id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
6,000 | The reasons why tRNA genes have been lost during evolution remains under debate but may relate improving resistance to viral infection. Because nucleotide triplets can present more combinations than there are amino acids and associated tRNAs, there is redundancy in the genetic code, and several different 3-nucleotide c... | Transfer RNA | 0.829854 |
6,001 | For example, a free body diagram of a block sitting upon an inclined plane can illustrate the combination of gravitational force, "normal" force, friction, and string tension.Newton's second law is sometimes presented as a definition of force, i.e., a force is that which exists when an inertial observer sees a body acc... | Newton's Second Law | 0.829852 |
6,002 | Scores on this exam are sometimes required for entrance to chemistry Ph.D. programs in the United States. Scores are scaled and then reported as a number between 200 and 990; however, in recent versions of the test, the maximum and minimum reported scores have been 940 (corresponding to the 99 percentile) and 460 (1 pe... | GRE Chemistry Test | 0.829851 |
6,003 | In abstract algebra, given a magma with binary operation β (which could nominally be termed multiplication), left division of b by a (written a \ b) is typically defined as the solution x to the equation a β x = b, if this exists and is unique. Similarly, right division of b by a (written b / a) is the solution y to th... | Right division | 0.829848 |
6,004 | The most naive way of identifying the most parsimonious tree is simple enumeration - considering each possible tree in succession and searching for the tree with the smallest score. However, this is only possible for a relatively small number of sequences or species because the problem of identifying the most parsimoni... | Phylogenetic inference | 0.829847 |
6,005 | The second is to use some form of regularization. This concept emerges in a probabilistic (Bayesian) framework, where regularization can be performed by selecting a larger prior probability over simpler models; but also in statistical learning theory, where the goal is to minimize over two quantities: the 'empirical ri... | Artificial Neural Networks | 0.829847 |
6,006 | Symbiodinium are perhaps the best group for studying micro-eukaryote physiology and ecology for several reasons. Firstly, available phylogenetic and population genetic markers allow for detailed examination of their genetic diversity over broad spatial and temporal scales. Also, large quantities of Symbiodinium cells a... | Symbiodinium | 0.829846 |
6,007 | In photography, ND filters are quantified by their optical density or equivalently their f-stop reduction. In microscopy, the transmittance value is sometimes used. In astronomy, the fractional transmittance is sometimes used (eclipses). Note: Hoya, B+W, Cokin use code ND2 or ND2x, etc.; Lee, Tiffen use code 0.3ND, etc... | ND filter | 0.829844 |
6,008 | The Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IMBG of the NASU) is a scientific research organisation in Kyiv, Ukraine. Founded in 1973 as a branch of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the institute specialises in genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, genetic... | NASU Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics | 0.829842 |
6,009 | Of cause optimization of procedure according to the starting material, species of desired nucleic acid (DNA/RNA, Linear/ circular, ds/ss, long/short) are required. Today, the assay characterized by using silica coated magnetic beads seems to be the most common. Therefore, in this article, "silica beads" are intended to... | Boom method | 0.829841 |
6,010 | Series and parallel are, in fact, the 2-terminal versions of star and polygon topology. A common simple topology that cannot be solved by series and parallel combinations is the input impedance to a bridge network (except in the special case when the bridge is in balance). The rest of the transforms in this section are... | Equivalent impedance transforms | 0.82984 |
6,011 | In computer science, dead-reckoning refers to navigating an array data structure using indexes. Since every array element has the same size, it is possible to directly access one array element by knowing any position in the array.Given the following array: knowing the memory address where the array starts, it is easy t... | Dead reckoning | 0.829839 |
6,012 | In computational complexity theory, a branch of computer science, the Max/min CSP/Ones classification theorems state necessary and sufficient conditions that determine the complexity classes of problems about satisfying a subset S of boolean relations. They are similar to Schaefer's dichotomy theorem, which classifies ... | Max/min CSP/Ones classification theorems | 0.829838 |
6,013 | In algebraic geometry, the conic sections in the projective plane form a linear system of dimension five, as one sees by counting the constants in the degree two equations. The condition to pass through a given point P imposes a single linear condition, so that conics C through P form a linear system of dimension 4. Ot... | Linear system of conics | 0.829838 |
6,014 | For example, x 5 β 3 x + 1 = 0 {\displaystyle x^{5}-3x+1=0} is a univariate algebraic (polynomial) equation with integer coefficients and y 4 + x y 2 = x 3 3 β x y 2 + y 2 β 1 7 {\displaystyle y^{4}+{\frac {xy}{2}}={\frac {x^{3}}{3}}-xy^{2}+y^{2}-{\frac {1}{7}}} is a multivariate polynomial equation over the rational n... | Equation | 0.829837 |
6,015 | Lie theory is frequently built upon a study of the classical linear algebraic groups. Special branches include Weyl groups, Coxeter groups, and buildings. The classical subject has been extended to Groups of Lie type. In 1900 David Hilbert challenged Lie theorists with his Fifth Problem presented at the International C... | Lie theory | 0.829832 |
6,016 | M. fascicularis is also used extensively in medical experiments, in particular those connected with neuroscience and disease. Due to their close physiology, they can share infections with humans. Some cases of concern have been an isolated event of Reston ebolavirus found in a captive-bred population shipped to the US ... | Crab-eating Macaque | 0.829832 |
6,017 | Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix). Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, ... | Nucleobase analogue | 0.829832 |
6,018 | Intuitively, passing through five points in general linear position specifies five independent linear constraints on the (projective) linear space of conics, and hence specifies a unique conic, though this brief statement ignores subtleties. More precisely, this is seen as follows: conics correspond to points in the fi... | Five points determine a conic | 0.829831 |
6,019 | Performing machine learning can involve creating a model, which is trained on some training data and then can process additional data to make predictions. Various types of models have been used and researched for machine learning systems. | Applications of machine learning | 0.829829 |
6,020 | This potential use of genome sequencing is highly controversial, as it runs counter to established ethical norms for predictive genetic testing of asymptomatic minors that have been well established in the fields of medical genetics and genetic counseling. The traditional guidelines for genetic testing have been develo... | Whole genome sequencing | 0.829829 |
6,021 | Discriminative training of linear classifiers usually proceeds in a supervised way, by means of an optimization algorithm that is given a training set with desired outputs and a loss function that measures the discrepancy between the classifier's outputs and the desired outputs. Thus, the learning algorithm solves an o... | Linear classification | 0.829827 |
6,022 | If the original group is linear, so too is the universal complexification and the homomorphism between the two is an inclusion. Onishchik & Vinberg (1994) give an example of a connected real Lie group for which the homomorphism is not injective even at the Lie algebra level: they take the product of T by the universal ... | Complexification (Lie group) | 0.829827 |
6,023 | Over the integers and the rational numbers the irreducible factors may have any degree. For example, the factored form of is over the integers and the reals, and over the complex numbers. The computation of the factored form, called factorization is, in general, too difficult to be done by hand-written computation. How... | Linear polynomial | 0.829826 |
6,024 | An example from high school mathematics says that a single-variable quadratic polynomial has a real root if and only if its discriminant is non-negative: β x β R . ( a β 0 β§ a x 2 + b x + c = 0 ) βΊ a β 0 β§ b 2 β 4 a c β₯ 0 {\displaystyle \exists x\in \mathbb {R} . (a\neq 0\wedge ax^{2}+bx+c=0)\ \ \Longleftrightarrow \ \... | Elimination of quantifiers | 0.829824 |
6,025 | In 1868 Jules Janssen and Norman Lockyer discovered a new element in the Sun unknown on Earth, helium, which currently comprises 23.8% of the mass in the solar photosphere. As of today, spectroscopes are an important tool to know about the chemical composition of the celestial bodies. By the mid-20th century, new impor... | Discovery and exploration of the Solar System | 0.829824 |
6,026 | The purpose of compiling Prolog code to the more low-level WAM code is to make subsequent interpretation of the Prolog program more efficient. Prolog code is reasonably easy to translate to WAM instructions, which can be more efficiently interpreted. Also, subsequent code improvements and compilations to native code ar... | Warren Abstract Machine | 0.829824 |
6,027 | Earth-leakage circuit breaker β Earth potential rise β Earth β Earthing system β Ebers-Moll β Ecotax β Eddy current β Edge detection β Edison effect β Edison Pioneer β Eigenvalues and eigenvectors β Electret β Electric arc β Electric charge β Electric circuit β Electric current β Electric displacement field β Electric ... | Index of electrical engineering articles | 0.829821 |
6,028 | Traditionally, PPII has been considered to be relatively rigid and used as a "molecular ruler" in structural biology, e.g., to calibrate FRET efficiency measurements. However, subsequent experimental and theoretical studies have called into question this picture of a polyproline peptide as a "rigid rod". Further studie... | Polyproline helix | 0.829816 |
6,029 | Primer affinity varies among all DNA sequences, which may result in biases during the amplification reaction; indeed, low-abundance samples are susceptible to overamplification errors, since the other contaminating microorganisms result to be over-represented in case of increasing the PCR cycles. Therefore, the optimiz... | Human microbiome | 0.829815 |
6,030 | That is, elements in a semiring need not have additive inverses. semisimple A semisimple ring is an Artinian ring R that is a finite product of simple Artinian rings; in other words, it is a semisimple left R-module. separable A separable algebra is an associative algebra whose tensor-square admits a separability idemp... | Nil ring | 0.82981 |
6,031 | An important application of the extended GCD algorithm is that it allows one to compute division in algebraic field extensions. Let L an algebraic extension of a field K, generated by an element whose minimal polynomial f has degree n. The elements of L are usually represented by univariate polynomials over K of degree... | Euclid's algorithm for polynomials | 0.829809 |
6,032 | Here is the function for a line segment distance between two 3D points. d i s t a n c e = ( z 2 β z 1 ) 2 + ( x 2 β x 1 ) 2 + ( y 2 β y 1 ) 2 {\displaystyle \mathrm {distance} ={\sqrt {(z_{2}-z_{1})^{2}+(x_{2}-x_{1})^{2}+(y_{2}-y_{1})^{2}}}} Here the length/distance of the segment is an adjustable "hit" criteria size o... | Continuous collision detection | 0.829809 |
6,033 | Model: contains the definition of the data mining model. E.g., A multi-layered feedforward neural network is represented in PMML by a "NeuralNetwork" element which contains attributes such as: Model Name (attribute modelName) Function Name (attribute functionName) Algorithm Name (attribute algorithmName) Activation Fun... | Predictive Model Markup Language | 0.829808 |
6,034 | However, no algebraic expressions with purely real terms exist for the solutions of this equation, because it is an example of casus irreducibilis. The approximate relation of the sides is b β 1.80193 β
a , c β 2.24698 β
a . {\displaystyle b\approx 1.80193\cdot a,\qquad c\approx 2.24698\cdot a.} | Heptagonal triangle | 0.829808 |
6,035 | In set theory, a set is finite if and only if every non-empty family of subsets has a minimal element when ordered by the inclusion relation. In abstract algebra, the concept of a maximal common divisor is needed to generalize greatest common divisors to number systems in which the common divisors of a set of elements ... | Maximal element | 0.829808 |
6,036 | "On aperiodic sets of Wang tiles". Foundations of Computer Science. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. | Penrose tiling | 0.829807 |
6,037 | Different such amounts can even generate different hyperplanes, all sharing the same algebraic stoichiometry. In accord with the principles of chemical kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium, every chemical reaction is reversible, at least to some degree, so that each equilibrium point must be an interior point of the ... | Stoichiometry matrix | 0.829807 |
6,038 | The Basel Computational Biology Conference (stylized as 2) is a scientific meeting on the subjects of bioinformatics and computational biology. It covers a wide spectrum of disciplines, including bioinformatics, computational biology, genomics, computational structural biology, and systems biology. The conference is or... | Basel Computational Biology Conference | 0.829806 |
6,039 | Algebraically, negation (NOT) is replaced with 1 β x, conjunction (AND) is replaced with multiplication ( x y {\displaystyle xy} ), and disjunction (OR) is defined via De Morgan's law. Interpreting these values as logical truth values yields a multi-valued logic, which forms the basis for fuzzy logic and probabilistic ... | Contact algebra | 0.829801 |
6,040 | J. H. C. Whitehead, motivated by the second Cousin problem, first posed the problem in the 1950s. Stein answered the question in the affirmative for countable groups. Progress for larger groups was slow, and the problem was considered an important one in algebra for some years. Shelah's result was completely unexpected... | Whitehead's problem | 0.829801 |
6,041 | In geometry, a solid of revolution is a solid figure obtained by rotating a plane figure around some straight line (the axis of revolution), which may not intersect the generatrix (except at its boundary). The surface created by this revolution and which bounds the solid is the surface of revolution. Assuming that the ... | Volume of revolution | 0.829799 |
6,042 | Short-circuiting can lead to errors in branch prediction on modern central processing units (CPUs), and dramatically reduce performance. A notable example is highly optimized ray with axis aligned box intersection code in ray tracing. Some compilers can detect such cases and emit faster code, but programming language s... | Short-circuiting operator | 0.829797 |
6,043 | Stage 1 uses linear programming to determine a set of exons for each gene. Stage 2 builds a splice graph representation of a gene, by connecting the exons (vertices) via introns (edges) extracted from spliced read alignments. Stage 3 selects a subset of the candidate transcripts encoded in the graph that can explain al... | List of RNA-Seq bioinformatics tools | 0.829796 |
6,044 | However, recent advances in numerical computing have shown a comeback of the force method, especially in the case of nonlinear systems. New frameworks have been developed that allow "exact" formulations irrespectively of the type or nature of the system nonlinearities. The main advantages of the flexibility method is t... | Flexibility method | 0.829796 |
6,045 | As the functional group of the amino acid cysteine, the thiol group plays a very important role in biology. When the thiol groups of two cysteine residues (as in monomers or constituent units) are brought near each other in the course of protein folding, an oxidation reaction can generate a cystine unit with a disulfid... | Thiol group | 0.829794 |
6,046 | It has been "revised to eliminate the sections for numerical calculations, conversions, geometry, and trigonometry. Items have been added in the following areas: data analysis, interpretation, and sufficiency; quantitative comparison; and probability and statistics." During 2014 and 2015, examinees may have seen some q... | Dental Admission Test | 0.829792 |
6,047 | The membership problem asks, given an AFA A {\displaystyle A} and a word w {\displaystyle w} , whether A {\displaystyle A} accepts w {\displaystyle w} . This problem is P-complete. This is true even on a singleton alphabet, i.e., when the automaton accepts a unary language. The non-emptiness problem (is the language of... | Alternating finite automaton | 0.829787 |
6,048 | In research or diagnosis DNA amplification can be conducted through methods such as: Polymerase chain reaction, an easy, cheap, and reliable way to repeatedly replicate a focused segment of DNA by polymerizing nucleotides, a concept which is applicable to numerous fields in modern biology and related sciences. Ligase c... | DNA amplification | 0.829786 |
6,049 | The dynamic loading of joints considered as impact is discussed in detail by Emanuel Willert. It is also tied to the field of engineering, because it often uses traditional engineering sciences to analyze biological systems. Some simple applications of Newtonian mechanics and/or materials sciences can supply correct ap... | Biomechanics | 0.829786 |
6,050 | If no field K is specified, the transcendence degree of a field L is its degree relative to some fixed base field; for example, the prime field of the same characteristic, or K, if L is an algebraic function field over K. The field extension L / K is purely transcendental if there is a subset S of L that is algebraical... | Transcendental extension | 0.829783 |
6,051 | This ignores locality of reference in data with a grid-topology (such as images), both computationally and semantically. Thus, full connectivity of neurons is wasteful for purposes such as image recognition that are dominated by spatially local input patterns. Convolutional neural networks are variants of multilayer pe... | Convolutional layer | 0.829781 |
6,052 | Some authors allow the binary tree to be the empty set as well. bioinformatics An interdisciplinary field that combines biology, computer science, information engineering, mathematics, and statistics to develop methods and software tools for analyzing and interpreting biological data. Bioinformatics is widely used for ... | Glossary of computer science | 0.829781 |
6,053 | In geometry, the problem of dividing a circle into areas by means of an inscribed polygon with n sides in such a way as to maximise the number of areas created by the edges and diagonals, sometimes called Moser's circle problem, has a solution by an inductive method. The greatest possible number of regions, rG = ( n 4 ... | Dividing a circle into areas | 0.829775 |
6,054 | In geometry, a three-dimensional space (3-D space, 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a mathematical space in which three values (coordinates) are required to determine the position of a point. Most commonly, it is the three-dimensional Euclidean space, the Euclidean n-space of dimension n=3 that models phys... | Three-dimensional space | 0.829772 |
6,055 | In November 2010, it featured more than 50 systems, including both theorem provers and model finders. System on TPTP can either run user-selected systems, or pick systems automatically based on problem features, and run them in parallel. == References == | System on TPTP | 0.829772 |
6,056 | It was improved a year later when F. C. Hennie and Richard E. Stearns improved the efficiency of the Universal Turing machine. Consequent to the theorem, for every deterministic time-bounded complexity class, there is a strictly larger time-bounded complexity class, and so the time-bounded hierarchy of complexity class... | Time hierarchy theorem | 0.829771 |
6,057 | Advances in science and technology are relevant to the BWC since they may affect the threat presented by biological weapons. The ongoing advances in synthetic biology and enabling technologies are eroding the technological barriers to acquiring and genetically enhancing dangerous pathogens and using them for hostile pu... | Biological Weapons Convention | 0.82977 |
6,058 | Using model organismsβmice, fish, flies, worms and human stem cells to Unravel gene functions linked to mutations and epigenetic factors; Explore the development and regenerative capacity of the brain, heart, muscles, pancreas, limbs, liver and other organs; and Probe the biology of aging and organ/tissue maintenance t... | Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute | 0.829769 |
6,059 | In 1859, not knowing of Stewarts work, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff reported the coincidence of the wavelengths of spectrally resolved lines of absorption and of emission of visible light. Importantly for thermal physics, he also observed that bright lines or dark lines were apparent depending on the temperature difference ... | Black body spectrum | 0.829769 |
6,060 | In 1859, not knowing of Stewart's work, Gustav Robert Kirchhoff reported the coincidence of the wavelengths of spectrally resolved lines of absorption and of emission of visible light. Importantly for thermal physics, he also observed that bright lines or dark lines were apparent depending on the temperature difference... | Plancks law | 0.829768 |
6,061 | Some problems are known to be solvable in polynomial time, but no concrete algorithm is known for solving them. For example, the RobertsonβSeymour theorem guarantees that there is a finite list of forbidden minors that characterizes (for example) the set of graphs that can be embedded on a torus; moreover, Robertson an... | Complexity class P | 0.829767 |
6,062 | The first order theory of the natural numbers with addition (but not multiplication), called Presburger arithmetic, is also decidable. Since multiplication by constants can be implemented as nested additions, the arithmetic in many computer programs can be expressed using Presburger arithmetic, resulting in decidable f... | SMT solver | 0.829767 |
6,063 | Hence Example 5 is isomorphic to a proper subalgebra of itself! Example 6, and hence Example 5, constitutes the free Boolean algebra on countably many generators, meaning the Boolean algebra of all finitary operations on a countably infinite set of generators or variables. Example 7. | Power set algebra | 0.829767 |
6,064 | : 14, 15, 21 John Russell had joined the college in 1901 and took over chemistry teaching from Henry Cousins. : 179 Russell began research into soil microbiology determining that oxygen uptake could be used to measure micro-organism activity in a soil sample. However, he too departed in 1907 taking up an invitation to ... | Wye Hop Breeding Programme | 0.829767 |
6,065 | The fact that the order of the group G is odd is used in several places in the proof, as follows (Thompson 1963). The HallβHigman theorem is sharper for groups of odd order. For groups of odd order, all non-principal characters occur in complex conjugate pairs. | Odd order theorem | 0.829765 |
6,066 | Even if they are never used in practice, galactic algorithms may still contribute to computer science: An algorithm, even if impractical, may show new techniques that may eventually be used to create practical algorithms. Available computational power may catch up to the crossover point, so that a previously impractica... | Galactic algorithm | 0.829765 |
6,067 | The theorem states that every linearly ordered abelian group G can be embedded as an ordered subgroup of the additive group βΞ© endowed with a lexicographical order, where β is the additive group of real numbers (with its standard order), Ξ© is the set of Archimedean equivalence classes of G, and βΞ© is the set of all fun... | Archimedean equivalence | 0.829765 |
6,068 | In group theory, a discipline within modern algebra, an element x {\displaystyle x} of a group G {\displaystyle G} is called a real element of G {\displaystyle G} if it belongs to the same conjugacy class as its inverse x β 1 {\displaystyle x^{-1}} , that is, if there is a g {\displaystyle g} in G {\displaystyle G} wit... | Real element | 0.829763 |
6,069 | The basic qualification for becoming a Clinical Biochemist, Clinical Immunologist or Clinical Microbiologist is a good Honours degree in an appropriate subject: for Clinical Biochemistry, that subject might be Biochemistry or Chemistry (or another life science subject which contains a substantial Biochemistry component... | Medical laboratory scientist | 0.829762 |
6,070 | In mathematics, specifically in abstract algebra, power associativity is a property of a binary operation that is a weak form of associativity. | Power associative | 0.829761 |
6,071 | The Moveworks platform comprises a multitude of specialized machine learning models, such as variants of the BERT language model. These models are trained on historical support tickets in order to process and fulfill new requests; for example, answering policy questions, accessing software, and editing email groups. As... | Moveworks | 0.829758 |
6,072 | One of the three passes through an inductor on the way, while the other two pass through switches. One of the two switches must be active (e.g., a transistor), while the other can be a diode. Sometimes, the topology can be changed simply by re-labeling the connections. | Switch mode power supplies | 0.829755 |
6,073 | A classic example of reducing run-time computations using lookup tables is to obtain the result of a trigonometry calculation, such as the sine of a value. Calculating trigonometric functions can substantially slow a computing application. The same application can finish much sooner when it first precalculates the sine... | Table lookup | 0.829751 |
6,074 | Quite often, these are differential equations, thus, the letter "D". The process is generally mechanical, if laborious. One begins by writing the equations D {\displaystyle D} so that they split into two parts: some collection of equations D 0 {\displaystyle D_{0}} which can be solved exactly, and some additional remai... | Small perturbations | 0.829749 |
6,075 | Decompilers using neural networks have been developed. Such a decompiler may be trained by machine learning to improve its accuracy over time. | Decompiler | 0.829745 |
6,076 | Deduction: Students at this level understand the meaning of deduction. The object of thought is deductive reasoning (simple proofs), which the student learns to combine to form a system of formal proofs (Euclidean geometry). Learners can construct geometric proofs at a secondary school level and understand their meanin... | Van Hiele model | 0.829744 |
6,077 | In theoretical computer science, the computational complexity of matrix multiplication dictates how quickly the operation of matrix multiplication can be performed. Matrix multiplication algorithms are a central subroutine in theoretical and numerical algorithms for numerical linear algebra and optimization, so finding... | CoppersmithβWinograd algorithm | 0.829742 |
6,078 | A Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, Master of Engineering, or Ph.D. degree in engineering science, engineering mechanics, or engineering science and mechanics is awarded upon completion of the respective program. Areas of specialization include aerodynamics, biomechanics, bionanotechnology, biosensors and bioelec... | Engineering science and mechanics | 0.829741 |
6,079 | Probabilistic graphical models form a large class of structured prediction models. In particular, Bayesian networks and random fields are popular. Other algorithms and models for structured prediction include inductive logic programming, case-based reasoning, structured SVMs, Markov logic networks, Probabilistic Soft L... | Structured perceptron | 0.829741 |
6,080 | On a group, every tolerance relation is a congruence relation. In particular, this is true for all algebraic structures that are groups when some of their operations are forgot, e.g. rings, vector spaces, modules, Boolean algebras, etc.: 261β262 Therefore, the varieties of groups, rings, vector spaces, modules and Bool... | Tolerance relation | 0.829739 |
6,081 | This is false, however, for some algebraic objects, like nonabelian groups. In the case where infinitely many objects are combined, the direct sum and direct product are not isomorphic, even for abelian groups, vector spaces, or modules. | Internal direct sum | 0.829737 |
6,082 | The temperature of a sample of a substance reflects the average kinetic energy of its constituent particles (atoms or molecules) relative to its center of mass. However, not all energy provided to a sample of a substance will go into raising its temperature, exemplified via the equipartition theorem. | Specific heat capacity | 0.829735 |
6,083 | During vacations he worked at the CSIRO as a technician, in the team that was developing a vaccine for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Still at the University of Melbourne, he went on to graduate with a MSc in 1971. He undertook his doctoral studies at the University of Edinburgh, graduating with a PhD in 1974 and a... | Grant Robert Sutherland | 0.829729 |
6,084 | In geometry and graph theory, there are some standard polyhedron characteristics. | Truncated icosahedral graph | 0.829727 |
6,085 | Neurobiology, where Markov chains have been used, e.g., to simulate the mammalian neocortex. Systems biology, for instance with the modeling of viral infection of single cells. Compartmental models for disease outbreak and epidemic modeling. | Markov Chain | 0.829726 |
6,086 | The four points can be ordered in any of three distinct ways (counting reversals as not distinct) to form three different quadrilaterals, for each of which the sum of the products of opposite sides is at least as large as the product of the diagonals. Thus the three product terms in the inequality can be additively per... | Ptolemy's inequality | 0.829725 |
6,087 | In physics, the laboratory frame of reference, or lab frame for short, is a frame of reference centered on the laboratory in which the experiment (either real or thought experiment) is done. This is the reference frame in which the laboratory is at rest. Also, this is usually the frame of reference in which measurement... | Local spacetime structure | 0.829723 |
6,088 | In theory-focused degrees, and those preparing students for doctoral work, this coursework is often in these same core topics, but in greater depth. In terminal or applied or career-focused degrees, options may include public finance, labour-, financial-, development-, industrial-, health- or agricultural economics. Th... | Masters in Agricultural Economics | 0.829721 |
6,089 | In elementary algebra, a trinomial is a polynomial consisting of three terms or monomials. | Trinomial | 0.82972 |
6,090 | Rosalind is an educational resource and web project for learning bioinformatics through problem solving and computer programming. Rosalind users learn bioinformatics concepts through a problem tree that builds up biological, algorithmic, and programming knowledge concurrently or learn by topics, with the topic of Align... | Rosalind (education platform) | 0.829719 |
6,091 | In mathematics, a semifield is an algebraic structure with two binary operations, addition and multiplication, which is similar to a field, but with some axioms relaxed. | Semifield | 0.829719 |
6,092 | The separation of the mirrors is L and the clock ticks once each time the light pulse hits mirror A. In the frame in which the clock is at rest (see left part of the diagram), the light pulse traces out a path of length 2L and the period of the clock is 2L divided by the speed of light: Ξ t = 2 L c {\displaystyle \Delt... | Relative velocity time dilation | 0.829719 |
6,093 | The first level of more accuracy where it is approximated that the electrons are only scattered once, which is called kinematical diffraction and is also a far-field or Fraunhofer approach. More complete and accurate explanations where multiple scattering is included, what is called dynamical diffraction (e.g. refs). T... | Electron diffraction | 0.829717 |
6,094 | Although such reflectance properties are different from those of any terrestrial terrains, they are typical of the regolith surfaces of airless Solar System bodies. Two common optical albedos that are used in astronomy are the (V-band) geometric albedo (measuring brightness when illumination comes from directly behind ... | Astronomical albedo | 0.829716 |
6,095 | At the time that molecular biology was coming into its own in the 1950s, there was a long-running debateβthe classical/balance controversyβover the causes of heterosis, the increase in fitness observed when inbred lines are outcrossed. In 1950, James F. Crow offered two different explanations (later dubbed the classica... | History of molecular evolution | 0.829715 |
6,096 | These are three angles, also known as yaw, pitch and roll, Navigation angles and Cardan angles. Mathematically they constitute a set of six possibilities inside the twelve possible sets of Euler angles, the ordering being the one best used for describing the orientation of a vehicle such as an airplane. In aerospace en... | Orientation matrix | 0.829713 |
6,097 | All stars increase in luminosity as they age, and a given HZ thus migrates outwards, but if this happens too quickly (for example, with a super-massive star) planets may only have a brief window inside the HZ and a correspondingly smaller chance of developing life. Calculating an HZ range and its long-term movement is ... | Potentially habitable exoplanet | 0.829712 |
6,098 | The fundamental problem is how to predict the rigidity of a structure by theoretical analysis, without having to build it. Key results in this area include the following: In any dimension, the rigidity of rod-and-hinge linkages is described by a matroid. The bases of the two-dimensional rigidity matroid (the minimally ... | Rigid graph | 0.829711 |
6,099 | There can be up to 50 genome edits, from single nucleotide base pairs to whole genome or gene networks simultaneously with results in a matter of days.MAGE experiments can be divided into three classes, characterized by varying degrees of scale and complexity: (i) many target sites, single genetic mutations; (ii) singl... | Genome editing | 0.829711 |
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