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82,000 | NIOSH abides by a strategic plan for meeting institutional goals and allocating resources. The institute has seven overarching goals: These goals are supported by NIOSH's program portfolio. The portfolio categorizes Institute efforts into 10 broad industrial sectors and their intersection with the 7 strategic goals. Th... | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health | 0.799521 |
82,001 | In condensed matter physics, the Fermi surface is the surface in reciprocal space which separates occupied from unoccupied electron states at zero temperature. The shape of the Fermi surface is derived from the periodicity and symmetry of the crystalline lattice and from the occupation of electronic energy bands. The e... | Fermi sphere | 0.799521 |
82,002 | Nets versus filters − advantages and disadvantages Filters and nets each have their own advantages and drawbacks and there's no reason to use one notion exclusively over the other. Depending on what is being proved, a proof may be made significantly easier by using one of these notions instead of the other. Both filter... | Convergent prefilter | 0.799521 |
82,003 | If K = R {\displaystyle \mathbb {K} =\mathbb {R} } then to this list can be appended: The algebraic interior of A {\displaystyle A} contains the origin (that is, 0 ∈ i A {\displaystyle 0\in {}^{i}A} ).If A {\displaystyle A} is balanced then to this list can be appended: For every x ∈ X , {\displaystyle x\in X,} there e... | Absorbent set | 0.799521 |
82,004 | F. Q. Gouvêa's 1994 article "A Marvelous Proof", which reviews some of the required topics, won a Lester R. Ford award from the Mathematical Association of America. Faltings' 5-page technical bulletin on the matter is a quick and technical review of the proof for the non-specialist. For those in search of a commerciall... | Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem | 0.799521 |
82,005 | Thus in the case of the Lie algebra sl2, the infinitesimal character of an irreducible representation is specified by one complex number. The center Z of the group SL(2,R) is a cyclic group {I,-I} of order 2, consisting of the identity matrix and its negative. On any irreducible representation, the center either acts t... | Representation theory of SL2(R) | 0.799521 |
82,006 | Any object radiating sound, including a loudspeaker system, can be thought of as being composed of combinations of such simple point sources. The radiation pattern of a combination of point sources is not the same as for a single source, but depends on the distance and orientation between the sources, the position rela... | Loudspeaker | 0.799521 |
82,007 | This fusor can reach 85 kV and do deuterium fusion, producing 2.4×104 neutrons per second. University of Illinois Dr. George Miley's team at the fusion studies laboratory has built a ~25 cm fusor which has produced 1×107 neutrons using deuterium gas. University of Sydney Dr. Joseph Khachan's group in the Department of ... | List of fusor examples | 0.79952 |
82,008 | The in vitro generation of synthetic cells is the protocell branch of synthetic biology. Lipid vesicles, which have all the necessary components to function as a complete system, can be used to create these artificial cells. In the end, these synthetic cells should meet the requirements for being deemed alive, namely t... | Artificial lifeform | 0.79952 |
82,009 | Thus, the network stack should not be composed at development time, but at runtime and needs the possibility to be adapted if needed. Additionally the decoupling relaxes the chains of the ISO OSI network layer model, and thus enables alternative concepts of communication stacks. Heuschkel et al. proposes the concept of... | Network Protocol Virtualization | 0.79952 |
82,010 | A Boolean network consists of a discrete set of boolean variables each of which has a Boolean function (possibly different for each variable) assigned to it which takes inputs from a subset of those variables and output that determines the state of the variable it is assigned to. This set of functions in effect determi... | Random boolean network | 0.79952 |
82,011 | Although improvements to grid balancing can be costly, they can lead to long term savings.In many countries for many types of variable renewable energy, from time to time the government invites companies to tender sealed bids to construct a certain capacity of solar power to connect to certain electricity substations. ... | Intermittent energy source | 0.799519 |
82,012 | International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 37 (10): 2621–2625. arXiv:astro-ph/9607142. | Moshe Carmeli | 0.799519 |
82,013 | Sigma Xi Phi Beta Kappa, 1957 Physics and Chance selected by Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries as Outstanding Academic Book in philosophy of science for 1995 Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences John Locke Lectureship in Philosophy, 1998, Oxford University President, American Philosophical Associa... | Lawrence Sklar | 0.799519 |
82,014 | Verify correct operation and generate statistics. Use ECPB power and supervisory cables.In the Spanish Talgo-RD system, a constant spray of water is used to lubricate the metal surfaces, to reduce heat and wear. A Talgo RD gauge changer is 20 m (65 ft 7 in) long and 6 m (19 ft 8 in) wide. | Gauge changer | 0.799518 |
82,015 | In this theory, rotational symmetry is not imposed as a necessary scale-space axiom and is instead replaced by requirements of affine and/or Galilean covariance. The generalized scale-space theory leads to predictions about receptive field profiles in good qualitative agreement with receptive field profiles measured by... | Scale-space axioms | 0.799518 |
82,016 | SQL deviates in several ways from its theoretical foundation, the relational model and its tuple calculus. In that model, a table is a set of tuples, while in SQL, tables and query results are lists of rows; the same row may occur multiple times, and the order of rows can be employed in queries (e.g., in the LIMIT clau... | Structured Query Language | 0.799518 |
82,017 | L Prize is a US Department of Energy competition to increase efficiency of solid-state lighting. Longitude prize won in the 18th century by John Harrison Longitude Prize on Dementia Lunar Lander Challenge Methuselah Mouse Prize or also known as the "M-Prize" Mombasa Plastics Prize Montyon Prizes established in 1820, a ... | Inducement prize contest | 0.799517 |
82,018 | Nonsingular black hole models have been proposed since theoretical problems with black holes were first realized. Today some of the most viable candidates for the result of the collapse of a star with mass well above the Chandrasekhar limit include the gravastar and the dark energy star. While black holes were a well-e... | Nonsingular black hole models | 0.799517 |
82,019 | The University of Kentucky, based in Lexington, has operated two satellite campuses at different times: In 1948, the university opened an extension campus in Covington known as the Northern Extension Center. In 1968, this campus was separated from UK, becoming the institution now known as Northern Kentucky University, ... | Satellite campuses | 0.799517 |
82,020 | With homeostasis the pH of a biological solution is maintained at a constant value by adjusting the position of the equilibria HCO 3 − + H + ⇌ H 2 CO 3 ⇌ CO 2 + H 2 O {\displaystyle {\ce {HCO3-}}+\mathrm {H^{+}} \rightleftharpoons {\ce {H2CO3}}\rightleftharpoons {\ce {CO2}}+{\ce {H2O}}} where H C O 3 − {\displaystyle \... | Henderson-Hasselbalch equation | 0.799516 |
82,021 | Galileo's contributions to the scientific revolution rested on a transactionalist understanding from which he argued Aristotelian physics was in error, as he wrote in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632):"f it is denied that circular motion is peculiar to celestial bodies, and affirmed to belong to al... | Transactionalism | 0.799516 |
82,022 | Through this process, speech can be categorized in order to identify information, or to extract information through keywords spoken in the audio. In particular, this has been used for speech analytics. Call centers have used the technology to conduct real time analysis by identifying changes in tone, sentiment or pitch... | Audio mining | 0.799516 |
82,023 | In Egypt, middle school precedes high school. It is called the preparatory stage and consists of three phases: first preparatory in which students study more subjects than primary with different branches. For instance, algebra and geometry are taught instead of "mathematics." In the second preparatory phase, students s... | Middle school | 0.799515 |
82,024 | Project Manager Chris Mossey reported on the source of the rising costs to the 2023 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel at a meeting held at Fermilab in March 2023. He stated that the sources were: "The cost and complexities of the far site conventional facilities construction was underestimated (+ approximat... | Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment | 0.799515 |
82,025 | The ratio of uniforms is a method initially proposed by Kinderman and Monahan in 1977 for pseudo-random number sampling, that is, for drawing random samples from a statistical distribution. Like rejection sampling and inverse transform sampling, it is an exact simulation method. The basic idea of the method is to use a... | Ratio of uniforms | 0.799515 |
82,026 | Nevertheless, physical observables are independent of the interpretation, provided the latter is applied consistently when manipulating the equation. This is necessary because the symbolic rules of calculus differ depending on the interpretation scheme. If the noise is external to the system, the appropriate interpreta... | Langevin equation | 0.799515 |
82,027 | Is it their environment or their genetics? This is the debate of nature vs nurture.An empiricist perspective would argue that those processes are acquired in interaction with the environment. Today developmental psychologists rarely take such polarized positions with regard to most aspects of development; rather they i... | Developmental psychology | 0.799515 |
82,028 | Keyword density is the percentage of times a keyword or phrase appears on a web page compared to the total number of words on the page. In the context of search engine optimization, keyword density can be used to determine whether a web page is relevant to a specified keyword or keyword phrase. In the late 1990s, the e... | Keyword density | 0.799515 |
82,029 | The development of a classification system for Blastocystis in 2007 produced a series of studies investigating this possibility.The studies that followed generally found that no specific "pathogenic" or nonpathogenic species of Blastocystis exists. One study investigated the subtypes found in patients with irritable bo... | Blastocystosis | 0.799515 |
82,030 | A quotient stack is defined as follows. Let G be an affine smooth group scheme over a scheme S and X an S-scheme on which G acts. Let the quotient stack {\displaystyle } be the category over the category of S-schemes: an object over T is a principal G-bundle P → T {\displaystyle P\to T} together with equivariant map P... | Quotient algebraic stack | 0.799514 |
82,031 | Lie algebras that are ingredients in an extension will, without comment, be taken to be over the same field. The summation convention applies, including sometimes when the indices involved are both upstairs or both downstairs. Caveat: Not all proofs and proof outlines below have universal validity. | Lie algebra extension | 0.799514 |
82,032 | 3rd century AD: Diophantus uses a primitive form of algebraic symbolism, which is quickly forgotten. By the 4th century AD: The present Hindu–Arabic numeral system with place-value numerals develops in Gupta-era India, and is attested in the Bakhshali Manuscript of Gandhara. The superiority of the system over existing ... | Timeline of scientific discoveries | 0.799514 |
82,033 | The following trial wave functions embody the composite fermion physics: Ψ ν F Q H E = P Ψ ν ∗ I Q H E ∏ 1 ≤ j < k ≤ N ( z j − z k ) 2 p {\displaystyle \Psi _{\nu }^{\rm {FQHE}}=P\;\;\Psi _{\nu ^{*}}^{\rm {IQHE}}\prod _{1\leq j | Composite fermions | 0.799514 |
82,034 | In physics, the spin–spin relaxation is the mechanism by which Mxy, the transverse component of the magnetization vector, exponentially decays towards its equilibrium value in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is characterized by the spin–spin relaxation time, known as T2, a time... | T2 relaxation | 0.799513 |
82,035 | The main idea behind the field is to integrate different informatics branches (e.g. bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, immunoinformatics, etc.) into a single platform, resulting in a seamless process of drug discovery. The first reference of the term "Pharmacoinformatics" can be found in the year of 1993.The first dedic... | Pharmacoinformatics | 0.799513 |
82,036 | Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén (Swedish: ; 30 May 1908 – 2 April 1995) was a Swedish electrical engineer, plasma physicist and winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). He described the class of MHD waves now known as Alfvén waves. He was originally trained as an electrical power e... | Hannes Alfvén | 0.799513 |
82,037 | In condensed matter physics, an AKLT model, also known as an Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki model is an extension of the one-dimensional quantum Heisenberg spin model. The proposal and exact solution of this model by Ian Affleck, Elliott H. Lieb, Tom Kennedy and Hal Tasaki provided crucial insight into the physics of the ... | AKLT model | 0.799513 |
82,038 | The next theorem will be for AVCs with randomized code. For such AVCs the code is a random variable with values from a family of length-n block codes, and these codes are not allowed to depend/rely on the actual value of the codeword. These codes have the same maximum and average error probability value for any channel... | Arbitrarily varying channel | 0.799513 |
82,039 | For example, the Kerr–Newman electrovacuum models a (rotating) black hole endowed with an electric charge, while the Kerr–Vaidya null dust models a (rotating) hole with infalling electromagnetic radiation. The special case a = 0 {\displaystyle a=0} of the Kerr metric yields the Schwarzschild metric, which models a nonr... | Kerr black hole | 0.799512 |
82,040 | Artificial life Evolutionary computation Genetic algorithms Combinatorial optimization Cellular automaton | Digital organism | 0.799512 |
82,041 | Both lifespans are statistically lengthened, even if early detection of a cancer does not lead to better treatment: because it is detected earlier, more time is lived in the "unhealthy" set of people. In this form, the paradox can be viewed an instance of the equivocation fallacy. Equivocation occurs when one term is u... | Will Rogers phenomenon | 0.799512 |
82,042 | However, capacity achieving ECCs are usually extremely complex to implement. The most popular ECCs have a trade-off between performance and computational complexity. Usually, their parameters give a range of possible code rates, which can be optimized depending on the scenario. Usually, this optimization is done in ord... | Error correction codes | 0.799512 |
82,043 | The Q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } -algebra Q ( i ) {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} (i)} is étale because it is a finite separable field extension. The R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } -algebra R / ( x 2 ) {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} /(x^{2})} is not étale, since R / ( x 2 ) ⊗ R C ≃ C / ( x 2 ) {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} /(... | Étale algebra | 0.799512 |
82,044 | In geometry, Villarceau circles () are a pair of circles produced by cutting a torus obliquely through the center at a special angle. Given an arbitrary point on a torus, four circles can be drawn through it. One is in a plane parallel to the equatorial plane of the torus and another perpendicular to that plane (these ... | Villarceau circles | 0.799512 |
82,045 | The first few Weingarten functions Wg(σ, d) are W g ( , d ) = 1 {\displaystyle \displaystyle W\!g(,d)=1} (The trivial case where q = 0) W g ( 1 , d ) = 1 d {\displaystyle \displaystyle W\!g(1,d)={\frac {1}{d}}} W g ( 2 , d ) = − 1 d ( d 2 − 1 ) {\displaystyle \displaystyle W\!g(2,d)={\frac {-1}{d(d^{2}-1)}}} W g ( 1 2 ... | Weingarten function | 0.799512 |
82,046 | Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the application of NMR, ESR, and NQR spectrometry in all branches of chemistry. The journal was established in 1969 and is published by John Wiley & Sons. The editors-in-chief are Roberto R. Gil (Carnegie Mellon University) and Gary ... | Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry | 0.799512 |
82,047 | Abstract class Accessibility Abstract method Abstraction (computer science) Access control Access modifiers Accessor method Adapter pattern Aspect-oriented | Index of object-oriented programming articles | 0.799512 |
82,048 | Teuthology - the study of cephalopods.Invertebrate paleontology - the study of fossil invertebratesThese divisions are sometimes further divided into more specific specialties. For example, within arachnology, acarology is the study of mites and ticks; within entomology, lepidoptery is the study of butterflies and moth... | Invertebrate zoology | 0.799511 |
82,049 | Damjanovic received a Bachelor's degree (summa cum laude) in physics from the University of Sarajevo in 1980. He then joined L. Eric Cross at Pennsylvania State University for a Ph.D. In 1987, he graduated with a thesis in ceramics science titled: "Highly anisotropic electromechanical properties in modified lead titana... | Dragan Damjanovic | 0.799511 |
82,050 | Consequently, the counterparts of bacterial or eukaryotic enzymes from extremophile archaea are often used in structural studies.In contrast with the range of applications of archaean enzymes, the use of the organisms themselves in biotechnology is less developed. Methanogenic archaea are a vital part of sewage treatme... | Archaea | 0.799511 |
82,051 | (Proof: Let g: R → k {\displaystyle g:R\to k} be a maximal extension, which clearly exists by Zorn's lemma. By maximality, R is a local ring with maximal ideal containing the kernel of f. If S is a local ring dominating R, then S is algebraic over R; if not, S {\displaystyle S} contains a polynomial ring R {\displayst... | Valuation ring | 0.799511 |
82,052 | After being introduced to model the theoretical electrical characteristics of the horizon, the membrane approach was then pressed into service to model the Hawking radiation effect predicted by quantum mechanics. In the coordinate system of a distant stationary observer, Hawking radiation tends to be described as a qua... | Membrane paradigm | 0.799511 |
82,053 | The study of self-oscillators dates back to Robert Willis, George Biddell Airy, James Clerk Maxwell, and Lord Rayleigh in the 19th century. The term itself (also translated as "auto-oscillation") was coined by the Soviet physicist Aleksandr Andronov, who studied them in the context of the mathematical theory of the str... | Self oscillation | 0.79951 |
82,054 | The fields of graphics, games, and machine learning are the main adopters of this software design with the majority of tools using node graph architecture.To this day, there is some debate as to the benefits of visual programming and node graph architecture. Advocates highlight how the abstraction that node graphs prov... | Node graph architecture | 0.79951 |
82,055 | "Nobody can reproduce these conversations verbatim, but I believe that the spirit of what the people said, and how they did, is conserved," the author tries to explain in the preface. Many believe that the golden years of physics around 1925, when "even small people could do big things" are gone. But the people who had... | Physics and Beyond | 0.79951 |
82,056 | The length of the tubes, and the angles at which they are attached define a frame geometry. In comparing different frame geometries, designers often compare the seat tube angle, head tube angle, (virtual) top tube length, and seat tube length. To complete the specification of a bicycle for use, the rider adjusts the re... | Frame geometry | 0.79951 |
82,057 | In mathematics, arithmetico-geometric sequence is the result of term-by-term multiplication of a geometric progression with the corresponding terms of an arithmetic progression. Put plainly, the nth term of an arithmetico-geometric sequence is the product of the nth term of an arithmetic sequence and the nth term of a ... | Arithmetico–geometric series | 0.799509 |
82,058 | In 1834 Grassmann began teaching mathematics at the Gewerbeschule in Berlin. A year later, he returned to Stettin to teach mathematics, physics, German, Latin, and religious studies at a new school, the Otto Schule. Over the next four years, Grassmann passed examinations enabling him to teach mathematics, physics, chem... | Hermann Grassmann | 0.799509 |
82,059 | After defending his doctoral thesis on the study of singular points of the system of differential equations, Poincaré wrote a series of memoirs under the title "On curves defined by differential equations" (1881–1882). In these articles, he built a new branch of mathematics, called "qualitative theory of differential e... | Henri Poincaré | 0.799509 |
82,060 | The fungal ancestors of stem rust have infected grasses for millions of years and wheat crops for as long as they have been grown. According to Jim Peterson, professor of wheat breeding and genetics at Oregon State University, "Stem rust destroyed more than 20% of U.S. wheat crops several times between 1917 and 1935, a... | Wheat stem rust | 0.799508 |
82,061 | In most implementations, a cell, or group of cells in a column or row, can be "named" enabling the user to refer to those cells by a name rather than by a grid reference. Names must be unique within the spreadsheet, but when using multiple sheets in a spreadsheet file, an identically named cell range on each sheet can ... | Spreadsheet software | 0.799508 |
82,062 | The value of k {\displaystyle k} is calculated by using the definition of the extractor, where we know: ( n , k ) = ( n , δ n ) ⇒ k = δ n {\displaystyle (n,k)=(n,\delta n)\Rightarrow k=\delta n} and by using the value of m {\displaystyle m} we have: m = δ 2 n = n 2 γ {\displaystyle m=\delta ^{2}n=n^{2\gamma }} Using th... | Randomness extractor | 0.799508 |
82,063 | Both the frequentist and Bayesian schools have demonstrated notable accomplishments in addressing practical challenges. Classical statistics, with its reliance on mechanical calculators and specialized printed tables, boasts a longer history of obtaining results. Bayesian methods, on the other hand, have shown remarkab... | Foundations of statistics | 0.799508 |
82,064 | A diamond anvil cell (DAC) is a high-pressure device used in geology, engineering, and materials science experiments. It enables the compression of a small (sub-millimeter-sized) piece of material to extreme pressures, typically up to around 100–200 gigapascals, although it is possible to achieve pressures up to 770 gi... | Diamond Anvil Cell | 0.799508 |
82,065 | Nonlocal Continuum Field Theories, Springer Verlag, 2002 Microcontinuum Field Theories, volume 1, Springer Verlag, 1999 Microcontinuum Field Theories II Fluent Media 1st Edition, Springer 2001 with Erhan Kıral: Constitutive Equations of Nonlinear Electromagnetic-Elastic Crystals, Springer Verlag, 1990 with Gérard A. Ma... | Ahmed Cemal Eringen | 0.799508 |
82,066 | These interface trends allow the operator to determine if the conditions that are being encountered at the current time are atypical or not. VPFM also enables Key Performance Indicator trending at the overall switch level as well to provide a view into the routing stability, physical connection stability, bridging stab... | Avaya Unified Communications Management | 0.799507 |
82,067 | Much of our knowledge of the life of Diophantus is derived from a 5th-century Greek anthology of number games and puzzles created by Metrodorus. One of the problems (sometimes called his epitaph) states: 'Here lies Diophantus,' the wonder behold. Through art algebraic, the stone tells how old: 'God gave him his boyhood... | Diophantus | 0.799507 |
82,068 | Currently, CTD integrates toxicogenomic data for vertebrates and invertebrates. CTD integrates data from or hyperlinks to these databases: ChemIDplus, a dictionary of more than 400,000 chemicals housed in the US National Library of Medicine DrugBank Data Infrastructure for Chemical Safety project (diXa) Data Warehouse ... | Comparative Toxicogenomics Database | 0.799507 |
82,069 | The computer code decomposes larger multiplexers into smaller multiplexers. If the recursion is taken to the limit, breaking down the crossbar to the minimum possible number of switching elements, the resulting device is sometimes called a crossover switch or a banyan switch depending on its topology. Switches typicall... | Nonblocking minimal spanning switch | 0.799507 |
82,070 | Chenming Calvin Hu (Chinese: 胡正明; pinyin: Hú Zhèngmíng; born 1947) is a Taiwanese-American electronic engineer who specializes in microelectronics. He is TSMC Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the electronic engineering and computer science department of the University of California, Berkeley, in the United States. I... | Chenming Hu | 0.799507 |
82,071 | Hans Rudolf Griem (October 7, 1928 – October 2, 2019) was a German-American physicist who specialized in experimental plasma physics and spectroscopy. | Hans R. Griem | 0.799506 |
82,072 | A similar process can be used to form the direct sum of two vector spaces or two modules. We can also form direct sums with any finite number of summands, for example A ⊕ B ⊕ C {\displaystyle A\oplus B\oplus C} , provided A , B , {\displaystyle A,B,} and C {\displaystyle C} are the same kinds of algebraic structures (e... | Internal direct sum | 0.799506 |
82,073 | These bind Cu+ with high affinity in a trigonal planar geometry. The cytoplasmic Cu+ chaperone CopZ transfers the metal directly to the TM-MBSs; however, loading both of the TM-MBSs requires binding of nucleotides to the enzyme. In agreement with the classical transport mechanism of P-type ATPases, occupancy of both tr... | P-type ATPase | 0.799506 |
82,074 | The notion is an analog of a classifying space in algebraic topology. In algebraic topology, the basic fact is that each principal G-bundle over a space S is (up to natural isomorphisms) the pullback of a universal bundle E G → B G {\displaystyle EG\to BG} along some map from S to B G {\displaystyle BG} . In other word... | Functor represented by a scheme | 0.799506 |
82,075 | In organic chemistry, a hydrate is a compound formed by the hydration, i.e. "Addition of water or of the elements of water (i.e. H and OH) to a molecular entity". For example: ethanol, CH3−CH2−OH, is the product of the hydration reaction of ethene, CH2=CH2, formed by the addition of H to one C and OH to the other C, an... | Hydrate | 0.799505 |
82,076 | Domains in which frequent subtree mining is useful tend to involve complex relationships between data entities: for instance, the analysis of XML documents often requires frequent subtree mining. Another domain where this is useful is the web usage mining problem: since the actions taken by users when visiting a web si... | Frequent subtree mining | 0.799505 |
82,077 | Typically, in computer science and in many of the theories developed in artificial intelligence, the logic of belief (doxastic logic) is taken to be KD45 {\displaystyle {\textsf {KD45}}} and the logic of knowledge (epistemic logic) is taken to be S5 {\displaystyle {\textsf {S5}}} , even if S5 {\displaystyle {\textsf {S... | Dynamic epistemic logic | 0.799505 |
82,078 | Eassa received her BSc in physics from the University of Khartoum in 2004. She earned her Master of Science in nanotechnology and materials physics from Sweden's Linköping University in 2007. | Nashwa Eassa | 0.799505 |
82,079 | In physics, the Coriolis force is an inertial or fictitious force that acts on objects in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame. In a reference frame with clockwise rotation, the force acts to the left of the motion of the object. In one with anticlockwise (or counterclockwis... | Coreolis effect | 0.799505 |
82,080 | In mathematics, in the field of topology, a topological space is said to be pseudonormal if given two disjoint closed sets in it, one of which is countable, there are disjoint open sets containing them. Note the following: Every normal space is pseudonormal. Every pseudonormal space is regular.An example of a pseudonor... | Pseudonormal space | 0.799505 |
82,081 | A database management system provides three views of the database data: The external level defines how each group of end-users sees the organization of data in the database. A single database can have any number of views at the external level. The conceptual level (or logical level) unifies the various external views i... | Database programming | 0.799504 |
82,082 | Microwave Active Composition is a brand of microwave-sensitive liquid chemicals sold by Atlanta Chemical Engineering LLC. The chemical undergoes color change if it interacts with intensive microwaves. There are two major types of microwave active compositions - reversible and irreversible. The reversible composition is... | Microwave Active Composition | 0.799504 |
82,083 | Planetary science (or more rarely, planetology) is the scientific study of planets (including Earth), celestial bodies (such as moons, asteroids, comets) and planetary systems (in particular those of the Solar System) and the processes of their formation. It studies objects ranging in size from micrometeoroids to gas g... | Planetary sciences | 0.799504 |
82,084 | In geometry, a rhombohedron (also called a rhombic hexahedron or, inaccurately, a rhomboid) is a three-dimensional figure with six faces which are rhombi. It is a special case of a parallelepiped where all edges are the same length. It can be used to define the rhombohedral lattice system, a honeycomb with rhombohedral... | Rhombohedron | 0.799503 |
82,085 | Cryptographers have explored the idea of obfuscating code so that reverse-engineering the code is cryptographically hard. This is formalized in the many proposals for indistinguishability obfuscation, a cryptographic primitive that, if possible to build securely, would allow one to construct many other kinds of cryptog... | Obfuscated code | 0.799503 |
82,086 | The archetypal example is the class F C h {\displaystyle \mathbf {FCh} } of all finite linear orderings, for which the Fraïssé limit is a dense linear order without endpoints (i.e. no smallest nor largest element). By Cantor's isomorphism theorem, up to isomorphism, this is always equivalent to the structure ⟨ Q , < ⟩ ... | Fraïssé limit | 0.799503 |
82,087 | The Gardon must measure convection perpendicular to the face of the sensor to be accurate due to the circular-foil construction, while the wire-wound geometry of the Schmidt-Boelter gauge can measure both perpendicular and parallel flows. In this case the sensor is mounted on a water-cooled body. Such sensors are used ... | Heat flux sensor | 0.799503 |
82,088 | If one considers all vector spaces (over a field, such as the real numbers), the simple vector spaces are those that contain no proper nontrivial subspaces. Therefore, the one-dimensional vector spaces are the simple ones. So it is a basic result of linear algebra that any finite-dimensional vector space is the direct ... | Semi-simple category | 0.799503 |
82,089 | Chandrasekhara Venkata (C. V.) Raman FNA, FASc, FRS, was a distinguished physicist whose achievements in the field of light scattering earned him the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics. He discovered that when light traverses a transparent material, the wavelengths of some of the deflected light change. | Chandrasekhar family | 0.799503 |
82,090 | Actually, the original formulation of Kalkbrener is quite different from that of Yang and Zhang. A bridge between these two notions, the point of view of Kalkbrener and that of Yang and Zhang, appears in Dongming Wang's paper.There are various algorithms available for obtaining triangular decomposition of V(F) both in ... | Triangular decomposition | 0.799502 |
82,091 | Linear regression plays an important role in the subfield of artificial intelligence known as machine learning. The linear regression algorithm is one of the fundamental supervised machine-learning algorithms due to its relative simplicity and well-known properties. | Line regression | 0.799502 |
82,092 | In computational chemistry, NDDO (neglect of diatomic differential overlap) is a formalism that was first introduced by John Pople and it is now the basis of most successful semiempirical methods. While INDO added all one-centre two electron integrals to the CNDO/2 formalism, NDDO adds all two centre integrals for repu... | NDDO | 0.799501 |
82,093 | In many applications, especially operating within non-stationary environments, the distribution underlying the instances or the rules underlying their labeling may change over time, i.e. the goal of the prediction, the class to be predicted or the target value to be predicted, may change over time. This problem is refe... | Data stream mining | 0.799501 |
82,094 | So, the components of Z 1 ∩ Z 2 {\displaystyle Z_{1}\cap Z_{2}} are contractible. In the case where Z 1 ∩ Z 2 {\displaystyle Z_{1}\cap Z_{2}} has only one component, by Van Kampen's theorem, we are done, as in that case,: F = Π 1 ( Z 1 ) ∗ Π 1 ( Z 2 ) {\displaystyle F=\Pi _{1}(Z_{1})\ast \Pi _{1}(Z_{2})} . The general ... | Grushko theorem | 0.799501 |
82,095 | Van Benthem studied physics (B.Sc. 1969), philosophy (M.A. 1972) and mathematics (M.Sc. 1973) at the University of Amsterdam and received a PhD from the same university under supervision of Martin Löb in 1977. | Johan van Benthem (logician) | 0.7995 |
82,096 | One example is quantum processors, which use quantum physics to enable algorithms that are impossible on classical computers (those using traditional circuitry). Another example is photonic processors, which use light to make computations instead of semiconducting electronics. Processing is done by photodetectors sensi... | Processor (computing) | 0.7995 |
82,097 | In artificial intelligence, a procedural reasoning system (PRS) is a framework for constructing real-time reasoning systems that can perform complex tasks in dynamic environments. It is based on the notion of a rational agent or intelligent agent using the belief–desire–intention software model. A user application is p... | Procedural Reasoning System | 0.7995 |
82,098 | The current team features three full-time staff and several other members with a variety of backgrounds, from computer science to anthropology. The organisation's advisory committee includes representatives from the academic, not-for-profit and business sectors. This mix of skills and resources allows the team to exami... | OSS Watch | 0.7995 |
82,099 | In physics, magnetization dynamics is the branch of solid-state physics that describes the evolution of the magnetization of a material. | Magnetization dynamics | 0.799499 |
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