id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_11700 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On the December 7, 2012, the President signed the Child Protection Act of 2012, P.L. 112-206 (H.R. 6063), into law. The measure had previously passed the House under suspension of the rules and the Senate by unanimous consent. Its provisions are (1) increase the maximum penalty for certain child pornography offenses; (... | [
"The Child Protection Act of 2012 re-enforces federal laws that seek to prevent and punish the sexual exploitation of children. The new law increases the penalty for federal child pornography offenses; outlaws the harassment of aged victims and witnesses; grants federal marshals additional powers to track sex offen... |
train_11701 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | During its development, the U.S. Navy's Unmanned Carrier Launched Airborne Surveillance and Strike (UCLASS) aircraft and its predecessors have been proposed to fill a number of roles and operate in a variety of air defense environments. Over time, those requirements have evolved to encompass a less demanding set of cap... | [
"During its development, the U.S. Navy's Unmanned Carrier Launched Airborne Surveillance and Strike (UCLASS) aircraft and its predecessors have been proposed to fill a number of roles and operate in a variety of air defense environments. The effort to choose among those roles and determine final requirements for th... |
train_11702 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Development in Iraq's oil and natural gas sector is proceeding, amid ongoing debates. Iraqis differ strongly on a number of key issues, including the proper role and powers of federal and regional authorities in regulating oil and gas development; the terms and extent of potential foreign participation in the oil and g... | [
"Oil exploration and production in Iraq began in the 1920s under the terms of a wide-ranging concession granted to a consortium of international oil companies known as the Turkish Petroleum Company and later as the Iraq Petroleum Company. The nationalization of Iraq's oil resources and production was complete by 19... |
train_11703 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), in effect since January 1994, plays a very strong role in the bilateral economic relationship between Mexico and the United States. The two countries are also closely tied in areas not directly related to trade and investment such as security, environmental, migration, a... | [
"The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), in effect since January 1994, plays a key role in the bilateral economic relationship between Mexico and the United States. The two countries are closely tied in bilateral trade and investment, and in areas of mutual interest such as migration, security, environment... |
train_11704 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Overdraft protection programs are an optional service offered by financial institutions to consumers. These programs are often referred to as "bounced-check protection" or "courtesy overdraft protection" to distinguish them from the more traditional overdraft lines of credit. Participating institutions cover checks dra... | [
"Traditionally, when a bank customer writes a check on an account that does not have sufficient funds on deposit to cover the amount of the check, he or she is charged a nonsufficient-funds (NSF) fee as a penalty. The check would be returned unpaid to the merchant or other third party. The customer could be charged... |
train_11705 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | President Clinton signed the FY2001 Department of Transportation (DOT) Appropriations Act ( P.L. 106-346 ; H.Rept. 106-940 ) on October 23, 2000. The agreement provides $57.978 billion forDOT. This is an increase of more than 14% over the enacted FY2000 level. The Act providesincreases for all major DOT agencies except... | [
"President Clinton signed the FY2001 Department of Transportation (DOT) Appropriations Act( P.L. 106-346 ) into law on October 23, 2000. The House and Senate had approved the conferenceagreement ( H.Rept. 106-940 ) on October 6, 2000. The FY2001 Act provides $57.978 billion forDOT. This is an increase of more than ... |
train_11706 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a brief overview of federal statutes and where to find them, both in print and on the Internet. When Congress passes a law, it may amend or repeal earlier enactments or it may create new law. Newly enacted laws are published chronologically, first as separate statutes in "slip law" form and later c... | [
"This report provides a brief overview of federal statutes and where to find them, in print format and on the Internet. When Congress passes a law, it may amend or repeal earlier enactments or it may create new law. Newly enacted laws are published chronologically, first as separate statutes in \"slip law\" form an... |
train_11707 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Note: Despite this report being archived, the reader may find updated treatment of the topics covered herein in CRS Report R42613, Climate Change and Existing Law: A Survey of Legal Issues Past, Present, and Future, by [author name scrubbed]. See especially sections I, II.H., and III.A. Congressional inaction on climat... | [
"Congressional inaction on climate change has led various entities to pursue climate change measures off Capitol Hill. Either in hopes of making direct gains or to pressure Congress to act, such entities have looked to international forums, treaty negotiations, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) action under the... |
train_11708 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Constitution grants authority to Congress to regulate commerce with foreign nations. Congress exercises this authority in numerous ways, including through oversight of trade policy and consideration of legislation to implement trade agreements and authorize trade programs. Policy issues cover areas such as U.S... | [
"During the first session of the 115th Congress, Congress faced numerous international trade and finance policy issues. A major focus was examining and responding to the Trump Administration's evolving trade policy. U.S. trade policy under President Trump to date arguably represents a significant shift from recent ... |
train_11709 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | India is enjoying rapidly growing diplomatic and economic clout on the world stage, and thecourse of its rise (along with that of China) is identified as one of the most important variables in 21stcentury international relations. In recognition of these developments, U.S. policy makers havesought to expand and deepen U... | [
"In early March 2006, President Bush made a three-day trip to India, the first such visit by aU.S. President in six years. In a speech preceding his trip, the President called India a \"naturalpartner for the United States\" and identified five broad areas of bilateral cooperation: counterterrorism, democracy promo... |
train_11710 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has, over the past three decades, authorized and funded federal programs to improve understanding of climate changes and their implications. Climate changes have potentially large economic and ecological consequences, both positive and negative, which depend on the rapidity, size, and predictability of change.... | [
"Regardless of the public conversation, the Earth's climate is changing. Changes are exhibited in observations of average temperatures over land and in the oceans, melting glaciers and ice caps, shifting precipitation patterns, modified growing seasons, shifting distributions of plants and animals, and a variety of... |
train_11711 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Reforming or limiting itemized tax deductions for individuals has gained the interest of policymakers as one way to increase federal tax revenue, increase the share of taxes paid by higher-income tax filers, simplify the tax code, or reduce incentives that might lead to inefficient economic behavior. However, limits on... | [
"Reforming or limiting itemized tax deductions for individuals has gained the interest of policymakers as one way to increase federal tax revenue, increase the share of taxes paid by higher-income tax filers, simplify the tax code, or reduce incentives that might lead to inefficient economic behavior. However, limi... |
train_11712 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Recent Congresses have considered numerous policy topics that involve wetlands. Many reflect issues of long-standing interest, such as applying federal regulations on private lands, wetland loss rates, and restoration and creation accomplishments. The issue receiving the greatest attention recently has been determining... | [
"Wetlands, with a variety of physical characteristics, are found throughout the country. They are known in different regions as swamps, marshes, fens, potholes, playa lakes, or bogs. Although these places can differ greatly, they all have distinctive plant and animal assemblages because of the wetness of the soil. ... |
train_11713 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On January 15, 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a final rule revising the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM). The revised air quality standards were completed pursuant to the Clean Air Act (CAA) and, in part, in response to a court order and consent agreem... | [
"On January 15, 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a final rule in the Federal Register to strengthen the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM) . The standards, set pursuant to the Clean Air Act (CAA), address potential health e ffects (including chronic re... |
train_11714 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The New Starts program is a discretionary funding program for the construction of new fixed-guideway public transportation systems and the expansion of existing systems. Eligible projects include transit rail, including subway/elevated rail (heavy rail), light rail, and commuter rail, as well as bus rapid transit (BRT)... | [
"The New Starts program provides federal funds to public transportation agencies on a largely competitive basis for the construction of new fixed guideway transit systems and the expansion of existing systems (49 U.S.C. §5309). In federal law, \"fixed guideway\" is defined as \"a public transportation facility: usi... |
train_11715 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 (P.L. 113-67) included as Title I, Subtitle B, a section titled, "Establishing a Congressional Budget" designed to serve as a substitute for a traditional congressional budget resolution for FY2014 and potentially for FY2015. This report provides an explanation of such provisions, high... | [
"The House and Senate have not reached agreement on a traditional budget resolution since agreeing to the FY2010 budget resolution in 2009. Although there are prior examples of delayed agreement or the absence of agreement on a budget resolution, the sustained lack of agreement in recent years has caused some to ar... |
train_11716 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Continuing appropriations acts, often known as continuing resolutions (CRs), have been a component of the annual appropriations process for decades. When Congress and the President do not reach final decisions about one or more regular appropriations acts by the beginning of the federal fiscal year, October 1, they oft... | [
"Continuing appropriations acts, commonly known as continuing resolutions (CRs), have been an integral component of the annual appropriations process for decades. When Congress and the President do not reach final decisions about one or more regular appropriations acts, they often negotiate and enact a CR. Two gene... |
train_11717 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the last 30 years, the United States has devoted enormous effort and committed billions of dollars toward restoring large ecosystems such as the Chesapeake Bay and the Great Lakes. These ecosystem restoration initiatives generally address multiple objectives that go beyond restoring the ecosystem, such as water conv... | [
"In the last 30 years, the United States has devoted resources and committed billions of dollars toward restoring large ecosystems such as the Chesapeake Bay, the Great Lakes, the Florida Everglades, and the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers Delta (California Bay-Delta). These initiatives gene... |
train_11718 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | One of the majority party's prerogatives is writing the House rules and using its majority status to effect the chamber's rules on the day the new House convenes. It is a feature of the House that it must adopt rules at the convening of each Congress. While each new House largely adopts the chamber rules that existed i... | [
"In the 1994 general election, Republicans won a majority of seats in the House for the first time since the 83 rd Congress (1953-1955). By practice, the majority party organizes the House. It elects its Speaker, chairs its committees, holds majorities on its committees, selects its officers, and manages its legisl... |
train_11719 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | California is experiencing serious water shortages due to widespread drought. Even though much of the state is served by two large water infrastructure projects that store water for future use—the federal Central Valley Project (CVP) and the State Water Project (SWP)—both projects have had to reduce water deliveries to... | [
"Since 2008, California has experienced more dry years than it has wet years. Drought conditions in California are currently \"exceptional\" and \"extreme\" in much of the state, including in prime agricultural areas of the Central Valley, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor (see Figure 1 ). Such conditions pose ... |
train_11720 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | U.S. relations with India depend largely on India's political leadership. India's 2004 nationalelections ended governance by the center-right coalition headed by Prime Minister Atal BihariVajpayee and brought in a new center-left coalition led by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Following the upset victory for the histor... | [
"India is a federal republic of more than one billion inhabitants. The bulk of executive powerrests with the prime minister and his or her cabinet (the Indian president is a ceremonial chief of statewith limited executive powers). Most of India's prime ministers have come from the country'sHindi-speaking northern r... |
train_11721 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created in 1958 by the National Aeronautics and Space Act (P.L. 85-568) to conduct civilian space and aeronautics activities. It has four mission directorates. The Science Mission Directorate manages robotic science missions, such as the Hubble Space Telescop... | [
"T he National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created in 1958 by the National Aeronautics and Space Act (P.L. 85-568) to conduct civilian space and aeronautics activities. It has four mission directorates. The Science Mission Directorate manages robotic science missions, such as the Hubble Space Te... |
train_11722 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Concern about mercury in the environment has increased in recent years due to emerging evidencehat exposure to low levels of mercury may harm the developing rvous systems of unborn children. At least five bills in the 109 th Congress aim to reduce mercury emissions from coal-fired electric utilities. The various propos... | [
"Congressional concern about mercury in the environment has greatly increased in recent years due to emerging scientific evidence that exposure to low levels of mercury may harm the developing nervous systems of young children. At higher levels of exposure, mercury is known to be a potent neurotoxin. People in the ... |
train_11723 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Defense Production Act (DPA) of 1950 (P.L. 81-774, 50 U.S.C. Appx §2061 et seq.), as amended, confers upon the President a broad set of authorities to influence domestic industry in the interest of national defense. The authorities can be used across the federal government to shape the domestic industrial base so t... | [
"The Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended (DPA), provides the President a broad set of authorities to ensure that domestic industry can meet national defense requirements. In the DPA, Congress has found that \"the security of the United States is dependent on the ability of the domestic industrial base to sup... |
train_11724 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Pacific Islands region, also known as the South Pacific or Southwest Pacific, presents Congress with a diverse array of policy issues. It is a strategically important region with which the United States shares many interests with Australia and New Zealand. The region has attracted growing diplomatic and economic en... | [
"The Pacific Islands region, also known as the South Pacific or Southwest Pacific, presents Congress with a diverse array of policy issues. It is a strategically important region that encompasses U.S. Pacific territories. U.S. relations with Australia and New Zealand include pursuing common interests in the Southwe... |
train_11725 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 gave airlines almost total freedom to determine which domestic markets to serve and what airfares to charge. This raised the concern that communities with relatively low passenger levels would lose service as carriers shifted their operations to serve larger and often more profitabl... | [
"The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 ( P.L. 95-504 ) granted U.S. passenger airlines almost total freedom to determine which domestic markets to serve and what airfares to charge. With the advent of deregulation, there were concerns that small communities would lose air service because airlines would shift their o... |
train_11726 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the agency responsible for the regulation of medical devices. These are a wide range of products that are used to diagnose, treat, monitor, or prevent a disease or condition in a patient. A medical device company must obtain FDA's prior approval or clearance before marketing ma... | [
"In 2002, the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act (MDUFMA, also called MDUFA I) gave the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to collect fees from the medical device industry. User fees and direct appropriations from Congress fund the review of medical devices by the FDA. Medical devices are a... |
train_11727 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In response to the disclosure of various National Security Agency (NSA) surveillance and data collection programs, a number of legislative changes to the government's intelligence operations authority have been suggested. Under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA), the Foreign Intelligence Surveilla... | [
"In response to the disclosure of various National Security Agency (NSA) surveillance and data collection programs, a number of legislative changes to the government's intelligence operations authority have been suggested. Many of these proposals include amendments to the practices and procedures of the Foreign Int... |
train_11728 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1963, responding to projections of an impending physician shortage, Congress passed the Health Professions Educational Assistance Act (P.L. 88-129). This act was the first comprehensive legislation to address the supply of health care providers. Relevant programs, authorized in Title VII of the Public Health Service... | [
"In 1963, responding to projections of an impending physician shortage, Congress passed the Health Professions Educational Assistance Act (P.L. 88-129) to support the training of health professionals. This act, which authorized grants for the construction of new teaching facilities, was the first comprehensive legi... |
train_11729 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Cyberspace is defined by the Department of Defense as a global domain consisting of the interdependent networks of information technology infrastructures and resident data, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers. Attacks in cyberspace have seemingl... | [
"Cyberspace has taken on increased strategic importance as states have begun to think of it as yet another domain—similar to land, sea, and air—that must be secured to protect their national interests. Cyberspace is another dimension, with the potential for both cooperation and conflict. The Obama Administration's ... |
train_11730 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Navy's proposed FY2012 budget requests about $2.4 billion for the procurement of 28 F/A-18E/F Super Hornet strike fighters and about $1.1 billion for the procurement of 12 EA-18G Growler electronic attack aircraft. The F-18s will be procured under a multiyear procurement contract approved by Congress in FY2011. FY2... | [
"The Navy has been procuring F/A-18E/F Super Hornet strike fighters since FY1997. Super Hornets and older F/A-18A/B/C/D Hornets currently account for the majority of the aircraft in the Navy's 10 active-duty aircraft carrier air wings (CVWs)—of the 70 or so aircraft in each CVW, more than 40 typically are Hornets a... |
train_11731 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | President Bush outlined a specific plan to counter WMD proliferation in his National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction of December, 2002. The Administration's plan combinesefforts aimed at counterproliferation, nonproliferation, and WMD consequence management. Theintent, it says, is to eliminate or "roll b... | [
"After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the world's security landscape is said to have undergone a transformation from the seeming stability of the bi-polar balance of power to a system in whichnot only any nation, but sub-national groups as well, may be able to acquire weapons of massdestruction (WMD). Strategies... |
train_11732 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Indian tribes are quasi-sovereign entities that enjoy all the sovereign powers that are not divested by Congress or inconsistent with the tribes' dependence on the United States. As a general rule, this means that Indian tribes cannot exercise criminal or civil jurisdiction over nonmembers. There are two exceptions to ... | [
"Originally, Indian tribes exercised sovereign authority over their territory and the all people within it, including non-Indians. However, Indian tribes lost some of that authority by \"ceding their lands to the United States and announcing their dependence on the Federal Government.\" \"Indian tribes are prohibit... |
train_11733 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Social Security Administration (SSA) is responsible for administering a number of federal entitlement programs that provide income support (cash benefits) to qualified individuals. These programs are Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI), commonly known as Social Security; Supplemental Security Incom... | [
"The Social Security Administration (SSA) oversees programs that touch the lives of millions of American families and are key components of the nation's economic safety net. The Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program, commonly known as Social Security, is the most well-known of these programs.... |
train_11734 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Some analysts have questioned whether U.S. security interests in the Asia Pacific region are best served by its existing framework of bilateral alliances. The region is now facing an array of changes: deepening trade links, the formation of new regional institutions, and increased attention to the threat of Islamic ter... | [
"Is the U.S. strategic architecture in Asia well-suited to adjust to the evolving correlates of power in Asia? The region is now facing an array of changes: deepening trade links, the formation of new regional institutions, and increased attention to the threat of Islamic terrorism. Some analysts have questioned wh... |
train_11735 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Multiemployer defined benefit (DB) pension plans are pensions sponsored by more than one employer and maintained as part of a collective bargaining agreement. In DB pensions, participants receive a monthly benefit in retirement that is based on a formula. In multiemployer DB pensions, the formula typically multiplies a... | [
"Pension plans are classified by whether they are sponsored by one employer (single-employer plans) or by more than one employer (multiemployer and multiple employer plans). Multiemployer pension plans are sponsored by employers in the same industry and maintained as part of a collective bargaining agreement. Multi... |
train_11736 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The farm commodity provisions of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, as amended (P.L. 110-246, the 2008 farm bill) expire with the 2013 crop year. Consequently, the 113th Congress has been considering an omnibus farm bill that would establish the direction of agricultural policy for the next five years. On ... | [
"The farm commodity provisions of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, as amended ( P.L. 110-246 , the 2008 farm bill) expire with the 2013 crop year. Consequently, the 113 th Congress has been considering an omnibus farm bill that would establish the direction of agricultural policy. On May 14, 2013, th... |
train_11737 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) provides broad nondiscrimination protection in employment, public services, public accommodations and services operated by private entities, transportation, and telecommunications for individuals with disabilities. This report summarizes the major provisions of the ADA and anal... | [
"The Americans with Disabilities Act, ADA, 42 U.S.C. §§12101 et seq ., has often been described as the most sweeping nondiscrimination legislation since the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It provides broad nondiscrimination protection in employment, public services, public accommodations and services operated by private... |
train_11738 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The interest rates that borrowers pay on federal student loans made through the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan program are specified in statutory language of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended. For the past two years, one type of loan—Direct Subsidized Loans—has been made with a fixed interest rate of 3.... | [
"The William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) program is the primary federal student loan program administered by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). It is authorized by Title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (HEA; P.L. 89-329). Four types of federal student loans are currently made av... |
train_11739 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On July 8, 2014, the Administration requested $4,346 million in FY2014 supplemental appropriations to address two issues: the surge in both unaccompanied and escorted children illegally crossing the southwest border, and a shortfall in federal funding to pay the costs of wildfires. The appropriations were requested to ... | [
"On July 8, 2014, the Administration requested $4,346 million in FY2014 supplemental appropriations to address two issues: the federal costs of managing the surge of both unaccompanied alien children (UAC) and escorted alien children illegally crossing the southwest border, and a projected shortfall in federal fund... |
train_11740 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title IV-E of the Social Security Act authorizes states to seek federal reimbursement forcertain costs of providing foster care for children who can no longer safely remain in their homes. The statute permits states to make a claim for federal reimbursement of costs that are linked toproviding foster care to each feder... | [
"A1. Review Dates and Outcomes Individually by State a Source: Prepared by CRS based on analysis of state Title IV-E Foster Care Eligibility Review final reports. a. Includes only those 43 state reviews with a six month period under review after Mar. 25, 2001, the date that all aspects of the final rule were effect... |
train_11741 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since FY2006, the United States government has provided more than $200 billion for programs providing security assistance and security cooperation to foreign countries. The Departments of State (DOS) and Defense (DOD) are the primary U.S. government agencies involved in providing security sector assistance and related ... | [
"U.S. security sector assistance to foreign countries is funded primarily in the foreign affairs and defense budgets. As the 115 th Congress considers its spending priorities for the coming fiscal year, the magnitude, trends, and uses of such assistance may be examined and debated. The Department of State, Foreign ... |
train_11742 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | When the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was negotiated more than two decades ago, textiles and apparel were among the industrial sectors most sensitive to the agreement's terms. NAFTA, which was implemented on January 1, 1994, has encouraged the integration of textile and apparel production in the United S... | [
"On May 18, 2017, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) formally notified Congress of the Trump Administration's intent to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). As during the original NAFTA negotiations in the early 1990s among the United States, Canada, and Mexico, textile and a... |
train_11743 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In a splintered, complex decision, the U.S. Supreme Court in League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) v. Perry largely upheld a Texas congressional redistricting plan that was drawn mid-decade against claims of unconstitutional partisan gerrymandering. The Court invalidated one Texas congressional district, Dis... | [
"Following the 2000 census, Texas was apportioned two additional congressional seats. Subsequently, the state legislature was unable to enact a redistricting map, resulting in litigation and, ultimately, imposition of a court-ordered congressional redistricting plan. The 2002 election was held under the court-order... |
train_11744 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In recent decades, it has become more common for the National Park Service (NPS) to own and manage units of the National Park System in partnership with others in the federal, tribal, state, local, or private sectors. Such units of the park system are often called partnership parks. Congressional interest in partnershi... | [
"T he partnership parks of the National Park System are those units that the National Park Service (NPS) owns and/or manages along with one or more partners in the federal, tribal, state, local, or private sectors. The partnership parks differ from traditional units of the National Park System, in which NPS is the ... |
train_11745 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | During the 110th Congress, the House and Senate's campaign finance work has overlapped in three areas. First and most significantly, a lobbying and ethics law enacted in September 2007, the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act (HLOGA; P.L. 110-81, which was S. 1), contains some campaign finance provisions. Second,... | [
"Federal campaign finance law emphasizes limits on contributions, restrictions on funding sources, and public disclosure of information about fundraising and spending. These goals and others are embodied in the 1971 Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA), which remains the cornerstone of the nation's campaign finance... |
train_11746 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Multiemployer defined benefit (DB) pension plans are pensions sponsored by more than one employer and maintained as part of a collective bargaining agreement. About 3.1% of all DB pension plans, covering 28% of all DB pension plan participants, are multiemployer plans. Nearly all of the remaining DB pension plans are m... | [
"A pension is a voluntary benefit offered by employers to assist employees in providing for their financial security in retirement. Department of Labor (DOL) data in 2017 indicated that 65% of full-time workers in the United States participated in a retirement plan sponsored by their employer. The two types of pens... |
train_11747 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many Americans take dietary supplements (e.g., vitamins, herbs, sports nutrition supplements) with the intention of meeting their nutritional needs, as well as to improve or maintain their overall health. These consumers want accurate information on the effectiveness and proper use of dietary supplements and access to ... | [
"Dietary supplements are marketed for nutritional support and health promotion, as well as for a number of other uses, including weight loss and sports performance enhancement. These products come in pill, capsule, and liquid form, as well as in forms that may appear similar to conventional food or beverages. Dieta... |
train_11748 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Motor vehicles and vehicle parts accounted for more than 20% of the total value of U.S. merchandise trade with Canada and Mexico in 2016, making them the largest category of manufactured products traded among the United States, Mexico, and Canada. Since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) took effect in Jan... | [
"Under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which took effect in January 1994, motor vehicle and vehicle parts manufacturers have integrated their production operations in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. President Donald Trump has criticized the agreement, and on May 18, 2017, the Trump Administr... |
train_11749 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Emergency Food and Shelter (EFS) Program allocates funds to local communities to fund homeless programs including soup kitchens, food banks, shelters, and homeless prevention services. The EFS program is part of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and after Hurricane Katrina struck, some questions arose... | [
"The Emergency Food and Shelter (EFS) program, the oldest federal program serving the homeless, was established in March 1983. The program was first funded through an emergency jobs appropriation bill ( P.L. 98-8 ) in which Congress allocated $50 million to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to provide ... |
train_11750 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congressional recognition of the role patents play in promoting innovation and economic growth has resulted in the introduction of legislation proposing changes to the patent system. Among other goals, these changes would potentially decrease the cost of resolving disputes concerning patents, increase commercial certai... | [
"Increased congressional interest in the patent system has reflected growing recognition of the role patents play in promoting innovation and economic growth. In recent years, a number of bills have proposed changes to the patent system designed to address perceived deficiencies. Several of these bills would have a... |
train_11751 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides a snapshot of China's leading political institutions and current leaders in the form of nine organization charts and three tables. The report is a companion to CRS Report R41007, Understanding China's Political System, by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed], which provides a detailed ... | [
"This report provides a concise, chart- and table-based introduction to China's political institutions and current leaders. The report is intended to assist Members and their staffs seeking to understand where political institutions or individuals fit within the broader Chinese political system and to identify whic... |
train_11752 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court concluded in Roe v. Wade that the U.S. Constitution protects a woman's decision to terminate her pregnancy. In a companion decision, Doe v. Bolton, the Court found that a state may not unduly burden the exercise of that fundamental right with regulations that prohibit or substantially li... | [
"I n 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court concluded in Roe v. Wade that the U.S. Constitution protects a woman's decision to terminate her pregnancy. In a companion decision, Doe v. Bolton , the Court found that a state may not unduly burden t he exercise of that fundamental right with regulations that prohibit or substant... |
train_11753 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Federal policymakers have long been interested in the potential of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) as a mitigation strategy for lowering global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). Congress has appropriated more than $7 billion since FY2008 to CCS activities at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The Obama Admini... | [
"The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (Recovery Act; P.L. 111-5 , enacted February 17, 2009) provided $3.4 billion for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) projects and activities at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The large and rapid influx of funding for industrial-scale CCS projects was intended to ... |
train_11754 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has long been interested in defense acquisition and generally exercises its legislative powers to affect defense acquisitions through Title VIII of the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), entitled Acquisition Policy, Acquisition Management, and Related Matters. Congress has been particularly active in l... | [
"The Department of Defense (DOD) relies extensively on contractors to equip and support the U.S. military in peacetime and during military operations. Contractors design, develop, and build advanced weapon and business systems, construct military bases around the world, and provide services such as intelligence ana... |
train_11755 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Persons suspected of criminal or terrorist activity may be transferred from one State (i.e., country) to another for arrest, detention, and/or interrogation. Commonly, this is done through extradition, by which one State surrenders a person within its jurisdiction to a requesting State via a formal legal process, typic... | [
"Persons suspected of terrorist or criminal activity may be transferred from one State (i.e., country) to another to answer charges against them. The surrender of a fugitive from one State to another is generally referred to as rendition . A distinct form of rendition is extradition , by which one State surrenders ... |
train_11756 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | College affordability is an issue that has received considerable attention from federal policy makers in recent years as concerns have arisen that a college education may be out of reach for an increasing number of students and families. While there is little disagreement that escalating college prices pose a problem, ... | [
"Amidst concerns about college affordability, and suggestions that increases in student aid may help to fuel college price increases, numerous congressional requesters have asked for a product that examines what is actually known about the relationship between student aid and college prices. This report has been un... |
train_11757 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report introduces two general methods of accounting—the cash basis method and accrual basis method. The choice of accounting method determines the timing of the recognition of revenue and expenses. Under cash basis accounting, revenue and expenses are recorded when cash is actually paid or received. Under accrual ... | [
"Businesses generally use one of two accounting methods for calculating their federal tax liabilities or for financial reporting. The choice of accounting method determines the timing of the recognition of revenue and expenses. Under cash basis accounting, revenue and expenses are recorded when cash is actually pai... |
train_11758 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress approved an FY2008 Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R. 2764) during the week of December 17, 2007, that included some emergency supplemental funding for international affairs requested by the White House. The President signed the spending measure on December 26 (P.L. 110-161). The White House had submitted e... | [
"In February 2008, when the Administration sent its FY2009 budget request to Congress, the Department of State also provided its estimates of the FY2008 emergency supplemental funds, by account. Some funds differ from that in the legislation because the department allocated some supplementals into the regular base ... |
train_11759 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report reviews the historical record regarding the uses of U.S. military force ina "preemptive" manner, anissue that emerged during public debates prior to the use of U.S. military force against Iraq in 2003. It examinesand comments on military actions taken by theUnited States that could be reasonably interpreted... | [
"RS21311 -- U.S. Use of Preemptive Military Force Updated April 11, 2003 During the summer and fall of 2002, the question of the possible use of \"preemptive\" military force by the United States to defend its security was raised byPresident Bush and members of his Administration, including possible use of such for... |
train_11760 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides information describing the federal civil remedies and criminal penalties that may be available as a consequence of violations of the federal intellectual property laws: the Copyright Act of 1976, the Patent Act of 1952, the Trademark Act of 1946 (conventionally known as the Lanham Act), and the Eco... | [
"T his report summarizes the federal civil remedies and criminal penalties that may be available for violations of the rights granted by the federal intellectual property laws: the Copyright Act of 1976, the Patent Act of 1952, the Trademark Act of 1946 (conventionally known as the Lanham Act), and the Economic Esp... |
train_11761 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has broad authority pursuant to the Commerce Clause to enact laws in areas that may overlap with traditional state jurisdiction. As such, Congress has passed complex statutory provisions that regulate the possession, receipt, transfer, and manufacture of firearms and ammunition. Generally, courts have upheld t... | [
"The U.S. Constitution specifies the enumerated powers of the federal government. These powers, however, have been interpreted broadly so as to create a large potential overlap with state authority. States may generally legislate on all matters within their territorial jurisdiction. Indeed, criminal law, family law... |
train_11762 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the ongoing energy debate in Congress, one recurring issue has been whether to allow oil and gas development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR, or the Refuge) in northeastern Alaska. ANWR is rich in fauna and flora and also has significant oil and natural gas potential. Energy development in the Refuge ha... | [
"The prospect of oil development in the biologically rich ecosystem of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR, or the Refuge), on Alaska's North Slope, has been a focus of the American energy debate ever since oil was discovered on nearby state lands. At the heart of the debate is a part of the Refuge that has p... |
train_11763 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the 2010 decennial census, the Census Bureau counted the total population of the United States. This included, as in previous censuses, all U.S. citizens, lawfully present aliens, and unauthorized aliens. Some have suggested excluding aliens, particularly those who are in the country unlawfully, from the census coun... | [
"In the 2010 census, as in prior decennial censuses, the total population of the United States was counted, including U.S. citizens, lawfully present aliens, and unauthorized aliens. Some have asked whether aliens, particularly those in the country unlawfully, should be excluded from the census count. It appears on... |
train_11764 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report focuses on a technique—earned value management (EVM)—for overseeing the cost, schedule, and performance of major capital investments during the investment process (e.g., information technology systems, structures, weapons systems). EVM provides metrics to help inform assessments of whether capital investmen... | [
"For the federal government, capital investments include development and acquisition of major capital assets, such as equipment (e.g., hardware for weapons systems, satellites, and information technology (IT)); structures (e.g., the Capitol Visitor Center); intellectual property (e.g., software); and combinations t... |
train_11765 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Controversy has arisen over the funded status of some state and local government pension plans. It has been reported that several of these plans have not fully funded their future obligations and they could face substantial future shortfalls. While there is considerable debate over whether this is a problem that needs ... | [
"Public pension plans, also referred to as governmental plans, are generally plans that provide retirement or deferred income to employees of the U.S. government, a state government or its political subdivision, or any agency or instrumentality of those governments. According to a 2010 GAO report, approximately 20 ... |
train_11766 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides services and benefits such as hospital andmedical care, rehabilitation services, and pensions, among other things, to veterans who meet certaineligibility criteria. VA provides these benefits and services through four administrative units: theVeterans Health Administrati... | [
"Pharmacy Co-payments (formerly collected in theHealth Services Improvement Fund -- HSIF). In FY2002, Congresscreated a new fund (Health Services Improvement Fund) to collect increases inpharmacy copayments (from $2 to $7 for a 30-day supply of outpatient medication)that went into effect on February 4, 2002. The Co... |
train_11767 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed into law a comprehensive health care reform bill, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA; P.L. 111-148), which would, among other changes, make statutory changes to the Medicare program. The U.S. House of Representatives also passed an amendment in the nature of ... | [
"On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed into law a comprehensive health care reform bill, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA; P.L. 111-148 ). The Act contains numerous provisions affecting Medicare payments, payment rules, covered benefits, and the delivery of care. The U.S. House of Represent... |
train_11768 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has an interest in the cost and effectiveness of foreign affairs activities that promote U.S. interests overseas. The Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA, P.L. 112-25), as amended by the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (P.L. 112-240/H.R. 8, signed into law on January 2, 2013) required across-the-board reducti... | [
"Across-the-board funding reductions (sequestration) have reduced most discretionary appropriations and direct spending within the federal budget in FY2013. While much of the congressional debate on sequestration has focused on defense budget cuts, some Members of Congress, Secretary of State John Kerry, and foreig... |
train_11769 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This short report provides information on Bulgaria's current political and economic situation, and foreign policy. It also discusses U.S. policy toward Bulgaria. This report will be updated as warranted. | [
"Bulgaria is a parliamentary democracy that has held generally free and fair elections since the overthrow of the Communist regime in 1989. Bulgaria held its most recent parliamentary elections on June 25, 2005. The winner of the vote was a coalition led by the left-of-center Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP), which ... |
train_11770 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On October 9, 1999, the President signed the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Act, 2000 ( P.L. 106-69 ). The Act provided $50.2 billion for the Department ofTransportation (DOT). DOT had requested funding similar to the level enacted in P.L. 106-69 . However, the FY2000 Consolidated appropriations act,... | [
"The President signed the Department of Transportation and Related AgenciesAct, 2000 ( P.L. 106-69 ), hereafter referred to as the FY2000 Act, on October 9,1999. The Act provided $50.2 billion for the Department of Transportation (DOT).However, the FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act ( P.L. 106-113 ), mandatesa ... |
train_11771 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Every tax filer has the option to claim deductions when filing their income tax return. Deductions serve four main purposes in the tax code: (1) to account for large, unusual, and necessary personal expenditures, such as extraordinary medical expenses; (2) to encourage certain types of activities, such as homeownership... | [
"T his report provides an overview of income tax deductions for individuals. A tax deduction reduces the amount of a tax filer's income that is subject to taxation, ultimately reducing the tax filer's tax liability. Every tax filer has the option to claim deductions when filing their income tax return. However, som... |
train_11772 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of federal statutes in their various forms, as well as basic guidance for congressional staff interested in researching statutes. When a bill becomes a law, the newly enacted statute may amend or repeal earlier statutes or it may create a new or "freestanding" law. Either way, these new... | [
"When a bill is enacted into law, it may amend or repeal earlier laws, or it may create an entirely new or \"freestanding\" law. Recently enacted laws are first printed individually as separate statutes known as \"slip laws.\" At the end of a Congress, the slip laws are sequentially compiled in the annual federal s... |
train_11773 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The 2004 National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (the 9/11 Commission) cited breakdowns in information sharing and the failure to fuse pertinent intelligence (i.e., "connecting the dots") as key factors in the failure to prevent the 9/11 attacks. Two of the efforts undertaken since 2001 to tackl... | [
"The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (the 9/11 Commission) cited breakdowns in information sharing and the failure to fuse pertinent intelligence (i.e., \"connecting the dots\") as key factors in the failure to prevent the 9/11 attacks. A bipartisan task force of former policy makers... |
train_11774 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Unemployment compensation (UC) benefits have been fully subject to the federal income tax since the passage of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-514). Under tax law, unemployment compensation is a broad category that includes regular state UC benefits, Extended Benefits (EB), Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) benefit... | [
"All unemployment benefits including regular state Unemployment Compensation (UC), extended benefits (EB), Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA), Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA), and railroad unemployment benefits are potentially subject to the federal income tax. For income tax purposes, all temporary benefits,... |
train_11775 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction (MREFC) account of the National Science Foundation (NSF) supports the acquisition and construction of major research facilities and equipment that are to extend the boundaries of science, engineering, and technology. The facilities include telescopes, earth simul... | [
"The Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction (MREFC) account of the National Science Foundation (NSF) was established in FY1995 and supports the acquisition, construction, and commissioning of major research facilities and equipment that are to extend the boundaries of science and engineering. Major re... |
train_11776 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides a broad range of benefits and services to American veterans and to certain members of their families. In addition, the Department of Defense (DOD) offers a variety of benefits to veterans who are also military retirees. When members of the National Guard or... | [
"The United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) provides a broad range of benefits and services to American veterans and to certain members of their families. In addition, the Department of Defense (DOD) offers a variety of benefits to veterans who are also military retirees. Retired members of the National ... |
train_11777 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | It is not a crime to attempt to commit most federal offenses. Unlike state law, federal law has no generally applicable crime of attempt. Congress, however, has outlawed the attempt to commit a substantial number of federal crimes on an individual basis. In doing so, it has proscribed the attempt, set its punishment, a... | [
"Attempt is a crime of general application in every state in the Union, and is largely defined by statute in most. The same cannot be said of federal law. There is no generally applicable federal attempt statute. In fact, it is not a federal crime to attempt to commit most federal offenses. Here and there, Congress... |
train_11778 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The concept that all Americans should be able to afford access to the telecommunications network, commonly called the "universal service concept" can trace its origins back to the 1934 Communications Act. Since then, the preservation and advancement of universal service has been a basic tenet of federal communications ... | [
"The concept that all Americans should be able to afford access to the telecommunications network is commonly called the \"universal service concept.\" This concept can trace its origins back to the 1934 Communications Act. Since then the preservation and advancement of universal service has been a basic tenet of f... |
train_11779 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S.-led war to overthrow Saddam Hussein virtually ended Iraq's ability to militarily threaten the region, but it has produced new and un-anticipated security challenges for the Persian Gulf states (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates). The Gulf states, which are all led by Sunn... | [
"The Persian Gulf region is rich in oil and gas resources but has a history of armed conflict and of challenging U.S. national security. The Gulf states—Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman, bound together in a 1981 alliance called the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)—have experienced three major w... |
train_11780 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On February 17, 2008, Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia. The United States and 22 of the 27 European Union countries have recognized Kosovo's independence. The Kosovo government claims that 98 countries in all have extended diplomatic recognition to it. EULEX, a European Union-led law-and-order mission, is t... | [
"On February 17, 2008, Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia, sparking celebration among the country's ethnic Albanians, who form over 90% of the country's population. Serbia and the Kosovo Serb minority heatedly objected to the declaration and refused to recognize it. Serbia continues to view Kosovo as its ... |
train_11781 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the 1970s, Morocco and the independence-seeking Popular Front for the Liberation of Saqiat al Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario) have vied, at times violently, for control of the Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony. In 1991, the United Nations (U.N.) arranged a cease-fire and proposed a settlement plan calling ... | [
"The territory now known as the Western Sahara became a Spanish possession in 1881. In the mid-1970s, Spain prepared to decolonize the region, intending to transform it into a closely aligned independent state after a referendum on self-determination. Morocco and Mauritania opposed Spain's plan and each claimed the... |
train_11782 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In Paul v. Virginia (75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 168 (1868)), the Supreme Court ruled that "[i]ssuing a policy of insurance is not a transaction of [interstate] commerce." United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n. (322 U.S. 533 (1944)) held that the federal antitrust laws were applicable to an insurance association's in... | [
"In Paul v. Virginia (75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 168 (1868)), the Supreme Court ruled that \"[i]ssuing a policy of insurance is not a transaction of [interstate] commerce.\" United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Ass ' n. (322 U.S. 533 (1944)) held that the federal antitrust laws were applicable to an insurance associa... |
train_11783 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report examines the implications for agriculture of the ongoing but inconclusive debate about global climate change. In that debate, agriculture's role is multifaceted. Agriculture is both a source of several greenhouse gases (GHGs) and a "sink" for absorbing carbon dioxide, the most common GHG, thereby partly off... | [
"This report examines the implications for agriculture of the ongoing but inconclusive debate about global climate change. Whatever the current or future Congresses may do regarding climate legislation, interest in existing and prospective governmental and private sector responses will surely continue. Existing gov... |
train_11784 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Countries in Latin America serve as source, transit, and destination countries for trafficking in persons (TIP). Victims are exploited within their own countries and trafficked to other countries in the region. Latin America is also a primary source region for people trafficked to the United States, including by transn... | [
"Trafficking in persons (TIP), also commonly referred to as human trafficking, forced labor, or modern slavery, is considered to be one of today's leading criminal enterprises that affects virtually all countries around the globe. In 2012, the International Labor Organization (ILO) estimated that there were some 20... |
train_11785 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In light of Elena Kagan's nomination to serve as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, this report analyzes then-Professor Kagan's views of executive power and the doctrine of separation of powers as laid most extensively out in her 2001 Harvard Law Review article Presidential Administration. This re... | [
"In 2001, the Harvard Law Review published Presidential Administration by then-Visiting Professor of Law Elena Kagan. Drawing heavily from her experiences as a member of the White House Counsel's office and as Deputy Assistant to President William J. Clinton for Domestic Policy, Professor Kagan articulates both a p... |
train_11786 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since India and Pakistan tested nuclear weapons in 1998, there has been a debate on whether the United States should provide assistance in making those weapons safer and more secure. In thewake of September 11, 2001, interest in this kind of assistance has grown for several reasons: thepossibility of terrorists gaining... | [
"The September 11, 2001 attacks reinforced the importance of efforts to stop the proliferationof weapons of mass destruction. In particular, many analysts agree that some countries need greaterprotection against terrorist access to weapons of mass destruction (WMD) on their territories. Thereport of the 9/11 Commis... |
train_11787 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The aging of the population of the United States, hastened by the impending retirement of the huge baby-boom generation, has caused some policy-makers to question whether the U.S. Social Security system can meet the demands for retirement benefits in the future. The financial health of the system, which is largely fina... | [
"Social Security's financing problems ... are very large and serious. People are living longer, the first baby-boomers are nearing retirement, and the birth rate is low. The result is that the worker-to-beneficiary ratio has fallen from 16.5-to-1 in 1950 to 3.3-to-1 today. Within 40 years it will be 2-to-1. At this... |
train_11788 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the 1990s, the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean have been a focus ofUnited States trade policy, as demonstrated by the passage of the North American Free TradeAgreement (NAFTA), the U.S.-Chile Free Trade Agreement, and, more recently, the CentralAmerica-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-D... | [
"Regional trade agreements (RTAs) are trade arrangements under which member-countriesgrant each other preferential treatment in trade. RTAs may be categorized as bilateral, multilateral,or sub-regional. With no formal definitions, these terms are sometimes used loosely to describevarious groupings. A bilateral trad... |
train_11789 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress enacted the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) provisions as part of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970. In spite of its name and origin, RICO is not limited to "mobsters" or members of "organized crime" as those terms are popularly understood. Rather, it covers those activities ... | [
"Congress enacted the federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) provisions as part of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970. In spite of its name and origin, RICO is not limited to \"mobsters\" or members of \"organized crime,\" as those terms are popularly understood. Rather, it covers those a... |
train_11790 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | While Section 271(a) of the Patent Act (35 U.S.C. § 271(a)) creates liability for someone who directly infringes a patent (by the unauthorized use of a patented invention), Section 271(b) of the act provides indirect infringement liability for someone who "actively induces" another party to engage in infringing activit... | [
"While Section 271(a) of the Patent Act creates strict liability for someone who directly infringes a patent, Section 271(b) of the Patent Act provides indirect infringement liability for \"[w]hoever actively induces infringement of a patent.\" This succinct and seemingly straightforward statutory text was the subj... |
train_11791 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The FY2010 Agriculture appropriations bill provides funding for all of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) except the Forest Service, plus the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). Appropriations jurisdiction for the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is ... | [
"The FY2010 Agriculture appropriations bill ( P.L. 111-80 ) was enacted on October 21, 2009. The House passed the conference agreement ( H.Rept. 111-279 to H.R. 2997 ) on October 7, 2009, by a vote of 263-162. The Senate passed it one day later on October 8 by a vote of 76-22. The act contains $121.1 billion, 12% m... |
train_11792 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of actions taken by Congress to provide FY2010 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS). This report uses the House report to accompany H.R. 2847 (H.Rept. 111-149) and the text of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 111-32), as the source for... | [
"The Administration requested a total budget authority of $67.551 billion in budget authority for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) for FY2010. This amounts to a $6.904 billion, or 11.1% increase over the $60.79 billion enacted for FY2009 (not including funding included in the American Recovery... |
train_11793 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For well over a decade international terrorism has been a major concern of the U.S. Intelligence Community. Collection assets of all kinds have long been focusedon Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups. Intensive analytical expertise has been devoted to determining such groups'memberships, locations, and plans. Intellige... | [
"The struggle against international terrorism places new and difficult demands on the U.S. IntelligenceCommunity. Acquiring information about the composition,location, capabilities, plans, and ambitions of terrorist groups is an enormous challenge for intelligence agencies;meeting this challenge requires different ... |
train_11794 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is designed to protect species from extinction, but it includes an exemption process for those unusual cases where the public benefit from an action is determined to outweigh the harm to the species. This process was created by a 1978 amendment to the ESA, but it is rarely used. This re... | [
"The Endangered Species Act (ESA) provides for the listing and protection of species that are endangered or threatened with extinction. Listing a species results in limitations on activities that could affect that species and in penalties for the taking (as defined in the ESA) of individuals of a listed species. Fe... |
train_11795 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The most recent recession led to an unprecedented increase in the number of those unemployed for more than 26 weeks (the long-term unemployed). As a result, congressional interest in policy initiatives to expedite the return to work grew. This report examines a variety of initiatives and measures within the Unemploymen... | [
"Policy makers and analysts have searched for methods to speed the return to work of unemployment compensation (UC) recipients with varying levels of intensity. The most recent recession led to an unprecedented increase in the number of workers unemployed for more than 26 weeks (the long-term unemployed). As a resu... |
train_11796 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On May 2, 2010, the Eurozone member states and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) announced an unprecedented €110 billion (about $145 billion) financial assistance package for Greece. The following week, on May 9, 2010, EU leaders announced that they would make an additional €500 billion (about $636 billion) in fina... | [
"The Eurozone refers to the group of European Union (EU) countries that use the euro (€) as their national currency. The euro was introduced in 1999 as an accounting currency and in 2002 as physical currency in circulation. The Eurozone originally included 11 countries and has since expanded to 16 countries. Greece... |
train_11797 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | On May 11, 2009, President Obama requested $4.474 billion for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) FY2010 budget. This amount was $109 million (2.5%) more than the FY2009 enacted appropriation of $4.365 billion. Administration priorities for the NOAA budget included satellite programs, climate... | [
"The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), part of the Department of Commerce, conducts scientific research in areas such as marine and coastal ecosystems, climate, and weather; supplies information on the oceans and atmosphere; and provides stewardship of coastal and marine species and environmen... |
train_11798 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The mental health of veterans—and particularly veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF)—has been a topic of ongoing concern to Members of Congress and their constituents, as evidenced by hearings and legislation. Knowing the number of veterans affected by various mental disorders and actions ... | [
"The mental health of veterans—and particularly veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) —has been a topic of ongoing concern to Members of Congress and their constituents, as evidenced by hearings and legislation. Knowing the number of veterans affected by various mental disorders and ac... |
train_11799 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report analyzes the conflict between Israel and two U.S. State Department-designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs), the Lebanese Shiite Muslim group Hezbollah and the radical Palestinian Hamas organization. On July 12, 2006, what had been a localized conflict between Israel and Palestinian militants in th... | [
"Hezbollah's July 12, 2006, attack in northern Israel, in which two Israeli soldiers were kidnapped, elicited an Israeli military response that again embroiled the region in a multi-dimensional conflict. The month-long war touched upon an array of critical U.S. foreign policy issues in the Middle East, ranging from... |
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