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79,600 | To better understand the function of campaniform sensilla, computational models that mimic their response properties are being developed for use in simulations and robotics. On robotic legs, the models can filter input from engineered strain sensors "campaniform-sensilla-style" in real time. One advantage of this bio-i... | Campaniform sensilla | 0.800041 |
79,601 | Tucatinib, sold under the brand name Tukysa, is an anticancer medication used for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. It is a small molecule inhibitor of HER2. It was developed by Array BioPharma and licensed to Cascadian Therapeutics (formerly Oncothyreon, subsequently part of Seattle Genetics).Common side e... | Tucatinib | 0.800041 |
79,602 | Take the tetrahedron X {\displaystyle X} , and consider the point P i {\displaystyle P_{i}} as an apex. The Alternating sines theorem is given by the following identity:One may view the two sides of this identity as corresponding to clockwise and counterclockwise orientations of the surface. | Trigonometry of a tetrahedron | 0.800041 |
79,603 | Every nilpotent Lie algebra is solvable. This is useful in proving the solvability of a Lie algebra since, in practice, it is usually easier to prove nilpotency (when it holds!) rather than solvability. However, in general, the converse of this property is false. For example, the subalgebra of g l ( k , R ) {\displayst... | Nilpotent Lie algebra | 0.800041 |
79,604 | Stone and Wally met Stone's oldest daughter, Celia, when they were both 8. They later married at age 21.He was educated at the Sidwell Friends School, and attended Harvard University for undergraduate and graduate studies, earning a baccalaureate in chemistry and physics in 1953 and a master's degree in physics in 1954... | Walter Gilbert | 0.800041 |
79,605 | Traditionally, the necessary sampling rate is thus 2B. Using compressed sensing techniques, the signal could be perfectly reconstructed if it is sampled at a rate slightly lower than 2EB. With this approach, reconstruction is no longer given by a formula, but instead by the solution to a linear optimization program. | Nyquist sampling theorem | 0.800041 |
79,606 | Edmund R. Malinowski was born in October 1932 in Mahanoy City, PA. He obtained a Bachelor of Science in chemistry from The Pennsylvania State University in 1954. He obtained both a MS degree (1956) and PhD (1961) in physical chemistry at Stevens Institute of Technology, and was a Robert Crooks Stanley Graduate Fellow a... | Edmund R. Malinowski | 0.80004 |
79,607 | For n = 1, 2 we have e(n) = 2n, as the circle and the Klein bottle show. More generally, for n = 2k we have e(n) = 2n, as the 2k-dimensional real projective space show. Whitney's result can be improved to e(n) ≤ 2n − 1 unless n is a power of 2. This is a result of André Haefliger and Morris Hirsch (for n > 4) and C. T.... | Whitney trick | 0.80004 |
79,608 | The National Science Foundation has awarded a half-million-dollar grant to the universities of Central Florida at Orlando and Illinois at Chicago to explore how researchers might use artificial intelligence, archiving, and computer imaging to create convincing, digital versions of real people, a possible first step tow... | Digital immortality | 0.80004 |
79,609 | Implicate order and explicate order are ontological concepts for quantum theory coined by theoretical physicist David Bohm during the early 1980s. They are used to describe two different frameworks for understanding the same phenomenon or aspect of reality. In particular, the concepts were developed in order to explain... | Implicate and explicate order | 0.80004 |
79,610 | It involves the study of algorithms that process, store, and communicate digital information. A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems. computer scientist A person who has acquired the knowledge of computer science, the study of the theoretical foundations of... | Glossary of computer science | 0.80004 |
79,611 | Fortran (; formerly FORTRAN) is a general-purpose, compiled imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. Fortran was originally developed by IBM in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, and subsequently came to dominate scientific computing.... | FORTRAN IV | 0.800039 |
79,612 | Kellis was born in Greece, moved with his family to France when he was 12, and came to the U.S. in 1993. He obtained his PhD from MIT, where he worked with Eric Lander, founding director of the Broad Institute, and Bonnie Berger, professor at MIT and received the Sprowls award for the best doctorate thesis in Computer ... | Manolis Kellis | 0.800039 |
79,613 | On 30 September 1860, at age 15, he passed the entrance exam for mechanical engineering for the Karlsruhe polytechnical school, which he subsequently attended. Benz graduated 9 July 1864 aged 19. | Carl Benz | 0.800039 |
79,614 | The problem of universals is an ancient question from metaphysics that has inspired a range of philosophical topics and disputes: "Should the properties an object has in common with other objects, such as color and shape, be considered to exist beyond those objects? And if a property exists separately from objects, wha... | Aristotelian realism | 0.800039 |
79,615 | These can be implemented as analog circuits (for instance, using a Sallen Key filter topology, a type of active filter), or as algorithms in digital signal processing systems. Digital filters are much more flexible to synthesize and use than analog filters, where the constraints of the design permits their use. Notably... | Linear filters | 0.800039 |
79,616 | She is cited in a more recent open-access survey laying out researchers' various views, especially on the ethical dimensions of engaging patients as partners within research teams.In Norway, Nilsen et al. were critical of patients' role in health policy and clinical guideline development in their Cochrane Intervention ... | Patient participation | 0.800039 |
79,617 | In Euclidean geometry, a harmonic quadrilateral, or harmonic quadrangle, is a quadrilateral that can be inscribed in a circle (cyclic quadrangle) in which the products of the lengths of opposite sides are equal. It has several important properties. | Harmonic quadrilateral | 0.800038 |
79,618 | Phase transitions and critical exponents also appear in percolation processes where the concentration of "occupied" sites or links of a lattice are the control parameter of the phase transition (compared to temperature in classical phase transitions in physics). One of the simplest examples is Bernoulli percolation in ... | Critical exponent | 0.800038 |
79,619 | The form of the population distribution of g is unknown, because g cannot be measured on a ratio scale. (The distributions of scores on typical IQ tests are roughly normal, but this is achieved by construction, i.e., by normalizing the raw scores.) It has been argued that there are nevertheless good reasons for supposi... | General intelligence factor | 0.800037 |
79,620 | In group theory, restriction forms a representation of a subgroup using a known representation of the whole group. Restriction is a fundamental construction in representation theory of groups. Often the restricted representation is simpler to understand. Rules for decomposing the restriction of an irreducible represent... | Restricted representation | 0.800037 |
79,621 | In chemistry, the oxidation state, or oxidation number, is the hypothetical charge of an atom if all of its bonds to other atoms were fully ionic. It describes the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Conceptually, the oxidation state may be positive, negative or zero. While fully ... | Oxidation states | 0.800037 |
79,622 | Here, that distinction is unnecessary. Since the power set of a finite set is finite there can be only finitely many open sets (and only finitely many closed sets). A topology on a finite set can also be thought of as a sublattice of ( P ( X ) , ⊂ ) {\displaystyle (P(X),\subset )} which includes both the bottom element... | Finite topological space | 0.800037 |
79,623 | In algebraic geometry, a branch of mathematics, an adequate equivalence relation is an equivalence relation on algebraic cycles of smooth projective varieties used to obtain a well-working theory of such cycles, and in particular, well-defined intersection products. Pierre Samuel formalized the concept of an adequate e... | Adequate equivalence relation | 0.800037 |
79,624 | This family of graphs is then called the Burling graphs. The same class of graphs is used for the construction of a family of triangle-free line segments in the plane, given by Pawlik et al. (2014). It shows that the chromatic number of its intersection graph is arbitrarily large as well. Hence, this implies that axis ... | Graph color | 0.800037 |
79,625 | As the son of a magistrate, he had to follow his frequently transferred father. Problems at school were the result, and it wasn't until he was 23 that he graduated from high school. He studied mathematics and physics in Heidelberg and Berlin with Hermann Helmholtz. In 1887, he completed his dissertation on 'Determining... | Ferdinand Kurlbaum | 0.800037 |
79,626 | (2010), Geometric Algebra Computing in Engineering and Computer Science, Springer, ISBN 9781849961080 Extract online at http://geocalc.clas.asu.edu/html/UAFCG.html #5 New Tools for Computational Geometry and rejuvenation of Screw Theory Goldman, Ron (2010), Rethinking Quaternions: Theory and Computation, Morgan & Clayp... | Geometric algebra | 0.800037 |
79,627 | Researchers focus efforts on both immediate and long-term industrial needs, including advanced robotic systems for materials handling, machine-vision developments for grading and control, improved wastewater treatment technologies, and biosensors for rapid microbial detection. With guidance from the Georgia Poultry Fed... | GTRI Agricultural Technology Research Program | 0.800036 |
79,628 | If the particle has spin, it has a corresponding magnetic moment, so an extra term needs to be added incorporating the spin interaction with the electromagnetic field. According to Landau-Lifschitz's Course of Theoretical Physics the electric current density is in Gaussian units: And in SI units: Hence the probability ... | Probability current | 0.800036 |
79,629 | The role of difference rings in difference algebra is similar to the role of commutative rings in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry. A morphism of difference rings is a morphism of rings that commutes with σ {\displaystyle \sigma } . A difference algebra over a difference field K {\displaystyle K} is a differe... | Difference algebra | 0.800036 |
79,630 | In the early 1990s, Ax retired from his financial career and went to San Diego, California, where he studied further on the foundations of quantum mechanics and also attended, at the University of California, San Diego, courses on playwriting and screenwriting. (In 2005 he completed a thriller screenplay entitled Bots.... | James Ax | 0.800036 |
79,631 | As the Clarence B. Robinson Professor at George Mason University, Robert Hazen developed innovative courses to promote scientific literacy in both scientists and non-scientists. In a collaboration with physicist James Trefil, he wrote three undergraduate textbooks: The Sciences: An Integrated Approach (1993), The Physi... | The Joy of Science | 0.800035 |
79,632 | Another thing that complicates the synthesis is obtaining optically pure R (-) enantiomer of the compound. The stereochemistry is very important for activity because only the R (-) enantiomer is able to form the hydrogen bonds necessary to fit in the binding site and activate the β2-receptor.Salbutamol is usually inhal... | Discovery and development of beta2 agonists | 0.800035 |
79,633 | After graduating from Robert College at first place in 1967, Nihat Berker received B.S. degrees in physics and chemistry from MIT in 1971. He received his M.S. and PhD degrees in physics from University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1972 and 1977, respectively. | Nihat Berker | 0.800035 |
79,634 | One reason for the utility of O ( 1 ) {\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}(1)} is that it recovers the algebraic information of S {\displaystyle S} that was lost when, in the construction of O X {\displaystyle O_{X}} , we passed to fractions of degree zero. In the case Spec A for a ring A, the global sections of the structure... | Serre twisting sheaf | 0.800035 |
79,635 | In such system, these transactional data managers typically comprise the participants in the system's atomic commitment protocol. If each participant complies with CO (e.g., by using SS2PL, or COCOs, or a combination; see above), then the entire distributed system provides CO (by the theorems above; each participant ca... | Commitment ordering | 0.800035 |
79,636 | This fibers over E2, and so is sometimes known as "Twisted E2 × R". It is the geometry of the Heisenberg group. The point stabilizer is O(2, R). The group G has 2 components, and is a semidirect product of the 3-dimensional Heisenberg group by the group O(2, R) of isometries of a circle. | Thurston Geometrization Conjecture | 0.800035 |
79,637 | Archimedes' Proposition 24 applies the finite (but indeterminate) sum in Proposition 23 to the area inside a parabola by a double reductio ad absurdum. He does not quite take the limit of the above partial sums, but in modern calculus this step is easy enough: lim n → ∞ 1 − ( 1 4 ) n + 1 1 − 1 4 = 1 1 − 1 4 = 4 3 . {\d... | 1/4 + 1/16 + 1/64 + 1/256 + ⋯ | 0.800035 |
79,638 | However, overall, the gender gap in math and science for boys and girls from similar socio-economic backgrounds was not significant.A 2008 meta-analysis published in Science using data from over 7 million students found no statistically significant differences between the mathematical capabilities of males and females.... | Sex differences in intelligence | 0.800035 |
79,639 | Due to the rapid progress in technology and growth of CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) over the last decade, the usage of CNN in crowd counting has skyrocketed. The CNN based methods can largely be grouped under the following different models: | Crowd counting | 0.800034 |
79,640 | Cognitive Systems Research 19, (2014). Moore L.R. Cognitive model exploration and optimization: a new challenge for computational science. | MindModeling@Home | 0.800034 |
79,641 | Ambient temperature affects the cold tire pressure. Cold tire absolute pressure (gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure) varies directly with the absolute temperature, measured in kelvin. From physics, the ideal gas law states that PV = nRT, where P is absolute pressure, T is absolute temperature, V is the volume (as... | Cold inflation pressure | 0.800034 |
79,642 | An arithmetic of four spatial dimensions, called quaternions, was defined by William Rowan Hamilton in 1843. This associative algebra was the source of the science of vector analysis in three dimensions as recounted by Michael J. Crowe in A History of Vector Analysis. Soon after, tessarines and coquaternions were intro... | Four dimensional space | 0.800034 |
79,643 | For the vacuum to decay, it must be possible to build a bubble of total energy zero. In the absence of gravitation, this is no problem, no matter how small the energy-density difference; all one has to do is make the bubble big enough, and the volume/surface ratio will do the job. In the presence of gravitation, though... | Higgs vacuum | 0.800034 |
79,644 | This theorem may be viewed as a generalization of Bézout's identity, which provides a condition under which an integer or a univariate polynomial h may be expressed as an element of the ideal generated by two other integers or univariate polynomials f and g: such a representation exists exactly when h is a multiple of ... | AF+BG theorem | 0.800033 |
79,645 | Roughly speaking, for a number to be highly composite it has to have prime factors as small as possible, but not too many of the same. By the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, every positive integer n has a unique prime factorization: n = p 1 c 1 × p 2 c 2 × ⋯ × p k c k ( 1 ) {\displaystyle n=p_{1}^{c_{1}}\times p_{2}... | Highly composite number | 0.800033 |
79,646 | Further, the independent increment property renders a Poisson process memoryless. Poisson processes are common in traffic applications scenarios that consist of a large number of independent traffic streams. The reason behind the usage stems from Palm's Theorem which states that under suitable conditions, such large nu... | History of network traffic models | 0.800033 |
79,647 | The UNC5 receptors have repellant migratory responses to netrin binding, and have similar effects to the slit-Robo system. The intracellular signaling responses to netrin-1 are not yet well understood, even in neurobiology studies. Several phosphorylation events have been established, as have the involvement of several... | Netrin receptor DCC | 0.800033 |
79,648 | A theory of everything (TOE), final theory, ultimate theory, unified field theory or master theory is a hypothetical, singular, all-encompassing, coherent theoretical framework of Natural Science that fully explains and links together all aspects of the universe.< Finding a theory of everything is one of the major unso... | Theories of everything | 0.800032 |
79,649 | The early 2000s saw the beginnings of the use of nanotechnology in commercial products, although most applications are limited to the bulk use of passive nanomaterials. Examples include titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen, cosmetics and some food products; silver nanoparticles in food packaging, ... | History of nanotechnology | 0.800032 |
79,650 | In Galois geometry over a Galois field GF(q) a line has q + 1 points, where ∞ = (1,0). In this line four points form a harmonic tetrad when two harmonically separate the others. The condition ( c , d ; a , b ) = − 1 , equivalently 2 ( c d + a b ) = ( c + d ) ( a + b ) , {\displaystyle (c,d;a,b)=-1,\ {\text{ equivalentl... | Projective harmonic conjugate | 0.800032 |
79,651 | The ambush hypothesis is a hypothesis in the field of molecular genetics that suggests that the prevalence of “hidden” or off-frame stop codons in DNA selectively deters off-frame translation of mRNA to save energy, molecular resources, and to reduce strain on biosynthetic machinery by truncating the production of non-... | Ambush hypothesis | 0.800031 |
79,652 | A simpler, but related, problem is proof verification, where an existing proof for a theorem is certified valid. For this, it is generally required that each individual proof step can be verified by a primitive recursive function or program, and hence the problem is always decidable. Since the proofs generated by autom... | Automatic theorem prover | 0.800031 |
79,653 | The Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche acquired this project when VLST was shut down in 2013. CD122: This molecule, which is the Interleukin-2 receptor beta sub-unit, is known to increase proliferation of CD8+ effector T cells. The American biotechnology company Nektar Therapeutics is working on NKTR-214, a CD122-biase... | Immune checkpoint | 0.80003 |
79,654 | One example of a 3D method is the hanging drop, where a droplet with growing cells is suspended and hangs downwards, which allows cells to grow around and atop of one another, forming a spheroid. The hanging drop method has been used to culture tumor cells but is limited to the geometry of a sphere. Since the advent of... | Microfluidic cell culture | 0.80003 |
79,655 | A theorem in the area is that of J. Cuadra that a separable Hopf-Galois extension R | S has finitely generated natural S-module R. A fundamental fact about a separable extension R | S is that it is left or right semisimple extension: a short exact sequence of left or right R-modules that is split as S-modules, is split... | Separable algebra | 0.80003 |
79,656 | In a formal language, "Nothing" only means ¬ ∃ x {\displaystyle \lnot \;\exists \;x} , such as "there is nothing which is outside"—i.e., ¬ ∃ x O ( x ) {\displaystyle \lnot \;\exists \;xO(x)} , and thus "Nothing" never occurs as a noun or as a predicate. According to Carnap, although metaphysics has no theoretical conte... | Vienna circle | 0.800029 |
79,657 | In computer science, a suffix tree (also called PAT tree or, in an earlier form, position tree) is a compressed trie containing all the suffixes of the given text as their keys and positions in the text as their values. Suffix trees allow particularly fast implementations of many important string operations. The constr... | Suffix tree | 0.800029 |
79,658 | By dualizing the homology chain complex (i.e. applying the functor Hom(-, R), R being any ring) we obtain a cochain complex with coboundary map δ {\displaystyle \delta } . The cohomology groups of X are defined as the homology groups of this complex; in a quip, "cohomology is the homology of the co ". The cohomology gr... | Singular chain complex | 0.800029 |
79,659 | Cloud physics is the study of the physical processes that lead to the formation, growth and precipitation of clouds. Clouds are composed of microscopic droplets of water (warm clouds), tiny crystals of ice, or both (mixed phase clouds). Under suitable conditions, the droplets combine to form precipitation, where they m... | Atmospheric Physics | 0.800029 |
79,660 | The methylene blue value is defined as the number of milliliter's standard methylene value solution decolorized 0.1 g of activated carbon (dry basis). Methylene blue value reflects the amount of clay minerals in aggregate samples. In materials science, methylene blue solution is successively added to fine aggregate whi... | Methylene Blue | 0.800029 |
79,661 | So z0 is a root of the polynomial z n p ( z ¯ − 1 ) ¯ {\displaystyle z^{n}{\overline {p({\bar {z}}^{-1})}}} which has degree n. But, the minimal polynomial is unique, hence c p ( z ) = z n p ( z ¯ − 1 ) ¯ {\displaystyle cp(z)=z^{n}{\overline {p({\bar {z}}^{-1})}}} for some constant c, i.e. c a i = a n − i ¯ = a n − i {... | Reciprocal polynomial | 0.800028 |
79,662 | Numerical methods using computers have been crucial in the discovery and understanding of choreographies from their inception. In 1993, Moore employed a numerical implementation of the direct method from the calculus of variations to uncover the "eight" choreography. Later, during the rediscovery period between 1999 an... | N-body choreography | 0.800028 |
79,663 | A comprehensive 2021 review paper discusses space mapping in the context of radio frequency and microwave design optimization; in the context of engineering surrogate model, feature-based and cognition-driven design; and in the context of machine learning, intuition, and human intelligence. The space mapping methodolog... | Space mapping | 0.800028 |
79,664 | . , i k {\displaystyle a_{i_{1},i_{2},...,i_{k}}} are said to be "coefficients" of these polynomials, and the R-algebra R⟨X1,...,Xn⟩ is called the "non-commutative polynomial algebra over R in n indeterminates". Note that unlike in an actual polynomial ring, the variables do not commute. | Noncommutative polynomial ring | 0.800028 |
79,665 | In 1962, Klitzing passed the Abitur at the Artland-Gymnasium in Quakenbrück, Germany, before studying physics at the Braunschweig University of Technology, where he received his diploma in 1969. He continued his studies at the University of Würzburg at the chair of Gottfried Landwehr, completing his PhD thesis entitled... | Klaus von Klitzing | 0.800028 |
79,666 | Granqvist, C. G.; Buhrman, R. A. (1976). "Ultrafine metal particles". Journal of Applied Physics. | Claes-Göran Granqvist | 0.800028 |
79,667 | in mathematics and a minor in computer science. She earned her Ph.D. in 2003 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the supervision of Alan Edelman, with a thesis on Eigenvalue statistics for beta-ensembles. After postdoctoral research as a Miller Research Fellow at the University of California, Berkeley,... | Ioana Dumitriu | 0.800028 |
79,668 | The Numerical Recipes books cover a range of topics that include both classical numerical analysis (interpolation, integration, linear algebra, differential equations, and so on), signal processing (Fourier methods, filtering), statistical treatment of data, and a few topics in machine learning (hidden Markov model, su... | Numerical Recipes | 0.800028 |
79,669 | of Stanford University, and for five years at the Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In 2019, he was appointed a full-time professor at the School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence at Arizona State University, Tempe, while maintaining a research position a... | Dimitri Bertsekas | 0.800028 |
79,670 | Without the aid of a computer, this number would be a strong prime in the cryptographic sense because 439351292910452432574786963588089477522344330 has the large prime factor 1747822896920092227343 (and in turn the number one less than that has the large prime factor 1683837087591611009), 439351292910452432574786963588... | Strong prime | 0.800027 |
79,671 | In algebraic geometry, an affine GIT quotient, or affine geometric invariant theory quotient, of an affine scheme X = Spec A {\displaystyle X=\operatorname {Spec} A} with an action by a group scheme G is the affine scheme Spec ( A G ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {Spec} (A^{G})} , the prime spectrum of the ring of ... | GIT quotient | 0.800027 |
79,672 | Some of them are trained in driving the Combat Engineering Corps standard CEV: the IDF Puma. They professional ranks after advanced training are Rifleman 07 (רובאי 07) and Sapper 06 (פלס 06).Engineering Vehicles Operator (EVO): less combatant but nonetheless important, these soldiers are skilled in the operation of hea... | Israeli Combat Engineering Corps | 0.800026 |
79,673 | Other pitfalls include misconfigured services (e.g. identifying information included by default in web server error responses), uptime and downtime statistics, intersection attacks, and user error. The open source OnionScan program, written by independent security researcher Sarah Jamie Lewis, comprehensively examines ... | Tor (network) | 0.800026 |
79,674 | Probability distribution Probability distribution function Probability density function Probability mass function Cumulative distribution function Quantile Moment (mathematics) Moment about the mean Standardized moment Skewness Kurtosis Locality Cumulant Factorial moment Expected value Law of the unconscious statistici... | List of probability topics | 0.800026 |
79,675 | The book is aimed at a "general mathematical audience" including undergraduate mathematics students with an introductory-level background in real analysis. It is intended both to excite mathematicians, physicists, and computer scientists about the foundational issues in their fields, and to provide an accessible introd... | Reverse Mathematics: Proofs from the Inside Out | 0.800025 |
79,676 | Amanda Karen Petford-Long is a Professor of Materials Science and Distinguished Fellow at the Argonne National Laboratory. She is also a Professor of Materials Science at Northwestern University. | Amanda Petford-Long | 0.800025 |
79,677 | {\displaystyle |S|.} Obviously | S | = Δ ( C o u t ( m 1 ) , C o u t ( m 2 ) ) ⩾ ( 1 − R ) N {\displaystyle |S|=\Delta (C_{out}(m_{1}),C_{out}(m_{2}))\geqslant (1-R)N} . Due to the Wozencraft Ensemble Theorem, there are at most ε N {\displaystyle \varepsilon N} linear codes having distance less than H q − 1 ( 1 2 − ε )... | Justesen code | 0.800025 |
79,678 | These are the most exotic of all—they involve purely inseparable field extensions in characteristic 2—and Weiss only discovered them during the joint work with Tits on the classification of Moufang 4-gons by investigating a strange lacuna that should not have existed but did. The classification of Moufang 4-gons by Tit... | Moufang polygon | 0.800025 |
79,679 | Leuchs's research dealt with the chemistry of amino acids and the chemistry of strychnine. The Leuchs reaction and the Leuchs anhydride were named after him. | Hermann Leuchs | 0.800025 |
79,680 | 1922 – Lewis Fry Richardson introduces numerical weather forecasting by manual calculation, using methods originally developed by Vilhelm Bjerknes as early as 1895. 1926 – Grete Hermann publishes foundational paper for computer algebra, which established the existence of algorithms (including complexity bounds) for man... | Timeline of scientific computing | 0.800025 |
79,681 | Artificial Intelligence researcher Dr. Cynthia Marling, of the Ohio University Russ College of Engineering and Technology, in collaboration with the Appalachian Rural Health Institute Diabetes Center, is developing a case-based reasoning system to aid in diabetes management. The goal of the project is to provide automa... | Diabetes management | 0.800024 |
79,682 | For each photon, the would-be counterfeiter has a probability 3 / 4 {\displaystyle 3/4} of success in duplicating it correctly. If the total number of photons on the bank note is N {\displaystyle N} , a duplicate will have probability ( 3 / 4 ) N {\displaystyle (3/4)^{N}} of passing the bank's verification test. If N {... | Quantum money | 0.800024 |
79,683 | Minkowski's geometry of numbers had a profound influence on functional analysis. Minkowski proved that symmetric convex bodies induce norms in finite-dimensional vector spaces. Minkowski's theorem was generalized to topological vector spaces by Kolmogorov, whose theorem states that the symmetric convex sets that are cl... | Geometry of numbers | 0.800023 |
79,684 | The content of the theorem becomes somewhat clearer if it is placed in its historical context. In the theory of representations of finite groups, one can form an object R {\displaystyle R} called the representation ring of G {\displaystyle G} in a way entirely analogous to the construction of the Burnside ring outline... | Segal's conjecture | 0.800023 |
79,685 | For getting the theorem for a general Euclidean domain, it suffices to replace the degree by the Euclidean function of the Euclidean domain. The Chinese remainder theorem for polynomials is thus: Let P i ( X ) {\displaystyle P_{i}(X)} (the moduli) be, for i = 1 , … , k {\displaystyle i=1,\dots ,k} , pairwise coprime po... | Chinese Remainder Theorem | 0.800023 |
79,686 | Heinrich Martin Weber published the fourth edition of "The partial differential equations of mathematical physics according to Riemann's lectures" in two volumes (1900 and 1901). However, Weber pointed out in the preface of the first volume (1900) that this fourth edition was completely rewritten based on his own lectu... | Riemann–Silberstein vector | 0.800023 |
79,687 | Peirce in many writings holds that logic precedes metaphysics (ontological, religious, and physical). Peirce goes on to list four common barriers to inquiry: (1) Assertion of absolute certainty; (2) maintaining that something is absolutely unknowable; (3) maintaining that something is absolutely inexplicable because ab... | Logic of relatives | 0.800023 |
79,688 | When the simulation is dynamic, this method prevents the elements to be ill-formed, having the possibility to easily redefine them at each time step depending on the geometry. == References == | Natural element method | 0.800023 |
79,689 | The cognitive neuroscience of semantic memory is a controversial issue with two dominant views. Many researchers and clinicians believe that semantic memory is stored by the same brain systems involved in episodic memory, that is, the medial temporal lobes, including the hippocampal formation. In this system, the hippo... | Hyperspace Analogue to Language | 0.800022 |
79,690 | The GFP-cDNA project documents the localisation of proteins to subcellular compartments of the eukaryotic cell applying fluorescence microscopy. Experimental data are complemented with bioinformatic analyses and published online in a database. A search function allows the finding of proteins containing features or moti... | GFP-cDNA | 0.800022 |
79,691 | This was probably the first journal which had complexity in the sense of computational complexity in its title.In 1986, Traub was asked by the National Academies to form a Computer Science Board. The original name of the Board was the Computer Science and Technology Board (CSTB). Several years later CSTB was asked to a... | Joseph F. Traub | 0.800021 |
79,692 | PyTorch Lightning is an open-source Python library that provides a high-level interface for PyTorch, a popular deep learning framework. It is a lightweight and high-performance framework that organizes PyTorch code to decouple the research from the engineering, making deep learning experiments easier to read and reprod... | PyTorch Lightning | 0.800021 |
79,693 | Let A be a finite-dimensional unital Jordan algebra over a field k of characteristic ≠ 2. Two pairs (ai,bi) with ai invertible are said to be equivalent if (a1)−1 − b1 + b2 is invertible and a2 = (a1)b1 − b2. This is an equivalence relation, since if a is invertible a0 = a so that a pair (a,b) is equivalent to itself. ... | Hua's identity (Jordan algebra) | 0.800021 |
79,694 | One of the most recent results of the NAAMES campaign includes a better understanding of how biology helps draw atmospheric carbon dioxide down into the water column. Specifically, the impact of zooplankton vertical migration on carbon export to the deep sea via the Biological Pump was parametrized and modeled for the ... | NAAMES study | 0.800021 |
79,695 | Many of the appearances of π in the formulae of mathematics and the sciences have to do with its close relationship with geometry. However, π also appears in many natural situations having apparently nothing to do with geometry. In many applications, it plays a distinguished role as an eigenvalue. | Archimedes' constant | 0.800021 |
79,696 | Tutte (1958) proved that a matroid is regular if and only if it does not have one of three forbidden minors: the uniform matroid U 4 2 {\displaystyle U{}_{4}^{2}} (the four-point line), the Fano plane, or the dual matroid of the Fano plane. For this he used his difficult homotopy theorem. Simpler proofs have since been... | Matroid minor | 0.800021 |
79,697 | One may address these problems by evaluating EM at several initial points in the parameter space but this is computationally costly and other approaches, such as the annealing EM method of Udea and Nakano (1998) (in which the initial components are essentially forced to overlap, providing a less heterogeneous basis for... | Mixture models | 0.80002 |
79,698 | Oligosaccharides have diverse structures. The number of monosaccharides, ring size, the different anomeric stereochemistry, and the existence of the branched-chain sugars all contribute to the amazing complexity of the oligosaccharide structures. The essence of the reducing oligosaccharide synthesis is connecting the a... | Carbohydrate synthesis | 0.80002 |
79,699 | He was born on 17 February 1919 in Sydney in Australia, but of Scots descent. His father died when he was three. From 1937 he studied Physics at the University of Sydney, winning the Deas-Thomson Scholarship in 1940 and graduating BSc in 1942 and MSc in 1943. In the Second World War he was based at Mount Stromlo Observ... | Walter Stibbs Lectures | 0.80002 |
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