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5,800 | Certain oracle problems like Simon's problem and the Bernstein–Vazirani problem do give provable speedups, though this is in the quantum query model, which is a restricted model where lower bounds are much easier to prove and doesn't necessarily translate to speedups for practical problems. Other problems, including th... | Quantum processor | 0.830145 |
5,801 | Undergraduate research for the field of physics is often hands-on and practical. Students tend to focus on the "why-nots" and the "what-ifs." | Undergraduate research | 0.830144 |
5,802 | In the 1970s, a method to stain specific regions of chromosomes, called chromosome banding, was developed that allowed more detailed analysis of chromosome structure and diagnosis of genetic disorders that involved large structural rearrangements. In addition to analyzing whole chromosomes (cytogenetics), genetic testi... | Genetic testing | 0.830143 |
5,803 | The present understanding of subsurface biology was made possible by numerous advances in technology for sample collection, field analysis, molecular science, cultivation, imaging and computation. | Subsurface bacteria | 0.830143 |
5,804 | When the objects being examined have about the size of an atom diameter, it becomes necessary to introduce the other major sub-field of mechanics: quantum mechanics. To describe velocities that are not small compared to the speed of light, special relativity is needed. In cases where objects become extremely massive, g... | Newtonian theory | 0.830141 |
5,805 | Bipolar electrochemistry is a phenomenon in electrochemistry based on the polarization of conducting objects in electric fields. Indeed, this polarization generates a potential difference between the two extremities of the substrate that is equal to the electric field value multiplied by the size of the object. If this... | Bipolar electrochemistry | 0.830137 |
5,806 | Depending on the design and architecture of the processor, simultaneous multithreading can decrease performance if any of the shared resources are bottlenecks for performance. Critics argue that it is a considerable burden to put on software developers that they have to test whether simultaneous multithreading is good ... | Simultaneous multithreading | 0.830136 |
5,807 | For example, the number 88,888,888 would be written as M,ηωπη*ηωπηGreek mathematical reasoning was almost entirely geometric (albeit often used to reason about non-geometric subjects such as number theory), and hence the Greeks had no interest in algebraic symbols. The great exception was Diophantus of Alexandria, the ... | History of mathematical notation | 0.830136 |
5,808 | However, experts debate how much "understanding" such systems demonstrate: e.g., according to John Searle, Watson did not even understand the questions.John Ball, cognitive scientist and inventor of Patom Theory, supports this assessment. Natural language processing has made inroads for applications to support human pr... | Machine reading | 0.830135 |
5,809 | His discoveries, deduction of segregation ratios, and subsequent laws have not only been used in research to gain a better understanding of plant genetics, but also play a large role in plant breeding. Mendel's works along with the works of Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace on selection provided the basis for much of g... | Plant genetics | 0.830132 |
5,810 | In multicellular systems the function of each individual cell is impacted by their spatial location and surroundings. Thus, implementation of DBiT-seq to profile both mRNA and protein levels across a tissue in a spatial context could lead to a better understanding of many biological processes. DBiT-seq can be utilized ... | Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue for Spatial Omics Sequencing | 0.830129 |
5,811 | Mathematics is divided into fields of Algebra, Geometry, Linear Algebra, Analytical Geometry, Mathematical Analysis, Probability, Statistics, Numerical Analysis, and Selected Chapters in Mathematics. | Mathematical Grammar School | 0.830128 |
5,812 | Qalculate! supports common mathematical functions and operations, multiple bases, autocompletion, complex numbers, infinite numbers, arrays and matrices, variables, mathematical and physical constants, user-defined functions, symbolic derivation and integration, solving of equations involving unknowns, uncertainty prop... | Qalculate! | 0.830128 |
5,813 | polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Any of a wide variety of molecular biology methods involving the rapid production of millions or billions of copies of a specific DNA sequence, allowing scientists to selectively amplify fragments of a very small sample to a quantity large enough to study in detail. In its simplest form,... | Glossary of genetics (M–Z) | 0.830127 |
5,814 | Identify, promote and establish opportunities for networking. Encourage and develop bioinformatics and computational biology nodes. Increase awareness and promote the use of bioinformatics and computational biology. Facilitate access to bioinformatics and computational biology infrastructure. Promote bioinformatics and... | African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology | 0.830125 |
5,815 | Outcomes can be expressed in terms of monetary value or utility to a specific person. Additionally, a game tree can be used to deduce the actions leading to an outcome by displaying possible sequences of actions and the outcomes associated. A commonly used theorem in relation to outcomes is the Nash equilibrium. | Outcome (game theory) | 0.830122 |
5,816 | In mathematics and physics, an equipotential or isopotential refers to a region in space where every point is at the same potential. This usually refers to a scalar potential (in that case it is a level set of the potential), although it can also be applied to vector potentials. An equipotential of a scalar potential f... | Equipotential | 0.830118 |
5,817 | Two students assumed to have identical degrees of verbal and mathematical intelligence may have different measured aptitudes in astronomy because individual aptitudes differ from average aptitudes (predicted above) and because of measurement error itself. Such differences make up what is collectively called the "error"... | Principal factor analysis | 0.830114 |
5,818 | Due to the flexibility, they could be incorporated onto different surfaces.She has an A.B. degree from Harvard University (1990) and a Ph.D. from Université Louis Pasteur (1995), Strasbourg, working on organometallic chemistry and catalysis. | Jillian Buriak | 0.830113 |
5,819 | First, it is known that any first-order interpretation in which equality is interpreted by an equivalence relation and satisfies the substitution axioms for equality can be cut down to an elementarily equivalent interpretation on a subset of the original domain. Thus there is little additional generality in studying no... | Boolean valuation | 0.830112 |
5,820 | In order to efficiently maintain the intersection points of the sweep line L with the input line segments and the sequence of future events, the Bentley–Ottmann algorithm maintains two data structures: A binary search tree (the "sweep line status tree"), containing the set of input line segments that cross L, ordered b... | Bentley–Ottmann algorithm | 0.830111 |
5,821 | In Papadimitriou 1994, Theorem 16.1, we have: N C 1 ⊆ L ⊆ N L ⊆ N C 2 {\displaystyle {\mathsf {NC_{1}\subseteq L\subseteq NL\subseteq NC_{2}}}} .More precisely, NL is contained in AC1. It is known that NL is equal to ZPL, the class of problems solvable by randomized algorithms in logarithmic space and unbounded time, w... | NL (complexity class) | 0.830109 |
5,822 | Dividing both force equations by the respective masses, subtracting the second equation from the first, and rearranging gives the equation where we have again used Newton's third law F12 = −F21 and where r is the displacement vector from mass 2 to mass 1, as defined above. The force between the two objects, which origi... | Two-body motion | 0.830108 |
5,823 | In trigonometry, the gradian – also known as the gon (from Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía) 'angle'), grad, or grade – is a unit of measurement of an angle, defined as one-hundredth of the right angle; in other words, 100 gradians is equal to 90 degrees. It is equivalent to 1/400 of a turn, 9/10 of a degree, or π/200 of a r... | Centigrade (angle) | 0.830104 |
5,824 | RNA-Seq is a technique that allows transcriptome studies (see also Transcriptomics technologies) based on next-generation sequencing technologies. This technique is largely dependent on bioinformatics tools developed to support the different steps of the process. Here are listed some of the principal tools commonly emp... | List of RNA-Seq bioinformatics tools | 0.830103 |
5,825 | Examples of middle end optimizations are removal of useless (dead-code elimination) or unreachable code (reachability analysis), discovery and propagation of constant values (constant propagation), relocation of computation to a less frequently executed place (e.g., out of a loop), or specialization of computation base... | Semantic analysis (computer science) | 0.830101 |
5,826 | Blob detection and extraction: inspecting an image for discrete blobs of connected pixels (e.g. a black hole in a grey object) as image landmarks. Neural net / deep learning / machine learning processing: weighted and self-training multi-variable decision making Circa 2019 there is a large expansion of this, using deep... | Machine Vision | 0.830099 |
5,827 | The LCI is home to the Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, which offers masters and Ph.D. studies in the physics and chemistry of liquid crystals and their applications. The program is open to incoming students with degrees in physics, chemistry, engineering, and materials science. | Liquid Crystal Institute | 0.830098 |
5,828 | This fast decision making would not be possible through transferring data from the vehicle to cloud instances and return the predictions back to the vehicle. Instead, all the operation should be performed locally in the vehicle. Integrating advanced machine learning algorithms including deep learning into IoT devices i... | An internet of things | 0.830097 |
5,829 | The breeding of a hybrid organism with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to one of its parents, often intentionally as a type of selective breeding, with the aim of producing offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. The reproductive event and the resulting progeny a... | Glossary of genetics (0–L) | 0.830097 |
5,830 | SPWM (sine–triangle pulse-width modulation) signals are used in micro-inverter design (used in solar and wind power applications). These switching signals are fed to the FETs that are used in the device. The device's efficiency depends on the harmonic content of the PWM signal. There is much research on eliminating unw... | Pulse-width modulation | 0.830096 |
5,831 | Such outcomes are directly analogous to the observation of the tipping of a beam balance in one direction or another. This observation would indicate that one or other object has a greater mass, but counts of such observations cannot be treated directly as measurements. Rasch pointed out that the principle of invariant... | Rasch model | 0.830096 |
5,832 | Leakage can occur in many steps in the machine learning process. The leakage causes can be sub-classified into two possible sources of leakage for a model: features and training examples. | Leakage (machine learning) | 0.830095 |
5,833 | Genomics is the field of genetics concerned with structural and functional studies of the genome. A genome is all the DNA contained within an organism or a cell including nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The human genome is the total collection of genes in a human being contained in the human chromosome, composed of over... | Human geneticist | 0.830094 |
5,834 | By Monsky's theorem it is necessary to have triangles with different areas to dissect a square into an odd number of triangles. Lower bounds for the area differences that must occur to dissect a square into an odd numbers of triangles and the optimal dissections have been studied. | Monsky's theorem | 0.830094 |
5,835 | For much of the 20th century, prokaryotes were regarded as a single group of organisms and classified based on their biochemistry, morphology and metabolism. Microbiologists tried to classify microorganisms based on the structures of their cell walls, their shapes, and the substances they consume. In 1965, Emile Zucker... | Archaea | 0.830094 |
5,836 | He always pushed for the highest degree of competence in all his students; the computer was never to be used as a way of avoiding important issues: "they must learn the common standard techniques and know something of such questions as rounding errors, stability, and rate of convergence. To achieve even such slight und... | Roger Sargent (chemical engineer) | 0.830093 |
5,837 | The Sylow theorems have been proved in a number of ways, and the history of the proofs themselves is the subject of many papers, including Waterhouse, Scharlau, Casadio and Zappa, Gow, and to some extent Meo.One proof of the Sylow theorems exploits the notion of group action in various creative ways. The group G acts o... | Sylow's theorems | 0.830091 |
5,838 | "Soft" weights can change during each runtime, in contrast to "hard" weights, which are (pre-)trained and fine-tuned and remain frozen afterwards. Multiple attention heads are used in transformer-based large language models. attributional calculus A logic and representation system defined by Ryszard S. Michalski. | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.830091 |
5,839 | In order to study gas phase interstellar chemistry, it is convenient to distinguish two types of interstellar clouds: diffuse clouds, with T = 30–100 K and n = 10–1000 cm−3, and dense clouds, with T = 10–30 K and density n = 104–103 cm−3. | Hydroxyl radical | 0.83009 |
5,840 | The user-submitted protein sequence is first scanned against a large sequence database using PSI-BLAST. The profile generated by PSI-BLAST is then processed by the neural network secondary structure prediction program PsiPred and the protein disorder predictor Disopred. The predicted presence of alpha-helices, beta-str... | Phyre | 0.830089 |
5,841 | Model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana are used for studying the molecular biology of plant cells and the chloroplast. Ideally, these organisms have small genomes that are well known or completely sequenced, small stature and short generation times. Corn has been used to study mechanisms of photosynthesis and phloem... | Plant biology | 0.830088 |
5,842 | While, in general, protists are typical eukaryotic cells and follow the same principles of physiology and biochemistry described for those cells within the "higher" eukaryotes (animals, fungi or plants), they have evolved a variety of unique physiological adaptations that do not appear in those eukaryotes. Osmoregulati... | Protist | 0.830085 |
5,843 | This book contained many practical problems of surveying using geometry. This work provided detailed instructions on how to measure distances and heights with tall surveyor's poles and horizontal bars fixed at right angles to them. The units of measurement were 1 li = 180 zhang = 1800 chi, 1 zhang = 10 chi = 100 cun, 1... | Haidao Suanjing | 0.830084 |
5,844 | The first problem becomes the submodule membership problem. The second one is also called the syzygy problem. A ring such that there are algorithms for the arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication) and for the above problems may be called a computable ring, or effective ring. One may also say that l... | Linear equation over a ring | 0.830081 |
5,845 | He emphasized that students should not be taught bald facts, but should understand and explain what they are learning. His most famous example of this was when he asked physics students to tell him what the speed of a falling object was. Nearly all students would produce an equation, but no students could explain what ... | Inquiry learning | 0.830079 |
5,846 | Animated diagrams illustrating oxidative phosphorylation Wiley and Co Concepts in Biochemistry On-line biophysics lectures Antony Crofts, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign ATP Synthase Graham Johnson | ATP generation | 0.830078 |
5,847 | It is NP-complete to test whether a given graph is 1-planar, and it remains NP-complete even for the graphs formed from planar graphs by adding a single edge and for graphs of bounded bandwidth. The problem is fixed-parameter tractable when parameterized by cyclomatic number or by tree-depth, so it may be solved in pol... | 1-planar graph | 0.830076 |
5,848 | Buhrman, Harry; de Wolf, Ronald (2002), "Complexity Measures and Decision Tree Complexity: A Survey" (PDF), Theoretical Computer Science, 288 (1): 21–43, doi:10.1016/S0304-3975(01)00144-X | Query complexity | 0.830067 |
5,849 | Then P(x) is reducible if and only if at least one of the following conditions holds: The polynomial P(x) has a rational root (this can be determined using the rational root theorem). The resolvent cubic R3(y) has a root of the form α2, for some non-null rational number α (again, this can be determined using the ration... | Resolvent cubic | 0.830065 |
5,850 | In abstract algebra, the fundamental theorem on homomorphisms, also known as the fundamental homomorphism theorem, or the first isomorphism theorem, relates the structure of two objects between which a homomorphism is given, and of the kernel and image of the homomorphism. The homomorphism theorem is used to prove the ... | Fundamental theorem on homomorphisms | 0.830065 |
5,851 | This can describe the electric potential due to a line charge or the gravity potential due to a long cylindrical mass.Examples of harmonic functions of three variables are given in the table below with r 2 = x 2 + y 2 + z 2: {\displaystyle r^{2}=x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}:} Harmonic functions that arise in physics are determine... | Harmonic mapping | 0.830064 |
5,852 | The geometry of the workpiece is limited only by the size of the paint booth or tank. Using electrostatic coating, it is possible to apply paint in various thicknesses being limited only by the paint's tendency to run and therefore ruin the coating if applied in too thick a manner. It is usually preferred to apply many... | Electrostatic coating | 0.830062 |
5,853 | Maths A covers more practical topics than Maths B and C, but it is still OP eligible. There are considerably fewer algebraic concepts in this subject, and it is suitable for students who either struggled with mathematics in Year 10, or who do not require a knowledge of abstract mathematics in the future. Maths A is des... | Mathematics education in Australia | 0.830059 |
5,854 | In engineering, difference equations are used to plot a course of a spacecraft within zero gravity environments, to model heat transfer, diffusion, and wave propagation. The discrete analogue of Green's theorem is applied in an instrument known as a planimeter, which is used to calculate the area of a flat surface on a... | Discrete calculus | 0.830055 |
5,855 | There are several ways to approach the topic of premelting, the most figurative way might be thermodynamically. A more detailed or abstract view on what physics is important for premelting is given by the Lifshitz and the Landau theories. One always starts with looking at a crystalline solid phase (fig. 1: (1) solid) a... | Surface melting | 0.830055 |
5,856 | The physics of the xerographic process are discussed at length in a book. Step 1. ChargingAn electrostatic charge of −600 volts is uniformly distributed over the surface of the drum by a corona discharge from a corona unit (Corotron), with output limited by a control grid or screen. | Xerography | 0.830055 |
5,857 | Any solution to the improper Znám problem is equivalent (via division by the product of the values x i {\displaystyle x_{i}} ) to a solution to the equation where y {\displaystyle y} as well as each x i {\displaystyle x_{i}} must be an integer, and conversely any such solution corresponds to a solution to the improper ... | Znám's problem | 0.830051 |
5,858 | M 102.4 is a nonpatented monoclonal antibody developed by Christopher C. Broder, a professor of immunology and microbiology at Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Maryland. It proved highly effective in animal models. 50 doses were sent to Kerala in 2018, but it is not clear if they were used in hum... | Nipah virus infection | 0.830047 |
5,859 | In 2012, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, Vinod Khosla, predicted that 80% of medical doctors jobs would be lost in the next two decades to automated machine learning medical diagnostic software. In 2014, it was reported that a machine learning algorithm had been applied in the field of art history to study fine art pai... | Statistical learning | 0.830047 |
5,860 | On the other hand, it has several simple 2-factor approximations. It is a typical example of an NP-hard optimization problem that has an approximation algorithm. Its decision version, the vertex cover problem, was one of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems and is therefore a classical NP-complete problem in computational co... | Vertex cover | 0.830047 |
5,861 | The current state of the art is six independent mechanical arms that simultaneous record the radial distance from the center of the tool. Abrupt changes in borehole diameter, such as a washout at the bottom of casing, or thin fractures may not be accurately measured due to the geometry or range of the measurement arms.... | Caliper log | 0.830047 |
5,862 | Book 7 includes the Euclidean algorithm, a method for finding the greatest common divisor of two numbers. The 8th book discusses geometric progressions, while book 9 includes a proof that there are an infinite amount of prime numbers.Of the Elements, book 10 is by far the largest and most complex, dealing with irration... | Euclid | 0.830044 |
5,863 | Near-infrared spectroscopy is used in astronomy for studying the atmospheres of cool stars where molecules can form. The vibrational and rotational signatures of molecules such as titanium oxide, cyanide, and carbon monoxide can be seen in this wavelength range and can give a clue towards the star's spectral type. It i... | Near infrared spectroscopy | 0.830043 |
5,864 | During these same decades, Arthur Eddington and others were able to link the liberation of nuclear binding energy through such nuclear reactions to the structural equations of stars.These developments were not without curious deviations. Many notable physicists of the 19th century such as Mayer, Waterson, von Helmholtz... | Nuclear astrophysics | 0.830042 |
5,865 | Angular momentum can be described as the rotational analog of linear momentum. Like linear momentum it involves elements of mass and displacement. Unlike linear momentum it also involves elements of position and shape. Many problems in physics involve matter in motion about some certain point in space, be it in actual ... | Orbital momentum vector | 0.830041 |
5,866 | Theorem. M M 3 ( m e n d o , m e x o ) = R E {\displaystyle MM_{3}(mendo,mexo)=RE} . In systems of simple mobile membranes with local evolution rules and mobility rules it is known that systems of degree three have the same power as a Turing machine, while in systems of enhanced mobile membranes using only mobility rul... | Mobile membranes | 0.830041 |
5,867 | Franco P. Preparata and Michael I. Shamos (1985). Computational Geometry (Springer-Verlag, Berlin). Klee's Measure Problem, from Professor Jeff Erickson's list of open problems in computational geometry. (Accessed November 8, 2005, when the last update was July 31, 1998.) == References == | Klee's measure problem | 0.83004 |
5,868 | The Cartesian coordinates of a point are usually written in parentheses and separated by commas, as in (10, 5) or (3, 5, 7). The origin is often labelled with the capital letter O. In analytic geometry, unknown or generic coordinates are often denoted by the letters (x, y) in the plane, and (x, y, z) in three-dimension... | Rectangular coordinates | 0.830039 |
5,869 | Additive combinatorics The part of arithmetic combinatorics devoted to the operations of addition and subtraction. Additive number theory A part of number theory that studies subsets of integers and their behaviour under addition. Affine geometry A branch of geometry that deals with properties that are independent from... | Glossary of areas of mathematics | 0.830039 |
5,870 | These two methods had several drawbacks: (1) required substantial input material, (2) low resolution which made pinpointing the actual site with the m6A mark difficult, and (3) cannot directly assess false positives.Especially in MeRIP-Seq, the bioinformatics tools that are currently available are only able to call 1 s... | Epitranscriptomic sequencing | 0.830038 |
5,871 | Theorem. I K ≅ I K 1 × M: { M ⊂ I K discrete and M ≅ Z char ( K ) > 0 M ⊂ I K closed and M ≅ R + char ( K ) = 0 C K ≅ I K 1 / K × × N: { N = Z char ( K ) > 0 N = R + char ( K ) = 0 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}I_{K}&\cong I_{K}^{1}\times M:\quad {\begin{cases}M\subset I_{K}{\text{ discrete and }}M\cong \mathb... | Valuation vector | 0.830033 |
5,872 | The Ordered Outcomes Algorithm works in arbitrary domains (not necessarily convex). It was developed by Ogryczak and Śliwiński and also presented in the context of telecommunication networks by Ogryczak, Pioro and Tomaszewski, and in the context of location problems by Ogryczak. The algorithm reduces lexmaxmin optimiza... | Lexicographic max-min optimization | 0.830033 |
5,873 | The function T ( a , b , c ) = a b + c {\displaystyle T(a,b,c)=ab+c} is an example of a ternary operation on the integers (or on any structure where + {\displaystyle +} and × {\displaystyle \times } are both defined). Properties of this ternary operation have been used to define planar ternary rings in the foundations ... | Ternary operator | 0.830029 |
5,874 | Different approaches have been achieved, including empirical knowledge, employment of numerical models, and Artificial Intelligence techniques. Lambiase et al. validated a finite element model (FE) for predicting the final shape of a rolled bar in round-flat pass. One of the major concerns when designing rolling mills ... | Rolled steel | 0.830028 |
5,875 | Later however, according to Richard Amasino, Lysenko inaccurately asserted that the vernalized state could be inherited, i.e. the offspring of a vernalized plant would behave as if they themselves had also been vernalized and would not require vernalization in order to flower quickly. Opposing this view and supporting ... | Vernalization | 0.830028 |
5,876 | This includes stochastic, evolutionary algorithms like the Monte Carlo method, genetic algorithms, and ant colony optimization. While no method has been able to calculate the experimentally determined minimum energetic state for long protein sequences, the most advanced methods today are able to come close. For some mo... | Hydrophobic-polar protein folding model | 0.830026 |
5,877 | One of the few interesting properties that can be stated in the language of pure identity theory is that of being infinite. This is given by an infinite set of axioms stating there are at least 2 elements, there are at least 3 elements, and so on: ∃x1 ∃x2 ¬x1 = x2, ∃x1 ∃x2 ∃x3 ¬x1 = x2 ∧ ¬x1 = x3 ∧ ¬x2 = x3,...These ax... | First-order arithmetic | 0.830025 |
5,878 | These contributions may include: spin–orbit interaction, scalar relativistic, zero-point vibrational energy, and deviations from the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. The three-dimensional Pople diagram (also known as the Csaszar cube.) describes the energy contributions involved in quantum chemistry composite methods. | Pople diagram | 0.830025 |
5,879 | There do not exist two integer-sided right triangles in which the two legs of one triangle are the leg and hypotenuse of the other triangle.More abstractly, as a result about Diophantine equations (integer or rational-number solutions to polynomial equations), it is equivalent to the statements that: If three square nu... | Fermat's right triangle theorem | 0.830021 |
5,880 | In many situations where the congruence subgroup problem is expected to have a positive solution it has been proven that this is indeed the case. Here is a list of algebraic groups such that the congruence subgroup property is known to hold for the associated arithmetic lattices, in case the rank of the associated Lie ... | Congruence subgroup | 0.83002 |
5,881 | Besides counting items, addition can also be defined and executed without referring to concrete objects, using abstractions called numbers instead, such as integers, real numbers and complex numbers. Addition belongs to arithmetic, a branch of mathematics. In algebra, another area of mathematics, addition can also be p... | Addition of natural numbers | 0.83002 |
5,882 | In this instance, the state of the organism's environment will provide selection, with a net effect either favoring or working in opposition to the gene, until an environmentally determined equilibrium is reached. Heterozygote advantage is a major underlying mechanism for heterosis, or "hybrid vigor", which is the impr... | Heterozygote advantage | 0.830018 |
5,883 | In algebra, n-ary associativity is a generalization of the associative law to n-ary operations. An ternary operation is ternary associative if one has always ( a b c ) d e = a ( b c d ) e = a b ( c d e ) ; {\displaystyle (abc)de=a(bcd)e=ab(cde);} that is, the operation gives the same result when any three adjacent elem... | N-ary associativity | 0.830018 |
5,884 | In December 2016, a letter published in Nature Astronomy by Dr. David Armstrong and his colleagues described evidence of strong wind jets of variable speed on HAT-P-7b. High variation in wind speed would explain similar variations in light reflected from HAT-P-7b's atmosphere. In particular, the brightest point on the ... | HAT-P-7b | 0.830018 |
5,885 | For example, whereas Some non-associative operations are fundamental in mathematics. They appear often as the multiplication in structures called non-associative algebras, which have also an addition and a scalar multiplication. Examples are the octonions and Lie algebras. In Lie algebras, the multiplication satisfies ... | Associative law | 0.830015 |
5,886 | Parametric: Linear discriminant analysis Quadratic discriminant analysis Maximum entropy classifier (aka logistic regression, multinomial logistic regression): Note that logistic regression is an algorithm for classification, despite its name. (The name comes from the fact that logistic regression uses an extension of ... | Pattern detection | 0.830015 |
5,887 | The conjecture of Thompson that F is not amenable was further popularized by R. Geoghegan—see also the Cannon–Floyd–Parry article cited in the references below. Its current status is open: E. Shavgulidze published a paper in 2009 in which he claimed to prove that F is amenable, but an error was found, as is explained i... | Thompson groups | 0.830014 |
5,888 | For example, in the traveling salesman problem, the optimization problem is to produce a tour with minimal weight. The associated decision problem is: for each N, to decide whether the graph has any tour with weight less than N. By repeatedly answering the decision problem, it is possible to find the minimal weight of ... | Decidable problem | 0.830013 |
5,889 | A simple example of an algebraic function is given by the left side of the unit circle equation: x 2 + y 2 − 1 = 0 . {\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}-1=0\,.} Solving for y gives an explicit solution: y = ± 1 − x 2 . | Implicit equation | 0.830013 |
5,890 | IV. Physics and Physical Technology Vol. V. Chemistry and Chemical Technology Vol. | Joseph Needham | 0.830011 |
5,891 | A vector dataset (sometimes called a feature dataset) stores information about discrete objects, using an encoding of the vector logical data model to represent the location or geometry of each object, and an encoding of its other properties that is usually based on relational database technology. Typically, a single d... | GIS vector file format | 0.830011 |
5,892 | Response variables are those that change or respond to some phenomenon under study. The term is often used interchangeably with dependent variable. restricted randomization robust statistics round-off error | Glossary of probability and statistics | 0.83001 |
5,893 | Applicants have the option of achieving credit points by building energy models. One model represents the building as designed, and a second model represents a baseline building in the same location, with the same geometry and occupancy. Depending on location (climate) and building size, the standard provides requireme... | LEED certification | 0.83001 |
5,894 | A common example in physics is the fact that multiplying speed by time gives distance. For example: 50 kilometers per hour × 3 hours = 150 kilometers.In this case, the hour units cancel out, leaving the product with only kilometer units. Other examples of multiplication involving units include: 2.5 meters × 4.5 meters ... | Capital-pi notation | 0.83001 |
5,895 | Incorrect optimizations are highly undesirable. So, in the context of program optimization, there are two main strategies to handle computationally undecidable analysis: An optimizer that is expected to complete in a relatively short amount of time, such as the optimizer in an optimizing compiler, may use a truncated v... | Program analyzer | 0.83001 |
5,896 | Ionic potential is the ratio of the electrical charge (z) to the radius (r) of an ion. As such, this ratio is a measure of the charge density at the surface of the ion; usually the denser the charge, the stronger the bond formed by the ion with ions of opposite charge.The ionic potential gives an indication of how stro... | Ionic potential | 0.830009 |
5,897 | Inheritance in plants follows the same fundamental principles of genetics as in other multicellular organisms. Gregor Mendel discovered the genetic laws of inheritance by studying inherited traits such as shape in Pisum sativum (peas). What Mendel learned from studying plants has had far-reaching benefits outside of bo... | Botany | 0.830009 |
5,898 | Much of computer science and artificial intelligence involves designing automated systems to solve a specified type of problem: to accept input data and calculate a correct or adequate response, reasonably quickly. Algorithms are recipes or instructions that direct such systems, written into computer programs. Steps fo... | Problem solving | 0.830007 |
5,899 | NB: Both dℓ and dA have a sign ambiguity; to get the correct sign, the right-hand rule is used, as explained in the article Kelvin–Stokes theorem. The above result can be compared with the version of Faraday's law of induction that appears in the modern Maxwell's equations, called here the Maxwell–Faraday equation: The... | Lorentz forces | 0.830007 |
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