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84,800 | The abstract list type L with elements of some type E (a monomorphic list) is defined by the following functions: nil: () → L cons: E × L → L first: L → E rest: L → Lwith the axioms first (cons (e, l)) = e rest (cons (e, l)) = lfor any element e and any list l. It is implicit that cons (e, l) ≠ l cons (e, l) ≠ e cons (... | List (abstract data type) | 0.798931 |
84,801 | In physics, Mermin's device or Mermin's machine is a thought experiment intended to illustrate the non-classical features of nature without making a direct reference to quantum mechanics. The challenge is to reproduce the results of the thought experiment in terms of classical physics. The input of the experiment are p... | Mermin's device | 0.79893 |
84,802 | Mechanical engineering technology is the application of engineering principles and technological developments for the creation of useful products and production machinery. | Mechanical engineering technology | 0.79893 |
84,803 | Consider raindrops falling on a rooftop. The rooftop is the region K ∈ R 2 {\displaystyle K\in \mathbb {R} ^{2}} , while the raindrops can be considered the hits of our system. It is reasonable to assume that the number of raindrops that fall in any particular region of the rooftop follows a poisson distribution. The P... | Poisson scatter theorem | 0.79893 |
84,804 | Its main application focus is data analytics in the field of engineering. Biology applications Functional-structural plant modeling with a graph grammar based language Multicellular development modeling with string-regulated graph grammars Artificial Intelligence/Natural Language Processing OpenCog provides a basic pat... | Graph rewriting | 0.79893 |
84,805 | The neutron precession in an induction field is rather small. Thus in the case of thin films (~1 µm thick) the neutron interaction is rather small. Thus in order to obtain a measurable signal, it has been proposed that a grazing incidence geometry could be used. In such a geometry, the interaction is enhance since the ... | Neutron magnetic imaging | 0.79893 |
84,806 | In October 1960 at the Fifth International Congress on High Speed Photography, A. Anderson, manager of the applied physics department of Westinghouse Research Laboratories stated that, "a new electronic tube, so sensitive it can 'see' individual particles of light, has enabled Westinghouse scientists to photograph the ... | Gerhard W. Goetze | 0.798929 |
84,807 | It was this very translation in which Fermat wrote his famous margin note claiming that he had a proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. The same text renders Diophantus' term παρισὀτης as adaequalitat, which became Fermat's technique of adequality, a pioneering method of infinitesimal calculus.Bachet was the earliest writer w... | Claude Gaspar Bachet de Méziriac | 0.798929 |
84,808 | Among properties of chords of a circle are the following: Chords are equidistant from the center if and only if their lengths are equal. Equal chords are subtended by equal angles from the center of the circle. A chord that passes through the center of a circle is called a diameter and is the longest chord of that spec... | Chord (geometry) | 0.798929 |
84,809 | Designing tracking algorithms for digital objects. Functions on digital space. Curve sketching, a method of drawing a curve pixel by pixel.Digital geometry heavily overlaps with discrete geometry and may be considered as a part thereof. | Digital geometry | 0.798929 |
84,810 | The two main disciplines of geomechanics are soil mechanics and rock mechanics. Former deals with the soil behaviour from a small scale to a landslide scale. The latter deals with issues in geosciences related to rock mass characterization and rock mass mechanics, such as applied to petroleum, mining and civil engineer... | Geomechanics | 0.798928 |
84,811 | The only Severi variety with n=16 is a 16-dimensional variety E6/Spin(10)U(1) in P26 found by Robert Lazarsfeld in 1981.These 4 Severi varieties can be constructed in a uniform way, as orbits of groups acting on the complexifications of the 3 by 3 hermitian matrices over the four real (possibly non-associative) divisio... | Scorza variety | 0.798928 |
84,812 | SmartLab, Data Management Systems Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus. SmartLab is a first-of-a-kind open cloud of smartphones that enables a new line of systems-oriented mobile computing research. Mobile Cloud Networking: Mobile Cloud Networking (MCN) was an EU FP7 Large-scale Integrating ... | Mobile cloud computing | 0.798928 |
84,813 | Airborne observatories have the advantage of height over ground installations, putting them above most of the Earth's atmosphere. They also have an advantage over space telescopes: The instruments can be deployed, repaired and updated much more quickly and inexpensively. The Kuiper Airborne Observatory and the Stratosp... | Telescope dome | 0.798928 |
84,814 | In genetics, expressivity is the degree to which a phenotype is expressed by individuals having a particular genotype. (Alternately, it may refer to the expression of particular gene by individuals having a certain phenotype.) Expressivity is related to the intensity of a given phenotype; it differs from penetrance, wh... | Expressivity (genetics) | 0.798928 |
84,815 | In mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector or simply a vector (sometimes called a geometric vector or spatial vector) is a geometric object that has magnitude (or length) and direction. Vectors can be added to other vectors according to vector algebra. A Euclidean vector is frequently represented by a... | Vector direction | 0.798928 |
84,816 | (2006), Arithmetic duality theorems (2nd ed. ), Charleston, South Carolina: BookSurge, LLC, ISBN 978-1-4196-4274-6, MR 2261462 Negrepontis, Joan W. | Duality theorem | 0.798927 |
84,817 | Krips received a B.Sc. Honors degree from the University of Adelaide in 1965 and a Ph.D. in Mathematical Physics in 1970. His dissertation was on Measurement Theory. | Henry Krips (scholar) | 0.798927 |
84,818 | Nanoengineering is the practice of engineering on the nanoscale. It derives its name from the nanometre, a unit of measurement equalling one billionth of a meter. Nanoengineering is largely a synonym for nanotechnology, but emphasizes the engineering rather than the pure science aspects of the field. | Nanoengineering | 0.798927 |
84,819 | (August 1997). "Theoretical studies on possible sulfur oxides with +2 oxidation states in aqueous solution". Chemical Geology. | Sulfoxylic acid | 0.798927 |
84,820 | This information is used for determining the routes of undersea cables and pipelines, for choosing suitable locations for siting oil rigs and offshore wind turbines and for identifying possible new fisheries.Ongoing oceanographic research includes marine lifeforms, conservation, the marine environment, the chemistry of... | Sea | 0.798927 |
84,821 | in Renewable Energy, Energy Science and Technology, Power and Energy Systems Engineering & Electric Vehicle Technology and PhD programmes in all disciplines of Engineering specifically in the field of Energy. The institute has commenced its academical activities from its transit campus at NMIT Bangalore from 2018. This... | Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology | 0.798927 |
84,822 | The ECO and Global Serializability Theorem(Local, which implies global) ECO together with local conflict serializability, is a sufficient condition to guarantee global conflict serializability. When no concurrency control information beyond atomic commitment messages is shared outside a database (autonomy), and local t... | Commitment ordering | 0.798926 |
84,823 | Inasmuch as an organism must reflect its environment well enough for the organism to be able to survive in it, and to be competitive enough to be able to reproduce at sustainable rate, the structure and reflexes of the organism itself embody knowledge of its environment. This biology-inspired theory of the growth of kn... | Enactivism | 0.798926 |
84,824 | As b = 0 {\displaystyle b=0} and b 2 = f ( a ) {\displaystyle b^{2}=f(a)} , it must be the case that f ( a ) = 0 {\displaystyle f(a)=0} and thus a {\displaystyle a} is a multiple root of f {\displaystyle f} . We conclude that the curve C: y 2 = f ( x ) {\displaystyle C:y^{2}=f(x)} has no singular points if and only if ... | Imaginary hyperelliptic curve | 0.798925 |
84,825 | We review some terminology used in projective geometry. A correlation of a projective geometry is a bijection on its subspaces that reverses containment. In particular, a correlation interchanges points and hyperplanes.A correlation of order two is called a polarity. A polarity is called a unitary polarity if its assoc... | Hermitian variety | 0.798925 |
84,826 | The question of whether nanotechnology represents something 'new' must be answered to decide how best nanotechnology should be regulated. The Royal Society recommended that the UK government assess chemicals in the form of nanoparticles or nanotubes as new substances. Subsequent to this, in 2007 a coalition of over for... | Regulation of nanotechnology | 0.798925 |
84,827 | Taxonomy is the identification, naming, and classification of organisms. Compared to systemization, classification emphasizes whether a species has characteristics of a taxonomic group. The Linnaean classification system developed in the 1700s by Carolus Linnaeus is the foundation for modern classification methods. Lin... | Phylogenetic analysis | 0.798925 |
84,828 | In this flow, the normal speed of the curve is proportional to the cube root of the curvature. The resulting flow is invariant (with a corresponding time scaling) under the affine transformations of the Euclidean plane, a larger symmetry group than the similarity transformations under which the curve-shortening flow is... | Gage–Hamilton–Grayson theorem | 0.798925 |
84,829 | Green strength of metals is typically referenced in the field of powder metallurgy. Powder metallurgy refers to the fabrication of materials or components from powders. In powder metallurgy, the initial green strength is formed during compacting and forming. Increased complexity of parts and geometry have created a nee... | Green strength | 0.798924 |
84,830 | The variable distance between these cameras, called the baseline, can affect the disparity of a specific point on their respective image plane. As the baseline increases, the disparity increases due to the greater angle needed to align the sight on the point. However, in computer vision, binocular disparity is referenc... | Binocular disparity | 0.798924 |
84,831 | In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, the beta-dual or β-dual is a certain linear subspace of the algebraic dual of a sequence space. | Beta-dual space | 0.798924 |
84,832 | The method of moment matching is one of the oldest techniques for determining the mixture parameters dating back to Karl Pearson's seminal work of 1894. In this approach the parameters of the mixture are determined such that the composite distribution has moments matching some given value. In many instances extraction ... | Mixture model | 0.798924 |
84,833 | The difficulties of Tetrix robotics builds can be categorized into three levels. The introductory level of build are Tetrix robots that are remote controlled mobile robots. The second level of difficulty revolves around the use of software tools to program Tetrix robots for various tasks. | Tetrix Robotics Kit | 0.798924 |
84,834 | On the other hand, the product of X and Y in the category of compactly generated spaces agrees with the weak topology and therefore defines a CW complex. Let X and Y be CW complexes. Then the function spaces Hom(X,Y) (with the compact-open topology) are not CW complexes in general. If X is finite then Hom(X,Y) is homot... | Cell complex | 0.798924 |
84,835 | The restricted infinite product is a required technical condition for giving the number field Q {\displaystyle \mathbf {Q} } a lattice structure inside of A Q {\displaystyle \mathbf {A} _{\mathbf {Q} }} , making it possible to build a theory of Fourier analysis (cf. Harmonic analysis) in the adelic setting. This is ana... | Valuation vector | 0.798924 |
84,836 | The concept is also used in geography, astronomy, and meteorology. These divisions are somewhat arbitrary; where, on this table, mega- is assigned global scope, it may only apply continentally or even regionally in other contexts. The interpretations of meso- and macro- must then be adjusted accordingly. | Spatial scale | 0.798924 |
84,837 | In evolutionary developmental biology scientists look at how the different processes in development play a role in how a specific organism reaches its current body plan. The genetic regulation of ontogeny and the phylogenetic process is what allows for this kind of understanding of biology to be possible. By looking at... | Evolutionary Biology | 0.798923 |
84,838 | The elementary catastrophes are also classified by the ADE classification. The ADE diagrams are exactly the quivers of finite type, via Gabriel's theorem. There is also a link with generalized quadrangles, as the three non-degenerate GQs with three points on each line correspond to the three exceptional root systems E6... | ADE classification | 0.798923 |
84,839 | Recoverying the superellipsoid (or superquadrics) representation from raw data (e.g., point cloud, mesh, images, and voxels) is an important task in computer vision, robotics, and physical simulation.Traditional computational methods model the problem as a least-square problem. The goal is to find out the optimal set o... | Superellipsoid | 0.798923 |
84,840 | Macmillan studied science subjects including Honours Mathematics with George Chrystal, Astronomy with Ralph Copeland, and Natural Philosophy with Peter Guthrie Tait and Cargill Gilston Knott. In April 1896 she graduated with a BSc with first-class honours in mathematics and natural philosophy, the first woman at the un... | Chrystal Macmillan | 0.798923 |
84,841 | PSPP is a free software application for analysis of sampled data, intended as a free alternative for IBM SPSS Statistics. It has a graphical user interface and conventional command-line interface. It is written in C and uses GNU Scientific Library for its mathematical routines. The name has "no official acronymic expan... | PSPP | 0.798922 |
84,842 | In mathematics, a fake projective plane (or Mumford surface) is one of the 50 complex algebraic surfaces that have the same Betti numbers as the projective plane, but are not isomorphic to it. Such objects are always algebraic surfaces of general type. | Mumford surface | 0.798922 |
84,843 | In mathematics, a Kempe chain is a device used mainly in the study of the four colour theorem. Intuitively, it is a connected chain of points on a graph with alternating colors. | Kempe chain | 0.798921 |
84,844 | Boyton brought to his attention contemporary mathematics published by the group at the École Polytechnique in Paris. John Brinkley remarked of the 18-year-old Hamilton, "This young man, I do not say will be, but is, the first mathematician of his age. "The college awarded Hamilton two optimes, or off-the-chart grades, ... | William Rowan Hamilton | 0.798921 |
84,845 | ∃ x ∀ y ( y ∈ x ↔ ∀ z ( ∀ w ( ϕ ( w ) → w ∈ z ) → y ∈ z ) ) {\displaystyle \exists x\forall y(y\in x\leftrightarrow \forall z(\forall w(\phi (w)\rightarrow w\in z)\rightarrow y\in z))} where ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is a formula. That is, for every formula ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } , the intersection of all sets which con... | Positive set theory | 0.798921 |
84,846 | The following topologies are a known source of counterexamples for point-set topology. Alexandroff plank Appert topology − A Hausdorff, perfectly normal (T6), zero-dimensional space that is countable, but neither first countable, locally compact, nor countably compact. Arens square Bullet-riddled square - The space 2 ... | List of topologies | 0.798921 |
84,847 | Since neutrons are neutral particles, they do not have to overcome Coulomb repulsion as they approach charged targets, unlike protons and alpha particles. Neutrons can deeply penetrate matter. The magnetic moment of the neutron has therefore been exploited to probe the properties of matter using scattering or diffracti... | Proton gyromagnetic ratio | 0.798921 |
84,848 | In other words, an elliptic curve is supersingular if and only if the group of geometric points of order p is trivial.Supersingular elliptic curves have many endomorphisms over the algebraic closure K ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {K}}} in the sense that an elliptic curve is supersingular if and only if its endomorphism ... | Ordinary elliptic curve | 0.79892 |
84,849 | Raman, in his broadening venture on optics, started to investigate scattering of light starting in 1919. His first phenomenal discovery of the physics of light was the blue colour of seawater. During a voyage home from England on board the S.S. Narkunda in September 1921, he contemplated the blue color of the Mediterra... | C. V. Raman | 0.79892 |
84,850 | In mathematics, a measure algebra is a Boolean algebra with a countably additive positive measure. A probability measure on a measure space gives a measure algebra on the Boolean algebra of measurable sets modulo null sets. | Measure algebra | 0.798919 |
84,851 | Fano earned his doctorate in mathematics at the University of Turin in 1934, under Enrico Persico, with a thesis entitled Sul Calcolo dei Termini Spettrali e in Particolare dei Potenziali di Ionizzazione Nella Meccanica Quantistica (On the Quantum Mechanical Calculation Spectral Terms and their Extension to Ionization)... | Ugo Fano | 0.798919 |
84,852 | Statistical matching uses statistics about data sources data itself to derive similarities with registered data elements. Distinct value analysis - By analyzing all the distinct values in a column the similarity to a registered data element may be made. For example, if a column only has two distinct values of 'male' an... | Metadata discovery | 0.798918 |
84,853 | After a year of high-school teaching, he entered graduate school with the help of his former professor from the University of Chicago to study astronomy at the university's Yerkes Observatory, where he received his Ph.D. in 1921. His dissertation was titled "Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae". In Yerkes, he ... | Edwin Hubble | 0.798918 |
84,854 | However, the most productive and pioneering research was carried out by physicist M.S. Zubairy at the Institute of Physics of Quaid-e-Azam University. Zubairy published two important books on Quantum Computers and high-performance computing throughout his career that are presently taught worldwide. | Supercomputing in Pakistan | 0.798918 |
84,855 | In axiomatic set theory, a mathematical discipline, a morass is an infinite combinatorial structure, used to create "large" structures from a "small" number of "small" approximations. They were invented by Ronald Jensen for his proof that cardinal transfer theorems hold under the axiom of constructibility. A far less c... | Morass (set theory) | 0.798918 |
84,856 | Several monoclonal antibody technologies have been developed recently, such as phage display, single B cell culture, single cell amplification from various B cell populations and single plasma cell interrogation technologies. Different from traditional hybridoma technology, the newer technologies use molecular biology ... | Human monoclonal antibody | 0.798918 |
84,857 | Lawvere studied continuum mechanics as an undergraduate with Clifford Truesdell. He learned of category theory while teaching a course on functional analysis for Truesdell, specifically from a problem in John L. Kelley's textbook General Topology. Lawvere found it a promising framework for simple rigorous axioms for th... | William Lawvere | 0.798917 |
84,858 | The Advanced Continuous Simulation Language, or ACSL (pronounced "axle"), is a computer language designed for modeling and evaluating the performance of continuous systems described by time-dependent, nonlinear differential equations. Like SIMCOS and TUTSIM, ACSL is a dialect of the Continuous System Simulation Languag... | Advanced Continuous Simulation Language | 0.798917 |
84,859 | However, the notion is not underpinned by valid scholarly research. For example, differential outcomes between groups and individuals often occur as a function of biology/psychology and not social background; appropriate 'equitable' resource apportionment would therefore appear to require a clear distinction between wh... | Educational equity | 0.798917 |
84,860 | The SBDS gene is expressed in all tissues and encodes a protein of 250 amino acid residues. A great deal of indirect evidence suggested that the SBDS protein may be involved in an aspect of cellular RNA metabolism or ribosome assembly or function. The wide occurrence of the gene in all archaea and eukaryotes supported ... | Shwachman–Diamond syndrome | 0.798917 |
84,861 | Let A be a unital Jordan algebra. If a, b and a – b are invertible, then Hua's identity holds: In particular if x and 1 – x are invertible, then so too is 1 – x−1 with ( 1 − x ) − 1 + ( 1 − x − 1 ) − 1 = 1. {\displaystyle \displaystyle {(1-x)^{-1}+(1-x^{-1})^{-1}=1.}} | Mutation (Jordan algebra) | 0.798917 |
84,862 | Located within the Gran Sasso mountain, near L'Aquila (Italy). Its experimental halls are covered by 1400 m of rock, which protects experiments from cosmic rays. SNOLAB Aspera European Astroparticle network Started in July 2006 and is responsible for coordinating and funding national research efforts in Astroparticle P... | Particle astrophysics | 0.798916 |
84,863 | In geometry, a uniform polyhedron has regular polygons as faces and is vertex-transitive (i.e., there is an isometry mapping any vertex onto any other). It follows that all vertices are congruent. Uniform polyhedra may be regular (if also face- and edge-transitive), quasi-regular (if also edge-transitive but not face-t... | Uniform polyhedron | 0.798916 |
84,864 | High throughput screens using automated imaging technology (sometimes called high-content screening) have become a standard method for both drug discovery and basic biological research. Using multi-well plates, robotics, and automated microscopy, the same assay can be applied to a large library of possible reagents (ty... | Bioimage informatics | 0.798915 |
84,865 | Originally developed for military use during the Korean War, thermographic cameras have slowly migrated into other fields as varied as medicine and archeology. More recently, the lowering of prices has helped fuel the adoption of infrared viewing technology. Advanced optics and sophisticated software interfaces continu... | Infrared camera | 0.798915 |
84,866 | In the field of topology, the thalweg can be described as a parametrised curve. If the elevation of the valley floor at some position with coordinates (x, y) is represented by a surface z(x, y), then the negative gradient vector field -∇z(x, y) equips each position (x, y) with a vector pointing downhill in the directio... | Thalweg | 0.798915 |
84,867 | The same is true for small limits. Concretely this means that, for example, a fiber product exists and is computed pointwise. When C is small, by the Yoneda lemma, one can view C as the full subcategory of C ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {C}}} . If η: C → D {\displaystyle \eta :C\to D} is a functor, if f: I → C {\displays... | Limit and colimit of presheaves | 0.798915 |
84,868 | One-way hash function, sometimes also called as one-way compression function—compute a reduced hash value for a message (e.g., SHA-256) Symmetric key cryptography—compute a ciphertext decodable with the same key used to encode (e.g., AES) Public-key cryptography—compute a ciphertext decodable with a different key used ... | Cryptographic primitive | 0.798915 |
84,869 | Many automakers such as Ford and Volvo have announced plans to offer fully automated cars in the future. Extensive research and development is being put into automated driving systems, but the biggest problem automakers cannot control is how drivers will use system. Drivers are stressed to stay attentive and safety war... | Automated Driving | 0.798914 |
84,870 | In 1840, Liouville published a proof of the fact that e2 is irrational followed by a proof that e2 is not a root of a second-degree polynomial with rational coefficients. This last fact implies that e4 is irrational. His proofs are similar to Fourier's proof of the irrationality of e. In 1891, Hurwitz explained how it ... | Proof that e is irrational | 0.798914 |
84,871 | There is no support in genetics or brain research for the claim that syntactic structures are innate. Although early brain lesion studies have been interpreted as pointing to a modular view of language, which could support Chomsky's idea of a language organ, the advent of neuroimaging has made it evident that language ... | Universal Grammar | 0.798914 |
84,872 | In mathematics, the Hurewicz theorem is a basic result of algebraic topology, connecting homotopy theory with homology theory via a map known as the Hurewicz homomorphism. The theorem is named after Witold Hurewicz, and generalizes earlier results of Henri Poincaré. | Rational Hurewicz theorem | 0.798914 |
84,873 | Partial differential equations (PDEs) are widely used to describe hydrological processes, suggesting that a high degree of accuracy in hydrological optimization should strive to incorporate PDE constraints into a given optimization. Common examples of PDEs used in hydrology include: Groundwater flow equation Primitive ... | Hydrological optimization | 0.798914 |
84,874 | These systems use the principle of harnessing the power generated from renewable and inexhaustible sources of energy, for example; solar, wind, thermal, biomass, geothermal, and hydropower energy. Solar power is a widely known and used renewable energy source. An increase in technology has allowed solar power to be use... | Ecological Design | 0.798914 |
84,875 | John Cioffi was born and raised in Illinois. He earned a B.S.E.E. degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1978. From 1978 to 1982, Cioffi worked as a modem designer at Bell Laboratories in New Jersey. While at Bell Laboratories, he also attended Stanford University, where he earned a Ph.D. degree ... | John Cioffi | 0.798913 |
84,876 | (ed), Encyclopaedic dictionary of physics, Volume 4, Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 408–410. Bagnold, R.A. | Ralph Bagnold | 0.798913 |
84,877 | Previous speakers have included: 2022: Julie McCann, a day in the life of a smart city 2021: Cecilia Mascolo, Sounding out wearable and audio data for health diagnostics 2020: Mark Girolami, Digital Twins: The Next Phase of the AI Revolution 2019: Krishna Gummadi Engineering a fair future: Why we need to train unbiased... | Turing Talk | 0.798913 |
84,878 | He then applied this symbolic calculus to combinatorial analysis, Bernoulli numbers, difference equations, differential equations, and summability factors. In 1951 he published a further two short papers, Sur l'inversion des transformateurs and Sur une théorie ensembliste des jeux alternatifs, that announced various re... | Claude Berge | 0.798912 |
84,879 | Adding an overall parity-check digit to a quadratic residue code gives an extended quadratic residue code. When p ≡ 3 {\displaystyle p\equiv 3} (mod 4 {\displaystyle 4} ) an extended quadratic residue code is self-dual; otherwise it is equivalent but not equal to its dual. By the Gleason–Prange theorem (named for Andre... | Quadratic residue code | 0.798912 |
84,880 | He graduated from Purdue University and from Central Michigan University. While working at Dow, he received a PhD from the Open University, of which he is a visiting professor. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry. He was vice-president at Delta College. == References == | Thomas H. Lane | 0.798911 |
84,881 | The three streams are collected with the curbside "Fantastic 3" bin system – blue for recyclables, green for compostables, and black for landfill-bound materials – provided to residents and businesses and serviced by San Francisco's sole refuse hauler, Recology. The city's "Pay-As-You-Throw" system charges customers by... | Waste management | 0.798911 |
84,882 | He was also an adjunct professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of California, San Diego, and he was one of five principal investigators in the NASA-sponsored NSCORT program in exobiology. Orgel also participated in NASA's Viking Mars Lander Program as a member of the Molecular Analys... | Leslie Orgel | 0.798911 |
84,883 | Two millennia later, Leonhard Euler proved that all even perfect numbers are of this form. This is known as the Euclid–Euler theorem. It is not known whether there are any odd perfect numbers, nor whether infinitely many perfect numbers exist. The first few perfect numbers are 6, 28, 496 and 8128 (sequence A000396 in t... | Odd perfect number | 0.798911 |
84,884 | Another early self-hosting compiler was written for Lisp by Tim Hart and Mike Levin at MIT in 1962. They wrote a Lisp compiler in Lisp, testing it inside an existing Lisp interpreter. Once they had improved the compiler to the point where it could compile its own source code, it was self-hosting. The compiler as it exi... | History of compiler construction | 0.798911 |
84,885 | Thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) is a form of scanning probe lithography (SPL) whereby material is structured on the nanoscale using scanning probes, primarily through the application of thermal energy. Related fields are thermo-mechanical SPL (see also Millipede memory), thermochemical SPL (or thermochemical... | Thermal scanning probe lithography | 0.798911 |
84,886 | In the study of graph algorithms, Courcelle's theorem is the statement that every graph property definable in the monadic second-order logic of graphs can be decided in linear time on graphs of bounded treewidth. The result was first proved by Bruno Courcelle in 1990 and independently rediscovered by Borie, Parker & To... | Courcelle's theorem | 0.79891 |
84,887 | In the 1890s logicians were reducing the primitive notions of synthetic geometry to an absolute minimum. Giuseppe Peano and Mario Pieri used the expression motion for the congruence of point pairs. Alessandro Padoa celebrated the reduction of primitive notions to merely point and motion in his report to the 1900 Intern... | Group of motions | 0.79891 |
84,888 | The heliosphere is the magnetosphere, astrosphere, and outermost atmospheric layer of the Sun. It takes the shape of a vast, bubble-like region of space. In plasma physics terms, it is the cavity formed by the Sun in the surrounding interstellar medium. The "bubble" of the heliosphere is continuously "inflated" by plas... | Heliosphere | 0.79891 |
84,889 | A disjoint union of paths is called a linear forest. Paths are fundamental concepts of graph theory, described in the introductory sections of most graph theory texts. See, for example, Bondy and Murty (1976), Gibbons (1985), or Diestel (2005). | Linear graph | 0.79891 |
84,890 | Three regimes of statistical distributions can be obtained depending on the properties of the light source: Poissonian, super-Poissonian, and sub-Poissonian. The regimes are defined by the relationship between the variance and average number of photon counts for the corresponding distribution. Both Poissonian and super... | Photon Statistics | 0.79891 |
84,891 | These included a relational model for tabular data, a bioinformatics data model (FASTA) for representing gene sequences and a stand-off markup model for text mining based on the Tipster architecture. Each model has an associated set of data import and export components, as well as specific visualizers, which integrate ... | Discovery Net | 0.79891 |
84,892 | Although the claim is commonly made that two-way HF propagation along a given path is reciprocal, that is, if the signal from location A reaches location B at a good strength, the signal from location B will be similar at station A because the same path is traversed in both directions. However, the ionosphere is far to... | Non-line-of-sight propagation | 0.79891 |
84,893 | Many nanoscale technologies are in development or currently in use. The only one that appears to pose a significant global catastrophic risk is molecular manufacturing, a technique that would make it possible to build complex structures at atomic precision. Molecular manufacturing requires significant advances in nanot... | Global catastrophe scenarios | 0.798909 |
84,894 | This is a list of analysis methods used in materials science. Analysis methods are listed by their acronym, if one exists. | List of materials analysis methods | 0.798909 |
84,895 | Sard's theorem: If f: M → N {\displaystyle f\colon M\to N} is a smooth function between smooth manifolds, then a generic point of N is not a critical value of f – critical values of f are a null set in N. Jacobian criterion / generic smoothness: A generic point of a variety over a field of characteristic zero is smooth... | Generic property | 0.798909 |
84,896 | Probabilistic epigenesis is a way of understanding human behavior based on the relationship between experience and biology. It is a variant form of epigenetics, proposed by American psychologist Gilbert Gottlieb in 1991. Gottlieb’s model is based on Conrad H. Waddington's idea of developmental epigenesis. | Probabilistic epigenesis | 0.798909 |
84,897 | Scientific glassblowing is a specialty field of lampworking used in industry, science, art and design used in research and production. Scientific glassblowing has been used in chemical, pharmaceutical, electronic and physics research including Galileo’s thermometer, Thomas Edison’s light bulb, and vacuum tubes used in ... | Scientific glassblowing | 0.798909 |
84,898 | It is just a proof of concept application and currently supports approximately 15 application/protocols such as eDonkey Obfuscation traffic, Skype UDP and TCP, BitTorrent, IMAP, IRC, MSN, and others. Tstat (TCP STatistic and Analysis Tool) provides insight into traffic patterns and gives details and statistics for nume... | Deep Packet Inspection | 0.798909 |
84,899 | In 1975, they presented how in the causal interpretation of the quantum theory introduced by Bohm in 1952 the concept of a quantum potential leads to the notion of an "unbroken wholeness of the entire universe", and they proposed possible routes to a generalization of the approach to relativity by means of a novel conc... | Basil Hiley | 0.798909 |
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