id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
84,000 | The chief among these are: The Lie derivative, which is uniquely defined by the differential structure, but fails to satisfy some of the usual features of directional differentiation. An affine connection, which is not uniquely defined, but generalizes in a more complete manner the features of ordinary directional diff... | Differential manifold | 0.799097 |
84,001 | In probability theory and statistics, a central moment is a moment of a probability distribution of a random variable about the random variable's mean; that is, it is the expected value of a specified integer power of the deviation of the random variable from the mean. The various moments form one set of values by whic... | Central moment | 0.799097 |
84,002 | Using a combination of geometric and freeform surfaces can provide a powerful method of 3D modeling. Areas of freeform data can be combined with exact geometric surfaces to create a hybrid model. A typical example of this would be the reverse engineering of a cylinder head, which includes freeform cast features, such a... | Reverse coding | 0.799097 |
84,003 | In air and tissue, molecular oxygen (O2) occurs in a triplet state, whereas almost all other molecules are in a singlet state. Reactions between triplet and singlet molecules are forbidden by quantum mechanics, making oxygen relatively non-reactive at physiological conditions. A photosensitizer is a chemical compound t... | Photodynamic cancer treatment | 0.799097 |
84,004 | According to Thomas S. Ray and others, this may allow for more "open-ended" evolution, in which the dynamics of the feedback between evolutionary and ecological processes can itself change over time (see evolvability), although this claim has not been realized – like other digital evolution systems, it eventually reach... | Tierra (computer simulation) | 0.799097 |
84,005 | Empowerment in the field of artificial intelligence formalises and quantifies (via information theory) the potential an agent perceives that it has to influence its environment. An agent which follows an empowerment maximising policy, acts to maximise future options (typically up to some limited horizon). Empowerment c... | Empowerment (artificial intelligence) | 0.799097 |
84,006 | Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn FRS(For) HFRSE (3 December 1886 – 26 September 1978) was a Swedish physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1924 "for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy". | Manne Siegbahn | 0.799096 |
84,007 | {\displaystyle \left|\alpha -{\frac {p}{q}}\right|<{\frac {1}{{\sqrt {5}}q^{2}}}\,.} Therefore, 1 5 q 2 {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{{\sqrt {5}}\,q^{2}}}} is an upper bound for the Diophantine approximations of any irrational number. The constant in this result may not be further improved without excluding some irrational... | Diophantine Approximation | 0.799096 |
84,008 | Euclid is best known for his thirteen-book treatise, the Elements (Greek: Στοιχεῖα; Stoicheia), considered his magnum opus. Much of its content originates from earlier mathematicians, including Eudoxus, Hippocrates of Chios, Thales and Theaetetus, while other theorems are mentioned by Plato and Aristotle. It is difficu... | Euclid | 0.799096 |
84,009 | The high cost of many laboratory robots has inhibited their adoption. However, currently there are many robotic devices that have very low cost, and these could be employed to do some jobs in a laboratory. For example, a low-cost robotic arm was employed to perform several different kinds of water analysis, without los... | Laboratory robotics | 0.799096 |
84,010 | Every rational function in one variable x, with real coefficients, can be written as the sum of a polynomial function with rational functions of the form a/(x − b)n (where n is a natural number, and a and b are real numbers), and rational functions of the form (ax + b)/(x2 + cx + d)n (where n is a natural number, and a... | The fundamental theorem of algebra | 0.799096 |
84,011 | Draves earned a Bachelor's in mathematics at Brown University, where he was a student of Andy van Dam before continuing on to earn a PhD in computer science at Carnegie Mellon University. At CMU he studied under Andy Witkin, Dana Scott, and Peter Lee. | Scott Draves | 0.799095 |
84,012 | Digitizing the Harvard College Observatory's astronomical plates archive was first considered in the 1980s by Jonathan E. Grindlay, a professor of astronomy at Harvard. Grindlay encouraged Alison Doane, then curator of the archive, to explore digitizing the collection with a commercial image scanner. Working with Jessi... | Digital Access to a Sky Century @ Harvard | 0.799095 |
84,013 | The common isomorphism theorems are valid for coalgebras, so for instance C1/ker(f) is isomorphic to im(f). If A is a finite-dimensional unital associative K-algebra, then A∗ is a finite-dimensional coalgebra, and indeed every finite-dimensional coalgebra arises in this fashion from some finite-dimensional algebra (nam... | Sweedler notation | 0.799095 |
84,014 | She worked in the field of partial differential equations, the mathematical hydrodynamics of rotating fluids, and in function spaces, having published more than one hundred and forty research papers. == References == | Vera Nikolaevna Maslennikova | 0.799094 |
84,015 | In mathematics, a reductive group is a type of linear algebraic group over a field. One definition is that a connected linear algebraic group G over a perfect field is reductive if it has a representation that has a finite kernel and is a direct sum of irreducible representations. Reductive groups include some of the m... | Reductive group | 0.799094 |
84,016 | One of the main challenges in post-quantum cryptography is considered to be the implementation of potentially quantum safe algorithms into existing systems. There are tests done, for example by Microsoft Research implementing PICNIC in a PKI using Hardware security modules. Test implementations for Google's NewHope alg... | Quantum-resistant cryptography | 0.799093 |
84,017 | It was written in the FORTRAN programming language. Chemkin III was published in 1996 by Sandia.Other versions include Chemkin-Pro for large chemical simulation applications requiring complex mechanisms. Chemkin-Pro is designed for chemical kinetics simulations requiring complex reaction mechanisms. Reaction Workbench ... | Reaction Design | 0.799093 |
84,018 | Klein also strongly suggested to mathematical physicists that even a moderate cultivation of the projective purview might bring substantial benefits to them. With every geometry, Klein associated an underlying group of symmetries. | Erlanger program | 0.799093 |
84,019 | Transcendental function: analytic but not algebraic. Also hypertranscendental function. Composite function: is formed by the composition of two functions f and g, by mapping x to f (g(x)). | List of types of functions | 0.799092 |
84,020 | Mineral classification schemes and their definitions are evolving to match recent advances in mineral science. Recent changes have included the addition of an organic class, in both the new Dana and the Strunz classification schemes. The organic class includes a very rare group of minerals with hydrocarbons. The IMA Co... | Mineral Deposits | 0.799092 |
84,021 | Because one of the main purposes for biomedical engineering is to mimic body parts to sustain normal body functions, due to their biocompatible properties, biopolymers are used vastly for tissue engineering, medical devices and the pharmaceutical industry. Many biopolymers can be used for regenerative medicine, tissue ... | Biopolymer | 0.799092 |
84,022 | 1977: Dr. Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger invented a new DNA sequencing method for which they won the Nobel Prize. 1977: The first self-driving car that did not rely upon rails or wires under the road is designed by the Tsukuba Mechanical Engineering Laboratory. 1978: The Global Positioning System (GPS) enters serv... | Timeline of historic inventions | 0.799092 |
84,023 | In human reproductive ecology, the study of pregnancy is primarily focused variation in pregnancy and on rates of pregnancy loss. | Human reproductive ecology | 0.799092 |
84,024 | In computer science, the prefix sum, cumulative sum, inclusive scan, or simply scan of a sequence of numbers x0, x1, x2, ... is a second sequence of numbers y0, y1, y2, ..., the sums of prefixes (running totals) of the input sequence: y0 = x0 y1 = x0 + x1 y2 = x0 + x1+ x2 ...For instance, the prefix sums of the natural... | Prefix sum | 0.799092 |
84,025 | Species sorting is a mechanism in the metacommunity framework of ecology whereby species distributions and abundances can be related to the environmental or biotic conditions in a particular habitat. The species sorting paradigm describes a system of habitat patches with different environmental conditions that organism... | Species sorting | 0.799092 |
84,026 | A computer simulation (or "sim") is an attempt to model a real-life or hypothetical situation on a computer so that it can be studied to see how the system works. By changing variables in the simulation, predictions may be made about the behaviour of the system. It is a tool to virtually investigate the behaviour of th... | Simulation of production systems | 0.799091 |
84,027 | Sham is noted for his work on density functional theory (DFT) with Walter Kohn, which resulted in the Kohn–Sham equations of DFT. The Kohn–Sham method is widely used in materials science. Kohn received a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1998 for the Kohn–Sham equations and other work related to DFT. Sham's other research in... | Lu Jeu Sham | 0.799091 |
84,028 | He presents his law of accelerating returns to explain why "key events" happen more frequently as time marches on. It also explains why the computational capacity of computers is increasing exponentially. Kurzweil writes that this increase is one ingredient in the creation of artificial intelligence; the others are aut... | The Age of Spiritual Machines | 0.799091 |
84,029 | His household included a large multigenerational family and a number of servants. There all his later work was done, in what was then "the finest private laboratory in Britain". It comprised an entire floor of the house and included three interconnected laboratory rooms, for chemistry, physics, and mechanical construct... | William Crookes | 0.79909 |
84,030 | The centralizer of a subring S of R is given by C R ( S ) = { r ∈ R ∣ r s = s r for all s ∈ S } . {\displaystyle \mathrm {C} _{R}(S)=\{r\in R\mid rs=sr{\text{ for all }}s\in S\}.\,} Clearly CR(CR(S)) ⊇ S, but it is not always the case that one can say the two sets are equal. The double centralizer theorems give conditi... | Double commutant theorem | 0.79909 |
84,031 | The game also has three difficulties, with the easy difficulty only allowing the meter to ascend to level 2, while the hardest difficulty locks the meter to level DIE. This system also offers greater rewards when defeating enemies at higher levels. The 2008 video game Left 4 Dead uses an artificial intelligence technol... | Dynamic game difficulty balancing | 0.799089 |
84,032 | MultiCluster-1 series were statically configurable systems and could be tailored to specific user requirements such as number of processors, amount of memory, and I/0 configuration, as weil as system topology. The required processor topology could be configured by using UniLink connection; fed through the special back ... | Parsytec | 0.799089 |
84,033 | It enables engineers to create 3D models, 2D drawings, and schematics of their designs. CAD together with digital mockup (DMU) and CAE software such as finite element method analysis or analytic element method allows engineers to create models of designs that can be analyzed without having to make expensive and time-co... | Engineering | 0.799089 |
84,034 | The sample Taylor diagram shown in Figure 1 provides a summary of the relative skill with which several global climate models simulate the spatial pattern of annual mean precipitation. Eight models, each represented by a different letter on the diagram, are compared, and the distance between each model and the point la... | Taylor diagram | 0.799089 |
84,035 | Not every functor G: C → D admits a left adjoint. If C is a complete category, then the functors with left adjoints can be characterized by the adjoint functor theorem of Peter J. Freyd: G has a left adjoint if and only if it is continuous and a certain smallness condition is satisfied: for every object Y of D there ex... | Right adjoint | 0.799089 |
84,036 | Herbert Leo Gelernter (December 17, 1929 – May 28, 2015) was a professor in the Computer Science Department of Stony Brook University. | Herbert Gelernter | 0.799089 |
84,037 | In 1998 David solved a special case of a problem of Vitushkin. Among other topics, David has done research on Painlevé's problem of geometrically characterizing removable singularities for bounded functions; Xavier Tolsa's solution of Painlevé's problem is based upon David's methods. With Jean-Lin Journé he proved in 1... | Guy David (mathematician) | 0.799089 |
84,038 | In statistics the mean squared prediction error (MSPE), also known as mean squared error of the predictions, of a smoothing, curve fitting, or regression procedure is the expected value of the squared prediction errors (PE), the square difference between the fitted values implied by the predictive function g ^ {\displa... | Prediction error | 0.799088 |
84,039 | Expert systems were first designed in the 1970s as an expansion into artificial intelligence technologies. Their design is based on the premise of decreasing potential user error in decision-making and emulating mental reasoning used by experts in a particular field. They differentiate themselves from traditional linea... | Artificial intelligence in fraud detection | 0.799088 |
84,040 | Fenchel, Käte. "Moderne Algebra, Erster Teil, 2. Auflage. | Käte Fenchel | 0.799088 |
84,041 | Static type checking is the process of verifying the type safety of a program based on analysis of a program's text (source code). If a program passes a static type checker, then the program is guaranteed to satisfy some set of type safety properties for all possible inputs. Static type checking can be considered a lim... | Dynamically typed | 0.799088 |
84,042 | The ability to prove completeness for predicate calculus when it is expressed in this way.All three of these benefits were identified in the founding paper by Gentzen (1934, p. 194). Not all authors have adhered to Gentzen's original meaning for the word "sequent". | Sequent | 0.799088 |
84,043 | Definitions in this article are consistent in all respects with those given in a discussion of the maximum-flow minimum-cut theorem. | Cederbaum's maximum flow theorem | 0.799088 |
84,044 | In these cases the physical models require dynamic similitude. Physical and chemical simulations have also direct realistic uses, rather than research uses; in chemical engineering, for example, process simulations are used to give the process parameters immediately used for operating chemical plants, such as oil refin... | Simulation of production systems | 0.799087 |
84,045 | In algebraic geometry, Bloch's higher Chow groups, a generalization of Chow group, is a precursor and a basic example of motivic cohomology (for smooth varieties). It was introduced by Spencer Bloch (Bloch 1986) and the basic theory has been developed by Bloch and Marc Levine. In more precise terms, a theorem of Voevod... | Bloch's higher Chow group | 0.799087 |
84,046 | In conjunction with computational geometry, a computational synthetic geometry has been founded, having close connection, for example, with matroid theory. Synthetic differential geometry is an application of topos theory to the foundations of differentiable manifold theory. | Synthetic geometry | 0.799086 |
84,047 | Calculus I. ISBN 978-0-387-90974-5. Marsden, Jerrold; Weinstein, Alan (1985). Calculus II. | Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics | 0.799086 |
84,048 | Daniel Lazard was born in Carpentras, in southern France. His undergraduate education was at the École Normale Supérieure. Following graduate work at the École Normale Supérieure and the University of Paris, he was granted a doctorat d'état in 1968 by the University of Paris. His dissertation was supervised by the comm... | Daniel Lazard | 0.799086 |
84,049 | Johnson received the John von Neumann Theory Prize jointly with Manfred W. Padberg in recognition of his fundamental contributions to integer programming and combinatorial optimization. Their work combines theory with algorithm development, computational testing, and solution of hard real-world problems in the best tra... | Ellis L. Johnson | 0.799086 |
84,050 | In Japan the main researchers have been Takashi Ikegami ,Hideaki Suzuki and Yasuhiro Suzuki . In Germany, it was Wolfgang Banzhaf, who, together with his students Peter Dittrich and Jens Ziegler, developed various artificial chemistry models. | Artificial chemistry | 0.799086 |
84,051 | random variables Xn1, ..., Xnn whose sum Sn = Xn1 + … + Xnn has the same distribution F. The concept of infinite divisibility of probability distributions was introduced in 1929 by Bruno de Finetti. This type of decomposition of a distribution is used in probability and statistics to find families of probability distri... | Infinitely divisible probability distribution | 0.799086 |
84,052 | The discoveries of Hans Christian Ørsted on electromagnetism and Michael Faraday on electromagnetic induction drew Gauss' attention to these matters. Gauss and Weber found the rules for branched electric circuits, later benamed as Kirchhoff's circuit laws, and made inquiries on electromagnetism. They constructed the fi... | Carl Friedrich Gauss | 0.799085 |
84,053 | The effect is quantum-mechanical in nature and has the following origin: In a disordered electronic system, the electron motion is diffusive rather than ballistic. That is, an electron does not move along a straight line, but experiences a series of random scatterings off impurities which results in a random walk. The ... | Weak localization | 0.799085 |
84,054 | Early Algebra is an approach to early mathematics teaching and learning. It is about teaching traditional topics in more profound ways. It is also an area of research in mathematics education. | Early Algebra | 0.799085 |
84,055 | In astronomy the abbreviations kyr, Myr and Gyr are in common use for kiloyears, megayears and gigayears.The Unified Code for Units of Measure (UCUM) disambiguates the varying symbologies of ISO 1000, ISO 2955 and ANSI X3.50 by using: at = 365.24219 days for the mean tropical year; aj = 365.25 days for the mean Julian ... | Tya (unit) | 0.799085 |
84,056 | Statistical models are usually composed by an autoregressive part, for seizing the persistent behavior of the wind, and by a 'meteorological' part, which consists in the nonlinear transformation of meteorological variable forecasts. The autoregressive part permits to significantly enhance forecast accuracy for horizons... | Wind power forecasting | 0.799084 |
84,057 | Past programs include the workshop for Women Advancing Mathematical Biology, Workshop for Young Researchers in Mathematical Biology, Blackwell Tapia Conference, and the Science Sundays lecture series. | Mathematical Biosciences Institute | 0.799084 |
84,058 | George B. Mathews, in a 1903 review article published in The Mathematical Gazette opens by saying the book is "sure of a favorable reception" because of its "attractive account of some of the most valuable and interesting results of recent analysis". He notes that Part I deals mainly with infinite series, focusing on p... | A Course of Modern Analysis | 0.799084 |
84,059 | A simple way to read the meaning of a computation is to consider it as a mechanical procedure consisting of a finite number of steps that, when completed, yields a result. In particular, considering the lambda calculus as a rewriting system, each beta reduction step is a rewrite step, and once there are no further beta... | Böhm tree | 0.799084 |
84,060 | Simon Stevin proved the intermediate value theorem for polynomials (using a cubic as an example) by providing an algorithm for constructing the decimal expansion of the solution. The algorithm iteratively subdivides the interval into 10 parts, producing an additional decimal digit at each step of the iteration. Before ... | Bolzano's theorem | 0.799084 |
84,061 | It is conserved by perspective mappings ("perspectivities") and ordered by inclusion. The deepest part of the proof concerns the equivalence of perspectivity with "projectivity by decomposition"—of which a corollary is the transitivity of perspectivity." For any integer n > 3 {\displaystyle n>3} every n {\displaystyle ... | John von Neumann | 0.799084 |
84,062 | Lett. 109 (2012) 181301 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.181301 CMS Technical Design Report, Volume II: Physics Performance, CMS Collaboration - G. L. Bayatian, et al. (Oct 23, 2007) Published in J. Phys. G 34 (2007) 6, 995–1579. | David B. Cline | 0.799084 |
84,063 | If the coframes on M and N (obtained by a thorough application of the first three steps of the algorithm) agree and satisfy the Cartan test, then the two G-structures are equivalent. (Actually, to the best of the author's knowledge, the coframes must be real analytic in order for this to hold, because the Cartan-Kähler... | Theory of equivalence | 0.799084 |
84,064 | Thus we have reduced to the case where u {\displaystyle u} has compact support in some U j {\displaystyle U_{j}} . (3) So assume u {\displaystyle u} has compact support in some U j {\displaystyle U_{j}} . The last step now is to show that the theorem is true by direct computation. | Gauss theorem | 0.799083 |
84,065 | To ease the study of versors, he introduced "biradials" to designate great circle arcs on the sphere. Then the quaternion algebra provided the foundation for spherical trigonometry introduced in chapter 9. Hoüel replaced Hamilton's basis vectors i, j, k with i1, i2, and i3. | History of quaternions | 0.799083 |
84,066 | A functional graph is a special case of a pseudoforest in which every vertex has outdegree exactly 1. By Brooks' theorem, any graph G other than a clique or an odd cycle has chromatic number at most Δ(G), and by Vizing's theorem any graph has chromatic index at most Δ(G) + 1. A k-degenerate graph is a graph in which ea... | Vertex degree | 0.799083 |
84,067 | Biomagnetics is a field of biotechnology. It has actively been researched since at least 2004. Although the majority of structures found in living organisms are diamagnetic, the magnetic field itself, as well as magnetic nanoparticles, microstructures and paramagnetic molecules can influence specific physiological func... | Biomagnetics | 0.799083 |
84,068 | In the 1960s he was presented with the opportunity to acquire four units of the original ENIAC, which had been rusting in a storage Quonset hut in Aberdeen, Maryland. He ran the units through a car wash before restoring them and donating them to the University of Michigan. They are currently on display in the entryway ... | Arthur Burks | 0.799082 |
84,069 | In 1937, the administration of BST was shown to increase the milk yield in lactating cows by preventing mammary cell death in dairy cattle.Until the 1980s, use of the compound was very limited in agriculture as the sole source of the hormone was from bovine carcasses. During this time, the knowledge of the structure an... | Bovine Growth Hormone | 0.799082 |
84,070 | Current uses have involved truncation or cropping, yolk manipulation, hormonal treatments, maternal allocation, temperature manipulation, or altering the nutritional states. Each method undoubtedly has its merits and pitfalls to consider before designing an experiment, but these techniques are opening new avenues of re... | Allometric engineering | 0.799082 |
84,071 | Initially, the formation of the milk lines that run between the fore and hind limbs bilaterally on each side of the midline occurs around embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5). The second stage occurs at E11.5 when placode formation begins along the mammary milk line. This will eventually give rise to the nipple. Lastly, the thir... | Mammary glands | 0.799082 |
84,072 | The design of Bean was heavily influenced by Marten Van De Kraats' article "Lean Word Processor Specifics". It is especially suitable for note taking or writing short articles because the program is highly responsive and starts almost instantly, while full-featured office suites take a much longer time to load. While B... | Bean (software) | 0.799082 |
84,073 | Cells can produce antisense RNA molecules naturally, called microRNAs, which interact with complementary mRNA molecules and inhibit their expression. The concept has also been exploited as a molecular biology technique, by artificially introducing a transgene coding for antisense RNA in order to block the expression of... | Non-coding strand | 0.799081 |
84,074 | The roots of Ψ n ( x ) {\displaystyle \Psi _{n}(x)} are given by 2 cos ( 2 π k n ) {\displaystyle 2\cos \left({\frac {2\pi k}{n}}\right)} , where 1 ≤ k < n 2 {\displaystyle 1\leq k<{\frac {n}{2}}} and gcd ( k , n ) = 1 {\displaystyle \gcd(k,n)=1} . Since Ψ n ( x ) {\displaystyle \Psi _{n}(x)} is monic, we have Ψ n ( ... | Minimal polynomial of 2cos(2pi/n) | 0.799081 |
84,075 | In general, the missing baryon problem is a major unsolved problem in physics. Various scientists have proposed explanations, but none have received acceptance as adequately addressing the issue. A scientist or organization that did solve it to the satisfaction of others would surely earn many prestigious prizes. One c... | Missing baryon problem | 0.79908 |
84,076 | Project GABRIEL opened a wide range of questions about formation, transformation, fallout and biological hazards due to bomb debris. GABRIEL supported work in research projects that might apply to the side effects of nuclear war. It was the sole support of the major research effort of Project SUNSHINE, which tested bio... | Project GABRIEL | 0.79908 |
84,077 | These algorithms require a constant-rate assumption and produce trees in which the distances from the root to every branch tip are equal. When DNA, RNA and protein data are analyzed, the ultrametricity assumption is called the molecular clock. Models of intermittency in three dimensional turbulence of fluids make use o... | Ultrametric inequality | 0.79908 |
84,078 | The Indian Centre for Space Physics (ICSP) is an Indian non-profit research organisation dedicated to carrying out advanced research in astronomy, astrophysics and space science. It is a sister institute of the University of Calcutta and the University of Gour Banga. It is located in the southern part of the city of Ko... | Indian Centre for Space Physics | 0.79908 |
84,079 | Alexandra Gade (born 1974) is a nuclear physicist who studies the nuclear structure of heavy elements, exotic nuclei, and rare isotopes, using techniques including nuclear spectroscopy, nucleon knockouts, and Coulomb excitation. Educated in Germany, she works at Michigan State University in the US as a professor of phy... | Alexandra Gade | 0.79908 |
84,080 | In that case, the signal has to be acquired by a measurement probe which extracts very little energy from the circuit. This can be achieved by employing very thin conductors, or tiny coils kept at some minimum separation from the active elements of the circuit. In a situation, where circuit loading rather than high fre... | RF probe | 0.79908 |
84,081 | Computer Science Informatics Information and Library Science Intelligent Systems Engineering | Indiana University School of Informatics | 0.799079 |
84,082 | In geometry, the great disdyakis dodecahedron is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the uniform great truncated cuboctahedron. It has 48 triangular faces. | Great disdyakis dodecahedron | 0.799079 |
84,083 | Brown and his staff was also involved in the development of Whirlwind, the first all-digital computer. Brown was promoted to full professor in 1946 and served as the chairman of the MIT faculty from 1951 to 1952. In 1952, he became the chairman of the electrical engineering department and from 1959 to 1968, he served a... | Gordon S. Brown | 0.799079 |
84,084 | He worked under Aage Bohr, Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker and Ilya Prigogine in developing his thesis, which compared the interpretations of Niels Bohr and of David Bohm. He did post-doctoral research at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and lectured at the State University of New York. In July 2000 he wo... | Mathew Chandrankunnel | 0.799079 |
84,085 | Gauss's constant G {\displaystyle G} is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, who calculated it via the arithmetic–geometric mean as 1 / M ( 1 , 2 ) {\displaystyle 1/M(1,{\sqrt {2}})} . By 1799, Gauss had two proofs of the theorem that M ( 1 , 2 ) = π / ϖ {\displaystyle M(1,{\sqrt {2}})=\pi /\varpi } where ϖ {\displaystyle... | Lemniscate constant | 0.799078 |
84,086 | As the cars interact it can model collective phenomena such as traffic jams. Macroscopic scale: Similar to models of fluid dynamics, it is considered useful to employ a system of partial differential equations, which balance laws for some gross quantities of interest; e.g., the density of vehicles or their mean velocit... | Cumulative vehicle count curve | 0.799078 |
84,087 | Disadvantages of this method include difficulty with unusual anatomy, a need for a suitable library of images, and the need to account for MR coil attenuation. Synthetic, or Substitute CT (sCT) methods to generate CT like data from MRI are also of interest for radiotherapy planning, and have been primarily investigated... | PET-MRI | 0.799077 |
84,088 | Shelah's personal webpage, as of February 2023 lists 1123 published and accepted mathematical papers, as well as more than 100 preprints and papers in preparation, including joint papers with 288 co-authors; the American Mathematical Society's database MathSciNet lists 1147 published books and journal articles with 266... | Saharon Shelah | 0.799077 |
84,089 | In mathematics, a Green's function is the impulse response of an inhomogeneous linear differential operator defined on a domain with specified initial conditions or boundary conditions. This means that if L {\displaystyle \operatorname {L} } is the linear differential operator, then the Green's function G {\displaystyl... | Green’s function | 0.799077 |
84,090 | The binomial theorem is mentioned in the Major-General's Song in the comic opera The Pirates of Penzance. Professor Moriarty is described by Sherlock Holmes as having written a treatise on the binomial theorem. The Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa, using the heteronym Álvaro de Campos, wrote that "Newton's Binomial is a... | Binomial expansion | 0.799077 |
84,091 | Waterhouse described the way VICS worked for the ground campaign can be summarised as follows: VICS would be loaded with a "model", a predictive algorithm used to predict the percentage of Eurosceptic voters at the level of individual streets when combined with statistics from the 2014 general and European elections. W... | Voter Intention Collection System | 0.799077 |
84,092 | The paradigm shift in psychology from behaviorism to the study of cognition had a huge impact on the field of Human Performance Modeling. Regarding memory and cognition, the research of Newell and Simon regarding artificial intelligence and the General Problem Solver (GPS; Newell & Simon, 1963), demonstrated that compu... | Human performance modeling | 0.799077 |
84,093 | Biotechnology is the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents to provide goods and services. From its inception, biotechnology has maintained a close relationship with society. Although now most often associated with the development of drugs, historically ... | History of biotechnology | 0.799076 |
84,094 | Linear-quadratic regulator rapidly exploring random tree (LQR-RRT) is a sampling based algorithm for kinodynamic planning. A solver is producing random actions which are forming a funnel in the state space. The generated tree is the action sequence which fulfills the cost function. The restriction is, that a prediction... | Linear-quadratic regulator rapidly exploring random tree | 0.799076 |
84,095 | delamination deuterostome developmental biology diakinesis dioestrus Also diestrus. In the mammalian estrous cycle, the long period of quiescence following ovulation, during which the uterus prepares to receive a fertilized ovum. differentiation diplonema diplont An organism having diploid somatic cells and haploid gam... | Glossary of developmental biology | 0.799076 |
84,096 | CML has a well defined molecular target and relatively selective therapies aimed at that target, which is not the case for the majority of cancers and chemotherapies today. Bcr-Abl was regarded as highly attractive target for drug intervention since the Bcr-Abl fusion gene encodes a constitutively activated kinase. Dru... | Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitor | 0.799076 |
84,097 | The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is the science operations center for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), science operations and mission operations center for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), and science operations center for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. STScI was established in 1981 as a com... | Space Telescope Science Institute | 0.799075 |
84,098 | In this way all non-empty infima exist, but not all infima are necessarily interesting. This definition in terms of partial data allows an algebra to be defined as the limit of a sequence of increasingly more defined partial algebras—in other words a fixed point of an operator that adds progressively more information t... | Scott domain | 0.799075 |
84,099 | Leason Adams (American, 1887–1969) – high pressure mineral physics Thomas J Ahrens (American, 1936–2010) – experimental methods for modeling hypervelocity impacts and materials in the Earth's core and mantle Hannes Alfvén (Swedish, 1908–1995) – Alfvén waves, magnetohydrodynamics of magnetosphere; Nobel Prize in Physics... | List of geophysicists | 0.799075 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.