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400 | The competition is open-book and competitors are allowed ten days to come up with solutions. The problems on the competition can be classified roughly in the following categories: 1. Algebra 2. | Miklós Schweitzer Competition | 0.852053 |
401 | There are many different power circuit topologies and control strategies used in inverter designs. Different design approaches address various issues that may be more or less important depending on the way that the inverter is intended to be used. For example, an electric motor in a car that is moving can turn into a s... | Three phase inverter | 0.852037 |
402 | The field of metagenomics involves identification of organisms present in a body of water, sewage, dirt, debris filtered from the air, or swab samples from organisms. Knowing which organisms are present in a particular environment is critical to research in ecology, epidemiology, microbiology, and other fields. Sequenc... | Next-gen sequencing | 0.852024 |
403 | A deeper study was further conducted proving the above statement to not be in the best interest of the child. Comparing the mortality and morbidity rates from Massai and other places, Massai has higher statistics for both. This could be the result of the lack of information on the WHO recommendations for infant and chi... | Infant nutrition | 0.852019 |
404 | Many algorithms with bad worst-case performance have good average-case performance. For problems we want to solve, this is a good thing: we can hope that the particular instances we care about are average. For cryptography, this is very bad: we want typical instances of a cryptographic problem to be hard. Here methods ... | Average case analysis | 0.852017 |
405 | The usual choice for a translational mechanical system is force (F) and velocity (u) but it is not the only choice. A different pair may be more appropriate for a system with a different geometry, such as a rotational system.Even after the mechanical fundamental variables have been chosen, there is still not a unique s... | Mechanical–electrical analogies | 0.852015 |
406 | The only proper normal subgroup of 2I is the center { ±1 }. By the third isomorphism theorem, there is a Galois connection between subgroups of 2I and subgroups of I, where the closure operator on subgroups of 2I is multiplication by { ±1 }. − 1 {\displaystyle -1} is the only element of order 2, hence it is contained i... | Binary icosahedral group | 0.852015 |
407 | Incomplete dominance is when the dominant allele and recessive allele come together to form a blend of the two phenotypes in the offspring. Variable expressivity is when a single allele produces a range of phenotypes, which is also not accounted for in a test cross. As more advanced techniques to determine genotype eme... | Test cross | 0.852006 |
408 | In genetics, it is common to use Pascal's pyramid to find out the proportion between different genotypes on the same crossing. This is done by checking the line that is equivalent to the number of phenotypes (genotypes + 1). That line will be the proportion. | Pascal's pyramid | 0.852001 |
409 | Cystic fibrosis is underdiagnosed in populations of African ancestry, because it is thought of as a 'White' disease. "Information about a person's population of origin may aid in diagnosis, and adverse drug responses may vary by group. Because of the correlation between self-identified race and genetic clusters, medica... | Race and genetics | 0.851999 |
410 | The 2-satisfiability problems provide one of two major subclasses of the conjunctive normal form formulas that can be solved in polynomial time; the other of the two subclasses is Horn-satisfiability. 2-satisfiability may be applied to geometry and visualization problems in which a collection of objects each have two p... | Krom formula | 0.851964 |
411 | In recent years, multiple websites that maintain lists of conceptual questions have been created by instructors for various disciplines. Some books on physics provide many examples of conceptual questions as well.Multiple conceptual questions can be assembled into a concept inventory to test the working knowledge of st... | Conceptual question | 0.851936 |
412 | More than 100 countries participate. Each country sends a team of up to six students, plus one team leader, one deputy leader, and observers.The content ranges from extremely difficult algebra and pre-calculus problems to problems in branches of mathematics not conventionally covered in secondary or high school and oft... | International Mathematical Olympiad | 0.851908 |
413 | The book has seven chapters. Its first gives a survey of the history of gambling games in western culture, including brief biographies of two famous gamblers, Gerolamo Cardano and Fyodor Dostoevsky, and a review of the games of chance found in Dostoevsky's novel The Gambler. The next four chapters introduce the basic c... | The Mathematics of Games and Gambling | 0.851863 |
414 | are estimated at 12–15 Mb, as large as yeast. Recent research has suggested the potential application of cyanobacteria to the generation of renewable energy by directly converting sunlight into electricity. Internal photosynthetic pathways can be coupled to chemical mediators that transfer electrons to external electro... | Cyanobacteria | 0.851853 |
415 | In terms of order theory, (part of) Fitting's theorem can be stated as: The set of nilpotent normal subgroups form a lattice of subgroups.Thus the nilpotent normal subgroups of a finite group also form a bounded lattice, and have a top element, the Fitting subgroup. However, nilpotent normal subgroups do not in general... | Fitting's theorem | 0.851831 |
416 | Theorem: A superkey K {\displaystyle K} holds in a relation universe U {\displaystyle U} over H {\displaystyle H} if and only if K ⊆ H {\displaystyle K\subseteq H} and K → H {\displaystyle K\rightarrow H} holds in U {\displaystyle U} . Candidate keyA candidate key is a superkey that cannot be further subdivided to form... | Relational Model | 0.851801 |
417 | PhysicsBowl is a national physics competition coordinated by the American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT). The test is taken during the first half of April each year by approximately 10,000 physics students. Competitors must attempt 40 physics-related multiple choice questions in a 45 minute long time period. Fi... | Physics Bowl | 0.851779 |
418 | One corollary of the theorem is that a homogeneous, planar disk rolling on a horizontal surface under gravity has at least 4 balance points. A discrete version of this is that there cannot be a monostatic polygon. However, in three dimensions there do exist monostatic polyhedra, and there also exists a convex, homogene... | Four-vertex theorem | 0.851749 |
419 | Bead sort, also called gravity sort, is a natural sorting algorithm, developed by Joshua J. Arulanandham, Cristian S. Calude and Michael J. Dinneen in 2002, and published in The Bulletin of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science. Both digital and analog hardware implementations of bead sort can achie... | Bead sort | 0.851733 |
420 | In the motion of a large lump of magnetized iron, the magnetic forces may be more important than the gravitational forces because of the relative magnitudes of the coupling constants. However, in classical mechanics, one usually makes these decisions directly by comparing forces. Another important example of the centra... | Coupling strength | 0.851671 |
421 | For example, if the temperature of the current day, C, is 20 degrees higher than the temperature of the previous day, P, then the problem can be described algebraically as C = P + 20 {\displaystyle C=P+20} . Variables allow one to describe general problems, without specifying the values of the quantities that are invol... | Elementary algebra | 0.851627 |
422 | If F ( x , y ) {\displaystyle F(x,y)} is a polynomial in two variables, the corresponding curve is called an algebraic curve, and specific methods are available for studying it. Plane curves can be represented in Cartesian coordinates (x, y coordinates) by any of three methods, one of which is the implicit equation giv... | Implicit curve | 0.851599 |
423 | Boolean algebras are models of the equational theory of two values; this definition is equivalent to the lattice and ring definitions.Boolean algebra is a mathematically rich branch of abstract algebra. Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy defines Boolean algebra as 'the algebra of two-valued logic with only sentential... | Power set algebra | 0.851595 |
424 | In electrochemistry, the Galvani potential (also called Galvani potential difference, or inner potential difference, Δφ, delta phi) is the electric potential difference between two points in the bulk of two phases. These phases can be two different solids (e.g., two metals joined), or a solid and a liquid (e.g., a meta... | Galvani potential | 0.851573 |
425 | Set: a degenerate algebraic structure S having no operations. Pointed set: S has one or more distinguished elements, often 0, 1, or both. Unary system: S and a single unary operation over S. Pointed unary system: a unary system with S a pointed set. | Outline of algebraic structures | 0.851568 |
426 | However, the resulting mathematical structure is no longer a commutative ring, as multiplication no longer distributes over addition. Furthermore, in a wheel, division of an element by itself no longer results in the multiplicative identity element 1 {\displaystyle 1} , and if the original system was an integral domain... | Division by zero | 0.85155 |
427 | This command code may only be used with a non-zero high-order address word; it is forbidden to use this cycle if not necessary.1110: Memory Read Line This command is identical to a generic memory read, but includes the hint that the read will continue to the end of the cache line. A target is always permitted to consid... | PCI bus | 0.851545 |
428 | Complements need not exist, and if they do they need not be unique. That is, H could have two distinct complements K1 and K2 in G. If there are several complements of a normal subgroup, then they are necessarily isomorphic to each other and to the quotient group. If K is a complement of H in G then K forms both a left ... | Complement (group theory) | 0.851508 |
429 | Formal definitions of these effects recognize this phenotypic focus. Epistasis has been approached statistically as interaction (i.e., inconsistencies), but epigenetics suggests a new approach may be needed. If 0 a was known as "over-dominance".Mendel's pea attribute "length of stem" provides us with a good example. | Quantitative genetics | 0.851503 |
430 | However, there exist solvable groups that are not CLT (for example, A4) and CLT groups that are not supersolvable (for example, S4, the symmetric group of degree 4). There are partial converses to Lagrange's theorem. For general groups, Cauchy's theorem guarantees the existence of an element, and hence of a cyclic subg... | Lagrange's theorem (group theory) | 0.851484 |
431 | The best theoretical explanation of the experimental results was the Rayleigh–Jeans law, which agrees with experimental results well at large wavelengths (or, equivalently, low frequencies), but strongly disagrees at short wavelengths (or high frequencies). In fact, at short wavelengths, classical physics predicted tha... | Modern quantum theory | 0.851458 |
432 | ": 872 Viral immunologist Ronald C. Kennedy testified that Michelle Cedillo had a "selective immune dysfunction". He also, like Dr. Hepner, testified that the Unigenetics lab was reliable and followed appropriate measures to prevent contamination, stating "that the laboratory of Dr. John O'Leary, Dr. Orla Sheils, and t... | Autism omnibus trial | 0.851424 |
433 | Digestion breaks the proteins down for metabolic use. Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification.... | Bacterial protein | 0.851416 |
434 | Almost any biological sample containing a full copy of the DNA—even a very small amount of DNA or ancient DNA—can provide the genetic material necessary for full genome sequencing. Such samples may include saliva, epithelial cells, bone marrow, hair (as long as the hair contains a hair follicle), seeds, plant leaves, o... | Whole genome sequencing | 0.851413 |
435 | On modern computers, hardware optimizations such as memory cache and parallel processing may be "broken" by an asymptotically optimal algorithm (assuming the analysis did not take these hardware optimizations into account). In this case, there could be sub-optimal algorithms that make better use of these features and o... | Asymptotically optimal algorithm | 0.851379 |
436 | Mathematics programs initially developed in the 1990s that were based on the NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics, like Core-Plus Mathematics, have been the subject of controversy due to their differences from more conventional mathematics programs. In the case of Core-Plus Mathematics, the... | Core-Plus Mathematics Project | 0.851369 |
437 | This means that the kernel can be viewed as a measure of the degree to which the homomorphism fails to be injective.For some types of structure, such as abelian groups and vector spaces, the possible kernels are exactly the substructures of the same type. This is not always the case, and, sometimes, the possible kernel... | Kernel (algebra) | 0.851361 |
438 | A generalization of this question is find at least one solution in each connected component of the set of real solutions of a polynomial system. The classical algorithm for solving these question is cylindrical algebraic decomposition, which has a doubly exponential computational complexity and therefore cannot be used... | Polynomial system solving | 0.851361 |
439 | In computer science, a 2–3 heap is a data structure, a variation on the heap, designed by Tadao Takaoka in 1999. The structure is similar to the Fibonacci heap, and borrows from the 2–3 tree. Time costs for some common heap operations are: Delete-min takes O ( log ( n ) ) {\displaystyle O(\log(n))} amortized time. De... | 2–3 heap | 0.851359 |
440 | If an inequality constraint holds with equality at the optimal point, the constraint is said to be binding, as the point cannot be varied in the direction of the constraint even though doing so would improve the value of the objective function. If an inequality constraint holds as a strict inequality at the optimal poi... | Constraint (mathematics) | 0.851351 |
441 | Several optimizations can be made to the algorithm above to speed it up for real-world cases. | Longest common subsequence | 0.851332 |
442 | Often in physics the dimensions of a massive object can be ignored and can be treated as a pointlike object, i.e. a point particle. Point particles with electric charge are referred to as point charges. Two point charges, one with charge +q and the other one with charge −q separated by a distance d, constitute an elect... | Electric dipole | 0.85132 |
443 | The most commonly analyzed problems in theoretical computer science are decision problems—the kinds of problems that can be posed as yes–no questions. The primality example above, for instance, is an example of a decision problem as it can be represented by the yes–no question "is the natural number n {\displaystyle n}... | Complexity class | 0.851292 |
444 | The enzymatic mechanisms are not fully fleshed out as not much is known about the polyglycating enzyme. In the case of polyglutamylation the exact mechanism is also unknown, but it does seem to be ATP-dependent. Though again there is a lack of clarity in regard to the enzymatic chemistry, there is still valuable insigh... | Isopeptide bond | 0.851241 |
445 | In number theory, zero-sum problems are certain kinds of combinatorial problems about the structure of a finite abelian group. Concretely, given a finite abelian group G and a positive integer n, one asks for the smallest value of k such that every sequence of elements of G of size k contains n terms that sum to 0. The... | Zero-sum problem | 0.851239 |
446 | Line (2) will not produce a segmentation fault anymore. Instead of doing a deep copy right away, there are some optimization strategies that can be used. These allow you to safely share the same data between several objects, thus saving space. The copy-on-write strategy makes a copy of the data only when it is written ... | Copy constructor (C++) | 0.851189 |
447 | In his paper, Mendel compared 7 pairs of discrete traits found in a pea plant: Through experimentation, Mendel discovered that one inheritable trait would invariably be dominant to its recessive alternative. Mendel laid out the genetic model later known as Mendelian inheritance or Mendelian genetics. This model provide... | Experiments on Plant Hybridization | 0.851177 |
448 | Another, less common, not-in-place, version of quicksort uses O(n) space for working storage and can implement a stable sort. The working storage allows the input array to be easily partitioned in a stable manner and then copied back to the input array for successive recursive calls. Sedgewick's optimization is still a... | Quicksort | 0.851174 |
449 | In particular, fractional cascading speeds up binary searches for the same value in multiple arrays. Fractional cascading efficiently solves a number of search problems in computational geometry and in numerous other fields. Exponential search extends binary search to unbounded lists. The binary search tree and B-tree ... | Binary search | 0.851162 |
450 | In the second family (Figure 8), the solution circles enclose the inner concentric circle. There are generally four solutions for each family, yielding eight possible solutions, consistent with the algebraic solution. When two of the given circles are concentric, Apollonius's problem can be solved easily using a method... | Apollonius problem | 0.851159 |
451 | DNA sequencing, one of the most fundamental technologies developed to study genetics, allows researchers to determine the sequence of nucleotides in DNA fragments. The technique of chain-termination sequencing, developed in 1977 by a team led by Frederick Sanger, is still routinely used to sequence DNA fragments. Using... | Genetic trait | 0.851148 |
452 | AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism covers electricity and magnetism, including: Unit 1: Electrostatics Unit 2: Conductors, Capacitors, Dielectrics Unit 3: Electric Circuits Unit 4: Magnetic Fields Unit 5: Electromagnetism | AP Physics | 0.851131 |
453 | The absence of this third partner could explain why growing lichen in the laboratory is difficult. The yeast cells are responsible for the formation of the characteristic cortex of the lichen thallus, and could also be important for its shape.The lichen combination of alga or cyanobacterium with a fungus has a very dif... | Epinecral layer | 0.851121 |
454 | The most popular model to describe the electrical double layer is the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) model. This model can be equally used to evaluate double layer forces. Let us discuss this model in the case of planar geometry as shown in the figure on the right. In this case, the electrical potential profile ψ(z) near a cha... | Double layer forces | 0.851099 |
455 | Stopping the recursion early leaves the array k-sorted, meaning that each element is at most k positions away from its final sorted position. In this case, insertion sort takes O(kn) time to finish the sort, which is linear if k is a constant. : 117 Compared to the "many small sorts" optimization, this version may exec... | Quick Sort | 0.851097 |
456 | Individual decision problems with stochastic outcomes are sometimes considered "one-player games". They may be modeled using similar tools within the related disciplines of decision theory, operations research, and areas of artificial intelligence, particularly AI planning (with uncertainty) and multi-agent system. Alt... | Games theory | 0.851097 |
457 | Paper 1: Pure Mathematics 1 Paper 2: Pure Mathematics 2 Paper 3: Statistics and Mechanics | Advanced level mathematics | 0.851095 |
458 | Amino acids contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. (In biochemistry, the term amino acid is used when referring to those amino acids in which the amino and carboxylate functionalities are attached to the same carbon, plus proline which is not actually an amino acid). Modified amino acids are sometime... | Biological molecule | 0.851071 |
459 | In probability theory and statistics, a sequence of independent Bernoulli trials with probability 1/2 of success on each trial is metaphorically called a fair coin. One for which the probability is not 1/2 is called a biased or unfair coin. In theoretical studies, the assumption that a coin is fair is often made by ref... | Fair coin | 0.851071 |
460 | V = {e, (1 2)(3 4), (1 3)(2 4), (1 4)(2 3)}.Let K = H ⋂ V. Since both H and V are subgroups of A4, K is also a subgroup of A4. From Lagrange's theorem, the order of K must divide both 6 and 4, the orders of H and V respectively. The only two positive integers that divide both 6 and 4 are 1 and 2. | Lagrange's theorem (group theory) | 0.851053 |
461 | At the first meet the rounds are as follows: Round 1: Arithmetic, Number Theory, and Matrices Round 2: Algebra I Round 3: Geometry Round 4: Algebra II Round 5: Miscellaneous Math Team Round At the second meet the rounds are as follows: Round 1: Arithmetic, Number Theory, and Matrices Round 2: Algebra I Round 3: Geometr... | Rhode Island Math League | 0.851039 |
462 | Algebra, Geometry, Number theory and Combinatorics, Graph Theory. No calculator is allowed. | Indian National Mathematical Olympiad | 0.851039 |
463 | Example choice is a teaching method that has been developed and explored at the University of Bergen. The main objective is to make mathematics and science teaching more interesting and relevant to the daily life of students. One study by Perkins, Gratny, Adams, Finkelstein, and Wieman found that interest in physics de... | Example choice | 0.851032 |
464 | Although the concept of equilibrium is widely used across sciences, in the context of chemistry, it arises whenever a number of different states of the chemical composition are possible, as for example, in a mixture of several chemical compounds that can react with one another, or when a substance can be present in mor... | Applied Chemistry | 0.851023 |
465 | For example, if no team turned in an answer to a particular question in the first minute but another team answered correctly in the second minute, the team will be awarded the full 16 points even though they answered it in the second minute; a third minute-answering team would get twelve points; and the fourth minute-a... | Mu Alpha Theta | 0.851016 |
466 | Example 2 – a more elaborated version of the same statistics Suppose a number of scientists are assessing the probability of a certain outcome (which we shall call 'success') in experimental trials. Conventional wisdom suggests that if there is no bias towards success or failure then the success probability would be on... | Likelihood principle | 0.851004 |
467 | Incorporating mixed strategies into the game allows us to use von Neumann's minimax theorem: min R max D T ( A , D ) = max D min A T ( A , D ) {\displaystyle \min _{R}\max _{D}T(A,D)=\max _{D}\min _{A}T(A,D)\,} where R is a distribution over the algorithms, D is a distribution over inputs, A is a single deterministic a... | Randomized algorithms as zero-sum games | 0.850994 |
468 | The third section of the DAT is divided into three academic essays, each of which is followed by questions about the passage's content. The final section tests basic mathematics skills, with emphasis placed on algebra, critical thinking, fractions, roots, and trigonometric identities. Test breakdown | Dental Admission Test | 0.850994 |
469 | Algorithms that also make use of space–time tradeoffs include: Baby-step giant-step algorithm for calculating discrete logarithms Rainbow tables in cryptography, where the adversary is trying to do better than the exponential time required for a brute-force attack. Rainbow tables use partially precomputed values in the... | Time–space tradeoff | 0.850986 |
470 | Any monoid (any algebraic structure with a single associative binary operation and an identity element) forms a small category with a single object x. (Here, x is any fixed set.) | Category (mathematics) | 0.85098 |
471 | For example, the word fine can have two different meanings depending on the context (I feel fine today, She has fine blond hair). BERT considers the words surrounding the target word fine from the left and right side. However it comes at a cost: due to encoder-only architecture lacking a decoder, BERT can't be prompted... | BERT (language model) | 0.850929 |
472 | All students in STEM, especially mathematics, physics, chemistry, computer science, and engineering must take single-variable calculus unless they have Advanced Placement credits (or equivalents, such as IB Math HL). Students majoring in mathematics, the physical sciences, and engineering then take multivariable calcul... | Mathematics education in the United States | 0.850905 |
473 | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, unicellular green alga used to study photosynthesis, flagella and motility, regulation of metabolism, cell–cell recognition and adhesion, response to nutrient deprivation and many other topics. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has well-studied genetics, with many known and mapped mutants and express... | List of model organisms | 0.850901 |
474 | A surjective homomorphism is always right cancelable, but the converse is not always true for algebraic structures. However, the two definitions of epimorphism are equivalent for sets, vector spaces, abelian groups, modules (see below for a proof), and groups. The importance of these structures in all mathematics, espe... | Surjective homomorphism | 0.850889 |
475 | These questions led extending algebra to non-numerical objects, such as permutations, vectors, matrices, and polynomials. The structural properties of these non-numerical objects were then formalized into algebraic structures such as groups, rings, and fields. Before the 16th century, mathematics was divided into only ... | Diagrammatic algebra | 0.850851 |
476 | All exact solutions can be obtained, or it can be shown that none exist, using matrix algebra. See System of linear equations#Matrix solution. | Overdetermined system of linear equations | 0.850841 |
477 | Using this, it becomes relatively easy to answer such classical problems of geometry as Which regular polygons are constructible? Why is it not possible to trisect every angle using a compass and a straightedge? Why is doubling the cube not possible with the same method? | Galois group of a polynomial | 0.850829 |
478 | Algebraic structures are defined primarily as sets with operations. Algebraic structure Subobjects: subgroup, subring, subalgebra, submodule etc. Binary operation Closure of an operation Associative property Distributive property Commutative property Unary operator Additive inverse, multiplicative inverse, inverse elem... | List of abstract algebra topics | 0.850807 |
479 | When the cell has low turgor pressure, it is flaccid. In plants, this is shown as wilted anatomical structures. This is more specifically known as plasmolysis.The volume and geometry of the cell affects the value of turgor pressure and how it can affect the cell wall's plasticity. Studies have shown that smaller cells ... | Turgor Pressure | 0.850795 |
480 | Later Corbino encouraged Amaldi as a young engineering student to switch to physics. : 67 Majorana had also been an engineering student; he switched to physics after his mathematical ability was recognised by Segrè, leading to an interview with Fermi. : 69 D'Agostino became involved because he was a chemist; he had bee... | Via Panisperna boys | 0.850788 |
481 | In computer science (specifically computational complexity theory), the worst-case complexity measures the resources (e.g. running time, memory) that an algorithm requires given an input of arbitrary size (commonly denoted as n in asymptotic notation). It gives an upper bound on the resources required by the algorithm.... | Worst case complexity | 0.850762 |
482 | For example, one child had needed around 100 surgeries by the time he was three years old, and his doctor turned to whole genome sequencing to determine the problem; it took a team of around 30 people that included 12 bioinformatics experts, three sequencing technicians, five physicians, two genetic counsellors and two... | Single cell genome sequencing | 0.850753 |
483 | In mechanical engineering, many terms are associated into pairs called duals. A dual of a relationship is formed by interchanging force (stress) and deformation (strain) in an expression. Here is a partial list of mechanical dualities: force — deformation stress — strain stiffness method — flexibility method | Duality (mechanical engineering) | 0.850719 |
484 | training neural networks. the packing problem of deciding whether a given set of polygons can fit in a given square container. | Existential theory of the reals | 0.850716 |
485 | "An Introduction to Proteins" from HOPES (Huntington's Disease Outreach Project for Education at Stanford) Proteins: Biogenesis to Degradation – The Virtual Library of Biochemistry and Cell Biology | Protein interactions | 0.85067 |
486 | The College Board suggested as preparation for the test four years of mathematics, including two years of algebra, one year of geometry, and one year of either precalculus or trigonometry.While the precalculus or trigonometry course may have been good preparation for this test, students could have needed to buy extra r... | SAT Subject Test in Mathematics Level 2 | 0.850645 |
487 | The combined response of the committee machine is supposed to be superior to those of its constituent experts. Compare ensembles of classifiers. commonsense knowledge In artificial intelligence research, commonsense knowledge consists of facts about the everyday world, such as "Lemons are sour", that all humans are exp... | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.850607 |
488 | ClickSeq is a click-chemistry based method for generating next generation sequencing libraries for deep-sequencing platforms including Illumina, HiSeq, MiSeq and NextSeq. Its function is similar to most other techniques for generating RNAseq or DNAseq libraries in that it aims to generate random fragments of biological... | ClickSeq | 0.8506 |
489 | The GRE physics test is an examination administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS). The test attempts to determine the extent of the examinees' understanding of fundamental principles of physics and their ability to apply them to problem solving. Many graduate schools require applicants to take the exam and b... | GRE Physics Test | 0.850596 |
490 | Due to the continuous distribution of phenotypic values, quantitative genetics must employ many other statistical methods (such as the effect size, the mean and the variance) to link phenotypes (attributes) to genotypes. Some phenotypes may be analyzed either as discrete categories or as continuous phenotypes, dependin... | Polygenic trait | 0.850575 |
491 | After i passes, the first i and the last i elements in the list are in their correct positions, and do not need to be checked. By shortening the part of the list that is sorted each time, the number of operations can be halved (see bubble sort). This is an example of the algorithm in MATLAB/OCTAVE with the optimization... | Cocktail shaker sort | 0.850533 |
492 | In computer science, selection sort is an in-place comparison sorting algorithm. It has an O(n2) time complexity, which makes it inefficient on large lists, and generally performs worse than the similar insertion sort. Selection sort is noted for its simplicity and has performance advantages over more complicated algor... | Selection sort | 0.850521 |
493 | The second phase includes exams in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and an Essay in Portuguese. In this phase, all tests have equal weight. The candidates with the highest average grades are admitted in, provided they reach a minimum qualifying grade in each of the 4 exams. | Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica | 0.85049 |
494 | Each of these subarrays is sorted with an in-place sorting algorithm such as insertion sort, to discourage memory swaps, and normal merge sort is then completed in the standard recursive fashion. This algorithm has demonstrated better performance on machines that benefit from cache optimization. (LaMarca & Ladner 1997) | Tiled merge sort | 0.850489 |
495 | The central problem of Diophantine geometry is to determine when a Diophantine equation has solutions, and if it does, how many. The approach taken is to think of the solutions of an equation as a geometric object. For example, an equation in two variables defines a curve in the plane. More generally, an equation, or s... | Number theorists | 0.850476 |
496 | Much of group theory can be formulated in the context of the more general group objects. The notions of group homomorphism, subgroup, normal subgroup and the isomorphism theorems are typical examples. However, results of group theory that talk about individual elements, or the order of specific elements or subgroups, n... | Group object | 0.850476 |
497 | Fluctuations in metazoan population and diversity may not have been the only factor in the reduction in stromatolite abundance. Factors such as the chemistry of the environment may have been responsible for changes.While prokaryotic cyanobacteria themselves reproduce asexually through cell division, they were instrumen... | Fossil preservation | 0.850464 |
498 | Problems 48–55 show how to compute an assortment of areas. Problem 48 is notable in that it succinctly computes the area of a circle by approximating π. Specifically, problem 48 explicitly reinforces the convention (used throughout the geometry section) that "a circle's area stands to that of its circumscribing square ... | Rhind papyrus | 0.850463 |
499 | Suppose A {\displaystyle A} is an algebraic structure. We might ask, does A {\displaystyle A} have the zero-product property? In order for this question to have meaning, A {\displaystyle A} must have both additive structure and multiplicative structure. Usually one assumes that A {\displaystyle A} is a ring, though it ... | Zero-product property | 0.850462 |
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