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82,200 | Examining Board v. Flores de Otero, 426 U.S. 572 (1976), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated a state law that excluded aliens from the practice of civil engineering. The Court invalidated the law on the basis of equal protection using a strict scrutiny standard of review. | Examining Board v. Flores de Otero | 0.799478 |
82,201 | According to chemical engineer Robert Ulanowicz, in his 1986 book Growth and Development, Laplace's demon met its end with early 19th century developments of the concepts of irreversibility, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics. In other words, Laplace's demon was based on the premise of reversibility and clas... | Laplace's Demon | 0.799478 |
82,202 | Environmental sampling techniques are used in biology, ecology and conservation as part of scientific studies to learn about the flora and fauna of a particular area and establish a habitat's biodiversity, the abundance of species and the conditions in which these species live amongst other information. Where species a... | List of environmental sampling techniques | 0.799478 |
82,203 | These constraints have also led to an interest in 100% renewable energy. A well established body of academic literature has been written over the past decade, evaluating scenarios for 100% renewable energy for various geographical areas. In recent years, more detailed analyses have emerged from government and industry ... | 100% renewable energy | 0.799477 |
82,204 | Most commonly associated with the term are assets and facilities for: Shelter; Heating (e.g. natural gas, fuel oil, district heating); Agriculture, food production and distribution; Education, skills development and technology transfer / basic subsistence and unemployment rate statistics; Water supply (drinking water, ... | Critical infrastructure | 0.799477 |
82,205 | These techniques represent a part of the field of chemical biology, in which click chemistry plays a fundamental role by intentionally and specifically coupling modular units to various ends. The term "click chemistry" was coined by K. Barry Sharpless in 1998, and was first fully described by Sharpless, Hartmuth C. Kol... | Click chemistry | 0.799477 |
82,206 | It is most often used to model resonances (unstable particles) in high-energy physics. In this case, E is the center-of-mass energy that produces the resonance, M is the mass of the resonance, and Γ is the resonance width (or decay width), related to its mean lifetime according to τ = 1/Γ. (With units included, the for... | Decay width | 0.799477 |
82,207 | Hydroxylamine or its salts can be produced via several routes but only two are commercially viable. It is also produced naturally as discussed in a section on biochemistry. | NH3O | 0.799476 |
82,208 | In algebraic topology, a branch of mathematics, Moore space is the name given to a particular type of topological space that is the homology analogue of the Eilenberg–Maclane spaces of homotopy theory, in the sense that it has only one nonzero homology (rather than homotopy) group. | Moore space (algebraic topology) | 0.799476 |
82,209 | The topological, piecewise-linear, and smooth categories are all equivalent in three dimensions, so little distinction is made in whether we are dealing with say, topological 3-manifolds, or smooth 3-manifolds. Phenomena in three dimensions can be strikingly different from phenomena in other dimensions, and so there is... | 3-manifold | 0.799476 |
82,210 | Novozymes A/S is a global biotechnology company headquartered in Bagsværd, outside of Copenhagen, Denmark. The company's focus is the research, development and production of industrial enzymes, microorganisms, and biopharmaceutical ingredients. The company has operations around the world, including in China, India, Bra... | Novozymes | 0.799475 |
82,211 | Once this assumption is made, the particle statistics change. The change in entropy in the entropy of mixing example may be viewed as an example of a non-extensive entropy resulting from the distinguishability of the two types of particles being mixed. Quantum particles are either bosons (following instead Bose–Einstei... | Boltzmann statistics | 0.799475 |
82,212 | Based on the Poisson distribution with mean 50, the probability of observing more than 61 significant tests is less than 0.05, so if more than 61 significant results are observed, it is very likely that some of them correspond to situations where the alternative hypothesis holds. A drawback of this approach is that it ... | Multiple testing correction | 0.799475 |
82,213 | Shortly after the discovery of gamma-ray bursts, a general consensus arose within the astronomical community that in order to determine what caused them, they would have to be identified with astronomical objects at other wavelengths, particularly visible light, as this approach had been successfully applied to the fie... | History of gamma-ray burst research | 0.799475 |
82,214 | DIYbio is an informal umbrella organization for individuals and local groups active in do-it-yourself biology, encompassing both a website and an email list. It serves as a network of individuals from around the globe that aims to help make biology a worthwhile pursuit for citizen scientists, biohackers, amateur biolog... | DIYbio (organization) | 0.799474 |
82,215 | Gamma-ray spectroscopy is the qualitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources, such as in the nuclear industry, geochemical investigation, and astrophysics. Gamma-ray spectrometry, on the other hand, is the method used to acquire a quantitative spectrum measurement.Most radioactive sources produce gamma ra... | Gamma spectroscopy | 0.799474 |
82,216 | Determinists sometimes assert that it is stubborn to resist scientifically motivated determinism on purely intuitive grounds about one's own sense of freedom. They reason that the history of the development of science suggests that determinism is the logical method in which reality works. William James said that philos... | Incompatibilism | 0.799474 |
82,217 | The process of auditing an entity in an attempt to detect fraudulent activity requires the repeating of investigatory processes until an error or misstatement may be identified. Under traditional methods, these processes would be carried out by a human being. Proponents of artificial intelligence in fraud detection hav... | Artificial intelligence in fraud detection | 0.799474 |
82,218 | In graph theory, a cop-win graph is an undirected graph on which the pursuer (cop) can always win a pursuit–evasion game against a robber, with the players taking alternating turns in which they can choose to move along an edge of a graph or stay put, until the cop lands on the robber's vertex. Finite cop-win graphs ar... | Cop-win graph | 0.799473 |
82,219 | ZAHB – (celestial object) "zero-age" horizontal branch, horizontal branch stars that have just begun burning helium in their cores and hydrogen in a shell around the cores ZAMS – (celestial object) zero age main sequence, a star that has just become a main-sequence star (i.e. a star that has begun burning hydrogen in i... | Astronomical acronyms | 0.799473 |
82,220 | OpenFHE includes the following features: Post-quantum public-key encryption Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren (BFV) scheme for integer arithmetic with approximate bootstrapping and RNS optimizations Brakerski-Gentry-Vaikuntanathan (BGV) scheme for integer arithmetic with RNS optimizations Che... | OpenFHE | 0.799473 |
82,221 | In 1993, the National Academy of Sciences announced that they would share the Henry Draper Medal, the oldest award of the Academy, for their contributions to astronomical physics. They were recognized "for their insight and skill in developing a physical model of the evolution of the universe and in predicting the exis... | Robert Herman | 0.799473 |
82,222 | Sun's research interests include mathematical economics, analysis and probability theory. | Sun Yeneng | 0.799473 |
82,223 | In mathematics, homotopical algebra is a collection of concepts comprising the nonabelian aspects of homological algebra, and possibly the abelian aspects as special cases. The homotopical nomenclature stems from the fact that a common approach to such generalizations is via abstract homotopy theory, as in nonabelian a... | Homotopic algebra | 0.799473 |
82,224 | The controlled NOT gate is a crucial component for quantum computing, as any quantum gate can be created by a combination of CNOT gates and single-qubit rotations. It is therefore important that a trapped-ion quantum computer can perform this operation by meeting the following three requirements. First, the trapped-ion... | Trapped ion quantum computers | 0.799473 |
82,225 | The initial call of ideas and concepts was launched in 2004 with a subsequent workshop held in Paris to define more fully the themes of the Vision under the broader headings of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Solar System Exploration and Fundamental Physics.By early 2006, the formulation for a 10-year plan based around 4 k... | Cosmic Vision | 0.799473 |
82,226 | In 2003, Oyabu et al. reported the first instance of purely mechanical-based covalent bond-making and bond-breaking, i.e., the first experimental demonstration of true mechanosynthesis—albeit with silicon rather than carbon atoms. In 2005, the first patent application on diamond mechanosynthesis was filed. In 2008, a $... | Mechanosynthesis | 0.799472 |
82,227 | One of the few graph theory papers of Cauchy also proves this result. Via stereographic projection the plane maps to the 2-sphere, such that a connected graph maps to a polygonal decomposition of the sphere, which has Euler characteristic 2. This viewpoint is implicit in Cauchy's proof of Euler's formula given below. | Euler's formula for polyhedra | 0.799471 |
82,228 | A topological group is a group together with a topology with respect to which the group composition and the inversion are continuous. Such a group is called compact, if any cover of G , {\displaystyle G,} which is open in the topology, has a finite subcover. Closed subgroups of a compact group are compact again. Let G ... | Representation theory of finite groups | 0.799471 |
82,229 | There are many other factors not accounted for in the models described above. Mills and Heygster, for instance, show that sea ice ridging may have a significant effect on the signal. In such case, the ice can no longer be modelled using plane-parallel geometry. In addition to ridging, surface scattering from smaller-sc... | Sea ice emissivity modelling | 0.799471 |
82,230 | The C3H molecule provides the dominant pathway to the production of C4H+, and thereby all other CnH (n>3) molecules via the reactions: C3H + C+ → C4+ + H C4+ + H2 → C4H+ + HThese reactions produce the majority of C4H+, which is necessary for the production of higher-order carbon-chain molecules. Compared to the competi... | C3H | 0.799471 |
82,231 | Deuterated methanol (CD3OD), is a form (called an isotopologue) of methanol (CH3OH) in which the hydrogen atom ("H") is replaced with deuterium (heavy hydrogen) isotope ("D"). Deuterated methanol is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy. Deuterated methanol was first detected in interstellar space was Orion-KL in 1... | CD4O | 0.799471 |
82,232 | Calculations of volume and area, one goal of integral calculus, can be found in the Egyptian Moscow papyrus (c. 1820 BC), but the formulae are simple instructions, with no indication as to how they were obtained. | Infinitesimal Calculus | 0.799471 |
82,233 | Cytochromes are redox-active proteins containing a heme, with a central iron (Fe) atom at its core, as a cofactor. They are involved in electron transport chain and redox catalysis. They are classified according to the type of heme and its mode of binding. Four varieties are recognized by the International Union of Bio... | Cytochrome a | 0.79947 |
82,234 | In Argentina, German agents also employed glanders in the port of Buenos Aires and also tried to ruin wheat harvests with a destructive fungus. Also, Germany itself became a victim of similar attacks — horses bound for Germany were infected with Burkholderia by French operatives in Switzerland.The Geneva Protocol of 19... | History of biological warfare | 0.79947 |
82,235 | Magnetoelastic effect can be used in development of force sensors. This effect was used for sensors: in civil engineering. for monitoring of large diesel engines in locomotives. for monitoring of ball valves. for biomedical monitoring.Inverse magnetoelastic effects have to be also considered as a side effect of acciden... | Inverse magnetostrictive effect | 0.79947 |
82,236 | Since English alphabetic characters can be adequately displayed with 12 vertical pixels, the Stereotoner designer had assumed that only 12 photocells would be needed in the camera. However, this assumes perfect alignment between the camera and the printed text, which is never the case with a hand held camera. When the ... | Optacon | 0.79947 |
82,237 | If the firm is a perfect competitor in the goods market but is a monopsonist in the labor market — meaning that it is the only buyer of labor, so the amount it demands influences the wage rate — then its long-run optimization problem is Maximize p Q − w L ( w ) − r K with respect to Q , w , and K {\displaystyle {\text{... | Labor demand | 0.79947 |
82,238 | The axial electrical trapping results in axial oscillations within the trap with the (angular) frequency ω t = q α m , {\displaystyle \omega _{\text{t}}={\sqrt {\frac {q\alpha }{m}}},} where α {\displaystyle \alpha } is a constant similar to the spring constant of a harmonic oscillator and is dependent on applied volta... | Fourier-transform mass spectrometry | 0.799469 |
82,239 | While most robots today are installed in factories or homes, performing labour or life saving jobs, many new types of robot are being developed in laboratories around the world. Much of the research in robotics focuses not on specific industrial tasks, but on investigations into new types of robot, alternative ways to ... | Robot | 0.799469 |
82,240 | Individual examples can be found in the work of Thomas Penyngton Kirkman (1847) and the systematic development of finite projective geometry given by von Staudt (1856). The first axiomatic treatment of finite projective geometry was developed by the Italian mathematician Gino Fano. In his work on proving the independen... | Finite geometry | 0.799469 |
82,241 | The life sciences include sectors in biotechnology and medical devices and equipment. Venture capital investments within biotechnology accounted for $4.5 billion and within medical devices and equipment for $2.7 billion. Venture capital investments have gone toward specific disease. For example, there was venture capit... | Corporate venture capital | 0.799469 |
82,242 | Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment “BIOR” in Riga conducts research in the areas of Environmental Science and Fisheries. BIOR Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Riga. LIAE | List of oceanographic institutions and programs | 0.799469 |
82,243 | In chemistry, a nitrene or imene (R−:Ṅ·) is the nitrogen analogue of a carbene. The nitrogen atom is uncharged and univalent, so it has only 6 electrons in its valence level—two covalent bonded and four non-bonded electrons. It is therefore considered an electrophile due to the unsatisfied octet. A nitrene is a reactiv... | Nitrene | 0.799469 |
82,244 | ISBN 978-0-444-51611-4., several relevant chapters by Hailperin, Valencia, and Grattan-Guinness Badesa, Calixto (2004). "Chapter 1. Algebra of Classes and Propositional Calculus". | Boolean equation | 0.799468 |
82,245 | According to this study, students continue to generate and propagate this stereotype when asked to describe people in computer science. Based on the results of their experiment based on this idea, they took a group of women and men undergraduates and had them read a stereotypical article and a non-stereotypical article... | Gender disparity in computing | 0.799468 |
82,246 | Given a cycle of pairs of lobes, the product of the ratios of the volumes of the lobes in each pair is 1.Routh's theorem gives the area of the triangle formed by three cevians in the case that they are not concurrent. Ceva's theorem can be obtained from it by setting the area equal to zero and solving. The analogue of ... | Ceva's Theorem | 0.799467 |
82,247 | Element AI was an artificial intelligence company based in Montreal, Quebec. It released studies on It was funded by the Government of Canada for CAD$5 million, and raised US$102 million independently, before being acquired by ServiceNow. Many employees were terminated, their stock options cancelled, and its business w... | Element AI | 0.799467 |
82,248 | and Ph.D. in physics, in 1975 and 1980, respectively from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Currently he has a dual appointment at the University of Arizona. | Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations | 0.799466 |
82,249 | Assuming Γ 0 = x {\textstyle \mathbf {\Gamma } _{0}=\mathbf {x} }: In what follows, theoretical guarantees for the uniqueness and stability of this extended model are described. Theorem 1: (Uniqueness of sparse representations) Consider signal x {\textstyle \mathbf {x} } satisfies the (ML-CSC) model for a set of convol... | Convolutional sparse coding | 0.799466 |
82,250 | Common approaches to constructing approximate models based on learning and interpolation from known fitness values of a small population include: Low-degree polynomials and regression models Fourier surrogate modeling Artificial neural networks including Multilayer perceptrons Radial basis function networks Support vec... | Fitness approximation | 0.799466 |
82,251 | Every commutative unital ring R has a so-called real closure rcl(R) and this is unique up to a unique ring homomorphism over R. This means that rcl(R) is a real closed ring and there is a (not necessarily injective) ring homomorphism r: R → r c l ( R ) {\displaystyle r:R\to rcl(R)} such that for every ring homomorphism... | Real closed ring | 0.799466 |
82,252 | Applicants will be requested to answer questions and make a written declaration on the form as a test of ethics. Meet PEO's stipulated academic requirements for licensure. Pass the Professional Practice Examination. Fulfill engineering work experience requirements.Many graduates of Software Engineering programs are una... | Software engineering professionalism | 0.799465 |
82,253 | In biochemistry, NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (Si-specific) (EC 1.6.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction NADPH + NAD+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } NADP+ + NADHThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are NADPH and NAD+, whereas its two products are NADP+ and NADH. This enzyme participates in nicot... | NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase (Si-specific) | 0.799465 |
82,254 | In bioinformatics, the root-mean-square deviation of atomic positions, or simply root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), is the measure of the average distance between the atoms (usually the backbone atoms) of superimposed proteins. Note that RMSD calculation can be applied to other, non-protein molecules, such as small org... | Root-mean-square deviation of atomic positions | 0.799465 |
82,255 | Cooperation in animals appears to occur mostly for direct benefit or between relatives. Spending time and resources assisting a related individual may at first seem destructive to an organism's chances of survival but is actually beneficial over the long-term. Since relatives share part of the helper's genetic make-up,... | Cooperation (evolution) | 0.799465 |
82,256 | The fundamental principle guiding sociobiology is that an organism's evolutionary success is measured by the extent to which its genes are represented in the next generation.The book was generally well-reviewed in biological journals. It received a much more mixed reaction among sociologists, mainly triggered by the br... | Sociobiology: The New Synthesis | 0.799465 |
82,257 | Planar graphs, and other families of sparse graphs, have been discussed above: they have linearly many maximal cliques, of bounded size, that can be listed in linear time. In particular, for planar graphs, any clique can have at most four vertices, by Kuratowski's theorem.Perfect graphs are defined by the properties th... | Clique problem | 0.799464 |
82,258 | The old quantum theory is a collection of results from the years 1900–1925 which predate modern quantum mechanics. The theory was never complete or self-consistent, but was rather a set of heuristic corrections to classical mechanics. The theory is now understood as the semi-classical approximation to modern quantum me... | Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization | 0.799464 |
82,259 | CaRMetal can also use the JavaScript objects like arrays, useful to make statistics on geometric figures; date object, useful to measure time; String and RegExp objects, which make it easy to implement L-systems; General JavaScript objects can be used to create new geometric objects like complex numbers, matrices etc. ... | CaRMetal | 0.799464 |
82,260 | There are analytical techniques that can be used to determine the post-mortem interval: Forensic entomology: insect (especially blowfly) activity on the corpse. Forensic botany: Plant and soil effects on the process of decomposition. Forensic pathology: Cause of death determination and subsequent postmortem changes Ocu... | Post mortem interval | 0.799463 |
82,261 | Before doing the backtesting or optimization, one needs to set up the data required which is the historical data of a specific time period. This historical data segment is divided into the following two types: In-Sample Data: It is a past segment of market data (historical data) reserved for testing purposes. This data... | Walk forward optimization | 0.799463 |
82,262 | WebElements Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8. | Indium(III) sulfide | 0.799463 |
82,263 | Being a branch of nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanoionics is unambiguously defined by its own objects (nanostructures with FIT), subject matter (properties, phenomena, effects, mechanisms of processes, and applications connected with FIT at nano-scale), method (interface design in nanosystems of superionic conductor... | Nanoionic supercapacitor | 0.799463 |
82,264 | Einstein stressed the importance of Broglie's work both explicitly and by building further on it. In 1925, Austrian-born physicist Wolfgang Pauli developed the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two electrons around a single nucleus in an atom can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously, as described ... | History of chemistry | 0.799463 |
82,265 | The Kjeldahl method or Kjeldahl digestion (Danish pronunciation: ) in analytical chemistry is a method for the quantitative determination of nitrogen contained in organic substances plus the nitrogen contained in the inorganic compounds ammonia and ammonium (NH3/NH4+). Without modification, other forms of inorganic nit... | Kjeldahl nitrogen | 0.799462 |
82,266 | The Community Z Tools (CZT) initiative is based around a SourceForge project to build a set of tools for the Z notation, a formal method useful in software engineering. Tools include support for editing, typechecking and animating Z specifications. There is some support for extensions such as Object-Z and TCOZ. The too... | Community Z Tools | 0.799462 |
82,267 | The equipartition theorem can be used to derive the Brownian motion of a particle from the Langevin equation. According to that equation, the motion of a particle of mass m with velocity v is governed by Newton's second law d v d t = 1 m F = − v τ + 1 m F r n d , {\displaystyle {\frac {d\mathbf {v} }{dt}}={\frac {1}{m}... | Equipartion theorem | 0.799462 |
82,268 | Die shrink has been more or less continuous since around 1970. A few years later, the 6 μm process allowed the making of desktop computers, known as microcomputers. Moore's Law in the next 40 years brought features 1/100th the size, or ten thousand times as many transistors per square millimeter, putting smartphones in... | Nanocomputer | 0.799462 |
82,269 | The Einstein equations express local relationships between the quantities involved—specifically, this is a system of coupled non-linear second order partial differential equations. A very simple observation can be made at this point: the zero-point of energy-momentum is not arbitrary. Adding a "constant" to the right-h... | Quantum inequalities | 0.799462 |
82,270 | This argument is also echoed in O'Neill (2014). In this work O'Neill argues that a unidirectional "Bayesian Shift" is an impossibility within the standard formulation of probability theory and is contradictory to the rules of probability. As with Pisaturo, he argues that the doomsday argument conflates future duration ... | Doomsday argument | 0.799462 |
82,271 | Suppose that V {\displaystyle {\mathcal {V}}} is a variety of algebras. The following are equivalent: Such a term is called a Maltsev term and congruence-permutable varieties are also known as Maltsev varieties in his honor. : 122 | Congruence permutable | 0.799462 |
82,272 | In applied mathematics, the Hough functions are the eigenfunctions of Laplace's tidal equations which govern fluid motion on a rotating sphere. As such, they are relevant in geophysics and meteorology where they form part of the solutions for atmospheric and ocean waves. These functions are named in honour of Sydney Sa... | Hough functions | 0.799462 |
82,273 | For compounds with the formula MX6, the chief alternative to octahedral geometry is a trigonal prismatic geometry, which has symmetry D3h. In this geometry, the six ligands are also equivalent. There are also distorted trigonal prisms, with C3v symmetry; a prominent example is W(CH3)6. The interconversion of Δ- and Λ-c... | Trigonal prismatic geometry | 0.799461 |
82,274 | Before the developments in organic chemistry nomenclature, acetone was given many different names since the 17th century. The names include spirit of Saturn, which was given when it was thought to be a compound of lead, and later pyro-acetic spirit and pyro-acetic ester.Prior to the "acetone" name given by Antoine Buss... | Acetone | 0.799461 |
82,275 | A finitely generated module over a commutative local ring is free if and only if it is faithfully flat. Also, Kaplansky's theorem states a projective module over a (possibly non-commutative) local ring is free. | Free vector space | 0.799461 |
82,276 | Nonetheless, the center of gravity of figures was studied extensively in Antiquity; Bossut credits Archimedes (287–212 BCE) with being the first to find the centroid of plane figures, although he never defines it. A treatment of centroids of solids by Archimedes has been lost.It is unlikely that Archimedes learned the ... | Geometric center | 0.799461 |
82,277 | Neither the prior probabilities nor the probability distribution of the test statistic under the alternative hypothesis are often available in the social sciences.Advocates of a Bayesian approach sometimes claim that the goal of a researcher is most often to objectively assess the probability that a hypothesis is true ... | Statistical test | 0.799461 |
82,278 | Shinichiro Tomonaga (朝永 振一郎, Tomonaga Shin'ichirō, March 31, 1906 – July 8, 1979), usually cited as Sin-Itiro Tomonaga in English, was a Japanese physicist, influential in the development of quantum electrodynamics, work for which he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 along with Richard Feynman and ... | Shin'ichirō Tomonaga | 0.799461 |
82,279 | The Navier–Stokes equations are useful because they describe the physics of many phenomena of scientific and engineering interest. They may be used to model the weather, ocean currents, water flow in a pipe and air flow around a wing. The Navier–Stokes equations, in their full and simplified forms, help with the design... | Convective acceleration | 0.799461 |
82,280 | The total value of research grants to university faculty for fiscal year 2007–2008 totaled $48.5 million, an increase of more than twenty-two percent over the grants from the previous year. The university currently offers eight PhD programs: Imaging science, Microsystems Engineering, Computing and Information Sciences,... | Rochester Institute of Technology | 0.799461 |
82,281 | In graph theory, an n-dimensional De Bruijn graph of m symbols is a directed graph representing overlaps between sequences of symbols. It has mn vertices, consisting of all possible length-n sequences of the given symbols; the same symbol may appear multiple times in a sequence. For a set of m symbols S = {s1, …, sm}, ... | De Bruijn graph | 0.799461 |
82,282 | Nemhauser's research concerns large mixed integer programming problems and their applications. He is one of the co-inventors of the branch and price method for solving integer linear programs. He also contributed important early studies of approximation algorithms for facility location problems and for submodular optim... | George Nemhauser | 0.79946 |
82,283 | In 1955, Coran received a Master of Science Degree from the St. Louis College of Pharmacy. He completed a doctorate degree in physical chemistry in 1992, at University of Haute-Alsace. | Aubert Y. Coran | 0.79946 |
82,284 | They are used to tag the targeted cells in order to capture them inside the column. The column is placed between permanent magnets so that when the magnetic particle-cell complex passes through it, the tagged cells can be captured. The column consists of steel wool which increases the magnetic field gradient to maximiz... | Magnetic-activated cell sorting | 0.79946 |
82,285 | Each of Newton's identities can easily be checked by elementary algebra; however, their validity in general needs a proof. Here are some possible derivations. | Newton identities | 0.79946 |
82,286 | More precisely, if one selects a basis { e a } {\displaystyle \{e_{a}\}} for the (complexified) Clifford algebra C l p , q ( C ) ≅ C l C ( p , q ) {\displaystyle \mathrm {Cl} _{p,q}(\mathbb {C} )\cong \mathrm {Cl} ^{\mathbb {C} }(p,q)} , then the gamma group generated by { Γ a } {\displaystyle \{\Gamma _{a}\}} is isomo... | Higher-dimensional gamma matrices | 0.79946 |
82,287 | See the examples for some specific comparisons. The recently introduced distance standard deviation plays similar role to the mean absolute difference but the distance standard deviation works with centered distances. See also E-statistics. | Mean absolute difference | 0.799459 |
82,288 | in physics from Yale University in 1982. He has been a faculty member at the Indiana University in Bloomington since joining there in 1985.In 1989, Kostelecký and his colleagues demonstrated the existence of an anisotropy in string theory models, and proposed a new version of the Standard Model of particle physics, cal... | Alan Kostelecky | 0.799459 |
82,289 | In particular, the function log(x)χ[0,∞) is a function that is in dyadic BMO but not in BMO. However, if a function f is such that ||f(•−x)||BMOd ≤ C for all x in Rn for some C > 0, then by the one-third trick f is also in BMO. In the case of BMO on Tn instead of Rn, a function f is such that ||f(•−x)||BMOd ≤ C for n+1... | Bounded mean oscillation | 0.799459 |
82,290 | In any given set of possible universes – e.g. in terms of histories or variables of nature – not all may be ever realized, and some may be realized many times. For example, over infinite time there could, in some potential theories, be infinite universes, but only a small or relatively small real number of universes wh... | Interdimensional travel | 0.799459 |
82,291 | The system allowed regular workers to communicate with the system and avoid mistakes, miscalculations, or having to speak to one of the specialized workers. Speech recognition allows traffic controllers to give verbal directions to drones. Artificial intelligence supported design of aircraft, or AIDA, is used to help d... | Applications of artificial intelligence | 0.799459 |
82,292 | Awards Fellow of the American Physical Society (1941) Member of the United States National Academy of Sciences (1952) Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1953) Henry Norris Russell Lectureship (1953) Member of the American Philosophical Society (1959) Bruce Medal (1973) Henry Draper Medal of the Nation... | Lyman Spitzer | 0.799459 |
82,293 | watch glass A circular, concave piece of glass commonly used in chemistry laboratories as a working surface for various purposes, such as evaporating liquids, holding solids while they are being weighed, heating small amounts of a substance, or as a cover for a beaker. water A polar inorganic compound with the chemical... | Glossary of chemistry terms | 0.799459 |
82,294 | Performing situational awareness and communicating is one of four primary MBT functions. For situational awareness, the crew can use a circular review system combining augmented reality and artificial Intelligence technologies. These systems use several externally mounted video sensors to transfer a 360º view of the ta... | Battle tank | 0.799459 |
82,295 | (For a factor A with two levels, scaled so that low = -1 and high = +1, the effect of A has a mean-unbiased estimator that is evaluated by subtracting the average observed response when A is -1 from the average observed response when A = +1 and dividing the result by 2; division by 2 is needed because the -1 level is 2... | Glossary of experimental design | 0.799458 |
82,296 | In 1924, physicists Walther Bothe and Hans Geiger used the coincidence method to probe the Compton scattering of gamma rays and x-rays, a phenomenon whose quantum mechanical nature (see particle-wave duality) with regard to energy conservation was ambiguous at the time. Bothe and Geiger constructed the first significan... | Coincidence method | 0.799458 |
82,297 | Model-based definition (MBD) is a method of product specification using elements within 3D models as defined by ASME Y14.41-2012. ASME Y14.41-2012 is based upon ASME Y14.5-2009 symbols and definition methods, such as Geometry Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). Subscribers of International Organization for Standardiza... | CAD standards | 0.799458 |
82,298 | Prior to the HMP launch, it was often reported in popular media and scientific literature that there are about 10 times as many microbial cells and 100 times as many microbial genes in the human body as there are human cells; this figure was based on estimates that the human microbiome includes around 100 trillion bact... | Human Microbiome Project | 0.799458 |
82,299 | The psychology of reasoning (also known as the cognitive science of reasoning) is the study of how people reason, often broadly defined as the process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve problems and make decisions. It overlaps with psychology, philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, artificial intell... | Psychology of reasoning | 0.799458 |
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