id string | question string | answer string | documents list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_14200 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Patents and regulatory exclusivities have each been the subject of congressional interest in recent years. Patents, which are administered by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), allow for a uniform 20-year term of protection for a variety of inventions. In contrast, regulatory exclusivities apply to drugs and... | [
"Both patents and regulatory exclusivities have been the subject of congressional interest in recent years. The 112 th Congress made significant changes to the patent system through the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act (AIA). The 113 th Congress considered additional patent system reforms, including the Innovation A... |
train_14201 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Media projections may be based both on exit polls and on information acquired as toactual ballot counts. The FirstAmendment would generally preclude Congress from prohibiting the media from interviewing voters after they exitthe polls. It apparently would also precludeCongress from prohibiting the media from reporting ... | [
"RS20762 -- Election Projections: First Amendment Issues Updated January 23, 2001 Media projections are speech, and the First Amendment provides that \"Congress shall make no law . . . abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press.\" It ispossible, however, though by no means certain, that Congress could limit t... |
train_14202 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (DL) program, authorized under Title IV, Part D of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA), as amended, is the primary federal student loan program administered by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). The program makes available loans to undergraduate and graduate students and t... | [
"The William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (DL) program—authorized under Title IV, Part D of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA), as amended, and administered by the U.S. Department of Education (ED)—is the primary source of federal student loans. Several types of loans are offered through the DL program: Subsidiz... |
train_14203 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The automobile industry, a key sector in China's industrialization and modernization efforts, has been developing rapidly since the 1990s. In recent years, China has become the world's largest automotive producer, with annual vehicle output of over 18 million units in 2011. China is now also the world's biggest market ... | [
"One of the most significant developments in China's industrialization is the growth of China's automotive industry, which is a catalyst for many other linked sectors of its economy. China's focus on its auto industry and the supporting infrastructure and development patterns could have significant implications for... |
train_14204 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) had numerous provisions affecting private health insurance and public health coverage programs. This report provides resources to help congressional staff respond to constituents' frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the ACA. It lists sel... | [
"T his report provides resources to help congressional staff respond to constituents' frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148 , as amended). The report lists selected resources regarding consumers, employers, and other stakeholders, with a focus on f... |
train_14205 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Over the past few decades, the U.S. Supreme Court has issued several decisions regarding public displays of religious symbols. Although a few of these cases have involved temporary religious holiday displays, the more recent cases have involved permanent monuments of religious symbols, specifically the Ten Commandments... | [
"Public displays of religious symbols, including Ten Commandments monuments, are subject to review under the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The Establishment Clause provides that \"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion.\" When a religious symbol is... |
train_14206 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Approximately 13 years ago, in December 1988, the first military base closure commission recommended the closing and realignment of 145 U.S. domestic bases and facilities. This action wasthe consequence of the Department of Defense's broad reevaluation of its mission in conjunctionwith the weakening and ultimate collap... | [
"This report provides information on the current status of U.S. military base closures andrealignments. It includes data on domestic bases, including U.S. territories. The report also provides information on the costs and savings associated with implementation of domestic base closings andrealignments. (1) From 197... |
train_14207 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In March 2005, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the first national emission standards for mercury emissions from electric power plants. EPA studies conclude that about 6% of American women of child-bearing age have blood mercury levels sufficient to increase the risk of adverse health effects ... | [
"On May 18, 2005, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated the first national standards for mercury emissions from coal-fired electric power plants. Mercury is a potent neurotoxin that can cause adverse health effects (principally delayed development, neurological defects, and lower IQ in fetuses ... |
train_14208 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many counties are compensated for the presence of federal lands within their boundaries because these lands are exempt from local taxes. Counties with lands under the primary jurisdiction of the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) are compensated through the National Wildlife Refuge Fund (NWRF). Counties have argued that t... | [
"Federal lands cannot be taxed by state and local governments. However, state and local governments have argued that federal lands are not only lost to the tax base, but also impose a burden on local taxpayers through demands for services such as law enforcement or search and rescue actions, which are commonly supp... |
train_14209 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The question is frequently asked whether Congress can enact retroactive tax legislation. It can be an important one for Congress because (1) an ever-growing number of tax provisions have expiration dates and some may not always be extended in a timely manner; (2) an interest in finding new revenue can encourage making ... | [
"It is quite common for Congress to enact tax legislation that applies retroactively. Typically, such legislation is retroactive back to the beginning of the year of enactment, but other periods are sometimes used as well. One question often asked is whether legislation that amends the federal tax laws in a way tha... |
train_14210 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report profiles significant legislation, including floor votes, that authorized the use of presidential Trade Promotion Authority (TPA)—previously known as fast-track trade negotiating authority—since its inception in 1974. The report also includes a list of floor votes since 1979 on implementing legislation for t... | [
"Fast-track is an expedited procedure for congressional consideration of certain trade agreements. This process is tied to the President's authority provided by Congress to enter into trade agreements to reduce U.S. tariff and non-tariff barriers with other countries. The fast-track authority provides that Congress... |
train_14211 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Innovative individuals and firms have increasingly engaged in collaborative research. Thegreater complexity of modern technology, heightened specialization in advanced fields, improvedmeans of communications, and the desire to share the risks and expenses of high technology researchhave each contributed to this trend. ... | [
"Technological development has increasingly resulted from cooperative ventures formedbetween and among the private sector, universities, and government entities. (12) Several developments inthe modern research environment have contributed to this trend towards collaboration. One factoris the growth of the communica... |
train_14212 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report is intended to provide information that might be of interest to Congress on the current debate surrounding the creation of special U.S. Army units and organizations, which some believe are needed to address current and future security requirements. While the Army has recently changed from a division-based f... | [
"The United States Armyâconsisting of Active, National Guard, and Reserve unitsâis required to [b]e able to conduct joint, multinational operations anywhere across the spectrum of operations. This spectrum ranges from the low endâemphasizing stability and civil support operationsâto the high endâemphasizi... |
train_14213 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | With the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), many observers have made a fresh assessment of where America's homeland security enterprise stands today. DHS is currently the third-largest department in the federal government, although it does not incorporate all of the home... | [
"This question has dogged U.S. public policy debates for more than a decade. There is no statutory definition of homeland security that reflects the breadth of the enterprise as currently understood. Although there is a federal Department of Homeland Security, it is neither solely dedicated to homeland security mis... |
train_14214 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Technological advancement, financial incentives, and policy concerns have driven a global expansion in the development of renewable energy resources. Wind energy, in particular, is often cited as one of the fastest-growing commercial energy sources in the world. Currently, all U.S. wind energy facilities are based on l... | [
"Technological advancements and tax incentives have driven a global expansion in the development of renewable energy resources. Wind energy, in particular, has been cited as the fastest-growing source of new electric power generation, and U.S. wind energy production capacity has been increasing consistently over th... |
train_14215 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress passed the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act in 1999, anticipatingwholesale integration in financial services. Since then, markets have not really integrated, and regulatory silos --with fewexceptions -- remain intact. Congress is now exploring federal standards for some aspects of state regulation ofinsurance. Thisrepor... | [
"RS21827 -- Insurance Regulation After the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act April 26, 2004 Summary Congress passed the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act in 1999, anticipatingwholesale integration in financial services. Since then, markets have not really integrated, and regulatory silos --with fewexceptions -- remain intact. Congress i... |
train_14216 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The lifetime appointment of the Chief Justice of the United States is an event of majorsignificance in American politics because of the enormous power that the Supreme Court exercisesas the highest appellate court in the federal judiciary. The Chief Justice, like each of the Court'sother eight Justices, casts one vote ... | [
"The appointment of the Chief Justice of the United States is an infrequent event of majorsignificance in American politics. The appointment of each Justice to the Supreme Court issignificant because of the enormous judicial power that the Court exercises as the highest appellatecourt in the federal judiciary. The ... |
train_14217 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | One way that federal law regulates groups participating in election activities is by requiring them to report information on such things as their contributions and expenditures. Reporting requirements are imposed on "political organizations" by the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) and "political committees" by the Federal E... | [
"Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) provides tax-exempt status to \"political organizations,\" while the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) regulates \"political committees.\" The definitions of the two terms are similar, but they do not perfectly coincide. The term \"political organization\" includes... |
train_14218 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | A "lame duck" session of Congress occurs whenever one Congress meets after its successor is elected, but before the term of the current Congress ends. Under present conditions, any meeting of Congress after election day in November, but before the following January 3, is a lame duck session. Prior to 1933, when the Twe... | [
"A \"lame duck\" session of Congress is one that takes place after the election for the next Congress has been held, but before the current Congress has reached the end of its constitutional term. Under contemporary conditions, the constitutional term of a Congress begins on January 3 of each odd-numbered year and ... |
train_14219 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Electronic government (e-government) intersects many legislative issues, including privacy, digital divide (the lack of equal access to computers, whether due to a lack of financial resources ornecessary skills), public access to government information, service delivery, and informationsecurity. E-government solutions ... | [
"Electronic government (e-government) intersects many legislative issues, including privacy,digital divide (the lack of equal access to computers, whether due to a lack of financial resources ornecessary skills), public access to government information, service delivery, and informationsecurity. E-government soluti... |
train_14220 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress is again considering whether to permit drilling for oil and gas in the coastal plainof the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), Alaska, to designate the area as wilderness, or toretain the status quo of maintaining the area as a Refuge without drilling. This area is rich in wildlifeand wilderness values, bu... | [
"Congress is currently considering whether to permit drilling for oil and gas in the coastalplain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), to designate the area as wilderness, or toretain the status quo of maintaining the Refuge without drilling. (1) Current law prohibits theproduction of oil and gas in the R... |
train_14221 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The vast U.S. network of natural gas and hazardous liquid pipelines is integral to U.S. energy supply and has vital links to other critical infrastructure. While an efficient and fundamentally safe means of transport, this network is vulnerable to cyber attacks. In particular, cyber infiltration of supervisory control ... | [
"Over 500,000 miles of high-volume pipeline gather and transport natural gas, oil, and other hazardous liquids across the United States. In addition, nearly 900,000 miles of smaller distribution pipeline deliver natural gas to businesses and homes. This vast pipeline network is integral to U.S. energy supply and ha... |
train_14222 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report responds to frequently asked questions about legislative branch appropriations. Frequently asked questions include the items that are funded within this bill; development, presentation, and consideration of the legislative branch budget requests; the legislative branch budget in historical perspective; and ... | [
"In addition to the Senate and House of Representatives, the legislative branch bill typically funds Joint Items, including the Joint Economic Committee, Joint Committee on Taxation, Office of the Attending Physician, and Office of Congressional Accessibility Services; Capitol Police; Office of Compliance (OOC); Co... |
train_14223 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Unusually cool, wet spring weather followed by widespread June flooding across much of the Corn Belt cast considerable uncertainty over 2008 U.S. corn and soybean production prospects. As much as 5 million acres of crop production were initially thought to be either lost entirely or subject to significant yield reducti... | [
"The United States plays a critical role in global markets for both feed grains and oilseeds. The United States is the world's leading producer and exporter of both corn and soybeans. In 2007 the United States had 42% and 63% shares, respectively, of world corn production and trade, and 32% and 41% shares of world ... |
train_14224 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress passed the Qualifying Industrial Zone (QIZ) program in 1996, as an amendment to the U.S.-Israel Free Trade Agreement (USIFTA) implementing legislation. This narrowly focused program provides duty-free access to the U.S. market for goods produced with certain levels of Israeli and Jordanian; Israeli and Egyptia... | [
"The United States has a number of trade preference programs which offer unilateral/non-reciprocal duty-free treatment for certain products from designated countries meeting specific eligibility requirements. The motivation for these programs can be political and/or economic. The QIZ program, attached to the U.S.-I... |
train_14225 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress delegates rulemaking authority to agencies for a variety of reasons and in a variety of ways. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, as amended) is a particularly noteworthy example of congressional delegation of rulemaking authority to federal agencies. A previous CRS report identified more than... | [
"Federal regulations generally result from an act of Congress and are one significant means by which statutes are implemented and specific requirements are established. Congress delegates rulemaking authority to agencies for a variety of reasons, and in a variety of ways. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care ... |
train_14226 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Workforce Investment Act (WIA), enacted in 1998, is the federal government's primary employment and job training legislation. Title I of WIA—Workforce Investment Systems—authorizes job training and related services to unemployed or underemployed individuals. Funds authorized under Title I, Subtitle B of WIA are all... | [
"The Workforce Investment Act (WIA) was enacted in 1998 and replaced the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) as the federal government's primary employment and job training legislation. Title I of WIA—Workforce Investment Systems—authorizes job training and related services to unemployed or underemployed individual... |
train_14227 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | For decades, federal policymakers and state administrators of governmental assistance programs, such as the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grants (formerly Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)), the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly Food Stamps), the Section 8 Hou... | [
"For decades, federal policymakers and state administrators of governmental assistance programs, such as the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grants (formerly Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)), the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly Food Stamps), the Section ... |
train_14228 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Per the reconciliation instructions in the budget resolution for FY2017 (S.Con.Res. 3), the House passed its reconciliation bill, H.R. 1628—the American Health Care Act (AHCA)—with amendments on May 4, 2017. The House bill was received in the Senate on June 7, 2017, and the next day the Senate majority leader had it pl... | [
"I n January 2017, the House and Senate adopted a budget resolution for FY2017 ( S.Con.Res. 3 ), which reflects an agreement between the chambers on the FY2017 budget and sets forth budgetary levels for FY2018-FY2026. S.Con.Res. 3 also includes reconciliation instructions directing specific committees to develop an... |
train_14229 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (P.L. 108-25) authorized $15 billion for U.S. global efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria from FY2004 through FY2008. It also authorized the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC) to oversee U.S. government ... | [
"On May 30, 2007, President Bush announced that he would request $30 billion for the reauthorization of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), which is the coordinated U.S. government effort to combat HIV/AIDS globally. The President estimated PEPFAR would support treatments for 2.5 million people... |
train_14230 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report answers frequently asked questions about noncitizens and federal income taxes. Noncitizens may be subject to U.S. income taxes when, for example, they work in the United States or they live abroad but have U.S. source income. Noncitizens who may be subject to U.S. income taxes include legal permanent reside... | [
"Noncitizens in or outside the United States may be liable for U.S. income taxes. Under the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), a noncitizen is categorized as either a resident or nonresident alien, which determines the person's tax treatment. In general, a noncitizen is a nonresident alien unless he or she meets the qual... |
train_14231 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The major U.S. interests in the Southwest Pacific are preventing the rise of terrorist threats,working with and maintaining the region's U.S. territories, commonwealths, and military bases(American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Reagan Missile Test Site onKwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands), an... | [
"The major U.S. interests in the Southwest Pacific are preventing the rise of terrorist threats,working with and maintaining the region's U.S. territories, commonwealths, and military bases(American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Reagan Missile Test Site onKwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands... |
train_14232 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Immigration law in the United States has long contained exclusion and removal provisions designed to limit government spending on indigent non-U.S. nationals (aliens). Under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), an alien may be denied admission into the United States or adjustment to lawful permanent resident (LPR... | [
"Immigration law has long contained exclusion and removal provisions designed to limit government spending on indigent non-U.S. nationals (aliens). Even before the advent of federal immigration regulation in the second half of the 19 th century, the laws of some states restricted the entry or continued presence of ... |
train_14233 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | India is the world's second-most populous country with more than 1.3 billion people and is the birthplace of four major world religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism. It is also home to about 180 million Muslims—only Indonesia and Pakistan have more. A small Christian minority includes about 30 million peop... | [
"An officially secular nation, India has a long tradition of religious tolerance (with periodic and sometimes serious lapses), which is protected under its constitution. Although religious discrimination and intolerance of social dissent is hardly new to India, the 2014 election of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya J... |
train_14234 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | After the long economic expansion that characterized much of the current decade, the nation entered its 11th postwar recession in December 2007. The size of job losses and the comparison to the Great Depression intensified congressional interest in passing legislation early in 2009 aimed at encouraging job creation and... | [
"After the long economic expansion that characterized much of the current decade, the nation entered its 11 th postwar recession in December 2007. It was not until November 2008, however, that the Business Cycle Dating Committee of the National Bureau of Economic Research announced that a substantial and widespread... |
train_14235 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | American voters elect the President and Vice President of the United States indirectly, through an arrangement known as the electoral college system. The electoral college system comprises a complex mosaic of constitutional provisions, state and federal laws, and political party rules and practices. Although the electo... | [
"The President and the Vice President of the United States are elected indirectly by an institution known as the electoral college. The U.S. Constitution, in Article II, Section 1, Clause 2, as amended by the 12 th Amendment, together with a series of implementing federal statutes, provides the broad framework thro... |
train_14236 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The term "open source" refers to a computer program that is distributed along with a license, or contract, that requires users of the program to comply with specified conditions. Among thesestipulations are that the source code be distributed along with the software, and that others beallowed to modify the source code ... | [
"An understanding of the fundamentals of modern computer software technology will assist in an understanding of the open source movement. Software programmers typically write softwareprograms using a high level computer language such as Basic, C++, or Java. By using the words,symbols and numbers that make up these ... |
train_14237 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Participants in a CRS seminar on the possible lessons to be learned from other countries' experiences in dealing with terrorism, generally agreed on three things. First, terrorism is a used bya wide variety of groups for a wide variety of ends. Second, the current threat that the United Statesfaces from Islamist terror... | [
"On January 22, 2002, the Congressional Research Service sponsored a seminar on the possiblelessons for U.S. policy from the experiences of other countries in handling their own terrorismchallenges. Although other countries generally have not experienced international terrorist incidentsresembling the events of Sep... |
train_14238 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Wage earnings are the largest source of income for many workers, and wage gains are a primary lever for raising living standards. Reports of stagnant median wages have therefore raised concerns among some that economic growth over the last several decades has not translated into gains for all worker groups. To shed lig... | [
"Wage earnings are the largest source of income for many workers, and wage gains are a primary lever for raising living standards. Evidence that wage growth has stagnated among low- and middle-wage workers has therefore been viewed with concern and has raised questions about the patterns and magnitudes of these tre... |
train_14239 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | China could potentially be a much larger producer and consumer of natural gas than it is now. Despite China's pollution problems and international environmental commitments, the role of natural gas in China's energy mix remains relatively low, particularly compared to the United States. China has announced big plans fo... | [
"When it comes to global supply and demand for natural gas, China is the main wildcard. China is the sixth largest natural gas producer in the world, with its production almost tripling over the course of 2005-2014 (see Figure 1 ). Its natural gas resource base is large, and its shale gas endowment is estimated to ... |
train_14240 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Regulations issued in 1975 (called the 1975 rule in this report) defined investment advice using a five-part test. To be held to ERISA's fiduciary standard with respect to his or her advice, an individual had to (1) make recommendations on investing in, purchasing, or selling securities or other property, or give advic... | [
"On April 8, 2016, the Department of Labor (DOL) issued a final rule (2016 final rule) that expanded the definition of investment advice within employer-sponsored private-sector pension plans and Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs). Individuals who provide recommendations that meet the definition of investment ad... |
train_14241 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Many European countries have large and growing Muslim minorities. This is particularly true for the countries of Western Europe that have experienced influxes of Muslim immigrants over the last several decades from a variety of Middle Eastern, African, and Asian countries, as well as Turkey and the Balkans. Today, alth... | [
"Many European countries, especially those in Western Europe, have experienced significant influxes of Muslim immigrants over the last half-century. Although studies indicate that Europe's share of the global Muslim population is relatively small (3% or less), they also suggest that the number of Muslims in Europe ... |
train_14242 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In December 2002, South Koreans elected Roh Moo-hyun, a little-known, self-educated lawyer, as their president. The left-of-center Roh narrowly defeated the conservative candidate, Lee HoiChang. Roh ran on a platform of reform, pledging to make South Korean politics more transparentand accountable, to make the economy ... | [
"For most of the first four decades after the country was founded in 1948, South Korea was ruledby authoritarian governments. Ever since the mid-1980s, when widespread anti-government protestsforced the country's military rulers to enact sweeping democratic reforms, democratic institutionsand traditions have deepen... |
train_14243 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | After the repeated urging of the Department of Energy (DOE), Congress in 2006 agreed to temporarily consolidate separate counterintelligence (CI) offices at the Department of Energy and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) into a single CI office under DOE control. The Senate version of the FY2010 Nation... | [
"Since its establishment in 1977, DOE has been repeatedly criticized for its security and counterintelligence efforts—viewed as being so seriously deficient that some observers believe DOE, through its actions, has \"invited attack by foreign intelligence services.\" The General Accounting Office, the President's F... |
train_14244 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In the 114th Congress, the House and Senate have passed energy legislation that addresses hydropower. Both the North American Energy Security and Infrastructure Act of 2016 (S. 2012, as engrossed in the House) and the Energy Policy Modernization Act of 2016 (S. 2012, as engrossed in the Senate) contain provisions that ... | [
"For years, Congress has expressed interest in hydropower—the generation of electricity from flowing water. In particular, it has focused on the regulation and development of nonfederal hydropower, as well as on the environmental impacts of hydropower. Additionally, discussions have taken place between Congress, th... |
train_14245 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Secularism has been one of the "fundamental and unchanging principles" guiding the Turkish Republic since its founding in 1923. It also has been the principle that has produced considerable domestic political tension. Over the years, political parties have emerged that appeared to challenge that principle and to strive... | [
"Secularism has been one of the \"fundamental and unchanging principles\" guiding the Turkish Republic since its founding in 1923. It also has been the principle that has led to considerable domestic political tension. Over the years, political parties have emerged that appeared to challenge that principle and to s... |
train_14246 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In November and December of 2013, cybercriminals breached the data security of Target, one of the largest U.S. retail chains, stealing the personal and financial information of millions of customers. On December 19, 2013, Target confirmed that some 40 million credit and debit card account numbers had been stolen. On Ja... | [
"In recent years, financial data breaches have exposed a variety of personal information concerning finances, personally identifiable information (PII), health care, legal issues, and more. The theft of this information was accomplished by outsiders hacking computer systems, insiders with and without authorized acc... |
train_14247 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Several West African countries are currently grappling with an unprecedented outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Here in the United States, where Ebola is not endemic, a handful of EVD cases have been diagnosed, and domestic transmission of the virus has occurred in only two cases to date. This report provides a bri... | [
"Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a deadly communicable disease typically found only in parts of Africa. Once contracted by a human, the virus can be transmitted to others through direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected individual. An individual who has contracted Eb... |
train_14248 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report examines the legal procedures for effecting either a liquidation or a business or consumer reorganization under the United States Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. § 101 et seq., through an analysis of its individual sections. The Code, in chapters 1, 3, and 5, establishes general procedures that are applicable to... | [
"This report examines the legal procedures for effecting either a liquidation or a business or consumer reorganization under one of three of the five operative chapters of the United States Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. § 101 et seq . Chapter 7 of the Code governs liquidation of the debtor's estate and is often referr... |
train_14249 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) was signed on June 30, 2007. The provisions on the automotive sector were among the most difficult areas negotiated, and were among those in which the Obama Administration and South Korean officials reached further agreement on December 3, 2010. The agreement's effe... | [
"On June 30, 2007, the United States and South Korea signed the U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA). If approved by Congress, it would be the second-largest U.S. free-trade agreement in terms of the value of trade affected, next to the North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA. The provisions concern... |
train_14250 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Technological improvements and investment commitments from the world's largest oil companies suggest the gas to liquids (GTL) industry is likely to expand rapidly over the next decade. GTL uses large quantities of natural gas to produce liquid petroleum products like diesel fuel and home heating fuel. The GTL industry ... | [
"Technological improvements and investment commitments by the world's largest oil companies suggest that the gas to liquids industry (GTL) is likely to transform itself from a small, specialized producer to a large scale fuel producer over the next decade. As expansion of GTL proceeds, the industry may become a maj... |
train_14251 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The United States has been free of a national debt for only two years, 1834 and 1835. In its first year, 1790, the country faced a debt of $75 million. From FY1998 to FY2001, the federal government ran budget surpluses. Since then, the budget has returned to deficit, and the debt had risen to $7.5 trillion by 2009. It ... | [
"The United States, from its beginning in 1790 to the present, has been free of a national debt for only two years, 1834 and 1835. The national debt has grown from $75.5 million in 1790 to $5.8 trillion in 2008. The history of the U.S. national debt as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP) since 1940 is shown i... |
train_14252 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Department of Commerce's Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) is the lead federal agency dedicated to supporting the development and expansion of the minority business community. President Richard Nixon originally established this agency as the Office of Minority Business Enterprises (OMBE), with the signing... | [
"The Department of Commerce's Minority Business Development Agency (MBDA) is the lead federal agency dedicated to supporting the development and expansion of the minority business community. Numerous congressional hearings, undergirded by historical and current academic research, have documented that members of min... |
train_14253 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | One of the chief objectives of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (DFA) is to promote financial stability within the United States, without the need for emergency governmental assistance to troubled firms. To achieve this goal, the DFA establishes a heightened regulatory regime for certain, g... | [
"One of the chief objectives of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (DFA) is to promote financial stability within the United States, without the need for emergency governmental assistance to troubled firms like that provided by the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) in 2008. In fact, th... |
train_14254 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The annual Foreign Operations appropriations bill is the primary legislative vehicle through which Congress reviews the U.S. foreign aid budget and influences executive branch foreign policymaking generally. It contains the largest share -- about two-thirds -- of total U.S. internationalaffairs spending. President Bush... | [
"On January 22, 2004, the Senate passed (65-28) the conference report on H.R. 2673 , the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004. Division D ofthe legislation includes a reconciled version of Foreign Operations funding forFY2004 as approved earlier by the House and Senate as H.R. 2800 . TheHouse approved (242-176) th... |
train_14255 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Qui tam enlists the public in the recovery of civil penalties and forfeitures. It rewards with a portion of the recovered proceeds those who sue in the government's name. A creature of antiquity, once common, today qui tam lives on in federal law only in the False Claims Act and in Indian protection laws. The False Cla... | [
"Qui tam is a whistleblower concept. It is the process whereby an individual sues or prosecutes in the name of the government and shares in the proceeds of any successful litigation or settlement. Although frequently punitive, it is generally a civil procedure. Unlike antitrust, racketeering, and other federal puni... |
train_14256 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report addresses the differences among the tax-exempt organizations described in Internal Revenue Code subsections 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), 501(c)(6), and section 527âcharitable organizations, social welfare organizations, labor unions, trade associations, and political organizations, respectively. Each ... | [
"There are more than 30 types of tax-exempt organizations described in the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). Most tax-exempt organizations fall into one of five types: the organizations described in IRC §§ 501(c)(3), 501(c)(4), 501(c)(5), 501(c)(6), and 527. This report was developed to answer frequently asked questio... |
train_14257 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The political change and unrest that have swept through the Middle East and North Africa since early 2011 are likely to have profound consequences for the pursuit of long-standing U.S. policy goals in the region with regard to regional security, global energy supplies, U.S. military access, bilateral trade and investme... | [
"Uprisings and political change in the Arab world challenge many of the assumptions that have long informed U.S. policy makers while the wave of unrest—often dubbed the \"Arab Spring\" or \"Arab Awakening\"—changes the arena in which U.S. policy plays out. However, many long-standing U.S. goals in the region endure... |
train_14258 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Trade remedies are government measures to minimize the adverse impact of imports ondomestic industries. Antidumping duties are used to counter the effects of imports sold at unfairlylow prices on the domestic market. Countervailing duties are used to counter the price effects ofimports that benefit from government subs... | [
"U.S. law provides for a range of administrative measures to reduce the adverse effects offoreign trade policies and practices on U.S. industries. Three forms of relief -- safeguards,antidumping, and countervailing duty remedies -- have been the subjects of recent legislation andare the subject of the report. (1) S... |
train_14259 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) does not include pregnancy status among its eligibility criteria and does not cover individuals over age 18. Under SCHIP, states can cover pregnant women aged 19 and older in one of three ways: (1) states may apply for waivers of program rules to extend coverage to ... | [
"States that choose to cover pregnant women through the §1115 waiver authority must submit a proposal to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) for approval. States with approved §1115 demonstration programs define the available pregnancy-related services in their waiver terms and conditions agreement... |
train_14260 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Increasing focus on current cyber threats to federal information technology systems, nonfederal critical information infrastructure, and other nonfederal systems has led to numerous legislative cybersecurity proposals and executive branch initiatives. The proposed National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010... | [
"Comprehensively addressing national cybersecurity-related issues is a difficult task because of a number of technical and policy considerations. A persistent set of issues has stymied significant progress in detecting and deterring existing threats and implementing effective safeguard measures. Issues that appear ... |
train_14261 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) of 1939 specifies the financing arrangement for the Unemployment Compensation (UC) program. Revenue for the program is provided through payroll taxes levied by both the federal government and the states on a portion of wages paid by covered employers. Total UC expenditures includ... | [
"The Unemployment Compensation (UC) program is constructed as a joint federal-state partnership providing temporary and partial wage replacement to involuntarily unemployed workers. Federal law sets broad guidelines regarding UC benefits and financing. States administer UC benefits with U.S. Department of Labor (DO... |
train_14262 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The U.S. Constitution establishes two methods by which Presidents may appoint officers of the United States: either with the advice and consent of the Senate, or unilaterally "during the Recess of the Senate." These two constitutional provisions have long served as sources of political tension between Presidents and Co... | [
"The U.S. Constitution establishes two methods by which Presidents may appoint officers of the United States: either with the advice and consent of the Senate, or unilaterally \"during the Recess of the Senate.\" These two constitutional provisions have long served as sources of political tension between Presidents... |
train_14263 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Great Lakes are recognized by many as an international natural resource that has been significantly altered over the past two centuries by human development. Problems in the Great Lakes include poor water quality, degraded fish and wildlife habitat, contaminated sediments, and non-native invasive species, among oth... | [
"The Great Lakes watershed is the largest system of fresh surface water in the world. The watershed covers approximately 300,000 square miles and is shared by eight U.S. states (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin) and one Canadian province (Ontario). (See Figure 1 .)... |
train_14264 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-246, "2008 farm bill") was enacted into law on June 18, 2008. It contains 15 titles covering support for commodity crops, horticulture and livestock production, conservation, nutrition, trade and food aid, agricultural research, farm credit, rural development, en... | [
"Roughly every five years, Congress debates legislation governing federal farm and food policy. The 2002 farm bill ( P.L. 107-171 ) covered a wide range of programs including commodity price and income support, farm credit, agricultural conservation, research, rural development, and foreign and domestic food progra... |
train_14265 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The International Convention Against Doping in Sport seeks to harmonize anti-doping commitments for non-professional sports at the international level. This Convention, adopted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2005, entered into force on February 1, 2007. On July 21, ... | [
"Doping in sport involves the use of substances or methods that artificially enhance athletic performance. Although doping is not a new phenomenon, policymakers remain concerned about the health effects and ethical implications associated with the continued use of performance-enhancing substances in competitive spo... |
train_14266 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In June 2004, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Rasul v. Bush that U.S. courts have jurisdiction to hear challenges on behalf of persons detained at the U.S. Naval Station in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in connection with the war against terrorism. The Court overturned a ruling that no U.S. court has jurisdiction to hear petit... | [
"The U.S. Supreme Court decided at the end of its 2003-2004 term that U.S. courts have jurisdiction to hear challenges on behalf the approximately 550 persons who were detained at the U.S. Naval Station in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in connection with the war against terrorism. The decision overturned the holding of the... |
train_14267 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report describes how current patent litigation reform legislation would change existing patent law to address the perceived problems caused by entities that engage in patent litigation tactics that have been criticized as abusive or deceptive. The bills introduced in the 114th Congress include the Innovation Act (... | [
"Congress has shown significant interest in altering the current patent system in response to concerns about entities that engage in patent litigation tactics that have been criticized as abusive or deceptive. Many congressional hearings on the topic of patent litigation abuse have been held in the 114 th and 113 t... |
train_14268 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides an overview of actions taken by Congress to provide FY2012 appropriations for the accounts funded by the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED) appropriations bill. The L-HHS-ED bill provides funding for all accounts subject to the annual appropr... | [
"This report provides an overview of the Obama Administration's FY2012 budget request and the status of FY2012 appropriations for accounts traditionally funded in the appropriations bill for the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED). This bill provides discretio... |
train_14269 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since the financial crisis, policymakers have focused on addressing the failures that led to turmoil and ensuring that the financial system and the economy are better positioned to withstand future market disruptions. Some believe that the actions taken to realize these goals have been beneficial; others argue that the... | [
"In response to vulnerabilities that had arisen during the financial crisis that began in 2007, Congress passed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) to strengthen financial stability and protect consumers. As the Dodd-Frank Act and other reforms have been implemented throug... |
train_14270 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The federal government has broad authority over the admission of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) seeking to enter the United States. The Supreme Court has repeatedly held that the government may exclude such aliens without affording them the due process protections that traditionally apply to persons physically present in ... | [
"Federal immigration laws set forth procedures governing the exclusion and removal of non-U.S. nationals (aliens) who do not meet specified criteria regarding their entry or presence within the United States. Typically, aliens within the United States may not be removed without due process. Commensurate with these ... |
train_14271 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding for the Department of the Interior (DOI), except for the Bureau of Reclamation, and for agencies within other departments—including the Forest Service within the Department of Agriculture and the Indian Health Service (IHS) within the ... | [
"The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding for agencies and programs in three separate federal departments, as well as numerous related agencies and bureaus. It provides funding for Department of the Interior (DOI) agencies (except for the Bureau of Reclamation, fun... |
train_14272 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In recent years, Members of both chambers have introduced legislation that would reauthorize, amend, add, or eliminate programs and activities undertaken by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). This report briefly summarizes SAMHSA's major programs and activities and describes the age... | [
"In recent years, Members of both chambers have introduced legislation that would reauthorize, amend, add, or eliminate programs and activities undertaken by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). This report briefly summarizes SAMHSA's major programs and activities and describes th... |
train_14273 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides brief summaries of the major federal laws affecting financial institutions and markets. Arrangement is chronological according to the order of original enactment, with divisions into three periods. The first period begins with the Civil War era and includes the creation of national banks and the Fe... | [
"The history of federal legislation significantly affecting banking, securities, capital markets, and financial services in general, may conveniently be divided into three chronological periods: Civil War to New Deal; New Deal Era; and 1956 to the present. Examination of these laws reveals that the increasing role ... |
train_14274 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The IHS provides an array of medical services, including inpatient, ambulatory, emergency, dental, public health nursing, and preventive health care. The IHS does not have a defined medical benefit package that includes or excludes specific health services or health conditions. The majority of IHS facilities provide ou... | [
"The Indian Health Service (IHS) within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is the lead federal agency charged with improving the health of American Indians and Alaska Natives. The federal government considers its provision of these health services to be based on its trust responsibility for Indian tr... |
train_14275 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, as amended and later codified in the U.S. Code, requires the President to submit a consolidated federal budget to Congress toward the beginning of each regular session of Congress. Under 31 U.S.C. §1105(a), the President must submit the budget—which contains budgetary proposals, p... | [
"The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 (P.L. 67-13; 42 Stat. 20), as amended and later codified in the U.S. Code , requires the President to submit a consolidated federal budget annually to Congress toward the beginning of each regular session. Under Title 31 of the U.S. Code , the President must submit the budget—... |
train_14276 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Constituent service encompasses a wide array of non-legislative activities undertaken by Members of Congress or congressional staff, and it is commonly considered a representational responsibility. Member offices vary in their priorities, activities, and scope of constituent service, but most offices try to assist with... | [
"Member offices vary in their priorities and activities, but in addition to working on legislation, oversight, and other policy-related items, offices are commonly expected to provide constituent services. A broader discussion of constituent service and its relation to other commonly held views of Members' responsi... |
train_14277 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The foreign relations authorization process dovetails with the annual appropriation processfor the Department of State (within the Commerce, Justice, State and Related Agency appropriation)and foreign policy/foreign aid activities (within the foreign operations appropriation). Congress isrequired by law to authorize th... | [
"On February 27, 2004, Senator Lugar introduced S. 2144 , the Foreign RelationsAuthorization Act, FY2005. This bill replaces S. 925 which received no Senate floorvote because of political disputes over unrelated floor amendments. (1) The Committee on ForeignRelations reported its new authorization bill out on March... |
train_14278 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | In August 2007, Congress authorized the establishment of the Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E) within the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the America COMPETES Act (P.L. 110-69). Modeled on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), ARPA-E would support transformational energy technol... | [
"In August 2007, Congress authorized the establishment of the Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E) to support transformational energy technology research projects with the goal of enhancing the nation's economic and energy security. Modeled on the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in ... |
train_14279 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report analyzes 10 C.F.R. 37, a forthcoming rule promulgated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), "Physical Protection of Byproduct Material." "Byproduct material" includes specified types of radioactive material other than uranium or plutonium. The rule regulates byproduct material of types and in quantiti... | [
"A \"dirty bomb\" or other type of radiological dispersal device (RDD, a device for dispersing radioactive material) could contaminate several square miles of densely populated or economically critical areas, such as a key port or the center of a large city. (The amount of area contaminated would depend on many fac... |
train_14280 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The question of how federal policies deal with financial stress encountered by dairy farmers has led many in Congress to reconsider federal policy for supporting them. In the 112th Congress, several Members have introduced legislation for alternatives to current federal programs, which expire in 2012. Proposed dairy le... | [
"Financial stress encountered by dairy farmers in recent years has led Congress and the industry to reconsider how to deal with volatile farm milk prices and the financial prospects for dairy farmers. In the 112 th Congress, several Members have introduced legislation for alternatives to current federal programs, w... |
train_14281 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | By limiting the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that can be generated in a given year, a cap-and-trade program would attach a new cost to activities that generate emissions, primarily fossil fuel combustion. To the extent they are able, the capped entities (e.g., power plants, petroleum producers/importers, la... | [
"Over the past century, particularly in recent decades, scientists have documented increases in global temperature and sea levels, decreases of sea ice in the Arctic, and melting of continental ice sheets and mountain glaciers. There is increasing evidence that human activities are at least partially responsible fo... |
train_14282 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Title I of the Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA, P.L. 112-144) reauthorized the Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) through September 30, 2017. Known as PDUFA V, this was the program's fourth five-year reauthorization. The Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA), in 1992, gave the Food a... | [
"The Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA I), in 1992, gave the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) the authority to collect fees from the pharmaceutical industry and use the revenue to support \"the process for the review of human drug applications.\" That authority, which expired in 1997, has been renewed on four... |
train_14283 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | S. 1392—the Energy Savings and Industrial Competitiveness Act of 2013—was introduced on July 30, 2013. Often referred to as the Shaheen-Portman bill, it is a trimmed-down version of S. 761. It contains provisions for building energy codes, industrial energy efficiency, federal agencies, and budget offsets. The bill con... | [
"Early in the first session of the 112 th Congress, the Energy Savings and Industrial Competitiveness Act of 2011 ( S. 1000 ) was introduced by Senators Shaheen and Portman. In July 2011, the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (SENR) reported the bill on an 18-3 vote. The reported bill contained five ... |
train_14284 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Real property disposal is the process by which federal agencies identify and then transfer, donate, or sell real property they no longer need. Disposition is an important asset management function because the costs of maintaining unneeded properties can be substantial, consuming financial resources that might be applie... | [
"Federal executive branch agencies hold an extensive real property portfolio that includes approximately 361,000 buildings. These assets have been acquired over a period of decades to help agencies fulfill their diverse missions. Agencies hold buildings with a range of uses, including offices, health clinics, wareh... |
train_14285 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Since September 2001, the United States has increased focus on radical Islamist and terrorist groups in Southeast Asia, particularly those in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore. Southeast Asia has been a base for terrorist operations. Al Qaeda penetrated the region by establishing local cells... | [
"While there has been significant anti-Western terrorist activity in Southeast Asia, counter-terror measures in recent years appear to have significantly degraded anti-Western terrorist groups' ability to launch attacks against Western targets in the region. U.S. attention in the region has been focused on radical ... |
train_14286 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Members of Congress are authorized by law to nominate candidates for appointment to four U.S. service academies. These schools are the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy, the U.S. Air Force Academy, and the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy. The fifth service academy, the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, does not requir... | [
"M embers of Congress are authorized by law to nominate candidates for appointment to four U.S. service academies. These schools are the U.S. Military Academy (USMA), West Point, N Y; the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA), Annapolis, MD; the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA), Colorado Springs, CO; and the U.S. Merchant Marine... |
train_14287 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Medicaid is a means-tested entitlement program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services as well as long-term care. Medicaid is jointly funded by the federal government and the states. The federal government's share of a state's expenditures is called the federal medical assistance percentage (FM... | [
"Medicaid is a means-tested entitlement program that finances the delivery of primary and acute medical services as well as long-term care. Medicaid is jointly funded by the federal government and the states. Participation in Medicaid is voluntary for states, though all states, the District of Columbia, and the ter... |
train_14288 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress authorized the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) of 1975 to help prevent a repetition of the economic disruption caused by the 1973-1974 Arab oil embargo. EPCA specifically authorizes the President to draw down the SPR upon a finding that there is a "severe ener... | [
"The changing role of the United States in world petroleum markets has driven a reassessment of the size of, and perhaps even need for, the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). Lower oil prices, beginning in mid-2014, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) strategy of protecting market share rat... |
train_14289 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) has been insuring lenders against loss on home loans since 1934, and has insured about 35 million homes at a mortgage volume of about $2 trillion. In past years, FHA was often the innovator in testing new mortgage products, but in recent years the private mortgage market has bee... | [
"The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) has been insuring lenders against loss on home loans since 1934. From 1934 through the end of FY2007, FHA has insured about 34.6 million home loans at a mortgage volume of about $2 trillion. Though FHA is a mortgage insurer rather than a lender, in earlier years, FHA was of... |
train_14290 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Military Family Tax Relief Act of 2003, H.R. 3365, became P.L.108-121 on November 11, 2003. The Act provides various types of tax relief to members of the Armed Forces. Additionally, theAct suspends the tax-exempt status of organizations involved in terrorist activities, offers tax relief to astronautswho die in th... | [
"RS21683 -- Military Family Tax Relief Act of 2003 November 28, 2003 Expanded eligibility to exclude gain from the sale of a principal residence (sec. 101). Under section 121 of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), an eligible taxpayer may exclude fromgross incomeup to $250,000 ($500,000 if married filing jointly) of t... |
train_14291 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report provides background information on the responsibilities, financial challenges, and workforce issues facing the U.S. Postal Service (USPS). Additionally, it covers the current strategies and initiatives under development by the USPS and discusses further options for postal reforms. In FY2015, the USPS marked... | [
"Prior to enactment of the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 (PRA), mail delivery in the United States was the responsibility of the U.S. Post Office Department, a Cabinet-level department in the executive branch. PRA reform efforts were driven largely by the view that the Post Office Department was ill equipped to... |
train_14292 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | This report examines human rights issues in the People's Republic of China (PRC), including ongoing rights abuses, legal reforms, and the development of civil society. Major events of the past year include the PRC leadership transition, the Wukan protests over land expropriation, the negotiations that allowed legal adv... | [
"Human rights conditions in the People's Republic of China (PRC) remain a central issue in U.S.-China relations. For many U.S. policy-makers, China's political development represents a test of the success of U.S. policy toward China. Some analysts contend that the U.S. policy of cultivating diplomatic, economic, an... |
train_14293 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The amount of education in which individuals invest greatly influences their labor market outcomes. For example, highly educated workers on average are better paid than other workers. Four-year college graduates also are less at risk of unemployment; if they should lose their jobs, these displaced workers are more like... | [
"The benefits of greater educational attainment that accrue to individuals are both monetary (e.g., higher earnings) and nonmonetary (e.g., better health). The benefits of additional years of schooling extend beyond individuals and their families. These societal benefits also are of a pecuniary (e.g., greater econo... |
train_14294 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Under the United States Grain Standards Act (USGSA) of 1916, the federal government is authorized to establish official marketing standards (not health and safety standards) for grains and oilseeds, and to provide procedures for grain inspection and weighing. To encourage the marketing of high-quality grain for an agri... | [
"Most of the United States Grain Standards Act (USGSA) is permanently authorized, including mandatory inspection and weighing of exported grain, and federal authority to establish and amend grain standards of quality. However, several key provisions of the law were set to expire on September 30, 2015. While the exp... |
train_14295 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Australia, a traditionally staunch U.S. ally, is exploring ways to support the U.S. strategy of increasing its involvement in Asia—often called the rebalancing to Asia strategy—at a time when Australia has embarked on significant cuts to its defense budget. Australia is seeking to strengthen its long-standing defense a... | [
"Australia figures into the U.S. rebalancing to Asia strategy in geopolitical, diplomatic, military, intelligence, and economic terms. Australia is a strong supporter of the U.S. rebalancing to Asia strategy, as it has long held the view that continued U.S. presence in the region is a stabilizing influence on the r... |
train_14296 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Section 1341 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended) establishes a transitional reinsurance program that is designed to provide payment to non-grandfathered, non-group market health plans (also known as individual market health plans) that enroll high-risk enrollees for 2014 th... | [
"Section 1341 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148 , as amended) establishes a transitional reinsurance program that is designed to provide payment to non-grandfathered, non-group market health plans (also known as individual market health plans) that enrolled high-risk enrollees for... |
train_14297 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Congress has generally broad authority to impose requirements upon the federal procurement process (i.e., the process whereby agencies obtain supplies and services from the private sector). One of the many ways in which Congress has exercised this authority is by enacting measures intended to promote contracting and su... | [
"Congress has generally broad authority to impose requirements upon the federal procurement process (i.e., the process whereby agencies obtain supplies and services from the private sector). One of the many ways in which Congress has exercised this authority is by enacting measures intended to promote contracting a... |
train_14298 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | Authorities to direct federal preparedness for and response to public health emergencies are found principally in the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act), and are administered by the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS). Three recent laws provided the core of these authorities. P.L. 106-505, the Public Health T... | [
"On December 19, 2006, President George W. Bush signed S. 3678 , the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act ( P.L. 109-417 ), which authorizes appropriations through FY2011 to improve bioterrorism and other public health emergency preparedness and response activities, and establishes the Biomedical Advanced Rese... |
train_14299 | Write a detailed summary of the following government report. | The Salton Sea is located in southern California and is considered the largest inland water body in the state. The Salton Basin, where the Salton Sea is located, has supported many lakes and water bodies throughout its geological history. The Salton Sea was created when a canal gate broke in 1905 allowing fresh Colorad... | [
"The Salton Sea is located in southern California and is considered the largest inland water body in the state. The Salton Sea was formed in 1905 when the Colorado River broke through a canal gate, allowing water to flow into the Salton Basin uninterrupted for 18 months. Since its formation, the Sea has been mainta... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.