id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
3,700 | In September 2012, DanNet also won the ICPR contest on analysis of large medical images for cancer detection, and in the following year also the MICCAI Grand Challenge on the same topic. In October 2012, the similar AlexNet by Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, and Geoffrey Hinton won the large-scale ImageNet competition... | Deep neural network | 0.8341 |
3,701 | An abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on their order (the axiom of commutativity). They are named after Niels Henrik Abel.An arbitrary finite abelian group is isomorphic to a direct sum of finite cyclic gro... | Finite group theory | 0.8341 |
3,702 | Surfaces that share a boundary may have very different areas, but they must have the same vector area—the vector area is entirely determined by the boundary. These are consequences of Stokes' theorem. The vector area of a parallelogram is given by the cross product of the two vectors that span it; it is twice the (vect... | Area vector | 0.834095 |
3,703 | According to elementary quantum mechanics, an electron in an atom or crystal can only have certain precise energy levels; energies between these levels are impossible. When a large number of such allowed levels have close-spaced energy values – i.e. have energies that differ only minutely – those close energy levels in... | Electrically conducting | 0.834092 |
3,704 | The Sylow theorems give a partial converse. The dihedral group D 4 {\displaystyle \mathrm {D} _{4}} of symmetries of a square is a finite group of order 8. | Group (mathematics) | 0.834089 |
3,705 | Consistency and bias-free is also an advantage of machine learning compared to manual works by humans. In research comparing the performance of human and machine learning in the identification of dinoflagellates, machine learning is found to be not as prone to systematic bias as humans. A recency effect that is present... | Machine learning in earth sciences | 0.834088 |
3,706 | The problem statement begins with the following paragraph: So far, I have generally mentioned problems as definite and special as possible.... Nevertheless, I should like to close with a general problem, namely with the indication of a branch of mathematics repeatedly mentioned in this lecture-which, in spite of the co... | Hilbert's twenty-third problem | 0.834081 |
3,707 | Additionally, there are usually Open tests, which can be taken by students from any division, including Statistics, Number Theory, and History of Math. Most students start at the level of math that they are currently enrolled in or have last taken and progress to higher levels. A student can begin at another level, but... | Mu Alpha Theta | 0.83408 |
3,708 | In particular, the set of "yes" instances has a finite number of minor-minimal elements.Given an input graph G, the following "algorithm" solves the above problem: For every minor-minimal element H: If H is a minor of G then return "yes". return "no".The non-constructive part here is the Robertson–Seymour theorem. Alth... | Non-constructive algorithm existence proofs | 0.834071 |
3,709 | The gap of approximately log f ( n ) {\displaystyle \log f(n)} between the lower and upper time bound in the hierarchy theorem can be traced to the efficiency of the device used in the proof, namely a universal program that maintains a step-count. This can be done more efficiently on certain computational models. The... | Time hierarchy theorem | 0.834067 |
3,710 | In propositional calculus molecular sentences are composed through truth-functional logical connectives. Molecular sentences lack truthmakers according to atomic truthmaker theories and therefore constitute truthmaker gaps. But the fact that the truth values of molecular sentences depends on the truth values of its con... | Truthmaker theory | 0.834062 |
3,711 | Khayyam seems to have been the first to conceive a general theory of cubic equations and the first to geometrically solve every type of cubic equation, so far as positive roots are concerned. The treatise on algebra contains his work on cubic equations. It is divided into three parts: (i) equations which can be solved ... | Omar Khayyam | 0.834062 |
3,712 | Depending on the context, solving an equation may consist to find either any solution (finding a single solution is enough), all solutions, or a solution that satisfies further properties, such as belonging to a given interval. When the task is to find the solution that is the best under some criterion, this is an opti... | Solution (equation) | 0.834061 |
3,713 | In computer science, a weak heap is a data structure for priority queues, combining features of the binary heap and binomial heap. It can be stored in an array as an implicit binary tree like a binary heap, and has the efficiency guarantees of binomial heaps. A sorting algorithm using weak heaps, weak-heapsort, uses a ... | Weak heap | 0.834061 |
3,714 | An automated theorem prover is then invoked to find values for the input variables x and y given the complete set of symbolic variable values and path conditions constructed during symbolic execution. In this case, a valid response from the theorem prover might be x = 100000, y = 0. Running the program on this input al... | Concolic execution | 0.834058 |
3,715 | If so, how fast? What is it approximating?) Deep learning methods are often looked at as a black box, with most confirmations done empirically, rather than theoretically.Others point out that deep learning should be looked at as a step towards realizing strong AI, not as an all-encompassing solution. | Deep Learning | 0.834058 |
3,716 | {\displaystyle \forall u\forall v\ldots \exists a\exists b\dots .} This fact allowed Tarski to prove that Euclidean geometry is decidable: there exists an algorithm which can determine the truth or falsity of any sentence. | Tarski's axioms | 0.834058 |
3,717 | Kirchhoff's original contribution to the physics of thermal radiation was his postulate of a perfect black body radiating and absorbing thermal radiation in an enclosure opaque to thermal radiation and with walls that absorb at all wavelengths. Kirchhoff's perfect black body absorbs all the radiation that falls upon it... | Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation | 0.834057 |
3,718 | G = A 3 ⋊ H {\displaystyle G=\mathrm {A} _{3}\rtimes H} , a semidirect product, where H is a subgroup of two elements: () and one of the three swaps. This decomposition is also a consequence (particular case) of the Schur–Zassenhaus theorem. In terms of permutations the two group elements of G / A3 are the set of even ... | Nonabelian group of order 6 | 0.834055 |
3,719 | In genetics shorthand, homozygous genotypes are represented by a pair of matching letters or symbols, such as "AA" or "aa". Contrast heterozygous. horizontal gene transfer (HGT) Also lateral gene transfer (LGT). | Glossary of genetics (0–L) | 0.834049 |
3,720 | Biochemists focus heavily on the role, function, and structure of biomolecules. The study of the chemistry behind biological processes and the synthesis of biologically active molecules are applications of biochemistry. Biochemistry studies life at the atomic and molecular level. | Biochemical analysis | 0.834048 |
3,721 | In the production of modern life science products, total synthesis from petrochemicals prevails. The HMW products, respectively large molecules, are obtained mainly through biotechnology processes. Within LMWs, the N-heterocyclic compounds are the most important category; within HMWs they are the peptides and proteins. | Fine chemical | 0.834044 |
3,722 | Guidelines are needed to determine the required content of these reports. Genomes2People (G2P), an initiative of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School was created in 2011 to examine the integration of genomic sequencing into clinical care of adults and children. G2P's director, Robert C. Green, had pr... | Single cell genome sequencing | 0.83404 |
3,723 | Although first-order logic is sufficient for formalizing much of mathematics, and is commonly used in computer science and other fields, it has certain limitations. These include limitations on its expressiveness and limitations of the fragments of natural languages that it can describe. For instance, first-order logic... | First-order predicate calculus | 0.834037 |
3,724 | In materials chemistry, a quaternary phase is a chemical compound containing four elements. Some compounds can be molecular or ionic, examples being chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2) sodium bicarbonate (NaCO3H). More typically quaternary phase refers to extended solids. A famous example are the yttrium barium copper oxide... | Quaternary phase | 0.834036 |
3,725 | (1719) William Watson, "Experiments and Observations Tending To Illustrate The Nature and Properties of Electricity". (MDCCXLVI) (1741) John Theophilus Desaguliers, "A Dissertation concerning Electricity" Innys and Longman, London MDCCXLII (1742) Joseph Priestley, "The History and Present State Of Electricity with Orig... | Kelvin water dropper | 0.834033 |
3,726 | The second core section includes long surveys of 26 branches of research mathematics such as algebraic geometry and combinatorial group theory. The third describes 38 important mathematical problems and theorems such as the four color theorem, the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, and the Halting problem. A collect... | The Princeton Companion to Mathematics | 0.834031 |
3,727 | Learning classifier systems, or LCS, are a paradigm of rule-based machine learning methods that combine a discovery component (e.g. typically a genetic algorithm) with a learning component (performing either supervised learning, reinforcement learning, or unsupervised learning). Learning classifier systems seek to iden... | Classifier system | 0.834031 |
3,728 | Citizen science projects have included support, organization, and dissemination of personal DNA (genetic) testing. Similar to amateur astronomy, citizen scientists encouraged by volunteer organizations like the International Society of Genetic Genealogy have provided valuable information and research to the professiona... | Crowd sourcing | 0.834031 |
3,729 | The converse of Torricelli's acute hyperbolic solid is a surface of revolution that has a finite surface area but an infinite volume. In response to Torricelli's theorem, after learning of it from Marin Mersenne, Christiaan Huygens and René-François de Sluse wrote letters to each other about extending the theorem to ot... | Gabriel's horn | 0.834027 |
3,730 | In addition, as an outreach activity de.NBI supported the Summer School BioByte 2019 at University of Halle addressed at high school students which offers an ideal opportunity to get to know the diversity of bioinformatics. | German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure | 0.834023 |
3,731 | The magnetic interaction is described in terms of a vector field, where each point in space is associated with a vector that determines what force a moving charge would experience at that point (see Lorentz force). Since a vector field is quite difficult to visualize, introductory physics instruction often uses field l... | Magnetic flux | 0.834022 |
3,732 | Capacitance is the ratio of the change in an electric charge in a system to the corresponding change in its electric potential. The capacitance is a function only of the geometry of the design (e.g. area of the plates and the distance between them) and the permittivity of the dielectric material between the plates of t... | Performance and modelling of AC transmission | 0.834016 |
3,733 | Of the cleanly formulated Hilbert problems, problems 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 18, 19, and 20 have resolutions that are accepted by consensus of the mathematical community. On the other hand, problems 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 15, 21, and 22 have solutions that have partial acceptance, but there exists some controversy as to whet... | Hilbert problems | 0.834016 |
3,734 | In group theory, a branch of abstract algebra, the Whitehead problem is the following question: Is every abelian group A with Ext1(A, Z) = 0 a free abelian group? Saharon Shelah proved that Whitehead's problem is independent of ZFC, the standard axioms of set theory. | Whitehead problem | 0.834016 |
3,735 | In molecular biology, protein catabolism is the breakdown of proteins into smaller peptides and ultimately into amino acids. Protein catabolism is a key function of digestion process. Protein catabolism often begins with pepsin, which converts proteins into polypeptides. | Protein breakdown | 0.834014 |
3,736 | Dominance is not an inherent property of any allele or phenotype, but simply describes its relationship to one or more other alleles or phenotypes; it is possible for one allele to be simultaneously dominant over a second allele, recessive to a third, and codominant to a fourth. In genetics shorthand, dominant alleles ... | Glossary of genetics (0–L) | 0.834014 |
3,737 | When the workpiece does not rotate (e.g., in milling), the units are typically distance per time (inches per minute or millimeters per minute ), although distance per revolution or per cutter tooth are also sometimes used.If variables such as cutter geometry and the rigidity of the machine tool and its tooling setup c... | Cutting speed | 0.834012 |
3,738 | Electrons are present in all materials, but without any external magnetic field, the magnetic moments of the electrons are usually either paired up or random so that the overall magnetism is zero (the exception to this usual case is ferromagnetism). The fundamental reasons why the magnetic moments of the electrons line... | Magnetic susceptibility | 0.834011 |
3,739 | analyze distributions of data (including univariate, bivariate, and categorical data), the various methods of data collection and the sorts of conclusions one can draw therefrom, probability, and statistical inference (point estimation, confidence intervals, and significance tests). High school students of exceptional ... | Mathematics education in the United States | 0.834006 |
3,740 | (2)The structure of the expression above follows standard principles of the probability theory: a summation is taken over alternatives, m, and various pieces of evidence, n, are multiplied. This expression is not necessarily a probability, but it has a probabilistic structure. If learning is successful, it approximates... | Neural modeling fields | 0.834003 |
3,741 | For example, a Newtonian telescope of 4 inches (100 mm) aperture is a moderately easy science fair project. A 6-to-8-inch (150 to 200 mm) Newtonian is considered a good compromise size since construction is not difficult and results in an instrument that would be expensive to purchase commercially. A 12-to-16-inch (300... | Amateur telescope making | 0.834002 |
3,742 | Transcriptomics technologies provide a broad account of which cellular processes are active and which are dormant. A major challenge in molecular biology is to understand how a single genome gives rise to a variety of cells. Another is how gene expression is regulated. | Transcriptome analysis | 0.833995 |
3,743 | The first four axioms mean that V is an abelian group under addition. An element of a specific vector space may have various nature; for example, it could be a sequence, a function, a polynomial or a matrix. Linear algebra is concerned with those properties of such objects that are common to all vector spaces. | Linear Algebra | 0.833992 |
3,744 | (A → C))). In other words, if A requires B, it requires any true statement. In the special case where A is a tautology, the theorem has consequence (!B → (C → !C)). | Ernst Mally | 0.833987 |
3,745 | Organic precipitation of calcium carbonate from bicarbonate solution produces free carbon dioxide directly within the cellular body of the alga, this additional source of gas is then available to the Coccolithophore for photosynthesis. It has been suggested that they may provide a cell-wall like barrier to isolate intr... | Coccolithophore | 0.833985 |
3,746 | All the base units except the second are now defined in terms of exact and invariant constants of physics or mathematics, barring those parts of their definitions which are dependent on the second itself. As a consequence, the speed of light has now become an exactly defined constant, and defines the metre as 1⁄299,792... | Metric symbol | 0.833983 |
3,747 | The O(n log n) part of the time bound for the Bentley–Ottmann algorithm is necessary, as there are matching lower bounds for the problem of detecting intersecting line segments in algebraic decision tree models of computation. However, the dependence on k, the number of crossings, can be improved. Clarkson (1988) and M... | Bentley–Ottmann algorithm | 0.833981 |
3,748 | The relative positions of the beads in the native state constitute the lattice protein's tertiary structure. Lattice proteins do not have genuine secondary structure; however, some researchers have claimed that they can be extrapolated onto real protein structures which do include secondary structure, by appealing to t... | Lattice protein | 0.833978 |
3,749 | The details of physical units and their manipulation were addressed by Alexander Macfarlane in Physical Arithmetic in 1885. The science of kinematics created a need for mathematical representation of motion and has found expression with complex numbers, quaternions, and linear algebra. At Cambridge University the Mathe... | Physical mathematics | 0.833977 |
3,750 | In the study of infectious diseases and host responses, the mathematical and computer models are a great help. These models were very useful in characterizing the behavior and spread of infectious disease, by understanding the dynamics of the pathogen in the host and the mechanisms of host factors which aid pathogen pe... | Computational immunology | 0.833976 |
3,751 | The use of radiometers to determine the temperature of objects and gasses by measuring radiation flux is called pyrometry. Handheld pyrometer devices are often marketed as infrared thermometers. Radiometry is important in astronomy, especially radio astronomy, and plays a significant role in Earth remote sensing. The m... | Spectral radiometric quantity | 0.833971 |
3,752 | In computer science, random-access machine (RAM) is an abstract machine in the general class of register machines. The RAM is very similar to the counter machine but with the added capability of 'indirect addressing' of its registers. Like the counter machine, The RAM has its instructions in the finite-state portion of... | Random-access machine | 0.833967 |
3,753 | The study of quadratic forms, in particular the question of whether a given integer can be the value of a quadratic form over the integers, dates back many centuries. One such case is Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares, which determines when an integer may be expressed in the form x2 + y2, where x, y are integers.... | Quadratic forms | 0.833962 |
3,754 | Tertiary control is the last (and the slowest) control level, which considers economical concerns in the optimal operation of the microgrid (sampling time is from minutes to hours), and manages the power flow between microgrid and main grid. This level often involves the prediction of weather, grid tariff, and loads in... | Microgrid | 0.833958 |
3,755 | In April 2013, the company released a new version of the sequencer called the "PacBio RS II" that uses all 150,000 ZMW holes concurrently, doubling the throughput per experiment. The highest throughput mode in November 2013 used P5 binding, C3 chemistry, BluePippin size selection, and a PacBio RS II officially yielded ... | SMRT sequencing | 0.833957 |
3,756 | Define the degree of a set of elements as the number of different winning-sets that contain this set. Define the pair-degree of a set-family, denoted d 2 {\displaystyle d_{2}} , as the maximum degree of a pair of elements (maximum over all pairs). If all winning-sets are of size k {\displaystyle k} , and the number of ... | Erdős–Selfridge theorem | 0.833954 |
3,757 | Later, Hoare learned about ALGOL and its ability to do recursion that enabled him to publish an improved version of the algorithm in ALGOL in Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, the premier computer science journal of the time. The ALGOL code is published in Communications of the ACM (CACM), Volu... | Quicksort | 0.833954 |
3,758 | Nonlinear algebraic equations, which are also called polynomial equations, are defined by equating polynomials (of degree greater than one) to zero. For example, x 2 + x − 1 = 0 . {\displaystyle x^{2}+x-1=0\,.} | Nonlinear system | 0.833952 |
3,759 | MOWChIP-seq (Microfluidic Oscillatory Washing–based Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation followed by sequencing) is a microfluidic technology used in molecular biology for profiling genome-wide histone modifications and other molecular bindings using as few as 30-100 cells per assay. MOWChIP-seq is a special type of ChIP-seq ... | MOWChIP-seq | 0.833951 |
3,760 | In computer science, references are data types that refer to an object elsewhere in memory and are used to construct a wide variety of data structures, such as linked lists. Generally, a reference is a value that enables a program to directly access the particular data item. Most programming languages support some form... | Reference | 0.83395 |
3,761 | The fields do not form a variety of algebras; the requirement that all non-zero elements be invertible cannot be expressed as a universally satisfied identity (see below). The cancellative semigroups also do not form a variety of algebras, since the cancellation property is not an equation, it is an implication that is... | Finitary algebraic category | 0.833944 |
3,762 | In physics, the Sakuma–Hattori equation is a mathematical model for predicting the amount of thermal radiation, radiometric flux or radiometric power emitted from a perfect blackbody or received by a thermal radiation detector. | Sakuma–Hattori equation | 0.83394 |
3,763 | In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table; the 14 f-block columns, between groups 2 and 3, are not numbered. The elements in a group have similar physical or chemical characteristics of the ou... | Periodic table group | 0.833937 |
3,764 | Ion Torrent Systems Inc. (now owned by Life Technologies) developed a system based on using standard sequencing chemistry, but with a novel, semiconductor-based detection system. This method of sequencing is based on the detection of hydrogen ions that are released during the polymerisation of DNA, as opposed to the op... | Dye terminator sequencing | 0.833931 |
3,765 | In computer science, patience sorting is a sorting algorithm inspired by, and named after, the card game patience. A variant of the algorithm efficiently computes the length of a longest increasing subsequence in a given array. | Patience sort | 0.833931 |
3,766 | Here multiplication is distributive over addition, but addition is not distributive over multiplication. Examples of structures with two operations that are each distributive over the other are Boolean algebras such as the algebra of sets or the switching algebra. Multiplying sums can be put into words as follows: When... | Right distributivity | 0.83393 |
3,767 | : 179–80 Primary producers (e.g. plants, cyanobacteria) are affected by warm water because higher water temperature increases plant growth rates, resulting in a shorter lifespan and species overpopulation. The increased temperature can also change the balance of microbial growth, including the rate of algae blooms whic... | Thermal pollution | 0.833929 |
3,768 | The platform’s AI system was designed to conduct a full-genome analysis of the virus. It then combines that data with patient genetic information, and clinical data such as the results of lung and CT scans to discover abnormalities predictive of disease evolution. Sophia Genetics also received the Best Overall Genomics... | Sophia Genetics | 0.833928 |
3,769 | With this high influx of new information, there has arisen a higher demand for bioinformatics so scientists can properly analyze the new data. In response, software and other tools have been developed for this purpose. Also, as of 2008, the amount of stored sequences was doubling every 18 months, making urgent the need... | Pathogenomics | 0.833919 |
3,770 | More advanced methods use the optimality criterion of maximum likelihood, often within a Bayesian framework, and apply an explicit model of evolution to phylogenetic tree estimation. Identifying the optimal tree using many of these techniques is NP-hard, so heuristic search and optimization methods are used in combinat... | Evolutionary tree | 0.833916 |
3,771 | Geometry classes support modelling points, linestrings, polygons, and collections. Geometries are linear, in the sense that boundaries are implicitly defined by linear interpolation between vertices. Geometries are embedded in the 2-dimensional Euclidean plane. | JTS Topology Suite | 0.833915 |
3,772 | This comparison of genetic variability within and between populations is frequently used in applied population genetics. The values range from 0 to 1. A zero value implies complete panmixis; that is, that the two populations are interbreeding freely. A value of one implies that all genetic variation is explained by the... | Fixation index | 0.833915 |
3,773 | Many mathematical concepts can be defined precisely using only set theoretic concepts. For example, mathematical structures as diverse as graphs, manifolds, rings, vector spaces, and relational algebras can all be defined as sets satisfying various (axiomatic) properties. Equivalence and order relations are ubiquitous ... | Transfinite set theory | 0.833914 |
3,774 | If the declarations are consistent the classifier can then assert additional information based on the input. For example, it can add information about existing classes, create additional classes, etc. This differs from traditional inference engines that trigger off of IF-THEN conditions in rules. Classifiers are also s... | Deductive classifier | 0.833912 |
3,775 | Many physical quantities are actually quantized by physical entities. Examples of fields where this limitation applies include electronics (due to electrons), optics (due to photons), biology (due to DNA), physics (due to Planck limits) and chemistry (due to molecules). | Quantization noise | 0.833908 |
3,776 | However, certain geometries are not accurately represented by the Euler formula. One of the variables in the above equation that reflects the geometry of the specimen is the slenderness ratio, which is the column's length divided by the radius of gyration.The slenderness ratio is an indicator of the specimen's resistan... | Johnson's parabolic formula | 0.833906 |
3,777 | In the structural view, this is displayed with gates and flip-flops. In the geometric domain, the logical level is described by standard cells. The behaviour of the circuit level is described by mathematics using differential equations or logical equations. This corresponds to transistors and capacitors up to crystal l... | Gajski–Kuhn chart | 0.833905 |
3,778 | Computational speed is very dependent on the model specifics. In practical computer science, a similar concept known as a virtual machine is sometimes used to minimise dependencies on underlying machine architectures. Such machines are also used for teaching. The term "register machine" is sometimes used to refer to a ... | Register machine | 0.833903 |
3,779 | Translation complex profile sequencing (TCP-seq) is a molecular biology method for obtaining snapshots of momentary distribution of protein synthesis complexes along messenger RNA (mRNA) chains. | TCP-seq | 0.833901 |
3,780 | In recreational mathematics, challenges are often posed for tiling a prescribed region, or the entire plane, with polyominoes, and related problems are investigated in mathematics and computer science. | Polyomino | 0.833895 |
3,781 | Students may also receive lessons on mathematical logic and set theory at various grade levels in high school, and this is the case in Florida, following the new 2020 reforms. The new Floridian standards also promote financial literacy and emphasize how different mathematical topics from different grade levels are conn... | Mathematics education in the United States | 0.83389 |
3,782 | Another example provided is the relevance of mathematical notation in the proof of the impossibility of squaring the circle which is used to illustrate the idea that the same procedure being represented in different ways can reveal non-obvious connections within mathematics. The chapter also considers the importance of... | An Introduction to the Philosophy of Mathematics | 0.833887 |
3,783 | This provided insight into possible problems with processes like this which include, "discriminatory power and guessing behaviour". The researchers determined that methods for rating the citizen scientists themselves based on skill level and expertise might make studies they conduct more easy to analyze.Studies that ar... | Citizen scientist | 0.833881 |
3,784 | CSPs are also studied in computational complexity theory and finite model theory. An important question is whether for each set of relations, the set of all CSPs that can be represented using only relations chosen from that set is either in P or NP-complete. If such a dichotomy theorem is true, then CSPs provide one of... | Constraint Satisfaction Problem | 0.83388 |
3,785 | He noted that: The way mathematics is currently taught it is exceedingly dull. In the calculus book we are currently using on my campus, I found no single problem whose answer I felt the student would care about! The problems in the text have the dignity of solving a crossword puzzle – hard to be sure, but the result i... | Richard Hamming | 0.833877 |
3,786 | In electrochemistry, there are two types of ideal electrode, the ideal polarizable electrode and the ideal non-polarizable electrode. Simply put, the ideal polarizable electrode is characterized by charge separation at the electrode-electrolyte boundary and is electrically equivalent to a capacitor, while the ideal non... | Ideal electrode | 0.833877 |
3,787 | Lagrange's theorem can be extended to the equation of indexes between three subgroups of G. If we take K = {e} (e is the identity element of G), then = |G| and = |H|. Therefore, we can recover the original equation |G| = |H|. | Lagrange's theorem (group theory) | 0.833876 |
3,788 | The main subjects to be studied are mathematics, physics, chemistry, electrical engineering, etc. The degree received after completing with a state exam or defense of a thesis. Absolvents are awarded with the Ing. title always put in front of one's name. | Engineering education | 0.833873 |
3,789 | Physics Reports. 517 (3): 71–140. arXiv:1010.5017. | Collective motion | 0.833872 |
3,790 | The Earth system can be subdivided into four major components including the solid earth, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.A variety of algorithms may be applied depending on the nature of the earth science exploration. Some algorithms may perform significantly better than others for particular objectives. For exam... | Machine learning in earth sciences | 0.83387 |
3,791 | In the case of computing, concrete, precise information is in general not computable within finite time and memory (see Rice's theorem and the halting problem). Abstraction is used to allow for generalized answers to questions (for example, answering "maybe" to a yes/no question, meaning "yes or no", when we (an algori... | Abstract interpretation | 0.833868 |
3,792 | There is an increasing interest in text mining and information extraction strategies applied to the biomedical and molecular biology literature due to the increasing number of electronically available publications stored in databases such as PubMed. Decision tree learning – Sentence extraction – Terminology extraction ... | Outline of natural language processing | 0.833867 |
3,793 | Biochemistry focuses on understanding the chemical basis which allows biological molecules to give rise to the processes that occur within living cells and between cells, in turn relating greatly to the understanding of tissues and organs, as well as organism structure and function. Biochemistry is closely related to m... | Comparative biochemistry | 0.833863 |
3,794 | The theorem states, for a given coupler curve produced by a four-bar linkage with four revolute (hinge) joints, there exist three four-bar linkages, three geared five-bar linkages, and more six-bar linkages which will generate the same path. For a coupler curve produced by a four-bar linkage with four revolute joints a... | Cognate linkages | 0.833863 |
3,795 | Which of the two mechanisms are the "main" reason for heterosis has been a scientific controversy in the field of genetics. Population geneticist James Crow (1916–2012) believed, in his younger days, that overdominance was a major contributor to hybrid vigor. In 1998 he published a retrospective review of the developin... | Hybrid vigor | 0.833861 |
3,796 | In general, inverters are utilized in applications requiring direct conversion of electrical energy from DC to AC or indirect conversion from AC to AC. DC to AC conversion is useful for many fields, including power conditioning, harmonic compensation, motor drives, renewable energy grid integration, and spacecraft sola... | Power electronics | 0.833861 |
3,797 | This loop of units in an alternative ring or algebra is analogous to the group of units in an associative ring or algebra. Kleinfeld's theorem states that any simple non-associative alternative ring is a generalized octonion algebra over its center. The structure theory of alternative rings is presented in the book Rin... | Alternative algebra | 0.83386 |
3,798 | But if (S I I Z) does not have a normal form, the foregoing reduces as follows: (N (S I I Z) Ω I) = (K I Ω I) (definition of N) = (I I) = Iwhich means that the normal form of (S I I Z) is simply I, another contradiction. Therefore, the hypothetical normal-form combinator N cannot exist. The combinatory logic analogue o... | Lambda elimination | 0.833847 |
3,799 | When the conic section is written algebraically as A x 2 + B x y + C y 2 + D x + E y + F = 0 , {\displaystyle Ax^{2}+Bxy+Cy^{2}+Dx+Ey+F=0,\,} the eccentricity can be written as a function of the coefficients of the quadratic equation. If 4AC = B2 the conic is a parabola and its eccentricity equals 1 (provided it is non... | Directrix (conic section) | 0.833846 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.