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600 | There is no consensus on how to characterize which tasks AI tends to excel at. Some versions of Moravec's paradox observe that humans are more likely to outperform machines in areas such as physical dexterity that have been the direct target of natural selection. While projects such as AlphaZero have succeeded in gener... | Progress in artificial intelligence | 0.84888 |
601 | Books I through IV and VI of Euclid's Elements dealt with two-dimensional geometry, developing such notions as similarity of shapes, the Pythagorean theorem (Proposition 47), equality of angles and areas, parallelism, the sum of the angles in a triangle, and the three cases in which triangles are "equal" (have the same... | Infinite plane | 0.848865 |
602 | Cap screws 60 Biotechnology 61 Medical sciences 611/612 Human biology 613 Hygiene generally. Personal health and hygiene 614 Public health and hygiene. Accident prevention 615 Pharmacology. | Universal Decimal Classification | 0.848842 |
603 | So only G=8 is possible and with 2+8=10+U, U=0.The use of modular arithmetic often helps. For example, use of mod-10 arithmetic allows the columns of an addition problem to be treated as simultaneous equations, while the use of mod-2 arithmetic allows inferences based on the parity of the variables. In computer science... | Verbal arithmetic | 0.84882 |
604 | After the on-line questions, students will take a test about what they have learned while solving the on-line questions. First grade students in high school take this test. The questions are based on basic chemistry. The test can determine how much the students understand basic chemistry. | Korean Chemistry Olympiad | 0.84882 |
605 | Viral metagenomics has been used to test for virus related cancers and difficult to diagnose cases in clinical diagnostics. This method is most often used when conventional and advanced molecular testing cannot find a causative agent for disease. Metagenomic sequencing can also be used to detect pathogenic viruses in c... | Viral metagenomics | 0.848806 |
606 | Most materials, like steel, that are efficiently elastic approximately follow Hooke's force law for springs, F = k ⋅ x {\displaystyle F=k\cdot x} , but because the area of contact for a sphere increases as the force increases, colliding elastic balls follow Hertz's adjustment to Hooke's law, F = k ⋅ x 1.5 {\displaystyl... | Newton's cradle | 0.848786 |
607 | Similar to how Transformer models influenced paraphrase generation, their application in identifying paraphrases showed great success. Models such as BERT can be adapted with a binary classification layer and trained end-to-end on identification tasks. Transformers achieve strong results when transferring between domai... | Automated paraphrasing | 0.848781 |
608 | The Disquisitiones covers both elementary number theory and parts of the area of mathematics now called algebraic number theory. Gauss did not explicitly recognize the concept of a group, which is central to modern algebra, so he did not use this term. His own title for his subject was Higher Arithmetic. | Disquisitiones Arithmeticae | 0.84878 |
609 | Once a putative pathogen has been identified in the high-throughput sequencing data, it is imperative to validate the presence of pathogen in infected patients using more sensitive techniques, such as: RT-PCR and derivative methods, including 3'- and 5'-RACE to confirm the existence of pathogen mRNA. Immunohistochemist... | Digital transcriptome subtraction | 0.848773 |
610 | In mathematics, a right group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set together with a binary operation that combines two elements into a third element while obeying the right group axioms. The right group axioms are similar to the group axioms, but while groups can have only one identity and any element can have ... | Right group | 0.848761 |
611 | In abstract algebra, the group isomorphism problem is the decision problem of determining whether two given finite group presentations refer to isomorphic groups. The isomorphism problem was formulated by Max Dehn, and together with the word problem and conjugacy problem, is one of three fundamental decision problems i... | Isomorphism problem for groups | 0.848759 |
612 | "Three tenths," as another example, is written as 0.0003 inches (The metric comparison is discussed below.) Machining "to within a few tenths" is often considered very accurate, and at or near the extreme limit of tolerance capability in most contexts. Greater accuracy (tolerance ranges inside one tenth) apply in only ... | Thousandth of an inch | 0.848724 |
613 | In mathematics and computer science, the sorting numbers are a sequence of numbers introduced in 1950 by Hugo Steinhaus for the analysis of comparison sort algorithms. These numbers give the worst-case number of comparisons used by both binary insertion sort and merge sort. However, there are other algorithms that use ... | Sorting number | 0.848723 |
614 | While the ability to deliberately engineer pathogens has been constrained to high-end labs run by top researchers, the technology to achieve this is rapidly becoming cheaper and more widespread. For example, the diminishing cost of sequencing the human genome (from $10 million to $1,000), the accumulation of large data... | Biotechnology risk | 0.848719 |
615 | Chemical biologists work to improve proteomics through the development of enrichment strategies, chemical affinity tags, and new probes. Samples for proteomics often contain many peptide sequences and the sequence of interest may be highly represented or of low abundance, which creates a barrier for their detection. Ch... | Chemical Biology | 0.84871 |
616 | For our purposes, this is enough, because this is where the Gibbs paradox shows up and where it must be resolved. The neglected terms play a role when the number of particles is not very large, such as in computer simulation and nanotechnology. | Mixing paradox | 0.848707 |
617 | In 1868, Swedish physicist Anders Jonas Ångström created a chart of the spectrum of sunlight, in which he expressed the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum in multiples of one ten-millionth of a millimetre (or 10−7 mm.) Ångström's chart and table of wavelengths in the solar spectrum... | Angstrom | 0.848701 |
618 | Modern genetic analysis began in the mid-1800s with research conducted by Gregor Mendel. Mendel, who is known as the "father of modern genetics", was inspired to study variation in plants. Between 1856 and 1863, Mendel cultivated and tested some 29,000 pea plants (i.e., Pisum sativum). This study showed that one in fou... | Genetic analysis | 0.848695 |
619 | Huygens took from Pascal the concepts of a "fair game" and equitable contract (i.e., equal division when the chances are equal), and extended the argument to set up a non-standard theory of expected values. His success in applying algebra to the realm of chance, which hitherto seemed inaccessible to mathematicians, dem... | Christiaan Huygens | 0.84867 |
620 | Using calculus, the vertex point, being a maximum or minimum of the function, can be obtained by finding the roots of the derivative: f ( x ) = a x 2 + b x + c ⇒ f ′ ( x ) = 2 a x + b {\displaystyle f(x)=ax^{2}+bx+c\quad \Rightarrow \quad f'(x)=2ax+b} x is a root of f '(x) if f '(x) = 0 resulting in x = − b 2 a {\displ... | Second degree polynomial | 0.848667 |
621 | For a single polynomial equation, root-finding algorithms can be used to find solutions to the equation (i.e., sets of values for the variables that satisfy the equation). However, systems of algebraic equations are more complicated; their study is one motivation for the field of algebraic geometry, a difficult branch ... | Nonlinear system | 0.848652 |
622 | Louis, Missouri. Laboratory head Ponder is Full Professor of Chemistry, and of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics; (b) the Pengyu Ren lab , at the Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas in Austin, Austin, Texas. Laboratory head Ren is Full Professor of Biomedical Engineering; (c) Jean-Philip Piquemal... | Tinker (software) | 0.848621 |
623 | The topics include Algebra, Geometry, Number Theory, Combinatorics, and Logic. After the camp, an exam is given in each of the preceding topics to evaluate the skills. A number of students, usually 30, are selected to join another camp in March, known in Thailand as "POSN Camp 2". | International Mathematical Olympiad selection process | 0.848616 |
624 | If the experiment consists of just one flip of a fair coin, then the outcome is either heads or tails: Ω = { H , T } {\displaystyle \Omega =\{{\text{H}},{\text{T}}\}} . The σ-algebra F = 2 Ω {\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}=2^{\Omega }} contains 2 2 = 4 {\displaystyle 2^{2}=4} events, namely: { H } {\displaystyle \{{\text... | Probability spaces | 0.848616 |
625 | By reading these over-optimistic scores, then you will be very happy and will think that your machine learning algorithm is doing an excellent job. Obviously, you would be on the wrong track. | Phi coefficient | 0.848612 |
626 | In the shorter term, efforts are underway to commercialize algae-based fuels such as diesel, gasoline, and jet fuel. Cyanobacteria have been also engineered to produce ethanol and experiments have shown that when one or two CBB genes are being over expressed, the yield can be even higher.Cyanobacteria may possess the a... | Cyanobacteria | 0.848607 |
627 | : 84 We have concluded that the trivial mathematics is, on the whole, useful, and that the real mathematics, on the whole, is not. : 43 Galois died at twenty-one, Abel at twenty-seven, Ramanujan at thirty-three, Riemann at forty. There have been men who have done great work a good deal later; Gauss's great memoir on di... | G. H. Hardy | 0.848589 |
628 | Bioinformatics tools exist to assist with interpretation of mass spectra (see de novo peptide sequencing), to compare or analyze protein sequences (see sequence analysis), or search databases using peptide or protein sequences (see BLAST). | Protein sequencing | 0.848575 |
629 | DNA nanoball sequencing has been used in recent studies. Lee et al. used this technology to find mutations that were present in a lung cancer and compared them to normal lung tissue. They were able to identify over 50,000 single nucleotide variants. Roach et al. used DNA nanoball sequencing to sequence the genomes of a... | DNA nanoball sequencing | 0.848573 |
630 | Advice (complexity) Amortized analysis Arthur–Merlin protocol Best and worst cases Busy beaver Circuit complexity Constructible function Cook's theorem Exponential time Function problem Linear time Linear speedup theorem Natural proof Polynomial time Polynomial-time many-one reduction Polynomial-time Turing reduction S... | List of computability and complexity topics | 0.848559 |
631 | There are many limitations to test crosses. It can be a time-consuming process as some organisms require a long growing time in each generation to show the necessary phenotype. A large number of offspring are also required to have reliable data due to statistics. Test crosses are only useful if dominance is complete. | Test cross | 0.84855 |
632 | Astronomers typically divide the infrared spectrum as follows: These divisions are not precise and can vary depending on the publication. The three regions are used for observation of different temperature ranges, and hence different environments in space. The most common photometric system used in astronomy allocates ... | Short-wavelength infrared | 0.848546 |
633 | In computer science, a soft heap is a variant on the simple heap data structure that has constant amortized time complexity for 5 types of operations. This is achieved by carefully "corrupting" (increasing) the keys of at most a constant number of values in the heap. | Soft heap | 0.84854 |
634 | The slope field can be defined for the following type of differential equations y ′ = f ( x , y ) , {\displaystyle y'=f(x,y),} which can be interpreted geometrically as giving the slope of the tangent to the graph of the differential equation's solution (integral curve) at each point (x, y) as a function of the point c... | Slope field | 0.848536 |
635 | Program I investigates non-constructibility in geometry, classification of patterns in two dimensions, error-correcting codes, cryptography, and the analysis of the Rubik's Cube. The mathematics that is central to solving these problems comes from the areas of abstract algebra and number theory. Program II contains an ... | Stanford University Mathematics Camp | 0.848533 |
636 | Most tertiary structure modelling methods, such as Rosetta, are optimized for modelling the tertiary structure of single protein domains. A step called domain parsing, or domain boundary prediction, is usually done first to split a protein into potential structural domains. As with the rest of tertiary structure predic... | Protein structure prediction | 0.84853 |
637 | Several other problems in computational geometry have equivalent or harder complexity to X + Y {\displaystyle X+Y} sorting, including constructing Minkowski sums of staircase polygons, finding the crossing points of an arrangement of lines in sorted order by their x {\displaystyle x} -coordinates, listing pairs of poin... | X + Y sorting | 0.848528 |
638 | Graphmatica can graph Cartesian functions, relations, and inequalities, plus polar, parametric and ordinary differential equations. | Graphmatica | 0.848525 |
639 | Ignoring the free charge, the potential is: Using the divergence theorem, the divergence term transforms into the surface integral: with dA0 an element of surface area of the volume. In the event that p(r) is a constant, only the surface term survives: with dA0 an elementary area of the surface bounding the charges. In... | Electric dipole moment | 0.848508 |
640 | We have calculated the number of ways that configuration of trips might have occurred, and to explain the calculation, let’s recall those coin tossing experiments talked about so much in elementary statistics. The number of ways a two-sided coin can come up is 2 n {\displaystyle 2^{n}} , where n is the number of times ... | Trip distribution | 0.848499 |
641 | In mathematics and abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as groups. The concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as rings, fields, and vector spaces, can all be seen as groups endowed with additional operations and axioms. Groups recu... | List of group theory topics | 0.848497 |
642 | These are endowed with the structure of a vector space over GF(2). The addition of this vector space is the bitwise operation called XOR (exclusive or). The bitwise AND is another operation on this vector space, which makes it a Boolean algebra, a structure that underlies all computer science. | GF(2) | 0.848474 |
643 | If the degree is higher than one, the graph does not have any asymptote. It has two parabolic branches with vertical direction (one branch for positive x and one for negative x). Polynomial graphs are analyzed in calculus using intercepts, slopes, concavity, and end behavior. | Polynomial multiplication | 0.848469 |
644 | v, projectile velocity at range. π (pi) = 3.14159… d, measured cross section (diameter) of projectileor From standard physics as applied to "G" models: i = C p C G {\displaystyle i={\frac {C_{\text{p}}}{C_{\text{G}}}}} where: i, coefficient of form. CG, drag coefficient of 1.00 from any "G" model, reference drawing, pr... | Ballistic coefficient | 0.848429 |
645 | If there is a strong previous suspicion of the pathogen genome composition and since the amount of pathogen nucleic acid in more noise samples is overwhelmed by the RNA/DNA of other organisms, selecting an extraction kit of only RNA or DNA would be a more specific and convenient approach. Some commerciable available ki... | Clinical metagenomic next-generation sequencing | 0.848405 |
646 | The exam is typically administered on a Monday afternoon in May. The exam is configured in two categories: a 35-question multiple choice section and a 3-question free response section. Test takers are allowed to use an approved calculator during the entire exam. The test is weighted such that each section is worth half... | AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism | 0.848394 |
647 | "6 tips to help you detect fake science news" The Conversation, March 15, 2021. "From CRISPR to glowing proteins to optogenetics – scientists’ most powerful technologies have been borrowed from nature." The Conversation, August 5, 2021. "AI makes huge progress predicting how proteins fold – one of biology’s greatest ch... | Marc Zimmer | 0.848389 |
648 | These rotations and vibrations are quantized; there are discrete energy levels. The smallest energy differences exist between different rotational states, therefore pure rotational spectra are in the far infrared region (about 30 - 150 µm wavelength) of the electromagnetic spectrum. Vibrational spectra are in the near ... | Optical Physics | 0.84838 |
649 | This table gives an overview over the best known asymptotic runtimes, assuming we have free choice of network topology. Example topologies we want for optimal runtime are binary tree, binomial tree, hypercube. In practice, we have to adjust to the available physical topologies, e.g. dragonfly, fat tree, grid network (r... | Collective operation | 0.84837 |
650 | Another example is the parabola in R2, which is defined by the equation y 2 − x = 0. {\displaystyle y^{2}-x=0.} Its projection onto the x-axis is the half-line [0, ∞), a semialgebraic set that cannot be obtained from algebraic sets by (finite) intersections, unions, and set complements. | Tarski–Seidenberg theorem | 0.848363 |
651 | Every p-group is periodic since by definition every element has finite order. If p is prime and G is a group of order pk, then G has a normal subgroup of order pm for every 1 ≤ m ≤ k. This follows by induction, using Cauchy's theorem and the Correspondence Theorem for groups. A proof sketch is as follows: because the c... | P-primary group | 0.84833 |
652 | tail tail recursion tango tree target temporal logic terminal (see Steiner tree) terminal node ternary search ternary search tree (TST) text searching theta threaded binary tree threaded tree three-dimensional three-way merge sort three-way radix quicksort time-constructible function time/space complexity top-down radi... | List of terms relating to algorithms and data structures | 0.848322 |
653 | This messenger RNA molecule then serves to produce a corresponding amino acid sequence through a process called translation. Each group of three nucleotides in the sequence, called a codon, corresponds either to one of the twenty possible amino acids in a protein or an instruction to end the amino acid sequence; this c... | Genetics | 0.848281 |
654 | cactus stack Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS) calendar queue candidate consistency testing candidate verification canonical complexity class capacitated facility location capacity capacity constraint Cartesian tree cascade merge sort caverphone Cayley–Purser algorithm C curve cell probe model cell tree cellular ... | List of terms relating to algorithms and data structures | 0.848277 |
655 | The USIYPT consists of six preliminary rounds and a set of final rounds. In each round, called a "Physics Fight," a student from the reporting team presents a 10-minute summary of their research into one of the four official tournament problems. Next, a student from another team engages the reporter in a 12-minute conv... | United States Invitational Young Physicists Tournament | 0.848262 |
656 | There are several algorithms for solving lexicographic optimization problems. | Lexicographic optimization | 0.848231 |
657 | For example, the color temperature of an A0V star is about 15000 K compared to an effective temperature of about 9500 K.For most applications in astronomy (e.g., to place a star on the HR diagram or to determine the temperature of a model flux fitting an observed spectrum) the effective temperature is the quantity of i... | Light temperature | 0.848198 |
658 | Huxley, A.F. (1957). "Muscle Structure and Theories of Contraction". Progress in Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry. | Cause of Cambrian Explosion - Terrestrial or Cosmic? | 0.848179 |
659 | In practice, this process is torturously difficult unless the game is very simple. It can be helpful to distinguish between combinatorial "mathgames" of interest primarily to mathematicians and scientists to ponder and solve, and combinatorial "playgames" of interest to the general population as a form of entertainment... | Combinatorial game | 0.848167 |
660 | Classification of machine learning models can be validated by accuracy estimation techniques like the holdout method, which splits the data in a training and test set (conventionally 2/3 training set and 1/3 test set designation) and evaluates the performance of the training model on the test set. In comparison, the K-... | Statistical learning | 0.848144 |
661 | Or for some compilers assume no multi-threaded execution (so better optimized code can be produced), which can lead to optimizations that are incompatible with multi-threading - these can often lead to subtle bugs, that don't show up in early testing. Modern programming languages like Java therefore implement a memory ... | Memory model (programming) | 0.848139 |
662 | A mutation accumulation experiment conducted by Ruth Shaw and colleagues serves as a good example of a typical MA experiment: the group sought to measure the effects of spontaneous mutations on the reproductive traits of Arabidopsis thaliana. A.thaliana is an ideal candidate for a MA experiment because it is capable of... | Mutation accumulation experiments | 0.84812 |
663 | However, classical physics led to the Rayleigh–Jeans law, which, as shown in the figure, agrees with experimental results well at low frequencies, but strongly disagrees at high frequencies. Physicists searched for a single theory that explained all the experimental results. The first model that was able to explain the... | Modern quantum theory | 0.84811 |
664 | Another variant is the not-all-equal 3-satisfiability problem (also called NAE3SAT). Given a conjunctive normal form with three literals per clause, the problem is to determine if an assignment to the variables exists such that in no clause all three literals have the same truth value. This problem is NP-complete, too,... | Boolean Satisfiability | 0.84811 |
665 | Looking at rotational energy separately around an object's axis of rotation, the following dependence on the object's moment of inertia is observed: E r o t a t i o n a l = 1 2 I ω 2 {\displaystyle E_{\mathrm {rotational} }={\frac {1}{2}}I\omega ^{2}} where ω {\displaystyle \omega \ } is the angular velocity I {\displa... | Glossary of engineering: M–Z | 0.848108 |
666 | (An example of the latter is given in the section on Descartes' theorem.) However, there are no Apollonius problems with seven solutions. Alternative solutions based on the geometry of circles and spheres have been developed and used in higher dimensions. | Problem of Apollonius | 0.848107 |
667 | Two or more posts had to work in concert to use the system, using two measured angles and simple trigonometry to solve the altitude.The simplest measurement took place when an aircraft flew directly over one of the posts. Other posts that could see the same aircraft would continue to track the target as normal, set to ... | Post Instrument | 0.848083 |
668 | There is an alternative solution using algebraic geometry In brief, one interprets the roots as the intersection of two quadratic curves, then finds the three reducible quadratic curves (pairs of lines) that pass through these points (this corresponds to the resolvent cubic, the pairs of lines being the Lagrange resolv... | Quartic function | 0.848079 |
669 | A solution in radicals or algebraic solution is a closed-form expression, and more specifically a closed-form algebraic expression, that is the solution of a polynomial equation, and relies only on addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, raising to integer powers, and the extraction of nth roots (square roots,... | Solution in radicals | 0.848069 |
670 | In chemistry, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is known as the atomic number, which determines the chemical element to which the atom belongs. For example, the atomic number of chlorine is 17; this means that each chlorine atom has 17 protons and that all atoms with 17 protons are chlorine atoms. The che... | Proton mass | 0.848058 |
671 | There is the following recognition theorem: If a group K {\displaystyle K} contains two normal subgroups G and H , {\displaystyle G{\text{ and }}H,} such that K = G H {\displaystyle K=GH} and the intersection of G and H {\displaystyle G{\text{ and }}H} contains only the identity, then K {\displaystyle K} is isomorphic ... | Directly indecomposable | 0.848057 |
672 | This kind of algorithm typically becomes unusable at very small problem sizes, often between 30 and 100 items (most computer algorithms need to be able to solve much larger problems, up to tens of thousands or even millions of items in reasonable times, something that would be physically impossible with an exponential ... | Exponential curve | 0.848045 |
673 | 41 Mathematics 42 Physical Sciences 43 Chemistry 44 Technology | Freinet classification | 0.848036 |
674 | This training has since been renewed each year. The first selection is made using a series of logic and memory tests on the institution's website intended to assess the students' abilities to learn computer science. The second selection is called the “pool”. | 42 (school) | 0.848029 |
675 | In 2013, John Iacono published a paper which uses the geometry of binary search trees to provide an algorithm which is dynamically optimal if any binary search tree algorithm is dynamically optimal. Nodes are interpreted as points in two dimensions, and the optimal access sequence is the smallest arborally satisfied su... | Optimal binary search tree | 0.84802 |
676 | Taking the parabola y = x2 , a horizontal translation 5 units to the right would be represented by T(x, y) = (x + 5, y). Now we must connect this transformation notation to an algebraic notation. Consider the point (a, b) on the original parabola that moves to point (c, d) on the translated parabola. According to our t... | Translation (geometry) | 0.848016 |
677 | For matter not enclosed in such a cavity, thermal radiation can be approximately explained by appropriate use of Planck's law. Classical physics led, via the equipartition theorem, to the ultraviolet catastrophe, a prediction that the total blackbody radiation intensity was infinite. If supplemented by the classically ... | Planckian distribution | 0.848013 |
678 | The term heterosis often causes confusion and even controversy, particularly in selective breeding of domestic animals, because it is sometimes (incorrectly) claimed that all crossbred plants and animals are "genetically superior" to their parents, due to heterosis,. but two problems exist with this claim: according to... | Heterotic group | 0.847999 |
679 | Therefore, multidimensional (2, 3 or 4D) experiments have been devised to deal with this problem. To facilitate these experiments, it is desirable to isotopically label the protein with 13C and 15N because the predominant naturally occurring isotope 12C is not NMR-active and the nuclear quadrupole moment of the predomi... | NMR spec | 0.847986 |
680 | Zero is the smallest element: 0 ≤ a for all a in A. The sum a + b is the least upper bound of a and b: we have a ≤ a + b and b ≤ a + b and if x is an element of A with a ≤ x and b ≤ x, then a + b ≤ x. Similarly, a1 + ... + an is the least upper bound of the elements a1, ..., an. Multiplication and addition are monotoni... | Kleene algebra | 0.847971 |
681 | When flipping a fair coin 21 times, the outcome is equally likely to be 21 heads as 20 heads and then 1 tail. These two outcomes are equally as likely as any of the other combinations that can be obtained from 21 flips of a coin. All of the 21-flip combinations will have probabilities equal to 0.521, or 1 in 2,097,152.... | Gambler's fallacy | 0.847955 |
682 | eDNA production is dependent on biomass, age and feeding activity of the organism as well as physiology, life history, and space use.By 2019 methods in eDNA research had been expanded to be able to assess whole communities from a single sample. This process involves metabarcoding, which can be precisely defined as the ... | DNA metabarcoding | 0.847947 |
683 | Stiffness depends upon material properties and geometry. The stiffness of a structural element of a given material is the product of the material's Young's modulus and the element's second moment of area. Stiffness is measured in force per unit length (newtons per millimetre or N/mm), and is equivalent to the 'force co... | Structural engineering theory | 0.847947 |
684 | Structure and Matter, 20% States of Matter, 20% Reactions, 35–40% Descriptive Chemistry, 10–15% Laboratory, 5–10% | AP Chemistry | 0.847912 |
685 | ProQres was shown to outperform earlier methodologies based on statistical approaches (Verify3D, ProsaII, and Errat). The data presented in Wallner and Elofsson's study suggests that their machine-learning approach based on structural features is indeed superior to statistics-based methods. However, the knowledge-based... | Homology model | 0.84791 |
686 | Atomic, orbital, and bond populations (Mulliken). Electron density.And also (though not all options are compatible): Geometry relaxation, fixed or variable cell. Constant-temperature molecular dynamics (Nose thermostat). | SIESTA (computer program) | 0.847874 |
687 | Since ILNumerics comes as a CLI assembly, it targets Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) applications. Just like Java - those frameworks are often criticized for not being suitable for numerical computations. Reasons are the memory management by a garbage collector, the intermediate language execution and deficient op... | ILNumerics | 0.847822 |
688 | Zbl 1187.47003. Jacobson, Nathan (2009). Basic algebra. | Semigroup homomorphism | 0.847801 |
689 | In mathematics, rings are algebraic structures that generalize fields: multiplication need not be commutative and multiplicative inverses need not exist. In other words, a ring is a set equipped with two binary operations satisfying properties analogous to those of addition and multiplication of integers. Ring elements... | Unital ring | 0.847796 |
690 | As an illustrative example, consider the problem of evaluation in a high school. The director of the school wants to assign students (objects) to three classes: bad, medium and good (notice that class good is preferred to medium and medium is preferred to bad). Each student is described by three criteria: level in Phys... | Dominance-based rough set approach | 0.847775 |
691 | This class of steroids contains the standard framework of steroids in addition to four vicinal diols that have their own stereochemistry. Brosa installed the hydroxyl groups in the steroid using both Woodward conditions to yield a cis-diol to the A ring of the steroid. Then, the alkene chain on the D ring was dihydroxy... | Dihydroxylation | 0.847771 |
692 | Game contained over 200 challenges, separated into 4 groups, known as 'bases'. The challenges had a similar format to the ones in Assess, but with a much broader scope and increased difficulty. As the student progressed through the levels, the challenges became much more difficult. A 'Field manual' was provided which c... | Cyber Discovery | 0.847769 |
693 | In 2013, an approach based on regularization of neural networks using DropConnect has been claimed to achieve a 0.21 percent error rate. In 2016, the single convolutional neural network best performance was 0.25 percent error rate. As of August 2018, the best performance of a single convolutional neural network trained... | MNIST database | 0.847764 |
694 | Further, some NP-complete problems actually have algorithms running in superpolynomial, but subexponential time such as O(2√nn). For example, the independent set and dominating set problems for planar graphs are NP-complete, but can be solved in subexponential time using the planar separator theorem. "Each instance of ... | NP-complete problem | 0.847756 |
695 | : 118 Not all code is original, and may be borrowed from other libraries, creating a complicated set of relationships between data processing and data input systems. : 22 Additional complexity occurs through machine learning and the personalization of algorithms based on user interactions such as clicks, time spent on ... | Algorithmic bias | 0.847755 |
696 | MG-RAST identifies gene sequences by using a machine learning approach: FragGeneScan. Ribosomal RNA sequences are identified through an initial BLAT search against a reduced version of SILVA database. | MG-RAST | 0.847744 |
697 | Connecting a NOT gate to a NAND gate forms the AND gate. Connecting a NOT gate to a NOR gate forms the OR gate.These five gates form the building blocks of binary algebra—the digital logic functions of the computer. Microcode instructions are mnemonics programmers may use to execute digital logic functions instead of f... | Computer programs | 0.847733 |
698 | As a result of this migration, the negative charges move to the side which is close to the positive (or higher) voltage while the positive charges move to the opposite side of the particle. These charges under the skin of the conducting particle attract the counter-ions of the aqueous solution; thus, the electric doubl... | Induced-charge Electrokinetics | 0.847729 |
699 | The dynamic version for the closest-pair problem is stated as follows: Given a dynamic set of objects, find algorithms and data structures for efficient recalculation of the closest pair of objects each time the objects are inserted or deleted.If the bounding box for all points is known in advance and the constant-time... | Closest pair of points | 0.847715 |
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