lose their appetite or lack the energy to eat. To treat growth failure in children, a health care provider may recommend dietary changes, such as
- adding calcium. Children with CKD should get the recommended level of calcium for their age from their diet or from calcium supplemen... |
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| What to do for Growth Failure in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease ? | - Growth failure is a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in which children do not grow as expected. - Health care providers use charts to monitor the growth of children with CKD and look for signs of growth failure. - Researchers have found that many factors cause growth failure in children with CKD. - Hea... |
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| What is (are) Acromegaly ? | Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that results from too much growth hormone (GH) in the body. The pituitary, a small gland in the brain, makes GH. In acromegaly, the pituitary produces excessive amounts of GH. Usually the excess GH comes from benign, or noncancerous, tumors on the pituitary. These benign tumors are cal... |
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| What are the symptoms of Acromegaly ? | The name acromegaly comes from the Greek words for "extremities" and "enlargement," reflecting one of its most common symptomsthe abnormal growth of the hands and feet. Swelling of the hands and feet is often an early feature, with patients noticing a change in ring or shoe size, particularly shoe width. Gradually, bon... |
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| What causes Acromegaly ? | Acromegaly is caused by prolonged overproduction of GH by the pituitary gland. The pituitary produces several important hormones that control body functions such as growth and development, reproduction, and metabolism. But hormones never seem to act simply and directly. They usually "cascade" or flow in a series, affec... |
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| How many people are affected by Acromegaly ? | Small pituitary adenomas are common, affecting about 17 percent of the population.1 However, research suggests most of these tumors do not cause symptoms and rarely produce excess GH.2 Scientists estimate that three to four out of every million people develop acromegaly each year and about 60 out of every million peopl... |
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| How to diagnose Acromegaly ? | Blood tests
If acromegaly is suspected, a doctor must measure the GH level in a persons blood to determine if it is elevated. However, a single measurement of an elevated blood GH level is not enough to diagnose acromegaly: Because GH is secreted by the pituitary in impulses, or spurts, its concentrati... |
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| What are the treatments for Acromegaly ? | Currently, treatment options include surgical removal of the tumor, medical therapy, and radiation therapy of the pituitary.
Goals of treatment are to
- reduce excess hormone production to normal levels - relieve the pressure that the growing pituitary tumor may be exerting on the sur... |
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| What are the treatments for Acromegaly ? | Currently, treatment options include surgical removal of the tumor, medical therapy, and radiation therapy of the pituitary.
Goals of treatment are to
- reduce excess hormone production to normal levels - relieve the pressure that the growing pituitary tumor may be exerting on the sur... |
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| What are the treatments for Acromegaly ? | No single treatment is effective for all patients. Treatment should be individualized, and often combined, depending on patient characteristics such as age and tumor size.
If the tumor has not yet invaded surrounding nonpituitary tissues, removal of the pituitary adenoma by an experienced neurosurgeon ... |
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| What to do for Acromegaly ? | - Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that results from too much growth hormone (GH) in the body. - In most people with acromegaly, a benign tumor of the pituitary gland produces excess GH. - Common features of acromegaly include abnormal growth of the hands and feet; bone growth in the face that leads to a protruding ... |
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| What is (are) Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Anemia is a condition in which the body has fewer red blood cells than normal. Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues and organs throughout the body and enable them to use energy from food. With anemia, red blood cells carry less oxygen to tissues and organsparticularly the heart and brainand those tissues and organs ... |
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| What is (are) Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. Every day, the kidneys filter about 120 to 150 quarts of blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine.
Healthy kidneys produce a hormone called erythropoietin... |
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| What causes Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | When kidneys are diseased or damaged, they do not make enough EPO. As a result, the bone marrow makes fewer red blood cells, causing anemia. When blood has fewer red blood cells, it deprives the body of the oxygen it needs.
Other common causes of anemia in people with kidney disease include blood loss ... |
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| What are the symptoms of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | The signs and symptoms of anemia in someone with CKD may include
- weakness - fatigue, or feeling tired - headaches - problems with concentration - paleness - dizziness - difficulty breathing or shortness of breath - chest pain
Anyone having difficulty breathing or with shortnes... |
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| What are the complications of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Heart problems are a complication of anemia and may include
- an irregular heartbeat or an unusually fast heartbeat, especially when exercising. - the harmful enlargement of muscles in the heart. - heart failure, which does not mean the heart suddenly stops working. Instead, heart failure is a long-l... |
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| How to diagnose Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider diagnoses anemia based on
- a medical history - a physical exam - blood tests
Medical History
Taking a medical history is one of the first things a health care provider may do to diagnose anemia. He or she will usually ask about the patients sy... |
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| What are the treatments for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | Depending on the cause, a health care provider treats anemia with one or more of the following treatments:
Iron
The first step in treating anemia is raising low iron levels. Iron pills may help improve iron and hemoglobin levels. However, for patients on hemodialysis, many studies show... |
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| What to do for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider may advise people with kidney disease who have anemia caused by iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid deficiencies to include sources of these nutrients in their diets. Some of these foods are high in sodium or phosphorus, which people with CKD should limit in their diet. Before making any dietary cha... |
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| What to do for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | - Anemia is a condition in which the body has fewer red blood cells than normal. Red blood cells carry oxygen to tissues and organs throughout the body and enable them to use energy from food. - Anemia commonly occurs in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD)the permanent, partial loss of kidney function. Most peopl... |
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| What is (are) Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease ? | You and your doctor will work together to choose a treatment that's best for you. The publications of the NIDDK Kidney Failure Series can help you learn about the specific issues you will face.
Booklets
- Treatment Methods for Kidney Failure: Hemodialysis - Treatment Methods for Kidne... |
In this section:
Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What is (are) Causes of Diabetes ? | Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia.
Diabetes is a disorder of metabolismthe way the body uses digested food for energy. The digestive tract breaks down carbohydratessugars and star... |
In this section:
Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Type 1 diabetes is caused by a lack of insulin due to the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. In type 1 diabetesan autoimmune diseasethe bodys immune system attacks and destroys the beta cells. Normally, the immune system protects the body from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, ... |
In this section:
Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Type 2 diabetesthe most common form of diabetesis caused by a combination of factors, including insulin resistance, a condition in which the bodys muscle, fat, and liver cells do not use insulin effectively. Type 2 diabetes develops when the body can no longer produce enough insulin to compensate for the impaired abili... |
In this section:
Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Dysfunction
Hormones produced by the placenta and other pregnancy-related factors contribute to insulin resistance, which occurs in all women during late pregnancy. Insulin resistance increases the amount of insulin needed to control blood glucose levels. If the pancrea... |
In this section:
Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action
Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher... |
In this section:
Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What causes Causes of Diabetes ? | Other types of diabetes have a variety of possible causes.
Genetic Mutations Affecting Beta Cells, Insulin, and Insulin Action
Some relatively uncommon forms of diabetes known as monogenic diabetes are caused by mutations, or changes, in a single gene. These mutations are usually inher... |
In this section:
Symptoms of diabetes include Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can start quickly, in a matter of weeks. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes often develop slowly—over the course of several years—and can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Many people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. Some people do... | What to do for Causes of Diabetes ? | - Diabetes is a complex group of diseases with a variety of causes. Scientists believe genes and environmental factors interact to cause diabetes in most cases. - People with diabetes have high blood glucose, also called high blood sugar or hyperglycemia. Diabetes develops when the body doesnt make enough insulin or i... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Gas ? | Gas is air in the digestive tract. Gas leaves the body when people burp through the mouth or pass gas through the anus*the opening at the end of the digestive tract where stool leaves the body.
Everyone has gas. Burping and passing gas are normal. Many people believe that they burp or pass gas too ofte... |
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| What causes What I need to know about Gas ? | Gas in the digestive tract is usually caused by swallowing air and the breakdown of certain foods in the large intestine.
*See the Pronunciation Guide for tips on how to say the underlined words.
You typically swallow a small amount of air when you eat and drink. You swallow more air w... |
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| What causes What I need to know about Gas ? | Most foods that contain carbohydrates can cause gas. Foods that cause gas for one person may not cause gas for someone else. Some foods that contain carbohydrates and may cause gas are
- beans - vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, brussels sprouts, onions, mushrooms, artichokes, and asp... |
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| What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Gas ? | The most common symptoms of gas are:
- Burping. Burping once in awhile, especially during and after meals, is normal. If you burp very often, you may be swallowing too much air. Some people with digestive problems swallow air on purpose and burp because they believe it will help them feel better. - Pa... |
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| What causes What I need to know about Gas ? | You can try to find the cause of gas by keeping a diary of what you eat and drink and how often you burp, pass gas, or have other symptoms. The diary may help you identify the foods that cause you to have gas.
Talk with your health care provider if
- gas symptoms often bother you - yo... |
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| What are the treatments for What I need to know about Gas ? | You can try to treat gas on your own, before seeing your health care provider, if you think you have too much.
Swallowing less air and changing what you eat can help prevent or reduce gas. Try the following tips:
- Eat more slowly. - If you smoke, quit or cut down. - If you wear dent... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Gas ? | Your eating habits and diet affect the amount of gas you have. For example, eating and drinking too fast can cause you to swallow more air. And you may have more gas after you eat certain carbohydrates.
Track what you eat and your gas symptoms to find out what foods cause you to have more gas. Avoid or... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Gas ? | - Gas is air in the digestive tract. - Everyone has gas. Burping and passing gas are normal. - Gas in the digestive tract is usually caused by swallowing air and the breakdown of certain foods in the large intestine. - Most foods that contain carbohydrates can cause gas. - Foods that cause gas for one person may no... |
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| What is (are) Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | Acquired cystic kidney disease happens when a person's kidneys develop fluid-filled sacs, called cysts, over time. Acquired cystic kidney disease is not the same as polycystic kidney disease (PKD), another disease that causes the kidneys to develop multiple cysts.
Acquired cystic kidney disease occurs ... |
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| What is (are) Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | Acquired cystic kidney disease differs from PKD in several ways. Unlike acquired cystic kidney disease, PKD is a genetic, or inherited, disorder that can cause complications such as high blood pressure and problems with blood vessels in the brain and heart.
The following chart lists the differences:
... |
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| How many people are affected by Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | Acquired cystic kidney disease becomes more common the longer a person has CKD.
- About 7 to 22 percent of people with CKD already have acquired cystic kidney disease before starting dialysis treatments. - Almost 60 percent of people on dialysis for 2 to 4 years develop acquired cystic kidney disease.... |
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| What causes Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | Researchers do not fully understand what causes cysts to grow in the kidneys of people with CKD. The fact that these cysts occur only in the kidneys and not in other parts of the body, as in PKD, indicates that the processes that lead to cyst formation take place primarily inside the kidneys.2 |
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| What are the symptoms of Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | A person with acquired cystic kidney disease often has no symptoms. However, the complications of acquired cystic kidney disease can have signs and symptoms. |
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| What are the complications of Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | People with acquired cystic kidney disease may develop the following complications:
- an infected cyst, which can cause fever and back pain. - blood in the urine, which can signal that a cyst in the kidney is bleeding. - tumors in the kidneys. People with acquired cystic kidney disease are more likel... |
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| How to diagnose Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | A health care provider may diagnose a person with acquired cystic kidney disease based on
- medical history - imaging tests
Medical History
Taking a medical history may help a health care provider diagnose acquired cystic kidney disease. A health care provider may sus... |
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| What are the treatments for Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | If acquired cystic kidney disease is not causing complications, a person does not need treatment. A health care provider will treat infections with antibioticsmedications that kill bacteria. If large cysts are causing pain, a health care provider may drain the cyst using a long needle inserted into the cyst through the... |
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| What to do for Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | No specific diet will prevent or delay acquired cystic kidney disease. In general, a diet designed for people on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis reduces the amount of wastes that accumulate in the body between dialysis sessions.
More information is provided in the NIDDK health topics, Eat Right to ... |
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| What to do for Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease ? | - Acquired cystic kidney disease happens when a person's kidneys develop fluid-filled sacs, called cysts, over time. - Acquired cystic kidney disease occurs in children and adults who have - chronic kidney disease (CKD) - end-stage kidney disease (ESRD) - People with acquired cystic kidney disease may devel... |
On this page: Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, is when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body’s needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. Thyroid hormones control the way your body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in ... | What is (are) Hypothyroidism ? | Hypothyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone to meet the bodys needs. Thyroid hormone regulates metabolismthe way the body uses energyand affects nearly every organ in the body. Without enough thyroid hormone, many of the bodys functions slow down. About 4.6 perce... |
On this page: Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, is when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body’s needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. Thyroid hormones control the way your body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in ... | What is (are) Hypothyroidism ? | The thyroid is a 2-inch-long, butterfly-shaped gland weighing less than 1 ounce. Located in the front of the neck below the larynx, or voice box, it has two lobes, one on each side of the windpipe. The thyroid is one of the glands that make up the endocrine system. The glands of the endocrine system produce and store h... |
On this page: Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, is when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body’s needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. Thyroid hormones control the way your body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in ... | What causes Hypothyroidism ? | Hypothyroidism has several causes, including
- Hashimotos disease - thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid - congenital hypothyroidism, or hypothyroidism that is present at birth - surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid - radiation treatment of the thyroid - some medications
... |
On this page: Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, is when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body’s needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. Thyroid hormones control the way your body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in ... | What are the symptoms of Hypothyroidism ? | Hypothyroidism has many symptoms that can vary from person to person. Some common symptoms of hypothyroidism are
- fatigue - weight gain - a puffy face - cold intolerance - joint and muscle pain - constipation - dry skin - dry, thinning hair - decreased sweating - heavy or irregular menstrual ... |
On this page: Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, is when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body’s needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. Thyroid hormones control the way your body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in ... | How to diagnose Hypothyroidism ? | Many symptoms of hypothyroidism are the same as those of other diseases, so hypothyroidism usually cannot be diagnosed based on symptoms alone. With suspected hypothyroidism, health care providers take a medical history and perform a thorough physical examination. Health care providers may then use several blood tests ... |
On this page: Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, is when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body’s needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. Thyroid hormones control the way your body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in ... | What are the treatments for Hypothyroidism ? | Health care providers treat hypothyroidism with synthetic thyroxine, a medication that is identical to the hormone T4. The exact dose will depend on the patients age and weight, the severity of the hypothyroidism, the presence of other health problems, and whether the person is taking other drugs that might interfere w... |
On this page: Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, is when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body’s needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. Thyroid hormones control the way your body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in ... | What to do for Hypothyroidism ? | Experts recommend that people eat a balanced diet to obtain most nutrients. More information about diet and nutrition can be found on the National Agricultural Library website at www.nutrition.gov.
Dietary Supplements
Iodine is an essential mineral for the thyroid. However, people with... |
On this page: Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, is when the thyroid gland doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones to meet your body’s needs. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. Thyroid hormones control the way your body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in ... | What to do for Hypothyroidism ? | - Hypothyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone to meet the bodys needs. Thyroid hormone regulates metabolism. Without enough thyroid hormone, many of the bodys functions slow down. - Hypothyroidism has several causes, including - Hashimotos disease - thyr... |
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| What is (are) Indigestion ? | Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a term used to describe one or more symptoms including a feeling of fullness during a meal, uncomfortable fullness after a meal, and burning or pain in the upper abdomen.
Indigestion is common in adults and can occur once in a while or as often as every day. |
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| What causes Indigestion ? | Indigestion can be caused by a condition in the digestive tract such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, cancer, or abnormality of the pancreas or bile ducts. If the condition improves or resolves, the symptoms of indigestion usually improve.
Sometimes a person has indigest... |
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| What are the symptoms of Indigestion ? | Most people with indigestion experience more than one of the following symptoms:
- Fullness during a meal. The person feels overly full soon after the meal starts and cannot finish the meal. - Bothersome fullness after a meal. The person feels overly full after a mealit may feel like the food is stayi... |
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| How to diagnose Indigestion ? | To diagnose indigestion, the doctor asks about the person's current symptoms and medical history and performs a physical examination. The doctor may order x rays of the stomach and small intestine.
The doctor may perform blood, breath, or stool tests if the type of bacteria that causes peptic ulcer dis... |
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| What are the treatments for Indigestion ? | Some people may experience relief from symptoms of indigestion by
- eating several small, low-fat meals throughout the day at a slow pace - refraining from smoking - abstaining from consuming coffee, carbonated beverages, and alcohol - stopping use of medications that may irritate the stomach lining... |
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| What to do for Indigestion ? | - Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a term used to describe one or more symptoms including a feeling of fullness during a meal, uncomfortable fullness after a meal, and burning or pain in the upper abdomen. - Indigestion can be caused by a condition in the digestive tract such as gastroesophageal reflux disease... |
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| How to diagnose Treatment Methods for Kidney Failure: Hemodialysis ? | About once a month, your dialysis care team will test your blood by using one of two formulasURR or Kt/Vto see whether your treatments are removing enough wastes. Both tests look at one specific waste product, called blood urea nitrogen (BUN), as an indicator for the overall level of waste products in your system. For ... |
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| What are the treatments for Treatment Methods for Kidney Failure: Hemodialysis ? | Your kidneys do much more than remove wastes and extra fluid. They also make hormones and balance chemicals in your system. When your kidneys stop working, you may have problems with anemia and conditions that affect your bones, nerves, and skin. Some of the more common conditions caused by kidney failure are extreme t... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Physical Activity and Diabetes ? | - Starting a physical activity program can help you lose weight or keep a healthy weight and keep your blood glucose levels on target. - Always talk with your health care team before you start a new physical activity program. - Ask your health care team if you need to change the amount of medicine you take or the foo... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | Hepatitis* C is a virus, or infection, that causes liver disease and inflammation of the liver. Viruses can cause sickness. For example, the flu is caused by a virus. People can pass viruses to each other.
Inflammation is swelling that occurs when tissues of the body become injured or infected. Inflamm... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | The liver is an organ that does many important things. You cannot live without a liver.
*See the Pronunciation Guide for tips on how to say the words in bold type.
The liver
- removes harmful chemicals from your blood - fights infection - helps digest food - stores ... |
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| Who is at risk for What I need to know about Hepatitis C? ? | Anyone can get hepatitis C, but those more likely to are people who
- were born to a mother with hepatitis C - are in contact with blood or infected needles at work - have had more than one sex partner in the last 6 months or have a history of sexually transmitted disease - are on kidney dialysisthe... |
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| What are the symptoms of What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | Most people do not have any symptoms until the hepatitis C virus causes liver damage, which can take 10 or more years to happen. Others may have one or more of the following symptoms:
- feeling tired - muscle soreness - upset stomach - stomach pain - fever - loss of appetite - diarrhea - dark-ye... |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | Acute hepatitis C is a short-term infection with the hepatitis C virus. Symptoms can last up to 6 months. The infection sometimes clears up because your body is able to fight off the infection and get rid of the virus. |
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| What is (are) What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | Chronic hepatitis C is a long-lasting infection with the hepatitis C virus. Chronic hepatitis C occurs when the body cant get rid of the hepatitis C virus. Most hepatitis C infections become chronic.
Without treatment, chronic hepatitis C can cause liver cancer or severe liver damage that leads to live... |
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| How to diagnose What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | A blood test will show if you have hepatitis C. Blood tests are done at a doctors office or outpatient facility. A blood sample is taken using a needle inserted into a vein in your arm or hand. The blood sample is sent to a lab to test for hepatitis C.
If you are at higher risk of getting hepatitis C, ... |
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| What are the treatments for What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | Hepatitis C is usually not treated unless it becomes chronic. Chronic hepatitis C is treated with medicines that slow or stop the virus from damaging the liver. Your doctor will closely watch your symptoms and schedule regular blood tests to make sure the treatment is working.
Medicines for Chronic Hep... |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | If you have chronic hepatitis C, you should do things to take care of yourself, including eating a healthy diet. Avoid drinking alcohol, which can harm the liver. Talk with your doctor before taking vitamins and other supplements. |
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| What to do for What I need to know about Hepatitis C ? | - Hepatitis C is a virus, or infection, that causes inflammation of the liver. - Anyone can get hepatitis C, but some people are more likely to than others. - You could get hepatitis C through contact with an infected persons blood. - Most people do not have any symptoms until the hepatitis C virus causes liver dama... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | CKD usually takes a long time to develop and does not go away. In CKD, the kidneys continue to workjust not as well as they should. Wastes may build up so gradually that the body becomes used to having those wastes in the blood. Salts containing phosphorus and potassium may rise to unsafe levels, causing heart and bone... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | MNT is the use of nutrition counseling by a registered dietitian to help promote a medical or health goal. A health care provider may refer a patient to a registered dietitian to help with the patient's food plan. Many insurance policies cover MNT when recommended by a health care provider. Anyone who qualifies for Med... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | As CKD progresses, people often lose their appetites because they find that foods do not taste the same. As a result, they consume fewer caloriesimportant units of energy in foodand may lose too much weight. Renal dietitians can help people with advanced CKD find healthy ways to add calories to their diet if they are l... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | Protein is an essential part of any diet. Proteins help build and maintain muscle, bone, skin, connective tissue, internal organs, and blood. They help fight disease and heal wounds. But proteins also break down into waste products that must be removed from the blood by the kidneys. Eating more protein than the body ne... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | Most peoplewith or without CKDcan get the daily protein they need by eating two 3-ounce servings of meat or meat substitute. A 3-ounce serving of meat is about the size of a deck of cards or the palm of a persons hand.
A renal dietitian can help people learn about the amount and sources of protein in t... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | Everyone should know about fat sources because eating the wrong kinds of fat and too much fat increases the risk of clogged blood vessels and heart problems. Fat provides energy, helps produce hormonelike substances that regulate blood pressure and other heart functions, and carries fat-soluble vitamins. Everyone needs... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | Too much sodium in a person's diet can be harmful because it causes blood to hold fluid. People with CKD need to be careful not to let too much fluid build up in their bodies. The extra fluid raises blood pressure and puts a strain on the heart and kidneys. A dietitian can help people find ways to reduce the amount of ... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | Keeping the proper level of potassium in the blood is essential. Potassium keeps the heart beating regularly and muscles working right. Problems can occur when blood potassium levels are either too low or too high. Damaged kidneys allow potassium to build up in the blood, causing serious heart problems. Potassium is fo... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | Damaged kidneys allow phosphorus, a mineral found in many foods, to build up in the blood. Too much phosphorus in the blood pulls calcium from the bones, making the bones weak and likely to break. Too much phosphorus may also make skin itch. Foods such as milk and cheese, dried beans, peas, colas, canned iced teas and ... |
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| What to do for Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | - A person may prevent or delay some health problems from chronic kidney disease (CKD) by eating the right foods and avoiding foods high in sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. - The kidneys remove wastes and extra water from the blood and make urine. - Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is the use of counseling by a regi... |
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| What is (are) Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults ? | The NIDDK Nutrition for Chronic Kidney Disease Series includes three fact sheets:
- Nutrition for Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults - Nutrition for Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults - Nutrition for Chronic Kidney Disease in Children |
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| What is (are) Renal Tubular Acidosis ? | Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disease that occurs when the kidneys fail to excrete acids into the urine, which causes a person's blood to remain too acidic. Without proper treatment, chronic acidity of the blood leads to growth retardation, kidney stones, bone disease, chronic kidney disease, and possibly total kid... |
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| What is (are) Renal Tubular Acidosis ? | Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a disease that occurs when the kidneys fail to excrete acids into the urine, which causes a person's blood to remain too acidic. Without proper treatment, chronic acidity of the blood leads to growth retardation, kidney stones, bone disease, chronic kidney disease, and possibly total kid... |
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| How to diagnose Renal Tubular Acidosis ? | To diagnose RTA, doctors check the acid-base balance in blood and urine samples. If the blood is more acidic than it should be and the urine less acidic than it should be, RTA may be the reason, but additional information is needed to rule out other causes. If RTA is the reason, additional information about the sodium,... |
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| How to diagnose Renal Tubular Acidosis ? | To diagnose RTA, doctors check the acid-base balance in blood and urine samples. If the blood is more acidic than it should be and the urine less acidic than it should be, RTA may be the reason, but additional information is needed to rule out other causes. If RTA is the reason, additional information about the sodium,... |
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| What is (are) Renal Tubular Acidosis ? | Type 1: Classical Distal RTA
Type 1 is also called classical distal RTA. "Distal," which means distant, refers to the point in the urine-forming tube of the kidney where the defect occursrelatively distant from the point where fluid from the blood enters the tiny tube, or tubule, that collects fluid an... |
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