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85,000 | "In the U.S., however, informatics is linked with applied computing, or computing in the context of another domain. "A folkloric quotation, often attributed to—but almost certainly not first formulated by—Edsger Dijkstra, states that "computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes." The ... | Computing science | 0.798892 |
85,001 | A 2012 study by the University of Delaware for a 72 GW system considered 28 billion combinations of renewable energy and storage and found the most cost-effective, for the PJM Interconnection, would use 17 GW of solar, 68 GW of offshore wind, and 115 GW of onshore wind, although at times as much as three times the dema... | 100% renewable energy | 0.798891 |
85,002 | If we write F× for the multiplicative group of F (excluding 0), then the determinant is a group homomorphism det: GL(n, F) → F×.that is surjective and its kernel is the special linear group. Therefore, by the first isomorphism theorem, GL(n, F)/SL(n, F) is isomorphic to F×. In fact, GL(n, F) can be written as a semidir... | GL(n,C) | 0.798891 |
85,003 | The ring of adeles A {\displaystyle \mathbb {A} } is the restricted product of all completions of Q , {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} ,} i.e. A = R × ∏ p ′ Q p {\displaystyle \mathbb {A} =\mathbb {R} \times \prod _{p}'\mathbb {Q} _{p}} where the product is over the set P {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}} of all primes, Q p {\d... | Principal congruence subgroup | 0.798891 |
85,004 | In materials science, fragile matter is a granular material that is jammed solid. Everyday examples include beans getting stuck in a hopper in a whole food shop, or milk powder getting jammed in an upside-down bottle. The term was coined by physicist Michael Cates, who asserts that such circumstances warrant a new clas... | Fragile matter | 0.798891 |
85,005 | Consider the following set of data for y obtained at various levels of the independent variable x. The number of trials, mean, variance and standard deviation are presented in the next table. These statistics represent the variance and standard deviation for each subset of data at the various levels of x. If we can ass... | Pooled variance | 0.798891 |
85,006 | However, subsequent studies have refuted the claims made in this paper, and have highlighted that a number of claims made in this study are directly contradicted by the oil company's own well-site reports and documents.In February 2010, a group led by experts from Britain's Durham University said the new clues bolstere... | Sidoarjo mud flow | 0.79889 |
85,007 | In biology, histones are highly basic proteins abundant in lysine and arginine residues that are found in eukaryotic cell nuclei. They act as spools around which DNA winds to create structural units called nucleosomes. Nucleosomes in turn are wrapped into 30-nanometer fibers that form tightly packed chromatin. | Histone | 0.79889 |
85,008 | These operate in a similar way to optical fibres, directing the intense beams of neutrons to experimental stations, where research is done on different materials. Many of the instruments benefit from more than a decade of development, and several of the designs are unique in order to maximise the benefits of the long p... | European Spallation Source | 0.79889 |
85,009 | In 1983, he graduated with honors from Yerevan State University Faculty of Physics with a diploma of Excellence (Red). From 1983 to 1985, he worked at "Lazerayin Tekhnika". He graduated with Honors from the Department of Quantum Radiophysics, Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU). | Armen Mkoyan | 0.79889 |
85,010 | Maria Virgínia Ferreira de Almeida Júdice Gamito Dignum (born 2 May 1964, in Lisbon, Portugal) is a Professor of Computer Science at Umeå University, and an Associated Professor at Delft University of Technology. She leads the Social and Ethical Artificial Intelligence research group. Her research and writing considers... | Virginia Dignum | 0.79889 |
85,011 | As with unimolecular reactions, the keys to the qualitative and quantitative understanding of the many processes in emulsion polymerisation are the rate coefficients of the individual steps. These steps are initiation (how quickly a growing chain starts), propagation (how quickly individual monomer units are added), ra... | Robert Gilbert (chemist) | 0.798889 |
85,012 | Ocean acidification is particularly harmful to deep sea corals because they are made of aragonite, an easily soluble carbonate, and because they are particularly slow growing and will take years to recover. Deep sea trawling is also harming the biodiversity by destroying deep sea habitats which can take years to form. ... | Ocean depths | 0.798889 |
85,013 | In plane geometry the Blaschke–Lebesgue theorem states that the Reuleaux triangle has the least area of all curves of given constant width. In the form that every curve of a given width has area at least as large as the Reuleaux triangle, it is also known as the Blaschke–Lebesgue inequality. It is named after Wilhelm B... | Blaschke–Lebesgue theorem | 0.798889 |
85,014 | As a cloud service system, SINGA-Auto manages the hardware resources, failure recovery, etc. For ease of use, it provides a model zoo, which is a set of built-in machine-learning models for popular tasks such as structured data (e.g., EMR data) analytics, image recognition, and text processing. In the training service,... | Apache SINGA | 0.798889 |
85,015 | Greek mathēmatikē ("mathematics") derives from the Ancient Greek: μάθημα, romanized: máthēma, Attic Greek: Koine Greek: , from the verb manthanein, "to learn". Strictly speaking, a máthēma could be any branch of learning, or anything learnt; however, since antiquity certain mathēmata (mainly arithmetic, geometry, astr... | Greek Mathematics | 0.798889 |
85,016 | How this appeal is made and what this implies as to the definition of intelligence are topics left largely unaddressed. Seth Shostak, a researcher with the SETI Institute, disputed Dembski's comparison of SETI and intelligent design, saying that intelligent design advocates base their inference of design on complexity—... | Intelligent design and science | 0.798888 |
85,017 | Szwarcfiter graduated in 1967 in electronic engineering from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). He received his MA in 1971 from COPPE. In 1975 he obtained his PhD in computer science from the University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, England, under supervision of Leslie Blackett Wilson. | Jayme Luiz Szwarcfiter | 0.798888 |
85,018 | He replaced the diploma-level with a new bachelor of science in chemical engineering degree, offering conversion courses to allow students to upgrade their diplomas to degrees. The first chemical engineering students had enrolled in 1949, and nine graduated with the bachelor of science degree in 1952. The School of Che... | Philip Baxter | 0.798888 |
85,019 | Hans Uszkoreit is a German computational linguist. Hans Uszkoreit studied Linguistics and Computer Science at the Technical University of Berlin and the University of Texas at Austin. While he was studying in Austin, he also worked as a research associate in a large machine translation project at the Linguistics Resear... | Hans Uszkoreit | 0.798888 |
85,020 | Paclitaxel total synthesis in organic chemistry is a major ongoing research effort in the total synthesis of paclitaxel (Taxol). This diterpenoid is an important drug in the treatment of cancer but, also expensive because the compound is harvested from a scarce resource, namely the Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia). Not o... | Paclitaxel total synthesis | 0.798887 |
85,021 | Affinity electrophoresis is a general name for many analytical methods used in biochemistry and biotechnology. Both qualitative and quantitative information may be obtained through affinity electrophoresis. Cross electrophoresis, the first affinity electrophoresis method, was created by Nakamura et al. Enzyme-substrate... | Affinity electrophoresis | 0.798887 |
85,022 | Voltage-controlled resistors are one of the most commonly used analog design blocks: adaptive analog filters, automatic gain-control circuits, clock generators, compressors, electrometers, energy harvesters, expanders, hearing aids, light dimmers, modulators (mixers), artificial neural networks, programmable-gain ampli... | Voltage-controlled resistor | 0.798887 |
85,023 | If F {\displaystyle F} is an isomorphism of the Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra of sentences of L {\displaystyle L} supported by some permutation μ {\displaystyle \mu } of T L {\displaystyle {\cal {T}}L} in the sense that for sentences θ , ϕ {\displaystyle \theta ,\phi } , F ( ) = {\displaystyle F()=~} just when M ⊨ θ ⟺ μ ... | Pure inductive logic | 0.798886 |
85,024 | The chapters are supplemented by historical notes and summaries of results. The former usually appear after a given chapter to contextualize the development of its topics, and the latter are occasionally used sections in which a book's major results are collected and stated without proof. Eléments d'histoire des mathém... | Algèbre commutative | 0.798886 |
85,025 | Advances in the field of recombinant protein engineering and expression, protein purification, NMR, X-ray crystallography and computational chemistry have improved the skills of drug designers to use data that have been gathered on the three-dimensional structures of protein ligand complexes.Most bacterial species have... | Discovery and development of cephalosporins | 0.798886 |
85,026 | Benjamin Weiss (Hebrew: בנימין ווייס; born 1941) is an American-Israeli mathematician known for his contributions to ergodic theory, topological dynamics, probability theory, game theory, and descriptive set theory. | Benjamin Weiss | 0.798886 |
85,027 | (This is at the basis of the Kirby–Paris theorem on Goodstein sequences.) Since Peano arithmetic can prove that any ordinal less than ε0 is well ordered, we say that ε0 measures the proof-theoretic strength of Peano's axioms. But we can do this for systems far beyond Peano's axioms. For example, the proof-theoretic str... | Large countable ordinal | 0.798886 |
85,028 | RecLOH is a term in genetics that is an abbreviation for "Recombinant Loss of Heterozygosity". This is a type of mutation which occurs with DNA by recombination. From a pair of equivalent ("homologous"), but slightly different (heterozygous) genes, a pair of identical genes results. In this case there is a non-reciproc... | RecLOH | 0.798885 |
85,029 | The topology of the well-characterized human Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1) conforms to a UraA-like topology of 14 TMSs (12 α-helical TMSs and 2 mixed coil/helical TMSs). All functionally characterized members of the APC superfamily use cation symport for substrate accumulation except for some members of the AE family which f... | APC superfamily | 0.798885 |
85,030 | Le Sy Vinh and Arndt von Haeseler have shown, by means of massive and systematic simulation experiments, that the accuracy of the ME criterion under the BME branch length estimation model is by far the highest in distance methods and not inferior to those of alternative criteria based e.g., on Maximum Likelihood or Bay... | Minimum Evolution | 0.798885 |
85,031 | In the set P ( E ) p {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}(E)^{p}} of p-tuples of subsets of E, we say a p-tuple ( S 1 , … , S p ) {\displaystyle (S_{1},\dots ,S_{p})} is ≤ another one, ( T 1 , … , T p ) , {\displaystyle (T_{1},\dots ,T_{p}),} if S i ⊆ T i {\displaystyle S_{i}\subseteq T_{i}} for each i = 1,2,...,p. We call ( ... | Sperner's theorem | 0.798885 |
85,032 | Quantum mechanics describes the nature of atomic and subatomic systems using Schrödinger's wave equation. The classical limit of quantum mechanics and many formulations of quantum scattering use wave packets formed from various solutions to this equation. Quantum wave packet profiles change while propagating; they show... | Probability wave | 0.798885 |
85,033 | The penetrating face product is used in the tensor-matrix theory of digital antenna arrays. This operation can also be used in artificial neural network models, specifically convolutional layers. | Elementwise division | 0.798885 |
85,034 | Passerini reaction has been employed for the formation of structures like α-amino acids, α-hydroxy-β-amino acids, α-ketoamides, β-ketoamides, α-hydroxyketones and α-aminoxyamides. The Passerini reaction has synthesized α-Acyloxy carboxamides that have demonstrated activity as anti-cancer medications along with function... | Passerini reaction | 0.798885 |
85,035 | Early in the history of artificial intelligence, it was assumed that the best way for an agent to choose what to do next would be to compute a probably optimal plan, and then execute that plan. This led to the physical symbol system hypothesis, that a physical agent that can manipulate symbols is necessary and sufficie... | Action selection | 0.798885 |
85,036 | This is equivalent to the use of kg instead of g. The use of kmol is not only for "magnitude convenience" but also makes the equations used for modelling chemical engineering systems coherent. For example, the conversion of a flowrate of kg/s to kmol/s only requires dividing by the molar mass in g/mol (as kg kmol = 100... | Reciprocal mole | 0.798885 |
85,037 | The embodied mind thesis challenges other theories, such as cognitivism, computationalism, and Cartesian dualism. It is closely related to the extended mind thesis, situated cognition, and enactivism. The modern version depends on insights drawn from up to date research in psychology, linguistics, cognitive science, dy... | Embodied intelligence | 0.798885 |
85,038 | In a system of differential equations used to describe a time-dependent process, a forcing function is a function that appears in the equations and is only a function of time, and not of any of the other variables. In effect, it is a constant for each value of t. In the more general case, any nonhomogeneous source func... | Forcing function (differential equations) | 0.798884 |
85,039 | Probably the earliest examples of what could be considered true IUIs appeared in the Intelligent Computer Assisted Instruction (ICAI, aka. intelligent tutoring systems) community, which arose in the 1960s and 1970s and become popular (among academics) in the 1980s. Also, in the early 1980s, as expert systems took hold ... | Intelligent user interfaces | 0.798884 |
85,040 | A third LPIRC was held in July 2017 as part of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference (CVPR) in Honolulu, Hawaii. In 2018, two LPIRC competitions were held, one at CVPR in Salt Lake City, Utah in June, and a second online competition in November. These included major new sponsors Google and Facebook. LP... | IEEE Rebooting Computing | 0.798884 |
85,041 | Using gas-phase electron diffraction, Volden et al. confirmed that W(CH3)6 is indeed trigonal prismatic structure with either D3h or C3v symmetry. In 1996, Seppelt et al. reported that W(CH3)6 had a strongly distorted trigonal prismatic coordination geometry based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which they later c... | Hexamethyltungsten | 0.798884 |
85,042 | "Lymphater's Formula" (Polish: "Formula Lymphatera") is a 1961 science fiction short story by Polish writer Stanisław Lem. It is a story of a "mad scientist", mathematician Ammon Lymphater, who invents an artificial intelligence, and then he realizes that it is capable of rendering the humankind obsolete. It was first ... | Lymphater's Formula | 0.798884 |
85,043 | The university consists of an engineering school and a business school. Both are focused on information technology. The engineering school is focused on research in computer science and communications technology and has a total of 764 students. The business school is focused on the managerial and financial aspects of t... | Information and Communications University | 0.798884 |
85,044 | An integral extension A ⊆ B has the going-up property, the lying over property, and the incomparability property (Cohen–Seidenberg theorems). Explicitly, given a chain of prime ideals p 1 ⊂ ⋯ ⊂ p n {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {p}}_{1}\subset \cdots \subset {\mathfrak {p}}_{n}} in A there exists a p 1 ′ ⊂ ⋯ ⊂ p n ′ {\disp... | Complete integral closure | 0.798884 |
85,045 | Examples of disordered hyperuniform systems in physics are disordered ground states, jammed disordered sphere packings, amorphous ices, amorphous speckle patterns, certain fermionic systems, random self-organization, perturbed lattices, and avian photoreceptor cells.In mathematics, disordered hyperuniformity has been s... | Disordered hyperuniformity | 0.798883 |
85,046 | How Data Happened: A History from the Age of Reason to the Age of Algorithms is a 2023 non-fiction book written by Columbia University professors Chris Wiggins and Matthew L. Jones. The book explores the history of data and statistics from the end of the 18th century to the present day. | How Data Happened | 0.798883 |
85,047 | When computing (an approximation of) the exponential function near the argument 0, the result will be close to 1, and computing the value of the difference e x − 1 {\displaystyle e^{x}-1} with floating-point arithmetic may lead to the loss of (possibly all) significant figures, producing a large calculation error, poss... | General complex exponential function | 0.798883 |
85,048 | 2003 – Arvind Borde, Alan Guth, and Alexander Vilenkin prove the Borde–Guth–Vilenkin theorem. 2002 – First data collection of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO). 2002 – James Williams, Slava Turyshev, and Dale Boggs conduct stringent lunar test of violations of the principle of equivalence. ... | Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity | 0.798883 |
85,049 | The real systems studied are often extremely large in terms of the number of particles they contain. In order to make simulations efficient or at all possible, so-called super-particles are used. A super-particle (or macroparticle) is a computational particle that represents many real particles; it may be millions of e... | Particle-in-cell | 0.798883 |
85,050 | Unlike ordinary differential equations, which contain a function of one variable and its derivatives evaluated with the same input, functional differential equations contain a function and its derivatives evaluated with different input values. An example of an ordinary differential equation would be f ′ ( x ) = 2 f ( x... | Functional differential equation | 0.798883 |
85,051 | The pseudoknot motif occurs when a single stranded region of a hairpin loop basepairs with an upstream or downstream sequence within the same RNA strand. The two resulting duplex regions often stack upon one another, forming a stable coaxially stacked composite helix. One example of a pseudoknot motif is the highly sta... | Nucleic acid tertiary structure | 0.798883 |
85,052 | A virtual camera can be then be positioned relative to the 3D roadway surface. Physical evidence is then mapped from the photos onto the 3D roadway to create a three dimensional accident scene drawing. Photogrammetry: Photogrammetry is used to determine the three-dimensional geometry of an object on the accident scene ... | Accident analysis | 0.798883 |
85,053 | The competitors may program their robot in Python via an IDE provided by Student Robotics. Student Robotics does not ban, nor support other methods than the IDE for programming their robots. The competition is free to enter although schools have to make their own travel arrangements and provide the materials to build a... | Student Robotics | 0.798882 |
85,054 | A few gamma rays in astronomy are known to arise from gamma decay (see discussion of SN1987A), but most do not. Photons from astrophysical sources that carry energy in the gamma radiation range are often explicitly called gamma-radiation. In addition to nuclear emissions, they are often produced by sub-atomic particle ... | Γ radiation | 0.798882 |
85,055 | A complex manifold is an atlas compatible with the biholomorphic functions on open sets in Cn. And so forth. Thus, pseudogroups provide a single framework in which to describe many structures on manifolds of importance to differential geometry and topology. | Differentiable manifold | 0.798882 |
85,056 | In North America some of these include Caltech, JPL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NASA Ames, and the University of Toronto. In Europe some of these include Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, University of Bremen, Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, Royal Belgian Institute for S... | Total Carbon Column Observing Network | 0.798882 |
85,057 | As Douglas Hofstadter writes in his 1980 reflection on human thought, Gödel, Escher, Bach, by way of (among other things) the mathematics of art: "The difference between an Escher drawing and non-Euclidean geometry is that in the latter, comprehensible interpretations can be found for the undefined terms, resulting in ... | Mathematical art | 0.798882 |
85,058 | Algenol's newest facility is located in Southwest Florida, just north of Florida Gulf Coast University in Fort Myers, and opened in October 2010. The new commercial development facility is working to create a commercially viable fuel from algae. The site features research labs including engineering facilities, advanced... | Algenol | 0.798881 |
85,059 | Nanoball batteries are an experimental type of battery with either the cathode or anode made of nanosized balls that can be composed of various materials such as carbon and lithium iron phosphate. Batteries which use nanotechnology are more capable than regular batteries because of the vastly improved surface area whic... | Nanoball batteries | 0.798881 |
85,060 | Eratosthenes estimated the circumference of the Earth with great accuracy (see also: history of geodesy).Greek geometrical astronomy developed away from the model of concentric spheres to employ more complex models in which an eccentric circle would carry around a smaller circle, called an epicycle which in turn carrie... | History of astronomy | 0.798881 |
85,061 | Webster Wells. Complete Trigonometry (Boston, MA: D.C. Heath & Co., 1901, copyright 1900). | Webster Wells | 0.798881 |
85,062 | Purely by use of this existence theorem I avoided the lengthy and unclear argumentation of Weierstrass and the highly complicated calculations of Dedekind, and in addition, I believe, only my proof uncovers the inner reason for the validity of the assertions adumbrated by Gauss and formulated by Weierstrass and Dedekin... | Brouwer–Hilbert controversy | 0.798881 |
85,063 | Brouwer "flattens" his sheet as with a flat iron, without removing the folds and wrinkles. Unlike the coffee cup example, the crumpled paper example also demonstrates that more than one fixed point may exist. This distinguishes Brouwer's result from other fixed-point theorems, such as Stefan Banach's, that guarantee un... | Brouwer's fixed-point theorem | 0.79888 |
85,064 | There is another vector quantity not often discussed – it is the time-varying moment of mass polar-vector (not the moment of inertia) related to the boost of the centre of mass of the system, and this combines with the classical angular momentum pseudovector to form an antisymmetric tensor of second order, in exactly t... | Relativistic angular momentum tensor | 0.798879 |
85,065 | The theorem has particular use in algebraic graph theory. The "underlying graph" of a nonnegative n-square matrix is the graph with vertices numbered 1, ..., n and arc ij if and only if Aij ≠ 0. If the underlying graph of such a matrix is strongly connected, then the matrix is irreducible, and thus the theorem applies.... | Frobenius-Perron eigenvector | 0.798879 |
85,066 | Relativistic quantum chemistry combines relativistic mechanics with quantum chemistry to calculate elemental properties and structure, especially for the heavier elements of the periodic table. A prominent example is an explanation for the color of gold: due to relativistic effects, it is not silvery like most other me... | Relativistic effects | 0.798879 |
85,067 | In artificial intelligence (AI), commonsense reasoning is a human-like ability to make presumptions about the type and essence of ordinary situations humans encounter every day. These assumptions include judgments about the nature of physical objects, taxonomic properties, and peoples' intentions. A device that exhibit... | Common sense reasoning | 0.798879 |
85,068 | The idea of quantum field theory began in the late 1920s with British physicist Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the energy of the electromagnetic field; just like in quantum mechanics the energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom was quantized. Quantization is a procedure for constructing a quantum theory st... | Quantum mechanics - simplified | 0.798878 |
85,069 | The gene for LWS is most common in the American Paint Horse, but occurs in any breed that may carry frame genetics, including American Quarter Horses, Appaloosas, Thoroughbreds, Morgan Horses, Miniature Horses, Tennessee Walking Horses, and mustangs, as well as horses that are descended from these breeds. Only two Morg... | Lethal white syndrome | 0.798878 |
85,070 | The previously mentioned applications concern non-convexities in finite-dimensional vector spaces, where points represent commodity bundles. However, economists also consider dynamic problems of optimization over time, using the theories of differential equations, dynamic systems, stochastic processes, and functional a... | Non-convexity (economics) | 0.798878 |
85,071 | In the case of a central simple algebra A over a field F, the reduced norm provides a generalisation of the determinant giving a map K1(A) → F∗ and SK1(A) may be defined as the kernel. Wang's theorem states that if A has prime degree then SK1(A) is trivial, and this may be extended to square-free degree. Wang also show... | Matsumoto's theorem (K-theory) | 0.798878 |
85,072 | A graded-commutative superalgebra satisfies the "supercommutative" law y x = ( − 1 ) | x | | y | x y . {\displaystyle yx=(-1)^{|x||y|}xy.} | Graded (mathematics) | 0.798878 |
85,073 | Thus v 0 ( p ) = v 0 ( p ) − v r ( p ) , {\displaystyle v_{0}(p)=v_{0}(p)-v_{r}(p),} and # + = # ( 0 , r ) , {\displaystyle \#_{+}=\#_{(0,r)},} which makes Descartes' rule of signs a special case of Budan's theorem. As for Descartes' rule of signs, if v ℓ ( p ) − v r ( p ) ≤ 1 , {\displaystyle v_{\ell }(p)-v_{r}(p)\leq... | Fourier's theorem on polynomial real roots | 0.798878 |
85,074 | The closed semigroup H ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {H}}} is maximal in SL(2,C): any larger semigroup must be the whole of SL(2,C).Using computations motivated by theoretical physics, Ferrara et al. (1973) introduced the semigroup H {\displaystyle H} , defined through a set of inequalities. Without identification H {\di... | Weyl calculus | 0.798878 |
85,075 | Artificial intelligence 101 (1), 99-134. Acting under uncertainty: Discrete Bayesian models for mobile-robot navigation (AR Cassandra, LP Kaelbling, JA Kurien). | Leslie P. Kaelbling | 0.798877 |
85,076 | In 1818, he compiled a table of relative atomic weights, where oxygen was set to 100, and which included all of the elements known at the time. This work provided evidence in favour of the atomic theory proposed by John Dalton: that inorganic chemical compounds are composed of atoms of different elements combined in wh... | Jöns Jacob Berzelius | 0.798877 |
85,077 | Exner, George R. (2000). Inside Calculus. | Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics | 0.798877 |
85,078 | In geometry, a vertex configuration is a shorthand notation for representing the vertex figure of a polyhedron or tiling as the sequence of faces around a vertex. For uniform polyhedra there is only one vertex type and therefore the vertex configuration fully defines the polyhedron. (Chiral polyhedra exist in mirror-im... | Face configuration | 0.798877 |
85,079 | Helium-3 is retained inside grains of olivine and pyroxene in the lava flows, building up with exposure time. The helium-3 dates show that the lava stones in the desert pavement at Cima Dome have all been at the surface the same amount of time as the solid lava flows right next to them. He wrote in a July 1995 article ... | Desert pavement | 0.798877 |
85,080 | William Fuller Brown Jr. (21 October 1904 – 1983) was an American physicist who developed the theory of micromagnetics, a continuum theory of ferromagnetism that has had numerous applications in physics and engineering. He published three books: Magnetostatic Principles in Ferromagnetism, Micromagnetics, and Magnetoela... | William Fuller Brown Jr. | 0.798877 |
85,081 | On August 21, 2015, the White House announced that the Astronomy Night that year would take place on the South Lawn of the White House on October 19. Students, teachers, and professionals from the fields of astronomy and the private sector of space exploration were invited to attend. One notable participant was Ahmed M... | White House Astronomy Night | 0.798877 |
85,082 | The three-schema approach in software engineering is an approach to building information systems and systems information management, that promotes the conceptual model as the key to achieving data integration.A schema is a model, usually depicted by a diagram and sometimes accompanied by a language description. The thr... | IDEF1X | 0.798876 |
85,083 | first-order logic Also known as first-order predicate calculus and predicate logic. A collection of formal systems used in mathematics, philosophy, linguistics, and computer science. | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.798876 |
85,084 | Evolutionary biology is the subfield of biology that studies the evolutionary processes (natural selection, common descent, speciation) that produced the diversity of life on Earth. Evolutionary research is concerned with the origin and descent of species, as well as their change over time, and includes scientists from... | Zoology | 0.798876 |
85,085 | Reliability engineering was now changing as it moved towards understanding the physics of failure. Failure rates for components kept dropping, but system-level issues became more prominent. Systems thinking became more and more important. | Systems reliability | 0.798876 |
85,086 | A pedagogical article about the topic: "Charge and Spin Density Waves," Stuart Brown and George Gruner, Scientific American 270, 50 (1994). Authoritative work on Cr: Fawcett, Eric (1988-01-01). "Spin-density-wave antiferromagnetism in chromium". Reviews of Modern Physics. | Spin-density wave | 0.798876 |
85,087 | Shakey the Robot was the first general-purpose mobile robot able to reason about its own actions. While other robots would have to be instructed on each individual step of completing a larger task, Shakey could analyze commands and break them down into basic chunks by itself. Due to its nature, the project combined res... | Shakey the robot | 0.798876 |
85,088 | Astrometry is a branch of astronomy that involves precise measurements of the positions and movements of stars and other celestial bodies. It provides the kinematics and physical origin of the Solar System and this galaxy, the Milky Way. | Astrometry | 0.798876 |
85,089 | With IGC, they will later form the Oeiras Campus. António Coutinho, immunologist and Head of the Immunobiology Unit in Institut Pasteur, is appointed the Director of the Oeiras Advanced Studies in 1991. In 1993 Coutinho starts the Gulbenkian PhD Programme in Biology and Medicine (PGDBM), a pioneering programme in Portu... | Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência | 0.798875 |
85,090 | Effects of climate change on agriculture – interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Composting – Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment. Ecology – scientific study of the relations that living organisms have with respect to each othe... | Agricultural resources | 0.798875 |
85,091 | In working with his colleague, Dr. Wilford Weeks, on scientific papers resulting from the research, it became clear to Anderson that he needed more education. He chose to attend Caltech in geophysics. | Don L. Anderson | 0.798875 |
85,092 | Authors are also commonly required to provide information about ethical aspects of research, particularly where research involves human or animal participants or use of biological material. Provision of incorrect information to journals may be regarded as misconduct. Financial pressures on universities have encouraged ... | Scientific fraud | 0.798875 |
85,093 | Every closed simply connected polyhedral surface with a 3 {\displaystyle 3} -dimensional framework is generically rigid. This theorem demonstrates that Euler's conjecture is true for almost all polyhedra. However, a non-generic polyhedron was found that is not rigid in 3 {\displaystyle 3} -dimensions, disproving the co... | Geometric rigidity | 0.798875 |
85,094 | AI agents can exhibit curiosity through intrinsic motivation. This can be improve the success of an AI agent at various tasks. In artificial intelligence, curiosity is typically defined quantitatively, as the uncertainty the agent has in predicting its own actions given its current state.In 2019, a study trained AI age... | Exploratory behavior | 0.798875 |
85,095 | The second component is a line (the Prévost–Burckhardt line) which is perpendicular to this arc in the median plane, cutting it at the point midway between the two eyes (which may, or may not, be the fixation point). This horopter geometry of an arc in the fixation plane and a perpendicular line remains approximately f... | Vieth-Muller circle | 0.798875 |
85,096 | Paul Felix Neményi (June 5, 1895 – March 1, 1952) was a Hungarian mathematician and physicist who specialized in continuum mechanics. He was known for using what he called the inverse or semi-inverse approach, which applied vector field analysis, to obtain numerous exact solutions of the nonlinear equations of gas dyna... | Paul Neményi | 0.798875 |
85,097 | After Gödel published his proof of the completeness theorem as his doctoral thesis in 1929, he turned to a second problem for his habilitation. His original goal was to obtain a positive solution to Hilbert's second problem (Dawson 1997, p. 63). At the time, theories of the natural numbers and real numbers similar to s... | Gödel's diagonalization method | 0.798875 |
85,098 | He contributed in the calculations on maximum numerical ranges of neutron temperature. In 1980, the TPG completed the calculations on how much radiation would be lost during the process of deuterium burning and, in 1982, the final design of the weapon was completed by Theoretical Physics Group (TPG). Under the leadersh... | Masud Ahmad | 0.798875 |
85,099 | A first order differential equation is said to be homogeneous if it may be written f ( x , y ) d y = g ( x , y ) d x , {\displaystyle f(x,y)dy=g(x,y)dx,} where f and g are homogeneous functions of the same degree of x and y. In this case, the change of variable y = ux leads to an equation of the form d x x = h ( u ) d ... | Glossary of calculus | 0.798875 |
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