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79,400 | In molecular chemistry, and statistical physics Mean field particle methods are also used to sample Boltzmann-Gibbs measures associated with some cooling schedule, and to compute their normalizing constants (a.k.a. free energies, or partition functions).In computational biology, and more specifically in population gene... | Mean-field particle methods | 0.800085 |
79,401 | Autonomous ships that monitor the ocean, AI-driven satellite data analysis, passive acoustics or remote sensing and other applications of environmental monitoring make use of machine learning.For example, "Global Plastic Watch" is an AI-based satellite monitoring-platform for analysis/tracking of plastic waste sites to... | AI applications | 0.800084 |
79,402 | Delayed evaluation and optimisation are achieved through template metaprogramming. Armadillo is related to the Boost Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (uBLAS) library, which also uses template metaprogramming. However, Armadillo builds upon ATLAS and LAPACK libraries, thereby providing machine-dependent optimisations an... | Armadillo (C++ library) | 0.800084 |
79,403 | The university hosts "living-learning" programs (LLPs) that allow students with similar academic interests to live in the same residential community take specialized courses and perform research in those areas of expertise. These include CIVICUS, focused on politics and community service; Hinman CEOs, an entrepreneursh... | Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology | 0.800084 |
79,404 | The Gelfand–Kirillov dimension of a finitely generated commutative algebra A over a field is the Krull dimension of A (or equivalently the transcendence degree of the field of fractions of A over the base field.) In particular, the GK dimension of the polynomial ring k {\displaystyle k} Is n. (Warfield) For any real n... | Gelfand–Kirillov dimension | 0.800084 |
79,405 | Civil and structural engineering uses include Anthony Gormley's Quantum Cloud, built alongside the Millennium Dome, (now the O2 Arena), as part of UK's Millennium Commission sponsored celebrations for the year 2000; Spinnaker Tower, the tallest publicly accessible provincial structure in the UK; and Gwangmyeong Velodro... | LUSAS | 0.800084 |
79,406 | Observe that the objects GE performs search on are the same as those used in genetic algorithms. This means, in principle, that any existing genetic algorithm package, such as the popular GAlib, can be used to carry out the search, and a developer implementing a GE system need only worry about carrying out the mapping ... | Grammatical evolution | 0.800084 |
79,407 | For instance, the intersection graph of line segments in one dimension is an interval graph; the intersection graph of unit disks in the plane is a unit disk graph. The Circle packing theorem states that the intersection graphs of non-crossing circles are exactly the planar graphs. Scheinerman's conjecture (proven in 2... | Euclidean graph | 0.800083 |
79,408 | He believes that by measuring the complexity of communications for different species on Earth, we could get a good indication of how advanced an extraterrestrial signal is using an application of Zipf's law. His study determined that babies babble over 800 different sounds with the same amount of frequency as dolphins.... | Laurance Doyle | 0.800083 |
79,409 | Peter Mann Winkler is a research mathematician, author of more than 125 research papers in mathematics and patent holder in a broad range of applications, ranging from cryptography to marine navigation. His research areas include discrete mathematics, theory of computation and probability theory. He is currently a prof... | Peter Winkler | 0.800083 |
79,410 | Forbidden lines are spectral lines that occur due to electron transitions not normally allowed by the selection rules of quantum mechanics, but that still have a small probability of spontaneously occurring. The term "forbidden" is slightly misleading, as the electron transitions causing them are not forbidden but high... | Seyfert galaxy | 0.800083 |
79,411 | Orville discussed John J. Dvorak, a physics professor at Washington University in St. Louis, who had designed an engine and hired Whitehead to build it after praising him publicly. Dvorak became dissatisfied with Whitehead's progress on the engine and severed the business relationship. | Gustave Whitehead | 0.800082 |
79,412 | Make Something Unreal Live continued in 2013, with a new competition being announced in October 2012. The competition was open to students who were tasked with making pitches for a PC game using the Unreal Development Kit based on the theme 'mendelian genetics'. Finalists for the competition were chosen in November, wi... | Make Something Unreal | 0.800082 |
79,413 | The transformation properties of the pseudovector in three dimensions has been compared to that of the vector cross product by Baylis. He says: "The terms axial vector and pseudovector are often treated as synonymous, but it is quite useful to be able to distinguish a bivector from its dual." To paraphrase Baylis: Give... | Pseudovector | 0.800081 |
79,414 | Deep image prior is a type of convolutional neural network used to enhance a given image with no prior training data other than the image itself. A neural network is randomly initialized and used as prior to solve inverse problems such as noise reduction, super-resolution, and inpainting. Image statistics are captured ... | Deep Image Prior | 0.800081 |
79,415 | A is diagonalizable if and only if, for every eigenvalue λ of A, its geometric and algebraic multiplicities coincide. In particular, the Jordan blocks in this case are 1 × 1 matrices; that is, scalars. | Jordan canonical form | 0.800081 |
79,416 | History of environmental chemistry – history of the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places. History of immunochemistry – history of the branch of chemistry that involves the study of the reactions and components on the immune system. History of medicinal chemistry – hist... | Physical Sciences | 0.800081 |
79,417 | In chemistry the reactivity–selectivity principle or RSP states that a more reactive chemical compound or reactive intermediate is less selective in chemical reactions. In this context selectivity represents the ratio of reaction rates. This principle was generally accepted until the 1970s when too many exceptions star... | Reactivity–selectivity principle | 0.800081 |
79,418 | FITs typically offer a guaranteed purchase agreement for long periods (15-25 years) and give incentives to producers to maximize output and efficiency.In 2008, a detailed analysis by the European Commission concluded that "well-adapted feed-in tariff regimes are generally the most efficient and effective support scheme... | Feed-in Tariff | 0.800081 |
79,419 | "Search" in this context is an application of search algorithms in artificial intelligence. As an example, think about the sentence "The can can hold water". A reader would instantly see that there is an object called "the can" and that this object is performing the action 'can' (i.e. is able to); and the thing the obj... | Statistical parsing | 0.80008 |
79,420 | He further explains that: "Vitalism is that rejected tradition in biology which proposes that life is sustained and explained by an unmeasurable, intelligent force or energy. The supposed effects of vitalism are the manifestations of life itself, which in turn are the basis for inferring the concept in the first place.... | Vital Force Theory | 0.80008 |
79,421 | Another potential problem that comes with the use of renewable energy is the energy transmission. A study conducted by Princeton University found that the locations with the highest renewable potential are in the Midwest, however, the places with the highest energy demand are coastal cities. To effectively make use of ... | Energy Planning | 0.80008 |
79,422 | The book has been translated into several languages and has sold over a million copies, and has been continuously in print since its first publication. Marvin Minsky said in his paper Steps Toward Artificial Intelligence that "everyone should know the work of George Pólya on how to solve problems." Pólya's book has had... | How to Solve It | 0.800079 |
79,423 | The recipient of a Rockefeller Scholarship, he studied biostatistics at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore in 1925–1926. Visiting Charles Davenport's laboratory, he became convinced that American liberal eugenicism was a viable model for Romania. | Sabin Manuilă | 0.800079 |
79,424 | A memetic algorithm (MA) in computer science and operations research, is an extension of the traditional genetic algorithm (GA) or more general evolutionary algorithm (EA). It may provide a sufficiently good solution to an optimization problem. It uses a suitable heuristic or local search technique to improve the quali... | Memetic algorithms | 0.800079 |
79,425 | Lie groups occur in abundance throughout mathematics and physics. Matrix groups or algebraic groups are (roughly) groups of matrices (for example, orthogonal and symplectic groups), and these give most of the more common examples of Lie groups. | Matrix Lie group | 0.800079 |
79,426 | Research Frontiers is a nanotechnology company based in Woodbury, New York that was founded by Robert Saxe in 1965 to develop light control technology from Polaroid. The company develops and licenses its patented SPD-SmartGlass technology. The company currently has six full-time employees. | Research Frontiers | 0.800078 |
79,427 | More specifically, if y {\displaystyle \mathbf {y} } and y ′ {\displaystyle \mathbf {y} '} are homogeneous normalized image coordinates in image 1 and 2, respectively, then ( y ′ ) ⊤ E y = 0 {\displaystyle (\mathbf {y} ')^{\top }\,\mathbf {E} \,\mathbf {y} =0} if y {\displaystyle \mathbf {y} } and y ′ {\displaystyle \m... | Essential matrix | 0.800078 |
79,428 | There are several proofs that π is irrational; they generally require calculus and rely on the reductio ad absurdum technique. The degree to which π can be approximated by rational numbers (called the irrationality measure) is not precisely known; estimates have established that the irrationality measure is larger than... | Archimedes constant | 0.800078 |
79,429 | In population genetics, fixation is the change in a gene pool from a situation where there exists at least two variants of a particular gene (allele) in a given population to a situation where only one of the alleles remains. That is, the allele becomes fixed. In the absence of mutation or heterozygote advantage, any a... | Fixation (population genetics) | 0.800078 |
79,430 | By a direct plea to Karl von Auwers, who was professor for organic chemistry at the University of Marburg at the time, he was able to resume university study and after 3 years was awarded the Ph.D. in organic chemistry. Karl von Auwers was able to convince him to start an academic career, leading to his habilitation in... | Georg Wittig | 0.800078 |
79,431 | Melvin Calvin 1977 "For pioneering studies in the mechanism of photosynthesis and bioenergetics; for the application of scientific theory toward the solution of the most fundamental problems of our age - the problems of energy, food, chemical, and viral carcinogenesis, and the origin of life; for outstanding achievemen... | Willard Gibbs Award | 0.800078 |
79,432 | Thus, public resistance to an unnatural product led to the end of the SCP project as an attempt to solve world hunger. Also, in 1989 in the USSR, the public environmental concerns made the government decide to close down (or convert to different technologies) all 8 paraffin-fed-yeast plants that the Soviet Ministry of ... | History of biotechnology | 0.800077 |
79,433 | In the Ratchet & Clank series, the health system involves nanotechnology. The nanotech can be upgraded by purchase in the first game, or by defeating enemies in other games of the series. Nanotechnology is also found in Crysis (2007), Crysis 2 (2011), and Crysis 3 (2013). | Nanotechnology in fiction | 0.800076 |
79,434 | Tolerance zones are defined in ISO 1101. The tolerance zone is a surface or a volume with perfect geometry. It is a surface when it is intended to contain a toleranced feature which is a line. It is a volume when it is intended to contain a toleranced feature which is a surface It can often be described as a rigid body... | Geometrical Product Specification and Verification | 0.800076 |
79,435 | Several features of BMCs make them appealing for biotechnological applications. Because carboxysomes increase the efficiency of carbon fixation, much research effort has gone into introducing carboxysomes and required bicarbonate transporters into plant chloroplasts in order to engineer a chloroplastic CO2 concentratin... | Bacterial microcompartment | 0.800076 |
79,436 | This article gives a sketch of a proof of Gödel's first incompleteness theorem. This theorem applies to any formal theory that satisfies certain technical hypotheses, which are discussed as needed during the sketch. We will assume for the remainder of the article that a fixed theory satisfying these hypotheses has been... | Proof sketch for Gödel's first incompleteness theorem | 0.800076 |
79,437 | OLI has several different applications due to the many different bands. Band 1 is helpful in imaging shallow water resources and tracking aerosols. Bands 2, 3, and 4 are in the visible spectrum and are helpful in creating true color composite images. Band 5 is helpful for ecology purposes and can help determine vegetat... | Operational Land Imager | 0.800075 |
79,438 | WeScheme is an online programming environment based on DrRacket and Scheme. Like DrRacket, it provides an interactive evaluator and an interface for editing and running programs. In contrast to DrRacket, WeScheme evaluates on the browser with JavaScript. Its main audience is the Bootstrap curriculum, a middle-school cu... | WeScheme | 0.800075 |
79,439 | The Hasse principle for algebraic groups states that if G is a simply-connected algebraic group defined over the global field k then the map from H 1 ( k , G ) → ∏ s H 1 ( k s , G ) {\displaystyle H^{1}(k,G)\rightarrow \prod _{s}H^{1}(k_{s},G)} is injective, where the product is over all places s of k. The Hasse princi... | Local-global principle | 0.800075 |
79,440 | In theoretical physics, S-duality (short for strong–weak duality, or Sen duality) is an equivalence of two physical theories, which may be either quantum field theories or string theories. S-duality is useful for doing calculations in theoretical physics because it relates a theory in which calculations are difficult t... | Strong-weak duality | 0.800075 |
79,441 | Born in Liverpool, he was educated at and University College, Liverpool Biology and Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge Botany. | Differentiation (orthogenesis) | 0.800075 |
79,442 | Computer programming skills were introduced into the National Curriculum in 2014.It was reported in 2017 that roughly 11.5 million United Kingdom citizens did not have basic computer literacy skills. In response, the United Kingdom government published a 'digital skills strategy' in 2017.First released in 2012, the Ras... | Computer education | 0.800075 |
79,443 | Two of the drug's three components were originally developed at the Public Health Agency of Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), and a third at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; the cocktail was optimized by Gary Kobinger, then branch chief of the NML, and is undergoing furthe... | ZMapp | 0.800074 |
79,444 | Helium liquifies when cooled below 4.2 K at atmospheric pressure. Unlike any other element, however, helium remains liquid down to a temperature of absolute zero. This is a direct effect of quantum mechanics: specifically, the zero point energy of the system is too high to allow freezing. Pressures above about 25 atmos... | Superfluid helium | 0.800074 |
79,445 | The novel also featured a type of force field called a "repulsion screen". Starfire series – the combined tractor/pressor beam weapon Starplex by Robert J. Sawyer The Trigger by Arthur C. Clarke involves the development of tractor beams in the early part of the novel. Sixth Column by Robert A. Heinlein describes tracto... | Tractor beam | 0.800074 |
79,446 | A Meisenheimer complex or Jackson–Meisenheimer complex in organic chemistry is a 1:1 reaction adduct between an arene carrying electron withdrawing groups and a nucleophile. These complexes are found as reactive intermediates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution but stable and isolated Meisenheimer salts are also know... | Zimmermann test | 0.800074 |
79,447 | Above all, Lippmann is remembered as the inventor of a method for reproducing colours by photography, based on the interference phenomenon, which earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1908.In 1886, Lippmann's interest turned to a method of fixing the colours of the solar spectrum on a photographic plate. On 2 Febru... | Gabriel Lippmann | 0.800074 |
79,448 | They consist of three major components: a central biochemical oscillator with a period of about 24 hours that keeps time; a series of input pathways to this central oscillator to allow entrainment of the clock; a series of output pathways tied to distinct phases of the oscillator that regulate overt rhythms in biochemi... | Circadian oscillator | 0.800074 |
79,449 | Here the physical process consists in an ordinary translation of a certain amount along x {\displaystyle x} combined with translation along y {\displaystyle y} , cos ( θ ) x + sin ( θ ) y = constant {\displaystyle \cos(\theta )x+\sin(\theta )y={\text{constant}}} where the amount is specified by the parameter θ {\di... | Generalized Structure Tensor | 0.800074 |
79,450 | Linear time-invariant system theory Filter theory and Filter design Impulse response Infinite impulse response systems Finite impulse response systems Step response Transforms: Laplace transform Fourier transform: Continuous Fourier transform & Discrete Fourier transform Z-transform Transfer function Frequency response... | System analysis | 0.800073 |
79,451 | After canceling out these terms with the contributions from cutoff-dependent counterterms, the cutoff is taken to infinity and finite physical results recovered. If physics on scales we can measure is independent of what happens at the very shortest distance and time scales, then it should be possible to get cutoff-ind... | Renormalization | 0.800073 |
79,452 | In chemistry, a systematic name describes the chemical structure of a chemical substance, thus giving some information about its chemical properties. The Compendium of Chemical Terminology published by the IUPAC defines systematic name as "a name composed wholly of specially coined or selected syllables, with or withou... | Systematic name | 0.800073 |
79,453 | Frame. A frame F is a complete lattice, in which, for every x in F and every subset Y of F, the infinite distributive law x ∧ ⋁ {\displaystyle \bigvee } Y = ⋁ {\displaystyle \bigvee } {x ∧ y | y in Y} holds. Frames are also known as locales and as complete Heyting algebras. | Order theory glossary | 0.800073 |
79,454 | The average or expected value of a sum of functions over a point process is written as: E or ∫ N ∑ x ∈ N f ( x ) P ( d N ) , {\displaystyle E\left\qquad {\text{or}}\qquad \int _{\textbf {N}}\sum _{x\in {N}}f(x)P(d{N}),} where (in the random measure sense) P {\displaystyle P} is an appropriate probability measure defin... | Point process notation | 0.800073 |
79,455 | A condensed set is a sheaf of sets on the site of profinite sets, with the Grothendieck topology given by finite, jointly surjective collections of maps. Similarly, a condensed group, condensed ring, etc. is defined as a sheaf of groups, rings etc. on this site. To any topological space X {\displaystyle X} one can asso... | Condensed mathematics | 0.800072 |
79,456 | Somerville is a theoretical meteorologist and an expert on computer simulations of the atmosphere. His research is on the physics of clouds and their role in the climate system. His interests include all aspects of climate, including climate science outreach and the interface between science and public policy. This res... | Richard Somerville | 0.800072 |
79,457 | The engineering lifecycle is a well established approach in the design and systems engineering of complex and certified systems. It refers to the series of stages that a complex engineered product passes through, from initial concept and design, through to production, use, and end-of-life management. The approach is co... | Circular agriculture | 0.800071 |
79,458 | The modular group is important because it forms a subgroup of the group of isometries of the hyperbolic plane. If we consider the upper half-plane model H of hyperbolic plane geometry, then the group of all orientation-preserving isometries of H consists of all Möbius transformations of the form z ↦ a z + b c z + d {\d... | Hecke group | 0.800071 |
79,459 | The Surprising Archaea: Discovering Another Domain of Life is a popular science book written about the domain Archaea. It was written by John L. Howland and first published in 2000 by the Oxford University Press. The book records the, "archaeal rise from obscurity...to their current prominent place in molecular and evo... | The Surprising Archaea | 0.800071 |
79,460 | The German Institute for Solid State Nuclear Physics in Berlin has proposed the dual fluid reactor as a concept for a fast breeder lead-cooled MSR. The original MSR concept used the fluid salt to provide the fission materials and also to remove the heat. Thus it had problems with the needed flow speed. Using 2 differen... | Liquid Fluoride Reactor | 0.800071 |
79,461 | Painlevé transcendents have their origin in the study of special functions, which often arise as solutions of differential equations, as well as in the study of isomonodromic deformations of linear differential equations. One of the most useful classes of special functions are the elliptic functions. They are defined b... | Painlevé function | 0.800071 |
79,462 | Having taken his B.S. in 1951 from Brooklyn College, Gelernter received his Ph.D. at the University of Rochester in 1957.Gelernter's extended visit to the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in 1960/61, while he was developing a prototype of his 'vidicon' (a system which dispensed with film, and used a te... | Herbert Gelernter | 0.80007 |
79,463 | According to Google's statistics, Germany has reached an IPv6 adoption level of 68% by June 2023. The Deutsches Forschungsnetz (DFN) backbone network offers native IPv6 support for their participants. Many scientific networks in Germany, such as the Munich Scientific Network (MWN) operated by Leibniz-Rechenzentrum, are... | IPv6 deployment | 0.80007 |
79,464 | In physical chemistry and chemical engineering, extent of reaction is a quantity that measures the extent to which the reaction has proceeded. Often, it refers specifically to the value of the extent of reaction when equilibrium has been reached. It is usually denoted by the Greek letter ξ. The extent of reaction is us... | Extent of reaction | 0.80007 |
79,465 | Propositional proof systems can be interpreted as nonuniform equivalents of theories of higher order. The equivalence is most often studied in the context of theories of bounded arithmetic. For example, the Extended Frege system corresponds to Cook's theory P V 1 {\displaystyle \mathrm {PV} _{1}} formalizing polynomial... | Proof complexity | 0.800069 |
79,466 | After receiving his Ph.D., Altman embarked upon the first of two research fellowships. He joined Matthew Meselson's laboratory at Harvard University to study a DNA endonuclease involved in the replication and recombination of T4 DNA. Later, at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England, Altman starte... | Sidney Altman | 0.800069 |
79,467 | Johan Paulsson is a Swedish mathematician and systems biologist at Harvard Medical School. He is a leading researcher in systems biology and stochastic processes, specializing in stochasticity in gene networks and plasmid reproduction. | Johan Paulsson | 0.800069 |
79,468 | Since the code is determined on the statistics of the inputs and only the encoded messages are communicated, a code is efficient to the extent that it is not understandable by the receiver. This is the paradox of the efficient code. In the neural coding metaphor, the code is private and specific to each neuron. | Manifold hypothesis | 0.800069 |
79,469 | In astrophysics, Chandrasekhar potential energy tensor provides the gravitational potential of a body due to its own gravity created by the distribution of matter across the body, named after the Indian American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. The Chandrasekhar tensor is a generalization of potential energy ... | Chandrasekhar potential energy tensor | 0.800069 |
79,470 | Fractal geometry is a source of some exotic metric spaces. Others have arisen as limits through the study of discrete or smooth objects, including scale-invariant limits in statistical physics, Alexandrov spaces arising as Gromov–Hausdorff limits of sequences of Riemannian manifolds, and boundaries and asymptotic cones... | Metric spaces | 0.800069 |
79,471 | The Cluster also strongly support new developments in advanced light microscopy. A particularly important technique CEF added to the research technique portfolio in Frankfurt is light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM)). In LSFM, optical sectioning in the excitation process minimizes fluorophore bleaching and phototo... | Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes | 0.800068 |
79,472 | Axler, Sheldon Jay (2015). Linear Algebra Done Right (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-11079-0. | Spanning set | 0.800067 |
79,473 | Livio earned a Bachelor of Science degree in physics and mathematics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, a Master of Science degree in theoretical particle physics at the Weizmann Institute, and a Ph.D. in theoretical astrophysics at Tel Aviv University. He was a professor of physics at the Technion – Israel Institu... | Mario Livio | 0.800066 |
79,474 | Spatial neural networks (SNNs) constitute a supercategory of tailored neural networks (NNs) for representing and predicting geographic phenomena. They generally improve both the statistical accuracy and reliability of the a-spatial/classic NNs whenever they handle geo-spatial datasets, and also of the other spatial (st... | Distributed representation | 0.800066 |
79,475 | Despite their work, the case of three-dimensional spaces remained completely unresolved. Moreover, Smale and Freedman's methods have had no impact on the three-dimensional case, as their topological manipulations, moving "problematic regions" out of the way without interfering with other regions, seem to require high d... | Grigori Perelman | 0.800066 |
79,476 | Only a limited effort is made to assign realistic times to the initial set of pending events. These events, however, schedule additional events, and with time, the distribution of event times approaches its steady state. This is called bootstrapping the simulation model. In gathering statistics from the running model, ... | Discrete event simulation | 0.800066 |
79,477 | Dempster received his B.A. in mathematics and physics (1952) and M.A. in mathematics (1953), both from the University of Toronto. He obtained his Ph.D. in mathematical statistics from Princeton University in 1956. His thesis, titled The two-sample multivariate problem in the degenerate case, was written under the super... | Arthur P. Dempster | 0.800066 |
79,478 | Using this method, they were said to have predicted the time of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake with an accuracy of ±1 day. The same study, however, acknowledges the limitation of earthquake prediction models, and does not mention that the location of the quake could be accurately predicted.An article in Science suggested ... | 2008 Sichuan earthquake | 0.800066 |
79,479 | The covering X(N) → X(1) is Galois, with Galois group SL(2, N)/{1, −1}, which is equal to PSL(2, N) if N is prime. Applying the Riemann–Hurwitz formula and Gauss–Bonnet theorem, one can calculate the genus of X(N). For a prime level p ≥ 5, − π χ ( X ( p ) ) = | G | ⋅ D , {\displaystyle -\pi \chi (X(p))=|G|\cdot D,} whe... | Modular curve | 0.800066 |
79,480 | RepRaps, for example, have already been used for an educational mobile robotics platform.Some authors have claimed that 3D printers offer an unprecedented "revolution" in STEM education. The evidence for such claims comes from both the low cost ability for rapid prototyping in the classroom by students, but also the fa... | Applications of 3D printing | 0.800066 |
79,481 | HER2/neu status can be analyzed by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) assays. Some commentators prefer this approach, claiming a higher correlation than receptor immunohistochemistry with response to trastuzumab, a targeted therapy, but guidelines permit either testing method. | Breast cancer classification | 0.800065 |
79,482 | See Consciousness and measurement. The mind is postulated to be non-physical and the only true measurement apparatus.This interpretation has been summarized thus: The rules of quantum mechanics are correct but there is only one system which may be treated with quantum mechanics, namely the entire material world. There ... | Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation | 0.800065 |
79,483 | This is an alphabetical list of articles pertaining specifically to electrical and electronics engineering. For a thematic list, please see List of electrical engineering topics. For a broad overview of engineering, see List of engineering topics. For biographies, see List of engineers. | Index of electrical engineering articles | 0.800065 |
79,484 | In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair. Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids. Most electrophiles are positively charged, have an atom that carries a partial positive charge, or have an atom that does not have an octet ... | Electrophile | 0.800065 |
79,485 | From the seventeenth century, many of the most important advances in mathematics appeared motivated by the study of physics, and this continued in the following centuries (although in the nineteenth century mathematics started to become increasingly independent from physics). The creation and development of calculus we... | Relationship between mathematics and physics | 0.800065 |
79,486 | Qvist's theoremLet Ω be an oval in a finite projective plane of order n. (a) If n is odd, every point P ∉ Ω is incident with 0 or 2 tangents. (b) If n is even, there exists a point N, the nucleus or knot, such that, the set of tangents to oval Ω is the pencil of all lines through N.Proof (a) Let tR be the tangent to Ω ... | Qvist's theorem | 0.800065 |
79,487 | Cybernetics is used as an umbrella term so applications extend to all systems related scientific fields such as biology, mathematics, computer science, engineering, management, psychology, sociology, art, and more. Cybernetics is used amongst several fields to discover principles of systems, adaptation of organisms, in... | Biorobotics | 0.800065 |
79,488 | OLTP has also been used to refer to processing in which the system responds immediately to user requests. An automated teller machine (ATM) for a bank is an example of a commercial transaction processing application. Online transaction processing applications have high throughput and are insert- or update-intensive in ... | Online transaction processing | 0.800064 |
79,489 | Two years later, ScienceLogic raised an additional $15 million in funding from Intel Capital. In 2015, ScienceLogic received $43 million in Series D funding, led by Goldman Sachs In 2016, ScienceLogic announced the acquisition of AppFirst. Following the launch of the SL1 product line in 2018, which by the company and i... | ScienceLogic | 0.800064 |
79,490 | Biological oceanography – The study of how organisms affect and are affected by the physics, chemistry, and geology of the oceanographic system Outline of biological oceanography Biogeography – The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time Chemical oceanography ... | Outline of oceanography | 0.800064 |
79,491 | Perhaps the most famous example of a non-linear system of differential equations is the Navier–Stokes equations. Unlike the linear case, the existence of a solution of a non-linear system is a difficult problem (cf. Navier–Stokes existence and smoothness.) See also: h-principle. | Differential system | 0.800064 |
79,492 | Cash flow matching Energy system optimization UAV guidance | Integer linear programming | 0.800064 |
79,493 | An ylide or ylid () is a neutral dipolar molecule containing a formally negatively charged atom (usually a carbanion) directly attached to a heteroatom with a formal positive charge (usually nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur), and in which both atoms have full octets of electrons. The result can be viewed as a structure i... | Ylide | 0.800063 |
79,494 | In the United Kingdom, computer scientist Alan Turing, famous for his contributions to mathematics and computer science, pleaded guilty in 1952 to a charge of gross indecency for engaging in homosexual acts and accepted chemical castration as a term of his probation, thus avoiding imprisonment. At the time, homosexual ... | Chemical castration | 0.800063 |
79,495 | Human biology tries to understand and promotes research on humans as living beings as a scientific discipline. It makes use of various scientific methods, such as experiments and observations, to detail the biochemical and biophysical foundations of human life describe and formulate the underlying processes using model... | Human biology | 0.800063 |
79,496 | The composition and chemistry of the atmosphere is of importance for several reasons, but primarily because of the interactions between the atmosphere and living organisms. The composition of the Earth's atmosphere has been changed by human activity and some of these changes are harmful to human health, crops and ecosy... | Atmospheric Sciences | 0.800063 |
79,497 | Let X be a topological space and let x and y be points in X. We say that x and y are separated if each lies in a neighbourhood that does not contain the other point. X is called a T1 space if any two distinct points in X are separated. X is called an R0 space if any two topologically distinguishable points in X are sep... | T1 separation axiom | 0.800063 |
79,498 | Charles W. Tobias: A pioneer in the field of electrochemical engineering, Tobias made a long-lasting and far-reaching impact on the field of electrochemical science by forming the Chemical Engineering Department at UC Berkeley in 1947. He served as ECS president from 1970-1971. Gordon E. Moore: The co-founder of Intel ... | Electrochemical Society Monograph Series | 0.800063 |
79,499 | Matrix Reference Manual, Mike Brookes, Imperial College London. Matrix Differentiation (and some other stuff), Randal J. Barnes, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota. Notes on Matrix Calculus, Paul L. Fackler, North Carolina State University. Matrix Differential Calculus (slide presentation), Zhang ... | Matrix differentiation | 0.800062 |
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