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84,100 | Techniques which can be employed include Pantelides algorithm and dummy derivative index reduction method. Alternatively, a direct solution of high-index DAEs with inconsistent initial conditions is also possible. This solution approach involves a transformation of the derivative elements through orthogonal collocation... | Differential-algebraic equation | 0.799075 |
84,101 | Moreover, they did not measure a reduction in thrust when an attenuator was used to reduce the power that actually entered the resonant cavity by a factor of 10,000, which they said "clearly indicates that the "thrust" is not coming from the EMDrive but from some electromagnetic interaction." They concluded that "magne... | EmDrive | 0.799075 |
84,102 | The model used in Aumann to prove the theorem consists of a finite set of states S {\displaystyle S} with a prior probability p {\displaystyle p} , which is common to all agents. Agent a {\displaystyle a} 's knowledge is given by a partition Π a {\displaystyle \Pi _{a}} of S {\displaystyle S} . The posterior probabilit... | Aumann's agreement theorem | 0.799075 |
84,103 | Jean-Baptiste Biot made many contributions to the scientific community in his lifetime – most notably in optics, magnetism, and astronomy. The Biot–Savart law in magnetism is named after Biot and his colleague Félix Savart for their work in 1820. In their experiment they showed a connection between electricity and magn... | Jean-Baptiste Biot | 0.799074 |
84,104 | Another example can be derived from differential geometry, especially relevant for work on the Maxwell equations. Consider the Hilbert space L 2 {\displaystyle L^{2}} of scalar-valued square-integrable functions on three dimensions { f: R 3 → R } {\displaystyle \left\lbrace f:\mathbb {R} ^{3}\to \mathbb {R} \right\rbra... | Long exact sequence | 0.799074 |
84,105 | Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, also commonly called methyl triflate and abbreviated MeOTf, is the organic compound with the formula CF3SO2OCH3. It is a colourless liquid which finds use in organic chemistry as a powerful methylating agent. The compound is closely related to methyl fluorosulfonate (FSO2OCH3). Althoug... | Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate | 0.799074 |
84,106 | Sphere Spheroid Oblate spheroid Cone (geometry) Ellipsoid Hyperboloid of one sheet Hyperboloid of two sheets Hyperbolic paraboloid (a ruled surface) Paraboloid | List of surfaces | 0.799074 |
84,107 | In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Wagner graph is a 3-regular graph with 8 vertices and 12 edges. It is the 8-vertex Möbius ladder graph. | Wagner graph | 0.799074 |
84,108 | Deligne (1980) was able to prove the hard Lefschetz theorem over finite fields using his second proof of the Weil conjectures. Deligne (1971) had previously shown that the Ramanujan–Petersson conjecture follows from the Weil conjectures. Deligne (1974, section 8) used the Weil conjectures to prove estimates for exponen... | Weil conjectures | 0.799073 |
84,109 | On 19 May 1743 he published the design of a mercury thermometer, the "Thermometer of Lyon" built by the craftsman Pierre Casati that used this scale.In 1744, coincident with the death of Anders Celsius, the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) reversed Celsius's scale. His custom-made "linnaeus-thermometer", for ... | Centigrade scale | 0.799073 |
84,110 | In computer science, corecursion is a type of operation that is dual to recursion. Whereas recursion works analytically, starting on data further from a base case and breaking it down into smaller data and repeating until one reaches a base case, corecursion works synthetically, starting from a base case and building i... | Corecursion | 0.799073 |
84,111 | The Chebotarev density theorem reduces the problem of classifying Galois extensions of a number field to that of describing the splitting of primes in extensions. Specifically, it implies that as a Galois extension of K, L is uniquely determined by the set of primes of K that split completely in it. A related corollary... | Chebotarev's density theorem | 0.799073 |
84,112 | The concept is so new that it is rarely understood, and it is widely misinterpreted, including in software engineering textbooks, papers, and among the communities of programmers and crafters. One of the core issues in software engineering is that its approaches are not empirical enough because a real-world validation ... | Software engineering economics | 0.799073 |
84,113 | Chomsky has speculated that UG might be extremely simple and abstract, for example only a mechanism for combining symbols in a particular way, which he calls "merge". The following quote shows that Chomsky does not use the term "UG" in the narrow sense UG* suggested above: "The conclusion that merge falls within UG hol... | Universal Grammar | 0.799073 |
84,114 | The word "geometry" (from Ancient Greek: geo- "earth", -metron "measurement") initially meant a practical way of processing lengths, regions and volumes in the space in which we live, but was then extended widely (as well as the notion of space in question here). According to Bourbaki,: 131 the period between 1795 (Géo... | Space (mathematics) | 0.799073 |
84,115 | By mid-September, other research claimed that microbes mainly digested natural gas rather than oil. David L. Valentine, a professor of microbial geochemistry at UC Santa Barbara, said that the capability of microbes to break down the leaked oil had been greatly exaggerated. However, biogeochemist Chris Reddy said natur... | Deepwater Horizon oil spill | 0.799073 |
84,116 | In computer science, an interval tree is a tree data structure to hold intervals. Specifically, it allows one to efficiently find all intervals that overlap with any given interval or point. It is often used for windowing queries, for instance, to find all roads on a computerized map inside a rectangular viewport, or t... | Interval tree | 0.799072 |
84,117 | With ∑ i = 1 n x i y i + 1 = ∑ i = 1 n x i − 1 y i {\textstyle \sum _{i=1}^{n}x_{i}y_{i+1}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}x_{i-1}y_{i}\ } (see convention P 0 = P n , P n + 1 = P 1 {\displaystyle P_{0}=P_{n},P_{n+1}=P_{1}} above) one gets Combining both sums and excluding y i {\displaystyle y_{i}} leads to With the identity ∑ i = 1 n x... | Surveyor's formula | 0.799072 |
84,118 | It theorizes that an increasing phenotypic independence corresponds to a decrease in the likelihood that a given mutation will result in an increase in fitness. Expanding on Fisher's work, Sewall Wright provided more evidence in his 1968 book Evolution and the Genetics of Populations: Genetic and Biometric Foundations ... | Pleiotropy | 0.799072 |
84,119 | While there is additional overhead for coordinating the client devices, devices in a cluster can share radio channels and spatial subchannels via short-range wireless links. This means that as the cluster grows, the available instantaneous data bandwidth per user also grows. Thus, instead of the data bandwidth per user... | Cooperative MIMO | 0.799071 |
84,120 | For detection and quantification tasks, so-called observer models have been thoroughly studied and validated against human observers, and a range of spatial-domain models exist in the literature. Image interpretation based on deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) is an active research field, and might become a... | In silico clinical trials | 0.799071 |
84,121 | It follows by a theorem of Élie Cartan that the image of G is a Lie group also. If we now take the limit (in the sense of category theory) over all such spaces V, we get a result about G: Because G acts faithfully on L2(G), G is an inverse limit of Lie groups. It may of course not itself be a Lie group: it may for exam... | Peter–Weyl theorem | 0.799071 |
84,122 | When the ASTM Design subcommittee began developing the AMF specifications, a survey of stakeholders revealed that the key priority for the new standard was the requirement for a non-proprietary format. Units and buildability issues were a concern lingering from problems with the STL format. Other key requirements were ... | Additive Manufacturing File Format | 0.79907 |
84,123 | "Parallel scalability of Hartree–Fock calculations". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 142 (10): 104103. | Edmond Chow | 0.79907 |
84,124 | In mathematical folklore, the "no free lunch" (NFL) theorem (sometimes pluralized) of David Wolpert and William Macready, alludes to the saying "no such thing as a free lunch", that is, there are no easy shortcuts to success. It appeared in the 1997 "No Free Lunch Theorems for Optimization". Wolpert had previously deri... | No free lunch theorem | 0.79907 |
84,125 | The spectral parameter power series (SPPS) method makes use of a generalization of the following fact about homogeneous second-order linear ordinary differential equations: if y is a solution of equation (1) that does not vanish at any point of , then the function is a solution of the same equation and is linearly inde... | Sturm–Liouville equation | 0.79907 |
84,126 | Complex systems is a scientific field that studies the common properties of systems considered complex in nature, society, and science. It is also called complex systems theory, complexity science, study of complex systems and/or sciences of complexity. The key problems of such systems are difficulties with their forma... | Dynamic systems theory | 0.79907 |
84,127 | Another example is closely related to the failure of some forms of Fubini's theorem for spaces that are not σ-finite. Suppose that X {\displaystyle X} is the unit interval with Lebesgue measure and Y {\displaystyle Y} is the unit interval with the discrete counting measure. Let the ring R {\displaystyle R} be generated... | Carathéodory's extension theorem | 0.799069 |
84,128 | degree in chemistry in 1949. While there he conducted research with Corwin Hansch. Hawthorne completed his Ph.D. in organic chemistry under Donald J. Cram at the University of California, Los Angeles in 1953. He conducted postdoctoral research at Iowa State University with George S. Hammond, before joining the Redstone... | M. Frederick Hawthorne | 0.799069 |
84,129 | The instrument was mounted on an 'English Equatorial mounting' or yoke which sits on ball-bearings on steel piers, swinging east–west and rotating around north–south. The geometry of the mount limits the telescopes access to objects between +60 and −40 degrees of declination but it is extremely sturdy and free from def... | United Kingdom Infrared Telescope | 0.799069 |
84,130 | QuEra uses neutral atoms based on Rubidium which are controlled and trapped using lasers as its qubits. On November 1, 2022, QuEra released its 256-qubit machine Aquila, to the general public through the Amazon cloud service Braket.QuEra currently supports an analog computing mode that relies on the Rydberg blockade ph... | QuEra Computing | 0.799069 |
84,131 | In quantum mechanics, the u-bit or ubit is a proposed theoretical entity which arises in attempts to reformulate wave functions using only real numbers instead of the complex numbers conventionally used. | U-bit | 0.799068 |
84,132 | "The frontal and parietal lobes, specifically the left inferior parietal lobe and the right precentral gyrus were more stimulated than when culturally preferred judgments were made." Thus, a person's societal culture determines how activated this neural network becomes when making visual perceptions. | Neuroanthropology | 0.799068 |
84,133 | In mathematical finance, the Doob decomposition theorem can be used to determine the largest optimal exercise time of an American option. Let X = (X0, X1, . . . | Doob decomposition theorem | 0.799068 |
84,134 | Cognitive function is a term that encompasses mental processes involved in the acquisition of knowledge, manipulation of information, and reasoning. The typical domains categorized as cognitive function are perception (including sensory perception), memory, learning, attention, decision making, and language abilities.O... | Network neuroscience | 0.799068 |
84,135 | The proof of the Hahn–Banach theorem for real vector spaces (HB) commonly uses Zorn's lemma, which in the axiomatic framework of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZF) is equivalent to the axiom of choice (AC). It was discovered by Łoś and Ryll-Nardzewski and independently by Luxemburg that HB can be proved using the ultrafi... | Hahn–Banach theorem | 0.799068 |
84,136 | Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) is a standard interface description language for defining data structures that can be serialized and deserialized in a cross-platform way. It is broadly used in telecommunications and computer networking, and especially in cryptography.Protocol developers define data structures in A... | JSON encoding rules | 0.799068 |
84,137 | In chemistry, solid-phase synthesis is a method in which molecules are covalently bound on a solid support material and synthesised step-by-step in a single reaction vessel utilising selective protecting group chemistry. Benefits compared with normal synthesis in a liquid state include: High efficiency and throughput I... | Solid phase synthesis | 0.799068 |
84,138 | Chapter 2, "On Earth as in the Heavens", addresses the history of physics and how it came to be known that physical laws observed on Earth are also observed on the sun and the other planets. In short, how physics became a study of the universal rather than just the terrestrial. Chapter 3, "Seeing Isn't Believing", hint... | Death by Black Hole | 0.799067 |
84,139 | The implications of Arrow's impossibility theorem cast a shadow on the promise of ranked voting. While the median voter theorem demonstrates the feasibility of creating a voting method that functions flawlessly for a broad spectrum of voter preferences, Arrow's theorem posits the impossibility of devising a system that... | Preferential ballot | 0.799067 |
84,140 | The RF metric remains widely used because the idea of using the number of splits that differ between a pair of trees is a relatively intuitive way to assess the differences among trees for many systematists. This is the primary strength of the RF distance and the reason for its continued use in phylogenetics. Of course... | Robinson–Foulds metric | 0.799067 |
84,141 | Some of the most notable examples of this method of communication in recent years have been with the films Contagion and I Am Legend in understanding the spread of disease, NBC's series Parenthood in Asperger's Syndrome, and with the CW's series 90210 and spreading cancer awareness. More recently, film festivals and co... | Health communication | 0.799067 |
84,142 | Note: We will only use the fact that R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } is an ordered field, so the theorem and proof works even when R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } is replaced by any field F {\displaystyle \mathbb {F} } , together with a total order. We first formally state Carathéodory's theorem: The essence of Carathéod... | Carathéodory's theorem (convex hull) | 0.799066 |
84,143 | In its compounds, Zn2+ ions have an electronic configuration 3d10. As such, Zn2+ tends to have a symmetrical coordination geometry in both its complexes and compounds. In both ZnO and ZnS, (zincblende) zinc is bound tetrahedrally bound to four ligands (oxide and sulfide, respectively). Many complexes, such as ZnCl42−,... | Zinc compounds | 0.799066 |
84,144 | In polymer chemistry, materials science, and food science, bloom refers to the migration of one component of a solid mixture to the surface of an article. The process is an example of phase separation or phase aggregation. | Bloom (phase) | 0.799066 |
84,145 | According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 1.227, ranking it 68th out of 84 journals in the category "Psychology, Experimental". Its major focus is on problems of perception, action, cognition, communication, learning, development, and evolution in all species, to the extent that... | Ecological Psychology (journal) | 0.799065 |
84,146 | One feature of a CM-field is that complex conjugation on C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } induces an automorphism on the field which is independent of its embedding into C {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} } . In the notation given, it must change the sign of β. A number field K is a CM-field if and only if it has a "units defe... | CM-field | 0.799065 |
84,147 | Jacob Snow of the ACLU responded, stating Clearview's test "couldn't be more different than the ACLU's work", pointed out the accuracy flaws and lack of actual racial bias methodology, and objected to Clearview implying that ACLU might endorse their "dangerous and untested surveillance product".In 2021, Clearview annou... | Clearview AI | 0.799065 |
84,148 | In measure theory and probability, the monotone class theorem connects monotone classes and 𝜎-algebras. The theorem says that the smallest monotone class containing an algebra of sets G {\displaystyle G} is precisely the smallest 𝜎-algebra containing G . {\displaystyle G.} It is used as a type of transfinite inductio... | Monotone class theorem | 0.799065 |
84,149 | This pulsing can be translated into continuous values. The rate (activations per second, etc.) at which an axon fires converts directly into the rate at which neighboring cells get signal ions introduced into them. The faster a biological neuron fires, the faster nearby neurons accumulate electrical potential (or lose ... | Artificial neuron | 0.799063 |
84,150 | Before 1900, there was known the Cayley–Klein model of Lobachevsky geometry in the unit disk, according to which geodesic lines are chords of the disk and the distance between points is defined as a logarithm of the cross-ratio of a quadruple. For two-dimensional Riemannian metrics, Eugenio Beltrami (1835–1900) proved ... | Hilbert's fourth problem | 0.799063 |
84,151 | David Meir Blei is a professor in the Statistics and Computer Science departments at Columbia University. Prior to fall 2014 he was an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at Princeton University. His work is primarily in machine learning. | David Blei | 0.799063 |
84,152 | In evolutionary biology, megatrajectories are the major evolutionary milestones and directions in the evolution of life. Posited by A. H. Knoll and Richard K. Bambach in their 2000 collaboration, "Directionality in the History of Life," Knoll and Bamback argue that, in consideration of the problem of progress in evolut... | Megatrajectory | 0.799062 |
84,153 | The Dependent Gene: The Fallacy of "Nature vs. Nurture" is a book by developmental psychologist David S. Moore, originally published in 2002 by Times Books and Henry Holt & Company. The book is highly critical of genetic determinism and the nature-nurture debate, emphasizing that gene action is highly dependent on soci... | The Dependent Gene | 0.799062 |
84,154 | Rolling circle replication (RCR) is a process of unidirectional nucleic acid replication that can rapidly synthesize multiple copies of circular molecules of DNA or RNA, such as plasmids, the genomes of bacteriophages, and the circular RNA genome of viroids. Some eukaryotic viruses also replicate their DNA or RNA via t... | Rolling circle | 0.799062 |
84,155 | CSAIL's research activities are organized around a number of semi-autonomous research groups, each of which is headed by one or more professors or research scientists. These groups are divided up into seven general areas of research: Artificial intelligence Computational biology Graphics and vision Language and learnin... | MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory | 0.799062 |
84,156 | As well as discrete metric spaces, there are more general discrete topological spaces, finite metric spaces, finite topological spaces. The time scale calculus is a unification of the theory of difference equations with that of differential equations, which has applications to fields requiring simultaneous modelling of... | Discrete math | 0.799062 |
84,157 | Modern military systems also rely on computers. In 1959 Texaco's Port Arthur refinery became the first chemical plant to use digital process control.Computers did not revolutionize manufacturing because automation, in the form of control systems, had already been in existence for decades, although computers did allow m... | Productivity-improving technologies | 0.799062 |
84,158 | in 1963. Sharpless originally planned to attend medical school after his undergraduate degree, but his research professor convinced him to continue his education in chemistry. He earned his Ph.D. | Karl Barry Sharpless | 0.799062 |
84,159 | As a postdoctoral fellow and a sabbatical visitor, he has done research at the University of Geneva, Switzerland (with A. Tissieres), at the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England (with Hugh E. Huxley), and at the University of Oxford, England. He is a fellow of the American Associ... | Peter Moore (chemist) | 0.799062 |
84,160 | Remote manipulators are used to handle radioactive materials. Telerobotics has been used in installation art pieces; Telegarden is an example of a project where a robot was operated by users through the Web. | Remote handling | 0.799062 |
84,161 | His new job was to teach junior employees geometry. Yoshizawa used the traditional art of origami to understand and communicate geometrical problems.In 1937, he left factory work to pursue origami full-time. | Akira Yoshizawa | 0.799062 |
84,162 | Since every orthogonal transformation can be expressed as a composition of reflections (the Cartan–Dieudonné theorem), it follows that this representation of the pin group is a homomorphism from the pin group onto the orthogonal group. This is often called the twisted adjoint representation. The elements ±1 of the pin ... | Pin group | 0.799061 |
84,163 | Rice's theorem can be succinctly stated in terms of index sets: Let C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} be a class of partial recursive functions with index set C {\displaystyle C} . Then C {\displaystyle C} is recursive if and only if C = ∅ {\displaystyle C=\varnothing } or C = N {\displaystyle C=\mathbb {N} } . Here N {... | Rice's Theorem | 0.799061 |
84,164 | Failure to get Cm(VI) from oxidation of Cm(III) and Cm(IV) may be due to the high Cm4+/Cm3+ ionization potential and the instability of Cm(V).Curium ions are hard Lewis acids and thus form most stable complexes with hard bases. The bonding is mostly ionic, with a small covalent component. Curium in its complexes common... | Curium | 0.799061 |
84,165 | The College of Engineering is one of the six colleges of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, in Kumasi, Ghana. It was established in October 1952 to prepare students for professional qualifications only. It has since grown and expanded and now as a college runs 15 BSc, 20 MSc, MPhil and PhD programm... | College of Engineering (KNUST) | 0.799061 |
84,166 | Any set can be given the discrete topology, in which every subset is open. The only convergent sequences or nets in this topology are those that are eventually constant. Also, any set can be given the trivial topology (also called the indiscrete topology), in which only the empty set and the whole space are open. | General topology | 0.799061 |
84,167 | In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 57 is a family of glycoside hydrolases. Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside h... | Glycoside hydrolase family 57 | 0.79906 |
84,168 | However, Knuth had only finished the first two volumes when he came to Oslo, and thus spent the year on the third volume, next to teaching. The third volume in the series came out just after Knuth returned to Stanford in 1973.By 2011, Volume 4A had been published. Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science... | Donald Knuth | 0.79906 |
84,169 | Nephrologist Dr. Karl Skorecki decided to analyze the Cohanim to see if they were the descendants of one man, in which case they should have a set of common genetic markers. To test this hypothesis, he contacted Dr. Michael Hammer of the University of Arizona, a researcher in molecular genetics and a pioneer in researc... | Genetic studies on Jews | 0.79906 |
84,170 | Today, robotics is a rapidly growing field, as technological advances continue; researching, designing, and building new robots serve various practical purposes, whether domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many robots are built to do jobs that are hazardous to people, such as defusing bombs, finding survivors in... | Robotic manipulation | 0.799059 |
84,171 | This development approach for molecular force fields is today mainly performed in soft-matter physics and associated fields such as chemical engineering, chemistry, and computational biology. A large number of force fields are based on the Lennard-Jones potential, e.g. the TraPPE force field, the OPLS force field, and ... | Lennard-Jones fluid | 0.799059 |
84,172 | There are various notational conventions used for connections on vector bundles and principal bundles which will be summarised here. The letter A {\displaystyle A} is the most common symbol used to represent a connection on a vector bundle or principal bundle. It comes from the fact that if one chooses a fixed connecti... | Gauge theory (mathematics) | 0.799059 |
84,173 | The major performance improvements relate to query optimization and improved evaluation of search expressions to reduce query time and improve memory usage. Quality Management adds a new multi-standard capability enabling customers to add or edit a new Standard entry type to define fields that are specific to a selecte... | Traction TeamPage | 0.799059 |
84,174 | This agrees with the expression for a half-wave plate in the table above. These rotations are identical to beam unitary splitter transformation in optical physics given by R ( θ ) = ( r t ′ t r ′ ) {\displaystyle R(\theta )={\begin{pmatrix}r&t'\\t&r'\end{pmatrix}}} where the primed and unprimed coefficients represent b... | Jones vectors | 0.799058 |
84,175 | A cyclostationary process is a signal having statistical properties that vary cyclically with time. A cyclostationary process can be viewed as multiple interleaved stationary processes. For example, the maximum daily temperature in New York City can be modeled as a cyclostationary process: the maximum temperature on Ju... | Cyclostationary process | 0.799058 |
84,176 | Substituents on the cyclopentadienyl ligands alters the redox potential in the expected way: electron-withdrawing groups such as a carboxylic acid shift the potential in the anodic direction (i.e. made more positive), whereas electron-releasing groups such as methyl groups shift the potential in the cathodic direction ... | C10H10Fe | 0.799057 |
84,177 | The debate was precipitated by the reception by Averroes' criticism of Ptolemy, and it was again revived by the recovery of Ptolemy's text and its translation into Latin in the mid-15th century. Otto E. Neugebauer in 1957 argued that the debate in 15th-century Latin scholarship must also have been informed by the criti... | Copernican Revolution | 0.799057 |
84,178 | Nanotechnology is often defined as the study of materials and devices with features on a scale below 100 nanometers. DNA nanotechnology, specifically, is an example of bottom-up molecular self-assembly, in which molecular components spontaneously organize into stable structures; the particular form of these structures ... | DNA nanotechnology | 0.799057 |
84,179 | Dr. Krystal Tsosie (Diné) is a Navajo geneticist and bioethicist at Arizona State University and activist for Indigenous data sovereignty. She is also an educator and an expert on genetic and social identities. Her advocacy and academic work in ameliorating disparities in genetics through community-based participatory ... | Krystal Tsosie | 0.799057 |
84,180 | In computational physics, variational Monte Carlo (VMC) is a quantum Monte Carlo method that applies the variational method to approximate the ground state of a quantum system.The basic building block is a generic wave function | Ψ ( a ) ⟩ {\displaystyle |\Psi (a)\rangle } depending on some parameters a {\displaystyle ... | Variational Monte Carlo | 0.799056 |
84,181 | This has happened in art (in the form of cubism), physics, poetry, communication and educational theory. According to Marshall McLuhan, this paradigm shift was due to the passage from the era of mechanization, which brought sequentiality, to the era of the instant speed of electricity, which brought simultaneity.Multid... | Academic discipline | 0.799056 |
84,182 | As computational power continues to grow, machine intelligence will represent an ever-larger percentage of total intelligence on the planet. Ultimately it will lead to the Singularity, a merger between biology and technology, which Kurzweil predicts will occur in 2045. | How to Create a Mind | 0.799056 |
84,183 | In computer science, termination analysis is program analysis which attempts to determine whether the evaluation of a given program halts for each input. This means to determine whether the input program computes a total function. It is closely related to the halting problem, which is to determine whether a given progr... | Termination analysis | 0.799056 |
84,184 | Geodynamics – study of modes of transport deformation within the Earth: rock deformation, mantle convection, heat flow, and lithosphere dynamics. Geomagnetism – study of the Earth's magnetic field, including its origin, telluric currents driven by the magnetic field, the Van Allen belts, and the interaction between the... | Outline of geophysics | 0.799056 |
84,185 | In recent research that builds on his work in polymerisation, Gilbert has developed a new way of understanding the biochemistry of the enzymatic processes involved in starch biosynthesis, in collaboration with Dr Melissa Fitzgerald, International Rice Research Institute, Manilla. In this new field, he applied the metho... | Robert Gilbert (chemist) | 0.799056 |
84,186 | The first example of a K3 surface with Picard number 22 was given by Tate (1965), who observed that the Fermat quartic w4 + x4 + y4 + z4 = 0has Picard number 22 over algebraically closed fields of characteristic 3 mod 4. Then Shioda showed that the elliptic modular surface of level 4 (the universal generalized elliptic... | Supersingular K3 surface | 0.799055 |
84,187 | S. Gandz has described Al-Khwarizmi as the father of Algebra: Al-Khwarizmi's algebra is regarded as the foundation and cornerstone of the sciences. In a sense, al-Khwarizmi is more entitled to be called "the father of algebra" than Diophantus because al-Khwarizmi is the first to teach algebra in an elementary form and ... | Al-Khwarizmi | 0.799055 |
84,188 | STS-51-F's primary payload was the laboratory module Spacelab 2. A special part of the modular Spacelab system, the "igloo", which was located at the head of a three-pallet train, provided on-site support to instruments mounted on pallets. The main mission objective was to verify performance of Spacelab systems, determ... | STS-51-F | 0.799054 |
84,189 | For projective curves C over F that are non-singular, it can be shown that Z ( t ) = P ( t ) ( 1 − t ) ( 1 − q t ) , {\displaystyle Z(t)={\frac {P(t)}{(1-t)(1-qt)}}\ ,} with P(t) a polynomial, of degree 2g, where g is the genus of C. Rewriting P ( t ) = ∏ i = 1 2 g ( 1 − ω i t ) , {\displaystyle P(t)=\prod _{i=1}^{2g}(... | Local zeta-function | 0.799054 |
84,190 | In the 1960s, David W. Smith of the University of Washington Medical School (one of the researchers who became known in 1973 for the discovery of fetal alcohol syndrome), popularized the term teratology. With the growth of understanding of the origins of birth defects, the field of teratology as of 2015 overlaps with o... | Teratology | 0.799054 |
84,191 | Flower development is the process by which angiosperms produce a pattern of gene expression in meristems that leads to the appearance of an organ oriented towards sexual reproduction, the flower. There are three physiological developments that must occur in order for this to take place: firstly, the plant must pass fro... | Adventitious bud | 0.799054 |
84,192 | Petrology utilizes the fields of mineralogy, petrography, optical mineralogy, and chemical analysis to describe the composition and texture of rocks. Petrologists also include the principles of geochemistry and geophysics through the study of geochemical trends and cycles and the use of thermodynamic data and experimen... | Petrology | 0.799054 |
84,193 | The W7-X stellarator began Operational phase 1 (OP1.1) on 10 December 2015, successfully producing helium plasma. The objective was to test vital systems and understand the machine's physics. By February 2016, hydrogen plasma was achieved, with temperatures reaching up to 100 million Kelvin. | Thermonuclear energy | 0.799054 |
84,194 | The calculation of the rotation of the Voigt effect in transmission is in principle equivalent to the one of the Faraday effect. In practice, this configuration is not used in general for ferromagnetic samples since the absorption length is weak in this kind of material. However, the use of transmission geometry is mor... | Voigt Effect | 0.799053 |
84,195 | This technique doesn't work for Theorem VIII. Let b ≡ B ≡ 3 (mod 4), and assume ( B b ) = ( b B ) = − 1. {\displaystyle \left({\frac {B}{b}}\right)=\left({\frac {b}{B}}\right)=-1.} | Quadratic reciprocity law | 0.799053 |
84,196 | The formal sciences are the branches of science that are concerned with formal systems, such as logic, mathematics, theoretical computer science, information theory, systems theory, decision theory, statistics. Unlike other branches, the formal sciences are not concerned with the validity of theories based on observati... | Scientific discipline | 0.799053 |
84,197 | Despite his future success, Fenn always felt that his lack of mathematical skills were a hindrance in his career. After submitting several applications, Fenn received offers for teaching assistantships from Yale and Northwestern, and accepted the position at Yale. Fenn did his graduate studies in physical chemistry und... | John B. Fenn | 0.799053 |
84,198 | Most IARPA research is unclassified and openly published. IARPA transfers successful research results and technologies to other government agencies. Notable IARPA investments include quantum computing, superconducting computing, machine learning, and forecasting tournaments. | Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity | 0.799053 |
84,199 | In this approach the strength and type, excitatory or inhibitory, of synaptic connections are represented by the magnitude and sign of weights, that is, numerical coefficients w ′ {\displaystyle w'} in front of the inputs x {\displaystyle x} to a particular neuron. The response of the j {\displaystyle j} -th neuron is ... | Models of neural computation | 0.799053 |
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