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82,100 | Showing this rigorously requires more care, however, due to the existence of space-filling curves.This result generalizes to higher dimensions. All mappings from a lower-dimensional sphere into a sphere of higher dimension are similarly trivial: if i < n, then πi(Sn) = 0. This can be shown as a consequence of the cellu... | Homotopy groups of spheres | 0.799499 |
82,101 | There are many different ways to use the term "gene" based on different aspects of their inheritance, selection, biological function, or molecular structure but most of these definitions fall into two categories, the Mendelian gene or the molecular gene.The Mendelian gene is the classical gene of genetics and it refers... | Expressed gene | 0.799498 |
82,102 | Other recurring subjects include cryptography and the effects of technically ill-considered public policies. RISKS also publishes announcements and Calls for Papers from various technical conferences, and technical book reviews (usually by Rob Slade, though occasionally by others). | RISKS Digest | 0.799498 |
82,103 | Pure and Applied Chemistry is the official journal for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It is published monthly by Walter de Gruyter and contains recommendations and reports, and lectures from symposia. == References == | Pure and Applied Chemistry | 0.799498 |
82,104 | In four-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the 16-cell honeycomb is one of the three regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs), represented by Schläfli symbol {3,3,4,3}, and constructed by a 4-dimensional packing of 16-cell facets, three around every face. Its dual is the 24-cell honeycomb. Its vertex figure is ... | 16-cell honeycomb | 0.799498 |
82,105 | v = u ^ u ^ v = u ^ ( u ^ ⋅ v + u ^ ∧ v ) {\displaystyle v={\hat {u}}{\hat {u}}v={\hat {u}}({\hat {u}}\cdot v+{\hat {u}}\wedge v)} With this approach, the original geometrical consideration is not necessarily obvious, but it is a much quicker way to get at the same algebraic result. However, the hint that one can work ... | Comparison of vector algebra and geometric algebra | 0.799497 |
82,106 | Large, shallow coastal embayments can hold salt marshes with examples including Morecambe Bay and Portsmouth in Britain and the Bay of Fundy in North America.Salt marshes are sometimes included in lagoons, and the difference is not very marked; the Venetian Lagoon in Italy, for example, is made up of these sorts of ani... | Salt marsh | 0.799497 |
82,107 | The primary goal, which is pursued in several distinct ways, is to find and understand what physics may lie beyond the standard model. There are several powerful experimental reasons to expect new physics, including dark matter and neutrino mass. There are also theoretical hints that this new physics should be found at... | Particle theory | 0.799497 |
82,108 | However, the isotopic abundance of helium varies greatly depending on its origin. In the Local Interstellar Cloud, the proportion of 3He to 4He is 1.62(29)×10−4, which is 121(22) times higher than that of atmospheric helium. Rocks from the Earth's crust have isotope ratios varying by as much as a factor of ten; this is... | Helium-6 | 0.799496 |
82,109 | This scheme relies on two properties of quantum entanglement: The entangled states are perfectly correlated which means that if Alice and Bob both measure their particles having either a vertical or horizontal polarization, they always get the same answer with 100% probability. The same is true if they both measure any... | Quantum information theory | 0.799496 |
82,110 | The Informatics Europe Job Platform lists open scientific positions in Informatics (Computer Science, Computing, Computer Engineering, IT, ICT) and closely related fields and includes positions requiring a PhD degree or higher (e.g.: scientific researcher, post-doc, professor, etc.). | Informatics Europe | 0.799496 |
82,111 | Dually, colimits in Top are obtained by placing the final topology on the corresponding colimits in Set. Unlike many algebraic categories, the forgetful functor U: Top → Set does not create or reflect limits since there will typically be non-universal cones in Top covering universal cones in Set. Examples of limits and... | Categorical topology | 0.799496 |
82,112 | Therefore geometric spanners are graph spanners of complete graphs embedded in the plane with edge weights equal to the distances between the embedded vertices in the corresponding metric. Spanners may be used in computational geometry for solving some proximity problems. They have also found applications in other area... | Geometric spanner | 0.799495 |
82,113 | The United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) is a community Chemistry-Aerosol-Climate model which are research runs of the Met Office's operational Unified Model. It runs within the Hadley Centre example with multiple flavours of varying horizontal resolutions and vertical layers. It is a collaboration of the Met O... | United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols model | 0.799495 |
82,114 | Hamming attempted to rectify the situation with a new text, Methods of Mathematics Applied to Calculus, Probability, and Statistics (1985). In 1993, he remarked that "when I left BTL, I knew that that was the end of my scientific career. | Richard Hamming | 0.799495 |
82,115 | The reason is that N differs from q + 1, the number of points of the projective line over the same field, by an 'error term' that is the sum of two complex numbers, each of absolute value q . {\displaystyle {\sqrt {q}}.} This result had originally been conjectured by Emil Artin in his thesis. It was proven by Hasse in ... | Hasse's theorem on elliptic curves | 0.799495 |
82,116 | Linear geometries are incidence structures in which any two distinct points x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} are joined by a unique line x y {\displaystyle xy} . Such geometries are called topological if x y {\displaystyle xy} depends continuously on the pair ( x , y ) {\displaystyle (x,y)} with respect to g... | Topological geometry | 0.799495 |
82,117 | The training is intended to enhance the basic competencies of teachers and develop higher-level skills and expertise, primarily in Information and communication technologies in education (ICT), maths and physics areas. These sessions are financed through European Commission Comenius national Agencies (Comenius programm... | Global Hands-On Universe | 0.799494 |
82,118 | The principle of distributivity states that the algebraic distributive law is valid, where both logical conjunction and logical disjunction are distributive over each other so that for any propositions A, B and C the equivalences A ∧ ( B ∨ C ) ⟺ ( A ∧ B ) ∨ ( A ∧ C ) {\displaystyle A\land (B\lor C)\iff (A\land B)\lor (... | Principle of distributivity | 0.799494 |
82,119 | Dieter Kotschick (born 1963) is a German mathematician, specializing in differential geometry and topology. | Dieter Kotschick | 0.799494 |
82,120 | Entirely new approaches for computing exploit the laws of quantum mechanics for novel quantum computers, which enable the use of fast quantum algorithms. The Quantum computer has quantum bit memory space termed "Qubit" for several computations at the same time. In nanoelectronic devices, the qubit is encoded by the qua... | Bio-nano generator | 0.799493 |
82,121 | It is an old and intriguing idea, but one for which no proof has been found. Based on numerical analysis of data, he reaches his conclusion (in "A History of Measures"): I have solved the inner rationale of ancient and medieval units of length, and by implication, of all units of measure, by discovering two facts: a) t... | Livio Catullo Stecchini | 0.799493 |
82,122 | The Creutz–Taube ion is the metal complex with the formula {2(C4H4N2)}5+. This cationic species has been heavily studied in an effort to understand the intimate details of inner sphere electron transfer, that is, how electrons move from one metal complex to another. The ion is named after Carol Creutz, who first prepar... | Creutz–Taube complex | 0.799493 |
82,123 | Polynomial rings in several variables over a field are fundamental in invariant theory and algebraic geometry. Some of their properties, such as those described above can be reduced to the case of a single indeterminate, but this is not always the case. In particular, because of the geometric applications, many interes... | Polynomial algebra | 0.799493 |
82,124 | Although the Chinese Room argument was originally presented in reaction to the statements of artificial intelligence researchers, philosophers have come to consider it as an important part of the philosophy of mind. It is a challenge to functionalism and the computational theory of mind, and is related to such question... | Chinese room | 0.799493 |
82,125 | The main applications of interpolation inequalities lie in fields of study, such as partial differential equations, where various function spaces are used. An important example are the Sobolev spaces, consisting of functions whose weak derivatives up to some (not necessarily integer) order lie in Lp spaces for some p. ... | Interpolation inequality | 0.799493 |
82,126 | Space pharmacology is the application of biomedical engineering that studies the use and dynamics of drugs or pharmaceuticals in space environments. Falling in the realm of space medicine, outer space drug delivery is the practical application of using drugs to treat disorders that may arise due to space’s extreme cond... | Space pharmacology | 0.799492 |
82,127 | Models with nonlocal symmetries whose charges do not act on multiparticle states as if they were a tensor product of one-particle states, evade the theorem. Such an evasion is found more generally for quantum group symmetries which avoid the theorem because the corresponding algebra is no longer a Lie algebra. | Coleman–Mandula theorem | 0.799492 |
82,128 | The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) is a set of software tools and applications used to develop and implement distributed control systems to operate devices such as particle accelerators, telescopes and other large scientific facilities. The tools are designed to help develop systems which of... | EPICS | 0.799492 |
82,129 | A field is a commutative ring in which there are no nontrivial proper ideals, so that any field is a Dedekind domain, however in a rather vacuous way. Some authors add the requirement that a Dedekind domain not be a field. Many more authors state theorems for Dedekind domains with the implicit proviso that they may req... | Dedekind ring | 0.799491 |
82,130 | In morse code, the letter P coded ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ and the letter R coded ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ are individually symmetrical, like many other letters and numbers. Also, the letter G coded ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ is the exact reverse of the letter W coded ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ . Thus, the combination ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ▄ / ▄ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ coding the pairing G/W constitutes a natur... | Ambigram | 0.799491 |
82,131 | He made considerable progress in the technique of detecting their ingredients, a process which he designated by the term "analysis". He further supposed that the elements were ultimately composed of particles of various sorts and sizes, into which, however, they were not to be resolved in any known way. He studied the ... | Robert Boyle | 0.799491 |
82,132 | The contest, which awards prizes of up to $4,000, has been won by at least six people who later won the Nobel Prize in physics. The foundation held conferences and conducted operations in New Boston, New Hampshire through the late 1960s, but that aspect of its operation ended following Babson's death in 1967. It is men... | Gravity Research Foundation | 0.79949 |
82,133 | The Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence (ICAI) is a Dutch national network focused on joint technology development between academia, industry and government in the area of artificial intelligence. The initiative was launched in April 2018 and is based at Amsterdam Science Park. Current director of the ICAI is... | Innovation Center for Artificial Intelligence | 0.79949 |
82,134 | The most prevalent geometry is hyperbolic geometry. Using a geometry in addition to special surfaces is often fruitful. The fundamental groups of 3-manifolds strongly reflect the geometric and topological information belonging to a 3-manifold. Thus, there is an interplay between group theory and topological methods. | 3-manifold | 0.79949 |
82,135 | Protein adsorption is influenced by the nature and geometry of domains including hydrophobicity, polar and ionic interactions of the material and surrounding particles, charge distribution, kinetic movement, and pH. Phagocytosis of bacteria and other particles is mainly affected by surface charge, hydrophobicity, and c... | Surface Chemistry of Neural Implants | 0.79949 |
82,136 | The Miles and Misra Method (or surface viable count) is a technique used in Microbiology to determine the number of colony forming units in a bacterial suspension or homogenate. The technique was first described in 1938 by Miles, Misra and Irwin who at the time were working at the LSHTM. The Miles and Misra method has ... | Miles and Misra method | 0.79949 |
82,137 | (2007). Biological Physics (Updated ed.). W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-9897-2. | List of important publications in physics | 0.799489 |
82,138 | 1898: Book Review: “La Mathematique; philosophie et enseignement” by C.A. Laissant in Science 8: 51–3. 1899 The Pythagorean Theorem from Science 34: 181,2. | Alexander Macfarlane | 0.799489 |
82,139 | Nelson Max is a distinguished professor of computer science at the University of California at Davis. He received his Ph.D. in Mathematics from Harvard University in 1967, advised by Herman Gluck. His research interests include scientific visualization, computer animation, photorealistic computer graphics rendering, mu... | Nelson Max | 0.799489 |
82,140 | This text also lists trigonometry and mathematical formulae to support its theory of orbits, predict planetary positions and calculate relative mean positions of celestial nodes and apsides. The text is notable for presenting very large integers, such as 4.32 billion years as the lifetime of the current universe.The an... | Hindu zodiac | 0.799489 |
82,141 | In order for any transformation to take place, the microstructure of the metal must be austenite structure. The exact boundaries of the austenite phase region depend on the chemistry of the alloy being heat treated. However, austenitizing temperatures are typically between 790 and 915°C (1455 to 1680°F). The amount of ... | Austempering | 0.799489 |
82,142 | In the spring of 2000, she and two-thirds of the editorial board of the Kluwer-owned journal Machine Learning resigned in protest to its pay-to-access archives with simultaneously limited financial compensation for authors. Kaelbling co-founded and served as the first editor-in-chief of the Journal of Machine Learning ... | Leslie P. Kaelbling | 0.799489 |
82,143 | Brian Cabell White is an American mathematician who specializes in differential geometry and geometric measure theory. He is a professor of mathematics and former chair of the mathematics department at Stanford University. He played a key role in the solution of the double bubble conjecture, that the minimum-area enclo... | Brian White (mathematician) | 0.799489 |
82,144 | Jason S. Lewis was born and raised in Horndean, Hampshire, England. Lewis received his Bachelor of Science in chemistry, B.Sc. from the University of Essex in 1992. He received his Master of Science in chemistry from the University of Essex in 1993. In 1996, he received his Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry at the U... | Jason S. Lewis | 0.799489 |
82,145 | In medicinal chemistry, the term "contamination" is used to describe harmful intrusions, such as the presence of toxins or pathogens in pharmaceutical drugs.The following list encompasses notable medicine contamination and adulteration incidents. 1937 Elixir sulfanilamide incident: S. E. Massengill Company used diethyl... | List of medicine contamination incidents | 0.799489 |
82,146 | A large part of analytic number theory deals with multiplicative problems, and so most of its texts contain sections on multiplicative number theory. These are some well-known texts that deal specifically with multiplicative problems: Davenport, Harold (2000). Multiplicative Number Theory (3rd ed.). Berlin: Springer. | Multiplicative number theory | 0.799489 |
82,147 | Wigs et al. once again warns us that inference of functional brain region communities is difficult under ICA. ICA also has the issue of imposing orthogonality on the data.Graph theory uses a matrix to characterize covariance between regions, which is then transformed into a network map. The problem with graph theory an... | Neurophilosophy | 0.799489 |
82,148 | {\displaystyle X.} The seminorms p {\displaystyle p} and q {\displaystyle q} are called equivalent if they are both weaker (or both stronger) than each other. This happens if they satisfy any of the following conditions: The topology on X {\displaystyle X} induced by q {\displaystyle q} is the same as the topology indu... | Seminormed space | 0.799489 |
82,149 | WCD allows to simplify yield problems, but it is not the only way to do this. A simpler way is not to find the margin in terms of sigma in the space of statistical variables, but just to evaluate the performance margin(s) itself (like the Cpk does). The worst-case performance margin WPM is much easier to obtain, but he... | Worst-case distance | 0.799488 |
82,150 | DeDeo, Simon; Introduction to Renormalization (2017). Santa Fe Institute Complexity Explorer MOOC. Renormalization from a complex systems point of view, including Markov Chains, Cellular Automata, the real space Ising model, the Krohn-Rhodes Theorem, QED, and rate distortion theory. Delamotte, Bertrand (2004). | Renormalization | 0.799488 |
82,151 | Individuals of Maori or other Polynesian descent are often afforded improved access to university courses, or have scholarships earmarked specifically for them. Such access to University courses have in the past faced criticism, particularly at the University of Auckland due to a phenomenon known as Mismatch theory, ac... | Affirmative action | 0.799488 |
82,152 | ITO can be used in nanotechnology to provide a path to a new generation of solar cells. Solar cells made with these devices have the potential to provide low-cost, ultra-lightweight, and flexible cells with a wide range of applications. Because of the nanoscale dimensions of the nanorods, quantum-size effects influence... | Indium tin oxide | 0.799488 |
82,153 | In 1972, A.I. Fet was employed as a senior researcher at the theoretical physics laboratory of the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry thanks to its director A. V. Nikolayev. During the subsequent ten years, A.I. | Abram Ilyich Fet | 0.799487 |
82,154 | Popper's experiment is an experiment proposed by the philosopher Karl Popper to test aspects of the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics. | Popper's experiment | 0.799487 |
82,155 | Roughly speaking, F4 algorithm solves 3. by replacing many S-polynomial reductions by the row reduction of a single large matrix for which advanced methods of linear algebra can be used. This solves partially issue 4., as reductions to zero in Buchberger's algorithm correspond to relations between rows of the matrix to... | Gröbner base | 0.799487 |
82,156 | In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-5-3 pentagonal honeycomb or 5,5,3 honeycomb a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb). Each infinite cell consists of an order-5 pentagonal tiling whose vertices lie on a 2-hypercycle, each of which has a limiting circle on the ideal sphere. The Schläfli symbol... | Order-5-3 pentagonal honeycomb | 0.799487 |
82,157 | One might be tempted to conjecture that an analog of Theorem 2 holds for graphs H other than K5. Perhaps it is true that: for any non-planar graph H, there exists a positive integer k such that every H-free graph can be obtained via k-clique-sums from a list of graphs, each of which either has at most k vertices or emb... | Graph structure theorem | 0.799487 |
82,158 | Construction costs is a concept in biology that conveys how much glucose is required to construct a unit of plant biomass, given the biosynthetic pathways and starting from glucose and mineral constituents. It includes the sugars required to provide the carbon skeletons for the formation of e.g. lipids, lignin and prot... | Construction costs (biology) | 0.799487 |
82,159 | Kruskal and Zabusky follow up the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam–Tsingou problem with further numerical experiments, and coin the term "soliton". Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture formulated through investigations on a computer. Grobner bases and Buchberger's algorithm invented for algebra Frenchman Verlet (re)discovers a numeric... | Timeline of computational mathematics | 0.799486 |
82,160 | A is the Jordan algebra of n × n symmetric complex matrices Sn(C) with the operator Jordan product x ∘ y = 1/2(xy + yx). It is the complexification of E = Hn(R), the Euclidean Jordan algebra of n × n symmetric real matrices. On C2n = Cn ⊕ Cn, define a nondegenerate alternating bilinear form by ω(x1 ⊕ y1, x2 ⊕ y2) = x1 ... | Mutation (Jordan algebra) | 0.799486 |
82,161 | In 1897, Holt was a member of the fourth graduating class of the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (now New Mexico State University) having completed the Mining Engineering course. He earned degrees in Geology and Mineralogy. His senior thesis was entitled "The Potassium Cyanide Method of the Determin... | Elgin Bryce Holt | 0.799486 |
82,162 | If a sphere is deformed, it does not remain a sphere, proving that a sphere is rigid. A standard proof uses Hilbert's lemma that non-umbilical points of extreme principal curvature have non-positive Gaussian curvature. Hilbert's theorem (1901) states that there exists no complete analytic (class Cω) regular surface in ... | Liebmann's theorem | 0.799486 |
82,163 | Suppliers of mixtures of substances which contain more than 0.1% by weight of any SVHC must provide their customers with a safety data sheet on request. Manufacturers or importers of articles containing more than 0.1% by weight of any SVHC must provide their customers, and consumers on request, with adequate informatio... | Substance of very high concern | 0.799485 |
82,164 | In chemistry, an enantiomer (/ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/ ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər; from Ancient Greek ἐνάντιος (enántios) 'opposite', and μέρος (méros) 'part') – also called optical isomer, antipode, or optical antipode – is one of two stereoisomers that are non-superposable onto their own mirror image. Enantiomers are much like ... | Chiral amplification | 0.799485 |
82,165 | Spectrochemistry is the application of spectroscopy in several fields of chemistry. It includes analysis of spectra in chemical terms, and use of spectra to derive the structure of chemical compounds, and also to qualitatively and quantitively analyze their presence in the sample. It is a method of chemical analysis th... | Spectrochemistry | 0.799485 |
82,166 | B. L. Keyfitz, 'Hold that Light! Modeling of Traffic Flow by Differential Equations',in Six Themes on Variations, (R. Hardt and R. Forman, eds), American Mathematical Society, 2005. | Barbara Keyfitz | 0.799485 |
82,167 | Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in the underlying DNA sequence but cause the organism's genes to behave (or "express themselves") differently. One example of epigenetic change is the marking of the genes by DNA methylation which determines whether they ... | Botany | 0.799485 |
82,168 | The basic structural unit of the neural network is connectivity of one neuron to another via an active junction, called synapse. Neurons of widely divergent characteristics are connected to each other via synapses, whose characteristics are also of diverse chemical and electrical properties. In presenting a comprehensi... | Nervous system network models | 0.799485 |
82,169 | In 1959, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classified monosodium glutamate as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). This action stemmed from the 1958 Food Additives Amendment to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act that required premarket approval for new food additives and led the FDA to promulgate regula... | Glutamic acid (flavor) | 0.799485 |
82,170 | The study of molecular knots involves the formation and applications of both naturally occurring and chemically synthesized molecular knots. Applying chemical topology and knot theory to molecular knots allows biologists to better understand the structures and synthesis of knotted organic molecules.The term knotane was... | Molecular knot | 0.799484 |
82,171 | Rather than formulating these definitions for (proper) classes of ordinals, one can formulate them for sets of ordinals below a given ordinal α {\displaystyle \alpha }: A subset of a limit ordinal α {\displaystyle \alpha } is said to be unbounded (or cofinal) under α {\displaystyle \alpha } provided any ordinal less th... | Omega (ordinal) | 0.799484 |
82,172 | These ancient transcendental functions became known as continuous functions through quadrature of the rectangular hyperbola xy = 1 by Grégoire de Saint-Vincent in 1647, two millennia after Archimedes had produced The Quadrature of the Parabola. The area under the hyperbola was shown to have the scaling property of cons... | Transcendental function | 0.799484 |
82,173 | Brain mapping is the study of the anatomy and function of the brain and spinal cord through the use of imaging (including intra-operative, microscopic, endoscopic and multi-modality imaging), immunohistochemistry, molecular & optogenetics, stem cell and cellular biology, engineering (material, electrical and biomedical... | Brain mapping | 0.799484 |
82,174 | An Erdős–Diophantine graph is an object in the mathematical subject of Diophantine equations consisting of a set of integer points at integer distances in the plane that cannot be extended by any additional points. Equivalently, in geometric graph theory, it can be described as a complete graph with vertices located on... | Erdős–Diophantine graph | 0.799484 |
82,175 | It is a dibasic acid, with pKas of 2.89 and 5.51. The monopotassium salt, potassium hydrogen phthalate is a standard acid in analytical chemistry. Typically phthalate esters are prepared from the widely available phthalic anhydride. Reduction of phthalic acid with sodium amalgam in the presence of water gives the 1,3-c... | Phthalic acids | 0.799484 |
82,176 | Enceladus Life FinderEnceladus Life Finder (ELF) is a proposed astrobiology mission concept for a space probe intended to assess the habitability of the internal aquatic ocean of Enceladus, Saturn's sixth-largest moon. Life Investigation For EnceladusLife Investigation For Enceladus (LIFE) is a proposed astrobiology sa... | Space biology | 0.799484 |
82,177 | There is currently much work to determine what the coherence laws for weak n-categories should be. Weak n-categories have become the main object of study in higher category theory. There are basically two classes of theories: those in which the higher cells and higher compositions are realized algebraically (most remar... | Weak n-category | 0.799483 |
82,178 | In mathematics, the Lions–Lax–Milgram theorem (or simply Lions's theorem) is a result in functional analysis with applications in the study of partial differential equations. It is a generalization of the famous Lax–Milgram theorem, which gives conditions under which a bilinear function can be "inverted" to show the ex... | Lions–Lax–Milgram theorem | 0.799483 |
82,179 | To start with the geometry, the Bombieri scalar product for homogeneous polynomials with N variables can be defined as follows using multi-index notation: by definition different monomials are orthogonal, so that if α ≠ β , {\displaystyle \alpha \neq \beta ,} while by definition In the above definition and in the rest ... | Bombieri norm | 0.799483 |
82,180 | Bill Russell (1951) created a landmark in the field of mouse genetics by creating a specifically designed mouse strain, the T (test) stock that was used in genetic screens for testing mutagens such as radiations and chemicals. The T-stock mouse harbors 7 recessive, viable mutations affecting easily recognizable traits.... | ENU | 0.799483 |
82,181 | Superconductors can be divided into two classes according to how this breakdown occurs. In Type I superconductors, superconductivity is abruptly destroyed when the strength of the applied field rises above a critical value Hc. Depending on the geometry of the sample, one may obtain an intermediate state consisting of a... | Superconductivity | 0.799482 |
82,182 | The first deep learning models that emerged focused on extracting the 2D positions of human joints in an image. Such models take in an image and pass it through a convolutional neural network to obtain a series of heatmaps (one for each joint) which take on high values where joints are detected.When there are multiple ... | Articulated body pose estimation | 0.799482 |
82,183 | CP combines parity P (switching left to right) with charge conjugation C (switching particles with antiparticles). Physicists were again surprised when in 1964, James Cronin and Val Fitch provided clear evidence in kaon decays that CP symmetry could be broken too, winning them the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1973, ... | Weak nuclear interaction | 0.799482 |
82,184 | Mohammad Aslam Khan Khalil, M.A.K. Khalil or Aslam Khalil (born January 7, 1950) is a theoretical physicist known for his leading research in atmospheric physics. Early in his career, he worked on quantum field theory of elementary particles. During the last three decades, he has worked on Global Change Science, includ... | Mohammad Aslam Khan Khalil | 0.799482 |
82,185 | In order to evaluate the methods a well understood family of languages is chosen, with a reliable dataset. This family is often the IE one but others have been used. After applying the methods to be compared to the database, the resulting trees are compared with the reference tree determined by traditional linguistic m... | Quantitative comparative linguistics | 0.799481 |
82,186 | Dex-net is a robotic manipulator. It uses a Grasp Quality Convolutional Neural Network to learn how to grasp unusually shaped objects. | DexNet | 0.799481 |
82,187 | The DyLight Fluor family of fluorescent dyes are produced by Dyomics in collaboration with Thermo Fisher Scientific. DyLight dyes are typically used in biotechnology and research applications as biomolecule, cell and tissue labels for fluorescence microscopy, cell biology or molecular biology. Historically, fluorophore... | DyLight Fluor | 0.799481 |
82,188 | An interdisciplinary field that studies the origins, evolution, distribution, and future of living systems in the universe, encompassing research on organic compounds in space, abiogenesis and extreme-environment adaptation on Earth, the habitability of extrasolar planets, the possible existence of extraterrestrial lif... | Critical velocity (rotation) | 0.799481 |
82,189 | 23), and Zhang Heng (78–139) and the geometry clauses of the Mozi of the 4th century BCE. This is no longer the case. The Suàn shù shū (算數書) or Writings on Reckonings is an ancient Chinese text on mathematics approximately seven thousand characters in length, written on 190 bamboo strips. | The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art | 0.799481 |
82,190 | Ibn Sina described the curriculum of a maktab school in some detail, describing the curricula for two stages of education in a maktab school.Ibn Sina wrote that children should be sent to a maktab school from the age of 6 and be taught primary education until they reach the age of 14. During which time, he wrote that t... | Educational philosophies | 0.79948 |
82,191 | In 2007, David Wiltshire, a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Canterbury in New Zealand, argued in the New Journal of Physics that quasilocal variations in gravitational energy had in 1998 given the false conclusion that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Moreover, due to the equivalence... | Inhomogeneous cosmology | 0.79948 |
82,192 | In addition to his significant contributions to number theory algorithms for multiprecision integers, such as factoring, Euclid's algorithm, long division, and proof of primality, he also formulated Lehmer's conjecture and participated in the Cunningham project. | D. H. Lehmer | 0.79948 |
82,193 | The lexicographical ordering gives a total ordering ≺ {\displaystyle \prec } on the points in the unit square: if (x,y) and (u,v) are two points in the square, (x,y) ≺ {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \prec } (u,v) if and only if either x < u or both x = u and y < v. Stated symbolically, The lexicographic order topology on ... | Lexicographic order topology on the unit square | 0.79948 |
82,194 | Polynomial Coefficient Monomial Polynomial long division Synthetic division Polynomial factorization Rational function Partial fraction Partial fraction decomposition over R Vieta's formulas Integer-valued polynomial Algebraic equation Factor theorem Polynomial remainder theorem | List of polynomial topics | 0.79948 |
82,195 | Key concepts of Aristotelian physics include the structuring of the cosmos into concentric spheres, with the Earth at the centre and celestial spheres around it. The terrestrial sphere was made of four elements, namely earth, air, fire, and water, subject to change and decay. The celestial spheres were made of a fifth ... | Aristotelian mechanics | 0.799479 |
82,196 | Atypical as Lederberg was at Asilomar, his optimistic vision of genetic engineering would soon lead to the development of the biotechnology industry. Over the next two years, as public concern over the dangers of recombinant DNA research grew, so too did interest in its technical and practical applications. Curing gene... | History of biotechnology | 0.799479 |
82,197 | Azimuth: the direction angle within the plane of the horizon, typically counted clockwise from the north (in geodesy and astronomy) or the south (in France). Elevation: the angular height of an object above the horizon; alternatively: zenith distance equal to 90 degrees minus elevation. Local topocentric coordinates: a... | Geodetic survey | 0.799478 |
82,198 | In September 2012, the project released a much more extensive set of results, in 30 papers published simultaneously in several journals, including six in Nature, six in Genome Biology and a special issue with 18 publications of Genome Research.The authors described the production and the initial analysis of 1,640 data ... | ENCODE | 0.799478 |
82,199 | In natural language processing and information retrieval, explicit semantic analysis (ESA) is a vectoral representation of text (individual words or entire documents) that uses a document corpus as a knowledge base. Specifically, in ESA, a word is represented as a column vector in the tf–idf matrix of the text corpus a... | Explicit semantic analysis | 0.799478 |
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