id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_11600 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On December 20, 2012, EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson signed final revisions to EPA's 2011 Maximum Achievable Control Technology standards for boilers (the "Boiler MACT"). The Boiler MACT has been among the most controversial EPA regulations over the last three years, because of its wide reach and potential economic imp... | [
"This report provides information concerning EPA's Maximum Achievable Control Technology standards for boilers (the Boiler MACT), an EPA rule designed to reduce emissions of hazardous air pollutants, and three related rules. The related rules set standards for small boilers (\"area sources\") and boilers that use s... |
train_11601 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report compares the People's Republic of China's (PRC) and U.S. projections of global influence, with an emphasis on non-coercive means or "soft power," and suggests ways to think about U.S. foreign policy options in light of China's emergence. Part One discusses U.S. foreign policy interests, China's rising influ... | [
"In the past decade, China's \"soft power\"—global influence attained through diplomatic, economic, cultural, and other non-coercive means—has grown along with its international standing. Despite this development, the United States remains the preeminent global force in many areas of soft power. The United States e... |
train_11602 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For FY1999, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) requested total funding of approximately $43 billion, a 1% increase over the FY1998 enacted level of $39 billion. The FY1999budget request for the DOT was similar in many respects to the FY1998 appropriation. There are many "macro" issues or factors that are influ... | [
"Funding for Department of Transportation programs was contained in thePresident's budget submission, issued in February, 1998. For FY1999, the U.S.Department of Transportation (DOT) requested total funding of $43.3 billion, a 1%increase over the FY1998 enacted level of $42.8 billion. Hearings on the budgetrequest ... |
train_11603 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Spending programs and tax expenditures are the two primary ways that the federal government provides benefits to the public. Though each type of intervention represents a transfer from the government to individuals and firms, differences in the budget process, saliency, and targeting may have ramifications for usage ac... | [
"Spending programs and tax expenditures are the two primary ways that the federal government provides benefits to the public. Though each type of intervention increases net budget deficits, differences in the budget process, saliency, and targeting of each may have ramifications for usage across different types of ... |
train_11604 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2009 and 2011, the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) announced initiatives to close post offices. Approximately 4,380 retail facilities in rural, suburban, and urban areas could have been closed. In May 2012, the agency apparently changed course. The USPS issued a plan to "preserve" rural post offices; rather than closing ... | [
"Colloquially, the term \"post office\" often is employed to refer to any place where stamps are sold and postal services are provided by USPS employees. Post offices, branches, stations, community and contract post offices all offer to the public a range of postal services. They are where many individuals go to bu... |
train_11605 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Four major principles underlie current U.S. policy on permanent immigration: the reunification of families, the admission of immigrants with needed skills, the protection of refugees, and the diversity of admissions by country of origin. These principles are embodied in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). The IN... | [
"Four major principles currently underlie U.S. policy on legal permanent immigration: the reunification of families, the admission of immigrants with needed skills, the protection of refugees, and the diversity of admissions by country of origin. These principles are embodied in federal law, the Immigration and Nat... |
train_11606 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Moving to Work (MTW) demonstration program was created by Congress in 1996 to give the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and local Public Housing Authorities (PHAs) the flexibility to test alternative policies for providing housing assistance through the nation's two largest housing assistance ... | [
"The Moving to Work (MTW) demonstration program was created by Congress in 1996 to give the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and local Public Housing Authorities (PHAs) the flexibility to test alternative policies for providing housing assistance through the nation's two largest housing assist... |
train_11607 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Treasury, the Executive Office of the President (EOP), the judiciary, the District of Columbia, and more than two dozen independent agencies. The House and Senate FSGG bills fund the same agencies, with o... | [
"T he Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Treasury (Title I), the Executive Office of the President (EOP; Title II), the judiciary (Title III), the District of Columbia (Title IV), and more than two dozen independent agencies (Title V). The... |
train_11608 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Major changes in Burma's political situation since 2016 have raised questions among some Members of Congress concerning the appropriateness of U.S. policy in Burma in general, and the current restrictions on relations with Burma (Myanmar) in particular. During the 115th Congress, two bills were introduced—the Burma Uni... | [
"Between 1989 and 2008, Congress passed several laws placing political and economic sanctions on Burma's military junta as part of a policy to identify individuals responsible for repression in Burma and hold them accountable for their actions, foster the reestablishment of a democratically elected civilian governm... |
train_11609 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Senate Rule XXVI spells out specific requirements for Senate committee procedures. In addition, each Senate committee is required to adopt rules that govern its organization and operation. Those committee rules then elaborate, within Senate rules, how the committee will handle its business. Rules adopted by a committee... | [
"Senate Rule XXVI spells out specific requirements for Senate committee procedures. In addition, each Senate committee is required to adopt rules that govern its organization and operation. Those committee rules then elaborate, within Senate rules, how the committee will handle questions of order and procedure. A c... |
train_11610 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On January 23, 1973, 87 years after the first legislative proposal to use an automated system to record votes was introduced, the House of Representatives used its electronic voting system for the first time. The concept of automated voting dates back even farther to 1869, when Thomas Edison filed a patent for a vote r... | [
"As part of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970, the House of Representatives authorized an electronic means for recording floor votes. The language in the 1970 act, however, was not the first legislative proposal to allow the use of an automated voting system in the House. Between 1886 and 1970, 51 bills an... |
train_11611 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | According to the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy, the intentional use of prescription drugs for non-medical purposes is the fastest-growing drug problem in the country and the second-most common form of illicit drug abuse among teenagers in the United States, behind marijuana use. Young adults and te... | [
"Prescription drug abuse is the second-most common form of illicit drug abuse among teenagers in the United States, trailing only marijuana use. The director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), R. Gil Kerlikowske, has called prescription drug abuse \"the fastest-growing drug problem i... |
train_11612 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Department of Defense (DOD) fuel consumption varies from year to year in response to changes in mission and the tempo of operations. DOD may consume upwards of 1% of the petroleum products refined in the United States annually. Petroleum products purchased and consumed overseas may double DOD's consumption. The majorit... | [
"Department of Defense (DOD) fuel consumption varies from year to year in response to changes in mission and the tempo of operations. DOD may consume upwards of 1% of the petroleum products annually refined in the United States. Foreign purchased petroleum products may double DOD's consumption. The Defense Energy S... |
train_11613 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In response to concerns over the adequacy of retirement savings, Congress has created incentives to encourage individuals to save more for retirement through a variety of retirement plans. Some retirement plans are employer-sponsored, such as 401(k) plans, and others are established by individual employees, such as Ind... | [
"Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) are tax-advantaged accounts that individuals (or married couples) can establish to accumulate funds for retirement. Depending on the type of IRA, contributions may be made on a pretax or post-tax basis, and investment earnings are either tax-deferred or tax-free. IRAs were fir... |
train_11614 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | There are four common types of excise taxes: (1) sumptuary (or "sin") taxes, (2) regulatory or environmental taxes, (3) benefit-based taxes (or user charges), and (4) luxury taxes. Sumptuary taxes were traditionally imposed for moral reasons, but are currently rationalized, in part, to discourage a specific activity th... | [
"Excise taxes are selective taxes on specific forms of consumption or behavior (compared to general sales taxes which tend to apply to all forms of consumption, with some exceptions). Today, federal excise taxes apply to a wide variety of consumer goods and economic activities, such as alcohol, tobacco, firearms an... |
train_11615 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 2005 Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission (commonly referred to as the BRAC Commission) submitted to the President its report on domestic military base closures and realignments on September 8, 2005. The President approved the list and forwarded it to Congress on September 15. This report summarizes some... | [
"In the 2005 BRAC round, the Department of Defense (DOD) recommended 190 closures and realignments. Of this number, the BRAC Commission approved 119 with no changes and accepted 45 with amendments. These figures represented 86% of the Department of Defense's overall proposed recommendations. In other words, only 14... |
train_11616 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. sugar program provides a price support guarantee to producers of sugar beets and sugarcane and to the processors of both crops. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), as program administrator, is directed to administer the program at no budgetary cost to the federal government by limiting the amount of sug... | [
"The U.S. sugar program is singular among major agricultural commodity programs in that it combines a price support guarantee with a supply management structure that encompasses both domestic production for human use and sugar imports. The sugar program provides a price guarantee to the processors of sugarcane and ... |
train_11617 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | South Korea has negotiated free trade agreements (FTAs) with the United States and the European Union (EU), but neither agreement has yet been approved. The U.S. Congress must approve the United States and South Korea free trade agreement (KORUS FTA) and the European Parliament must vote on the European Union and South... | [
"For over 20 years, U.S. trade negotiations have followed two tracks: multilateral talks such as the Doha Development Round of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and bilateral and regional arrangements with other countries, known as free trade agreements (FTAs). To date, the United States has entered into a dozen F... |
train_11618 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Corporate tax revenues have declined over the last six decades. In the post-World War II era, corporate tax revenue as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) peaked in 1952 at 6.1%. Today, the corporate tax generates revenue equal to approximately 1.3% of GDP. The corporate tax has also decreased in importance re... | [
"Corporate tax revenues have been declining for the last six decades. This report discusses the three main factors for the decline. First, the average effective corporate tax rate has decreased over time, mostly due to reductions in the statutory rate and changes affecting the tax treatment of investment and capita... |
train_11619 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report responds to frequently asked questions about the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) system for updating Medicare physician fee schedule payments (MPFS) and the recent legislative efforts to repeal and replace the SGR. Frequently asked questions address the background of the SGR, the need for congressional overri... | [
"Established as part of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 ( P.L. 105-33 ), the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) is the statutory method for determining the annual updates to the Medicare physician fee schedule (MPFS). In essence, if actual expenditures are within a \"sustainable\" expenditure target, payment updates are... |
train_11620 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Kyrgyzstan is a small and poor country in Central Asia that gained independence in 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union (see Figure A-1). It has developed a notable but fragile civil society. Progress in democratization has been set back by problematic elections (one of which helped precipitate a coup in 2005 that... | [
"On the night of June 10-11, clashes between ethnic Kyrgyz and Uzbeks broke out in Kyrgyzstan's southern city of Osh (population over 200,000), and intensified and spread to Jalal-Abad (population about 75,000) on June 12, and then to other smaller towns and villages. Large sections of the two cities reportedly had... |
train_11621 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The European Union (EU) has long viewed the enlargement process as an extraordinary opportunity to promote political stability and economic prosperity in Europe. Since 2004, EU membership has grown from 15 to 28 countries, bringing in most states of Central and Eastern Europe and fulfilling an historic pledge to furthe... | [
"The European Union (EU) is an economic and political partnership that represents a unique form of cooperation among 28 member states today. The EU has long viewed the enlargement process as an historic opportunity to further the integration of the continent by peaceful means. Analysts contend that the carefully ma... |
train_11622 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The positive identification of bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE, commonly known as "mad cow disease," in a Washington State cow in December of 2003 sparked a number of reactions from the federal government, the meat industry, and close to forty countries world-wide. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), for... | [
"Historically, the federal government has assumed primary responsibility for the management and testing for foreign animal diseases like bovine spongiform encephalopathy or BSE, commonly known as \"mad cow disease.\" States and veterinarians have played a role in animal disease testing but usually with significant ... |
train_11623 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the wake of disclosures related to the National Security Agency's Terrorism Surveillance Program (TSP), congressional attention has been focused on issues regarding authorization, review, and oversight of electronic surveillance programs designed to acquire foreign intelligence information or to address internationa... | [
"In the wake of press reports that the National Security Agency (NSA) was conducting a secret Terrorist Surveillance Program (TSP), a national debate emerged about whether the program was subject to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), whether the Administration needed additional authority to continue ... |
train_11624 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Agricultural Act of 2014 ("the 2014 farm bill") was enacted on February 7, 2014. Included in the law's reauthorization of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a change to how Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) payments are treated in the calculation of SNAP benefits. This change i... | [
"After over two years of deliberations, spanning the 112 th and 113 th Congresses, the Agricultural Act of 2014 (the \"2014 farm bill\") was enacted on February 7, 2014. Within this omnibus reauthorization of dozens of agricultural and nutrition statutes, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerl... |
train_11625 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The widely reported increase in federal contract dollars awarded to Alaska Native Corporations (ANCs) and their subsidiaries in recent years has generated congressional and public interest in the legal authorities that govern contracting with these entities. Currently, federal agencies may contract with ANCs or their s... | [
"The widely reported increase in federal contract dollars awarded to Alaska Native Corporations (ANCs) and their subsidiaries in recent years has generated congressional and public interest in the legal authorities governing contracting with these entities. Of particular interest are the authorities creating the al... |
train_11626 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In April 2009, U.N. member states will convene in Geneva, Switzerland, for the U.N. Durban Review Conference Against Racism (Review Conference) to examine possible progress made since the 2001 U.N. World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance (WCAR), held in Durban, South A... | [
"From April 20 to 24, 2009, United Nations (U.N.) member states will meet in Geneva, Switzerland, for the U.N. Durban Review Conference Against Racism (Review Conference). Some Members of Congress are concerned that the Review Conference will repeat the perceived mistakes of the U.N. World Conference Against Racism... |
train_11627 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Ecuador, a small, oil-producing country in the Andean region of South America, has experienced ten years of political and economic instability. On January 15, 2007, Rafael Correa, a left-leaning, U.S.-trained economist, was inaugurated to a four-year presidential term, becoming the country's eighth president in ten yea... | [
"Slightly smaller than Nevada, Ecuador has a population of 13.8 million people. Since independence from Spain in 1830, Ecuador has lost 61% of its total land area as a result of border conflicts with Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. Despite its small size, Ecuador's location on the Pacific Coast between two major drug-p... |
train_11628 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | With passage of the FY2004 DOD Authorization Act by the House on November 7 and bythe Senate on November 12, 2003, Congress completed action on this year's defense authorization( H.R. 1588 / H.Rept. 108-384 ). The President signed the bill on November 24, 2003( P.L. 108-384 ). On September 30, just in time for the new ... | [
"On November 7, 2003, the House passed the conference report on H.R. 1588 ,the FY2004 DOD authorization, by a vote of 362 to 40, after the conference report was filed earlyThursday morning. The Senate passed the bill by 95 to 3 on November 12. On November 24, thePresident signed the bill ( P.L. 108-136 ). Compromis... |
train_11629 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | High rates of obesity and chronic diseases have prompted various federal, state, and local nutrition labeling initiatives. The 1990 Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (P.L. 101-535) required nutrition labeling of most foods and dietary supplements, but it did not require labeling of food sold in restaurants. However,... | [
"Obesity is a major public health concern in the United States. Two-thirds of adults and one-third of children are overweight or obese. Although many factors contribute to obesity, weight gain is generally the result of an energy imbalance—an excess of calories consumed over calories expended. High rates of obesity... |
train_11630 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | If allowed as a compliance option in a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction program (e.g., a cap-and-trade system), offsets have the potential to provide considerable cost savings and other benefits. However, offsets have generated considerable controversy, primarily over the concern that illegitimate offsets could ... | [
"An estimate of the quantity and type of offset projects that might be available in a cap-and-trade system would provide for a more informed debate over the design elements of a cap-and-trade system. (See text box below, \"What is a Cap-and-Trade System?\") An offset is a measurable reduction, avoidance, or sequest... |
train_11631 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress most recently enacted major energy legislation in the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-140). The 114th Congress is currently considering new legislation to address broad energy issues. On April 20, 2016, the Senate passed an amended version of S. 2012, the Energy Policy and Modernization ... | [
"On September 9, 2015, the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources reported S. 2012 , the Energy Policy Modernization Act, a major energy bill with provisions addressing energy efficiency, critical infrastructure, energy supplies (fossil, renewable, and nuclear), energy financing and markets, and critical ... |
train_11632 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the United States embarked on a strategy to counter the Islamic State (also known as ISIL or ISIS) in 2014, some Members of Congress have raised concerns about the President's underlying authority to engage in anti-IS military operations. In the 114th Congress, both houses of Congress took steps to revisit the po... | [
"In 2014, the armed offensive of the Islamic State (also known as ISIL, ISIS, or Daesh) in northern and western Iraq and northeastern Syria raised significant concerns for the United States. After first ordering multiple deployments of U.S. troops to Iraq to provide security to diplomatic personnel and facilities, ... |
train_11633 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal courts, Congress, and federal agencies rely upon truthful information in order to make informed decisions. Federal law therefore proscribes providing the federal courts, Congress, or federal agencies with false information. The prohibition takes four forms: false statements; perjury in judicial proceedings; per... | [
"Lying, or making a false statement, is a federal crime under a number of circumstances. It is a federal crime to make a material false statement in a matter within the jurisdiction of a federal agency or department. Perjury is also a federal crime. Perjury is a false statement made under oath before a federal trib... |
train_11634 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | High gasoline and natural gas prices have rekindled interest in the role that renewable energy may play in producing electricity, displacing fossil fuel use, and curbing demand for power transmission equipment. Also, worldwide emphasis on environmental problems of air and water pollution and global climate change, the ... | [
"On June 29, 2006, the Senate Committee on Appropriations reported H.R. 5427 , the Energy and Water Appropriations bill for FY2007 ( S.Rept. 109-274 ). This bill includes funding for the Department of Energy (DOE) Renewable Energy Program, which is conducted by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (... |
train_11635 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Foreign nationals (i.e., aliens) not already legally residing in the United States who wish to come to the United States generally must obtain a visa to be admitted, with certain exceptions noted in law. The Departments of State (DOS) and Homeland Security (DHS) each play key roles in administering the law and policies... | [
"Foreign nationals (i.e., aliens) not already legally residing in the United States who wish to come to the United States generally must obtain a visa to be admitted. Under current law, three departments—the Department of State (DOS), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Department of Justice (DOJ)—pla... |
train_11636 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The plaintiff in Leegin Creative Leather Products v. PSKS, Inc. successfully asked the Supreme Court to soften the longstanding treatment of resale price maintenance (RPM, vertical imposition of direct, minimum price restraints) as a per se (automatic, and not capable of being justified) antitrust offense. RPM had been... | [
"Resale price maintenance has been called \"vertical price fixing\" because it involves entities at different levels of the supply/marketing chain. It generally entails an agreement (via formal contract or otherwise) between a manufacturer and a retailer that the dealer will charge some specific price for the manuf... |
train_11637 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Medicaid is a means-tested entitlement program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services as well as long-term services and supports (LTSS) to an estimated 65 million people at a cost to states and the federal government of $498 billion in FY2014. In comparison, the Medicare program provided healt... | [
"Medicaid is a joint federal-state program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services, as well as long-term services and supports (LTSS), to a diverse low-income population, including children, pregnant women, adults, individuals with disabilities, and people aged 65 and older. In FY2014, Medi... |
train_11638 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent news accounts (and government responses to those news accounts) have indicated that the government is reportedly engaged in a surveillance program that gathers vast amounts of data, including records regarding the phone calls, emails, and Internet usage of millions of individuals. The disclosures to the media re... | [
"In recent weeks, several media accounts have reported that U.S. intelligence agencies are actively gathering data from a wide range of sources. The records resulting from the alleged surveillance activity reportedly include vast sums of metadata on phone usage, emails, file transfers, and live chats. In response t... |
train_11639 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Current U.S. energy tax policy is a combination of long-standing provisions and relatively new incentives. Provisions supporting the oil and gas sector reflect desires for domestic energy production and energy security, long-standing cornerstones of U.S. energy policy. Incentives for renewable energy reflect the desire... | [
"Energy tax policy involves the use of one of the government's main fiscal instruments, taxes (both as an incentive and as a disincentive) to alter the allocation or configuration of energy resources and their use. In theory, energy taxes and subsidies, like tax policy instruments in general, are intended either to... |
train_11640 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On August 5, 2004, the United States entered into the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR). Congress passed the implementing bill on July 28, 2005 (P.L. 109-53) and CAFTA-DR entered into force with El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Guatemala by July 1, 2006, the Dominican... | [
"On August 5, 2004, the United States entered into the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) with Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic (hereafter the CAFTA-DR countries). Congress engaged in a full year of debate before narrow... |
train_11641 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This is a comparison of selected criminal sentencing reform bills as introduced: H.R. 3713, H.R. 2944, S. 502, and H.R. 920; and S. 2123 as passed by the Senate Judiciary Committee with a manager's amendment. It consists of narrative and charts comparing the bills with respect to adjustments in the mandatory minimum se... | [
"Within a week of each other, Senator Grassley and Representative Goodlatte, respective chairmen of the Senate and House Judiciary Committees, introduced parallel sentencing reform bills with bipartisan cosponsors. By and large in identical language, the two would amend existing mandatory minimum sentence provision... |
train_11642 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Government contracting in Afghanistan and other wartime environments is different than contracting in peacetime. In peacetime, the goal of contracting is generally to obtain the good or service that is required. The measurements of success are generally getting the right good or service, on schedule, and at a fair pric... | [
"U.S. actions in a foreign country in wartime can have effects that go far beyond the immediate situation. Building a power plant may not be just about generating power—it may be about employing local nationals who otherwise might join the insurgency, developing relationships with the local population, or developin... |
train_11643 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The factors that shape French foreign policy have changed since the end of the Cold War. The perspectives of France and the United States have diverged in some cases. More core interests remain similar. Both countries' governments have embraced the opportunity to build stability in Europe through an expanded European U... | [
"The end of the Cold War altered the U.S.-French relationship. Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States, France, and their NATO allies viewed the USSR as the principal threat to security. France was known for its independent streak in policy-making, both with its European counterparts and the Unit... |
train_11644 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Most of the funding for the activities of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) comes from discretionary appropriations provided each year in the annual appropriations acts, typically as a part of the Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies appropriations bill (THUD). HUD's programs are primarily desi... | [
"Most of the funding for the activities of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) comes from discretionary appropriations provided each year in the annual appropriations acts, typically as a part of the Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies appropriations bill (THUD). HUD's programs are primarily... |
train_11645 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has had statutory authority to regulate chemical facilities for security purposes since the 109th Congress. The 113th Congress extended this authority through December 13, 2014, and has passed H.R. 4007, which provides new statutory authority. Congressional policy makers have d... | [
"Recognizing the potential harm that a large, sudden release of hazardous chemicals poses to nearby people, state and federal governments have long regulated safety practices at chemical facilities. Historically, chemical facilities have engaged in security activities on a voluntary basis. Even before the terrorist... |
train_11646 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant (JAG) program was created by the Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-162), which collapsed both the Edward Byrne Memorial Formula (Byrne Formula) Grant and the Local Law Enforcement Block Grant (LLEBG) into a single pr... | [
"Historically, crime control has been the responsibility of local and state governments, with little involvement from the federal government. However, as crime became more rampant in the United States, the federal government increased its support for domestic crime control by creating a series of grant programs des... |
train_11647 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Asia has become a principal driver in world energy markets, largely due to China's remarkable growth in demand. As the gap between consumption and production levels in Asia expands, the region's economic powers appear to be increasingly anxious about their energy security, concerned that tight supplies and consequent h... | [
"Rising competition for energy in China, Japan, and South Korea are of interest to U.S. policymakers for three primary reasons. First, the surge in China's energy needs has emerged as a major factor in influencing world oil prices. Second, the tightening global oil market could increase the bargaining power of oil ... |
train_11648 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A key concept embodied in the accountability provisions of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as amended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB, P.L. 107-110), is that of adequate yearly progress (AYP). In order to be eligible for grants under ESEA Title I, Part A—Education for Disadvantaged Pupi... | [
"Akey concept embodied in the accountability provisions of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as amended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB, P.L. 107-110 ) is that of adequate yearly progress (AYP) toward proficiency on state assessments. In order to maintain eligibility for grants under ... |
train_11649 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA; P.L. 108-173) established a voluntary, outpatient prescription drug benefit under Medicare Part D, effective January 1, 2006. Medicare Part D provides coverage through private prescription drug plans (PDPs) that offer only drug coverage, o... | [
"On January 1, 2018, the Medicare outpatient prescription drug benefit (Medicare Part D) began its 13 th year of operation. Congress created Part D in the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA; P.L. 108-173 ), effective January 1, 2006. The law also made Part D the primary sour... |
train_11650 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Executive permission in the form of a Presidential Permit has long been required for the construction, connection, operation, and maintenance of certain facilities that cross the United States borders with Canada and Mexico. The constitutional basis for the President's cross-border permitting authority has been address... | [
"For decades, executive permission in the form of a Presidential Permit has been required for the construction, connection, operation, and maintenance of certain facilities that cross the United States' borders with Canada and Mexico. The constitutional basis for the President's cross-border permitting authority wa... |
train_11651 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The chartering by Congress of organizations with a patriotic, charitable, historical, or educational purpose is essentially a 20th century practice. There are currently some 92 nonprofit corporations listed in Title 36, Subtitle II, of the U.S. Code. These so-called "Title 36 corporations," such as the Girl Scouts of A... | [
"This report discusses a category of congressionally chartered nonprofit organizations that have as their purpose the promotion of patriotic, charitable, educational, and other eleemosynary activities. Title 36 of the United States Code, where such corporate organizations are listed with their charters, was recodif... |
train_11652 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Senate Rule XXVI establishes specific requirements for certain Senate committee procedures. In addition, each Senate committee is required to adopt rules to govern its own proceedings. These rules may "not be inconsistent with the Rules of the Senate." Senate committees may also operate according to additional establis... | [
"Senate Rule XXVI establishes specific requirements for Senate committee procedures. In addition, each Senate committee is required to adopt rules, which may \"not be inconsistent with the Rules of the Senate.\" Senate committees also operate according to additional established practices that are not necessarily re... |
train_11653 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 9/11 Commission, in its recent report on the attacks of September 11, 2001, criticized the U.S. Intelligence Community's (IC) fragmented management structure and questioned whether theU.S. government, and the IC, in particular, is organized adequately to direct resources and build theintelligence capabilities that ... | [
"There have been a variety of proposals concerning the NID (4) position. Following the creationof the intelligence oversight committees in the Senate (1976) and in the House (1977), Congressconsidered charter legislation that included, among other proposals, one that would have created theposition of an NID to mana... |
train_11654 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Current Navy plans call for achieving and maintaining a fleet of 308 ships of certain types and numbers. Some observers have advocated increasing the Navy's force-level goal to about 350 ships. The Navy is currently conducting a force structure assessment (FSA), and some observers anticipate that this FSA will lead to ... | [
"This report presents background information and potential issues for Congress on the question of whether to increase the Navy's force-level goal (i.e., the planned size of the Navy) to something more than the current goal of 308 ships. Some observers have advocated adopting a new a force-level goal of about 350 sh... |
train_11655 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a refundable tax credit available to eligible workers earning relatively low wages. (Because the credit is refundable, an EITC recipient need not owe taxes to receive the benefit.) Under current law, the EITC is calculated based on a recipient's earnings, using one of eight differ... | [
"The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a refundable tax credit available to eligible low-wage workers. Many low-income workers, especially those with children, can receive several thousand dollars of financial assistance from this tax provision. (Childless recipients can receive slightly less than $500 if they qua... |
train_11656 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report is part of a suite of reports that discuss appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2016. It specifically discusses appropriations for the components of DHS included in the fourth title of the homeland security appropriations bill—U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), ... | [
"This report is part of a suite of reports that discuss appropriations for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for FY2016. It specifically discusses appropriations for the components of DHS included in the fourth title of the homeland security appropriations bill—U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USC... |
train_11657 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Although "too big to fail" (TBTF) has been a long-standing policy issue, it was highlighted by the financial crisis, when the government intervened to prevent the near-collapse of several large financial firms in 2008. Financial firms are said to be TBTF when policymakers judge that their failure would cause unacceptab... | [
"Although \"too big to fail\" (TBTF) has been a perennial policy issue, it was highlighted by the near-collapse of several large financial firms in 2008. Bear Stearns (an investment bank), GMAC (a non-bank lender, later renamed Ally Financial), and AIG (an insurer) avoided failure through government assistance. Leh... |
train_11658 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The deadlocked November 2000 presidential election focused national attention on previously obscure details of election administration. Congress responded with the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA; P.L. 107-252). HAVA created the Election Assistance Commission (EAC), established a set of election administration requ... | [
"The deadlocked November 2000 presidential election focused national attention on previously obscure details of election administration. Even before the U.S. Supreme Court decision resolving that election, more than a dozen bills had been introduced in the 106 th Congress to address the issues with voting systems, ... |
train_11659 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress created the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) in 1972, P.L. 92-484, and terminated its funding in 1995. The pros and cons of reviving OTA or re-creating a similar body have been examined. Since 2002, at congressional direction, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) has conducted several pilot technolo... | [
"Congress established OTA in 1972 with passage of P.L. 92-484. It was mandated to assess the consequences of applying technology by preparing comprehensive reports that discussed the pros and cons of policy options about an issue. The law effectively augmented existing congressional resources by creating a support ... |
train_11660 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the last several years, there has been growing concern among the public and lawmakers in the United States about rising drug overdose deaths, which more than tripled from 1999 to 2014. In 2015, more than 52,000 people died from drug overdoses, and approximately 63% of those deaths involved an opioid. Many federal ... | [
"O ver the last several years, there has been growing concern among the public and lawmakers in the United States about rising drug overdose deaths , many of which involved opioids. Congress has responded to the issue through legislative activity and funding, while the Administration has sought to reduce supply and... |
train_11661 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission) has released for public comment 10 economic research studies on media ownership that it had commissioned to provide data and analysis to support the policy debate on what ownership limitations are in the public interest. These studies also provide data and analy... | [
"The Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission) has released for public comment 10 economic research studies on media ownership that it had commissioned to provide data and analysis to support the policy debate on what ownership limitations are in the public interest. These studies also provide data and ... |
train_11662 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the early 1960s, U.S. policy toward Cuba under Fidel Castro has consisted largely of isolating the communist nation through comprehensive economic sanctions, which have been significantly tightened by the Bush Administration. Another component of U.S. policy has consisted of support measures for the Cuban people,... | [
"On December 18, 2006, a private U.S. commercial television station in Florida began broadcasting some TV Marti programs on a daily basis. The Office of Cuba Broadcasting of the Broadcasting Board of Governors also contracted with a commercial radio station in Miami to broadcast some Radio Marti programming. On Dec... |
train_11663 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Minority-serving institutions (MSIs) are institutions of higher education that serve high concentrations of minority students who, historically, have been underrepresented in higher education. Many MSIs have faced challenges in securing adequate financial support, thus affecting their ability to develop and enhance the... | [
"Minority-serving institutions (MSIs) are institutions of higher education that serve high concentrations of minority students who, historically, have been underrepresented in higher education. MSIs tend to have relatively low educational and general expenditures and high enrollments of needy students. Generally, m... |
train_11664 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has been debating a range of potential initiatives for reducing atmospheric CO2 from U.S. sources. Legislative proposals would seek to limit U.S. CO2 emissions to historical levels through emissions caps, carbon taxes, or other mechanisms. In the 110th Congress, the most prominent CO2 proposals sought reductio... | [
"Federal policymakers have long been concerned about the impact of manmade carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions on global climate change. To address these concerns, Congress has been debating a range of potential initiatives for reducing atmospheric CO 2 from U.S. sources. Legislative proposals would seek to limit U.S.... |
train_11665 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Preserving competition is an overarching purpose of federal laws governing business mergers. Though other federal laws, including the Sherman Act, seek to address anticompetitive behavior relating to monopolization, two federal statutes, in particular, address harms that may result from proposed mergers. Section 7 of t... | [
"Pursuant to the Clayton Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTC Act), Congress charged the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) with reviewing whether proposed mergers comport with federal antitrust laws and preventing anticompetitive mergers. This report discusses statutes gove... |
train_11666 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) has been of ongoing interest to Congress since its enactment in 1994 (P.L. 103-322). The original act was intended to change attitudes toward domestic violence, foster awareness of domestic violence, improve services and provisions for victims, and revise the manner in which the cr... | [
"The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) was originally passed by Congress as Title IV of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 ( P.L. 103-322 ). This act addressed congressional concerns about violent crime, and violence against women in particular, in several ways. Among other things, it enhance... |
train_11667 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In November 2011, the Obama Administration announced the creation of a new State Department Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations (CSO) to provide the institutional focus for policy and "operational solutions" to prevent, respond to, and stabilize crises in priority states. This bureau represents a "second ge... | [
"Congress has played a key role in fostering the development of civilian capacity and capabilities to deal with conflicts overseas. \"First generation\" efforts were the establishment in 2004 of the former Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (S/CRS). This office was the result of widespre... |
train_11668 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The primary source of federal aid to K-12 education is the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), particularly its Title I, Part A program of Education for the Disadvantaged. The ESEA was initially enacted in 1965 (P.L. 89-10), and was most recently amended and reauthorized by the No Child Left Behind Act of 20... | [
"The primary source of federal aid to K-12 education is the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), particularly its Title I, Part A program of Education for the Disadvantaged. The ESEA was initially enacted in 1965 (P.L. 89-10), and was most recently amended and reauthorized by the No Child Left Behind Act ... |
train_11669 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Energy policy has been a recurring issue for Congress since the first major crises in the 1970s. As an aid in policymaking, this report presents a current and historical view of the supply and consumption of various forms of energy. The historical trends show petroleum as the major source of primary energy, rising from... | [
"Tracking changes in energy activity is complicated by variations in different energy markets. These markets, for the most part, operate independently, although events in one may influence trends in another. For instance, oil price movement can affect the price of natural gas, which then plays a significant role in... |
train_11670 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Airport and Airway Trust Fund (AATF), sometimes referred to as the aviation trust fund, has been the primary funding source for federal aviation programs since 1972. It provides all funding for three major accounts of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA): the Airport Improvement Program (AIP), Facilities and E... | [
"The Airport and Airway Trust Fund (AATF), sometimes referred to as the aviation trust fund, is the major funding source for federal aviation programs. The trust fund finances Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) capital investments in the airport and airway system as well as supports FAA research and operations c... |
train_11671 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Four groups of federal programs target unemployed workers: unemployment insurance, health care assistance, job search assistance, and training. This report presents information on federal programs targeted to unemployed workers specifically, but does not attempt to discuss means-tested programs (such as Medicaid or SSI... | [
"Four groups of federal programs target unemployed workers: unemployment insurance programs, health care assistance, job search assistance, and training. This report describes these programs, how they interact with each other, and their funding. Unemployed workers and their families may experience substantial incom... |
train_11672 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 2005, the 109th Congress approved a new Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) round. As the Department of Defense (DOD) implements the new round, issues for Congress include the pace and costs of closing and realigning the selected installations and the impacts on surrounding communities. The disposal of surplus prope... | [
"Following the collapse of the former Soviet Union, Congress authorized the closure of certain military installations under four BRAC rounds in 1988, 1991, 1993, and 1995. These installations have been closed for many years, and the majority of the properties have been made available for civilian purposes. However,... |
train_11673 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Within the past two decades, prominent foreign policy organizations and foreign policy experts have perceived serious deficiencies in the authorities, organizations, and personnel used to conduct interagency missions that prevent the United States from exercising its power to full advantage. For the 112th Congress, pro... | [
"Some U.S. policymakers share widespread concern that the United States cannot conduct \"whole of government\" missions and activities abroad efficiently and effectively. For the 112 th Congress, various proposals to reform interagency authorities, organizations, processes, and personnel dedicated to foreign missio... |
train_11674 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) aims to provide unbiased scientific information to describe and understand the geological processes of the Earth; minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters; manage water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and enhance and protect the nation's quality of life. Th... | [
"The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is to serve the United States by providing reliable scientific information to describe and understand the Earth; minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters; manage water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; and enhance and protect the nation's ... |
train_11675 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The authorization of the Museum and Library Services Act expired with FY2009. Its reauthorization may be considered by the 111th Congress. It was last reauthorized by P.L. 108-81, the Museum and Library Services Act of 2003 (MLSA), signed into law on September 25, 2003. MLSA authorizes funding for Library Services and ... | [
"The authorization of the Museum and Library Services Act (MLSA) expired with FY2009. Its reauthorization may be considered by the 111 th Congress. One issue that may arise during reauthorization is the current status of conservation and preservation of museum and library collections. Other issues that may arise in... |
train_11676 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 13(a)(1) of the Fair Labor Standards Act permits exemption of employers of bona fide executive, administrative and professional employees from the minimum wage and overtime pay requirements of the act; that is, from the basic wage and hour provisions of the statute. What constitutes a bona fide executive, admin... | [
"The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is the primary federal statute dealing with minimum wages, overtime pay, and related issues. Under Section 13(a)(1) of the act, employers of persons employed \"in a bona fide executive, administrative, or professional capacity\" (EAP employees) are freed from the act's otherwise... |
train_11677 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The length of time a congressional staff member spends employed in a particular position in Congress—or congressional staff tenure—is a source of recurring interest to Members, staff, and the public. A congressional office, for example, may seek this information to assess its human resources capabilities, or for guidan... | [
"The length of time a congressional staff member spends employed in Congress, or job tenure, is a source of recurring interest among Members of Congress, congressional staff, those who study staffing in the House and Senate, and the public. There may be interest in congressional tenure information from multiple per... |
train_11678 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In recent Congresses, some Members have expressed concern about the lack of information surrounding private fundraising for presidential libraries. Those calling for additional regulation argue that more transparency could reduce potential conflicts of interest surrounding library contributions. Contributions from fore... | [
"Presidential libraries serve not only as repositories of official papers, but also as museums and monuments to the nation's leaders. In response to these varied missions, two sources provide funds to construct and maintain presidential libraries. First, private funds raised by non-profit foundations typically cove... |
train_11679 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Public alarm about the spate of recent product recalls throughout 2007, particularly of toys and other products used by children, has focused attention on the Consumer Product Safety Commission (the CPSC or the Commission). This scrutiny led to consideration of major amendments to the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA)... | [
"Public alarm about the spate of product recalls during 2007, particularly of toys and other products used by children, has focused attention on the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). P.L. 110-314 , 122 Stat. 3016 (2008), the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA), was enacted as a result o... |
train_11680 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 2005 murders of the husband and mother of United States District Judge Joan Lefkow by a disgruntled litigant and the murders of Judge Rowland Barton, his court reporter, a deputy sheriff, and a federal officer in Atlanta, Georgia, focused national attention on the need for increased court security. Data from the U.... | [
"Two recent events heightened congressional concern about the state of judicial security: the murders of the husband and mother of United States District Judge Joan Lefkow by a disgruntled litigant and the murders of Judge Rowland Barton, his court reporter, a deputy sheriff, and a federal officer in Atlanta, Georg... |
train_11681 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administers directly, or in conjunction with other federal agencies, programs that provide benefits and other services to veterans and their spouses, dependents, and beneficiaries. One of the benefits that VA administers is Dependency and Indemnity Compensation (DIC) for survivor... | [
"The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) offers directly, or in conjunction with other federal agencies, several benefits for surviving spouses, children, and dependent parents of deceased veterans to provide them with financial, educational, and emotional support. Among these various programs, Dependency and Indem... |
train_11682 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Article I of the Constitution, in Sections 2 and 3, authorizes the House of Representatives and Senate to choose their own officers. The number of such congressional support personnel, as well as their specific responsibilities, is left to the discretion of the chambers. Over time, both chambers have authorized a numbe... | [
"Article I of the Constitution, in Sections 2 and 3, authorizes the House of Representatives and Senate to choose their own officers. The number of such congressional support personnel, as well as their specific responsibilities, is left to the discretion of each chamber. Over time, both chambers have authorized a ... |
train_11683 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | American International Group (AIG), one of the world's major insurers, was the largest recipient of government financial assistance during the 2007-2009 financial crisis. At the maximum, the Federal Reserve (Fed) and the Treasury committed approximately $182.3 billion in specific extraordinary assistance for AIG and an... | [
"In 2007, American International Group (AIG) was the fifth-largest insurer in the world with $110 billion in overall revenues. In the United States, it ranked second in property/casualty insurance premiums ($37.7 billion/7.5% market share) and first in life insurance premiums ($53.0 billion/8.9%). For particular li... |
train_11684 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Climate change policies at both the national and international levels have traditionally focused on measures to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to adapt to the actual or anticipated impacts of changes in the climate. As a participant in several international agreements on climate change, the United States h... | [
"Climate change has received considerable policy attention in the past several years both internationally and within the United States. A major report released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2013 found widespread evidence of climate warming, and many are concerned that climate change may be sev... |
train_11685 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report uses data on the operations of U.S. multinational companies (MNCs) to examine the extent to which, if any, MNCs are moving profits out of high-tax countries (or out of the U.S.) and into low-tax countries with little corresponding change in business operations, a practice known as "profit shifting." To do t... | [
"American based companies reported earning $938 billion in profits overseas in 2008 (most recent data). The U.S. will generally defer levying a tax on this income until it is brought back (repatriated) to the United States, although the countries where American companies operate may tax this income at the time it i... |
train_11686 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On December 21, 2001, President Bush signed into law the District of Columbia Appropriations Act for FY2002, P.L. 107-96 (formerly H.R. 2944 ). Two weeks earlier, the House onDecember 6, 2001, and the Senate on December 7, 2001, approved the conference reportaccompanying H.R. 2944 , after resolving significant differen... | [
"On December 21, 2001, President Bush signed into law the District of ColumbiaAppropriations Act for FY2002, P.L. 107-96 (formerly H.R. 2944 ). The House onDecember 6, 2001 and the Senate on December 7, 2001 approved the conference reportaccompanying H.R. 2944 , after resolving significant differences in the genera... |
train_11687 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The President makes appointments to positions within the federal government, either using the authorities granted by law to the President alone, or with the advice and consent of the Senate. There are some 350 full-time leadership positions in the 15 executive departments for which the Senate provides advice and consen... | [
"The President is responsible for appointing individuals to positions throughout the federal government. In some instances, the President makes these appointments using authorities granted by law to the President alone. Other appointments are made with the advice and consent of the Senate via the nomination and con... |
train_11688 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In proximity to the United States, and with such a chronically unstable political environment and fragile economy, Haiti has been a constant policy issue for the United States. Congress views the stability of the nation with great concern and commitment to improving conditions there. The Obama Administration considers ... | [
"Congress views the stability of Haiti with great concern and commitment to improving conditions there. Both Congress and the international community have invested significant resources in the political, economic, and social development of Haiti, and closely monitored the conduct of the 2010-2011 elections as a pre... |
train_11689 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress created the Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) program to offer long-term, low-cost loans to railroad operators, with particular attention to small freight railroads, to help them finance improvements to infrastructure and investments in equipment. The program is intended to operate at no... | [
"The Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing (RRIF) program offers long-term, low-interest loans to railroad operators for improving rail infrastructure. The program is intended to operate at no cost to the government and does not receive an annual appropriation. Congress has authorized $35 billion in loa... |
train_11690 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | There were seven vacancies in the 108th Congress, all in the House. One,in the 2nd District of Hawaii, was caused by the death of the incumbent, who had been re-electedposthumously to the108th Congress. Five other vacancies were caused by the resignation of the incumbent in the19th District of Texas, the6th District of... | [
"RS21539 -- Vacancies and Special Elections: 108th Congress Updated January 12, 2005 Vacancies in Congress occur when a Senator or Representative dies, resigns, declines to serve, or is expelled orexcluded by either house. The Constitution requires that vacancies in both houses be filled by special election; butint... |
train_11691 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Oil and gas leasing in the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) has been an important issue in the debate over energy security and domestic energy resources. The Department of the Interior (DOI) released a comprehensive inventory of OCS resources in February 2006 that estimated reserves of 8.5 billion barrels of oil and 29.3 ... | [
"President Bush announced on June 18, 2008, that he would like to open areas of the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) for oil and gas development currently under presidential and congressional moratoria (discussed in more detail below). However, the President stated that he would lift the executive branch moratoria onl... |
train_11692 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill provides funding for civil works projects of the Army Corps of Engineers (Corps), the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), the Department of Energy (DOE), and a number of independent agencies. Key budgetary issues for FY2009 involving these progr... | [
"The Bush Administration's request for funding Energy and Water Development programs for FY2009, submitted in February 2008, totaled $31.209 billion, compared with $30.998 billion appropriated for FY2008. The House Appropriations Committee approved a bill June 25, 2008, that would have appropriated $33.811 billion ... |
train_11693 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC or EIC) began in 1975 as a temporary program to return a portion of the Social Security taxes paid by lower-income taxpayers, and was made permanent in 1978. In the 1990s, the program was transformed into a major component of federal efforts to reduce poverty, and is now the largest a... | [
"The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a refundable tax credit available to eligible workers earning relatively low wages. Under current law there are two categories of EITC recipients: childless adults and families with children. Because the credit is refundable, an EITC recipient need not owe taxes to receive th... |
train_11694 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Enforcement of child support often results in custodial parents and noncustodial parentsbeing in an adversarial relationship. Noncustodial parents often view it as an unbalancedrelationship, because custodial parents have access to a network of federal and state resources (e.g.,the Child Support Enforcement (CSE) agenc... | [
"Enforcement of child support often results in custodial parents and noncustodial parentsbeing in an adversarial relationship. From the perspective of the noncustodial parent it is often seenas an unbalanced relationship because the custodial parent is backed by the Child SupportEnforcement (CSE) agency and in many... |
train_11695 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. economy has grown increasingly interconnected with other economies around the world, a phenomenon often referred to as globalization. As U.S. businesses expand globally, however, various groups across the social and economic spectrum have expressed their concerns over the economic, social, and political impact... | [
"Over the last decade, international flows of capital have skyrocketed and now total over $6 trillion per day , or more than the total annual amount of U.S. exports and imports of goods and services. These flows are the prime mover behind exchange rates and global flows of goods and services. One part of these flow... |
train_11696 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress and the executive, as well as outside organizations, have long been attentive to the evaluation of federal programs, with frequent interest paid to the independent status of the evaluator. This interest continues into the current era, with numerous illustrations of the multi-faceted approaches adopted and prop... | [
"An evaluation may provide information at any stage of the policy process about how a federal government policy, program, activity, or agency is working. The resulting information may be used to better understand policy problems and to help inform the design, implementation, and oversight of policies. A variety of ... |
train_11697 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Agricultural exports contribute to the prosperity of the U.S. agricultural economy. Their value is projected at $57 billion for FY2003, and they are expected to grow over the long term. Theseexports are the equivalent of about a quarter of the gross income of U.S. farmers and generate bothfarm and nonfarm employment. U... | [
"The increasing globalization of markets, including in agriculture, has brought not onlyopportunity, but also uncertainty, to U.S. farmers and ranchers, rural communities, and thebusinesses that sell to them and market their products. Up until 30 or 40 years ago, clearerdistinctions could be made between domestic a... |
train_11698 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 1990 Clean Air Act (CAA) amendments required major industrial sources of air pollutants to obtain operating permits. These permits, authorized in Title V of the act, are intended to enhance environmental compliance by detailing for each covered facility all of the emission control requirements to which it is subjec... | [
"A key element of the 1990 Clean Air Act (CAA) amendments ( P.L. 101-549 ; 42 U.S.C. §§7661-7661f) was the comprehensive permit program established in Title V of the act. It was added to the CAA to enhance compliance by detailing for each covered facility all the emission control requirements to which the facility ... |
train_11699 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is a private, nonprofit, federally funded corporation that helps provide legal assistance to low-income people in civil (i.e., non-criminal) matters. The primary responsibility of the LSC is to manage and oversee the congressionally appropriated federal funds that it distributes in ... | [
"The Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is a private, nonprofit, federally funded corporation that helps provide legal assistance to low-income people in civil (i.e., non-criminal) matters. The primary responsibility of the LSC is to manage and oversee the congressionally appropriated federal funds that it distribute... |
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