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85,100 | By the early twentieth century, it had been superseded by "number theory". (The word "arithmetic" is used by the general public to mean "elementary calculations"; it has also acquired other meanings in mathematical logic, as in Peano arithmetic, and computer science, as in floating-point arithmetic.) The use of the ter... | Combinatorial number theory | 0.798874 |
85,101 | One conference specific to Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics is "International Conference on Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics" (ICPB) (http://www.icpb.net) | Pharmaceutical bioinformatics | 0.798874 |
85,102 | However, the general approach of Oparin's theory had great implications for biology, since his work achieved the transformation of the study of the origin of life from a purely speculative field to a structured and broad research program. Thus, since the second half of the twentieth century, Oparin's theory of the orig... | Heterotrophic theory | 0.798874 |
85,103 | Diggs: The Chemistry of "Sweetening" in the Petroleum Industry, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Ausgabe 16, pp. 1113-1115, 1924 M.L. Kalinowski: Doctor sweetening process using sulfur, US patent 2871187 January 27, 1957 | Doctor sweetening process | 0.798874 |
85,104 | This advantage will be conferred by weapons used in the process of resolving disputes, such as those over territorial rights. The use of sexual ornamentation as a signaling device to create a dominance hierarchy among males, also known as a pecking order, allows struggle to proceed without excessive injury or fatality.... | Sperm competition in mammals | 0.798874 |
85,105 | In addition to his theoretical work, Picard made contributions to applied mathematics, including the theories of telegraphy and elasticity. His collected papers run to four volumes. Louis Couturat studied integral calculus with Picard in 1891-1892, taking detailed notes of the lectures. | Émile Picard | 0.798874 |
85,106 | As with the other members of the genus, its biochemistry is remarkable in possession of ubiquinone 10 as its major respiratory quinone, and of glycosphingolipids instead of lipopolysaccharides in its cell envelope. It has been implicated in various types of clinical infections.S. paucimobilis is able to degrade lignin-... | Sphingomonas paucimobilis | 0.798874 |
85,107 | Starting in the late 1960s and into the 1970s, the modeling approaches exploited were dominantly one- and two-dimensional simulators. While TCAD in these early generations showed exciting promise in addressing the physics-oriented challenges of bipolar technology, the superior scalability and power consumption of MOS t... | Semiconductor device modeling | 0.798874 |
85,108 | The kernel of L is a linear subspace of the domain V. In the linear map L: V → W , {\displaystyle L:V\to W,} two elements of V have the same image in W if and only if their difference lies in the kernel of L, that is, From this, it follows that the image of L is isomorphic to the quotient of V by the kernel: In the cas... | Nullity (linear algebra) | 0.798874 |
85,109 | The formula says the elements in the nth row of Pascal's triangle always add up to 2 raised to the nth power. This is obtained from the binomial theorem (∗) by setting x = 1 and y = 1. The formula also has a natural combinatorial interpretation: the left side sums the number of subsets of {1, ..., n} of sizes k = 0, 1,... | Binomial coefficient | 0.798874 |
85,110 | Metal injection moulding (MIM): Here the powder, normally very fine (<25 microns) and spherical, is mixed with plastic or wax binder to near the maximum solid loading, typically around 65% volume, and injection moulded into a mould to form a "green" (with binder) part of complex geometry. This part is then heated or ot... | Powdered metallurgy | 0.798873 |
85,111 | In an 1850 paper, On the Solution of the General Equation of the Fifth Degree, Kronecker solved the quintic equation by applying group theory (though his solution was not in terms of radicals: that was already proven impossible by the Abel–Ruffini theorem). In algebraic number theory Kronecker introduced the theory of ... | Leopold Kronecker | 0.798873 |
85,112 | The defining criterion of a shock wave is that the bulk velocity of the plasma drops from "supersonic" to "subsonic", where the speed of sound cs is defined by c s 2 = γ p / ρ {\displaystyle c_{s}^{2}=\gamma p/\rho } where γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is the ratio of specific heats, p {\displaystyle p} is the pressure, an... | Bow shock | 0.798873 |
85,113 | Most often, the carbonate system is plotted, where the polyprotic acid is carbonic acid (a diprotic acid), and the different species are dissolved carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, bicarbonate, and carbonate. In acidic conditions, the dominant form is CO2; in basic (alkaline) conditions, the dominant form is CO2−3; and in... | Bjerrum plot | 0.798872 |
85,114 | A cellular evolutionary algorithm (cEA) is a kind of evolutionary algorithm (EA) in which individuals cannot mate arbitrarily, but every one interacts with its closer neighbors on which a basic EA is applied (selection, variation, replacement). The cellular model simulates natural evolution from the point of view of th... | Cellular evolutionary algorithm | 0.798872 |
85,115 | The following approaches can all be seen as exemplifying a generalization of Darwinian ideas outside of their original domain of biology. These "Darwinian extensions" can be grouped in two categories, depending on whether they discuss implications of biological (genetic) evolution in other disciplines (e.g. medicine or... | Universal Darwinism | 0.798872 |
85,116 | In chemistry, pi stacking (also called π–π stacking) refers to the presumptive attractive, noncovalent pi interactions (orbital overlap) between the pi bonds of aromatic rings. However this is a misleading description of the phenomena since direct stacking of aromatic rings (the "sandwich interaction") is electrostatic... | Pi-Stacking (chemistry) | 0.798872 |
85,117 | Pfeiffer claimed that even if technological farming could feed the current population, its dependence on fossil fuels, which in 2006 he incorrectly predicted would reach peak output in 2010, would lead to a catastrophic rise in energy and food prices. : 1–2 Claimed deployment constraints to developing nations include t... | Regulation of genetically modified food under controversy | 0.798872 |
85,118 | INSPIRE-HEP – The INSPIRE High-Energy Physics literature database provides BibTeX format citations for over one million high-energy physics papers. JabRef – Open-source cross-platform software application for creating, editing, managing, and searching BibTeX and BibLaTeX files. MathSciNet – Database by the American Mat... | BibTeX | 0.798871 |
85,119 | In astrophysics, what is referred to as "entropy" is actually the adiabatic constant derived as follows. Using the first law of thermodynamics for a quasi-static, infinitesimal process for a hydrostatic system d Q = d U − d W . {\displaystyle dQ=dU-dW.\,} For an ideal gas in this special case, the internal energy, U, i... | Entropy (astrophysics) | 0.798871 |
85,120 | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, or PCOS affects 6-12% of humans with ovaries of reproductive age in the United States, and is one of the common causes of female infertility. The mechanism of PCOS is unknown, but is multifactorial. It has been observed that certain genes related to steroid and androgenic hormone production m... | Ovarian follicle atresia | 0.798871 |
85,121 | The theory is applicable to all organizationally closed or homeostatic processes that produce enduring and coherent products (where spins have a fixed average phase relationship and also in the sense of Nicholas Rescher's coherence theory of truth with the proviso that the sets and their members exert repulsive forces ... | Self-organization in cybernetics | 0.798871 |
85,122 | As a specialty drug, lenalidomide is only available through the a distribution network consisting of specialty pharmacies contracted by the company.In March 2008, Celgene acquired Pharmion Corporation for $2.9 billion.In January 2010, Celgene acquired Gloucester Pharmaceuticals.In June 2010, Celgene agreed to acquire A... | Celgene | 0.798871 |
85,123 | "This vast carbon inventory is an important Look into the geology and climate history of Titan." Several hundred lakes and seas have been observed, with several dozen estimated to contain more hydrocarbon liquid than Earth's oil and gas reserves. The dark dunes that run along the equator contain a volume of organics se... | Colonization of Titan | 0.798871 |
85,124 | Later work by Kummer and others always divided the problem into first and second cases. Sophie Germain primes and safe primes have applications in public key cryptography and primality testing. It has been conjectured that there are infinitely many Sophie Germain primes, but this remains unproven. | Safe and Sophie Germain primes | 0.798871 |
85,125 | Physica Status Solidi, often stylized physica status solidi or pss, is a family of international peer-reviewed, scientific journals, publishing research on all aspects of solid state physics, and materials science. It is owned and published by Wiley–VCH. These journals publish over 2000 articles per year, making it one... | Physica Status Solidi | 0.79887 |
85,126 | Giacomin graduated from St. Thomas High School (Quebec) in Pointe-Claire, Quebec. He later went to Queen's University and completed a B.Sc. Honours in chemical engineering in 1981. | Alan Jeffrey Giacomin | 0.79887 |
85,127 | The bulk system which is a large interconnected electrical system including transmission and control system is experiencing new cybersecurity threats every day. (“Electric Grid Cybersecurity,” 2019). Most of these attacks are aiming the control systems in the grids. These control systems are connected to the internet a... | Power system protection | 0.79887 |
85,128 | In geometry, a triakis octahedron (or trigonal trisoctahedron or kisoctahedron) is an Archimedean dual solid, or a Catalan solid. Its dual is the truncated cube. It can be seen as an octahedron with triangular pyramids added to each face; that is, it is the Kleetope of the octahedron. It is also sometimes called a tris... | Triakis octahedron | 0.79887 |
85,129 | After graduating from New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois, Alberts attended Harvard College, as a pre-medicine major. Bored by assigned laboratory "cooking classes", he petitioned to skip the physical chemistry laboratory requirement and instead was allowed to work with his tutor Jacques Fresco, in Paul M. Doty... | Bruce Alberts | 0.79887 |
85,130 | Crossbar latches have been suggested as components of neuromorphic computing systems. One implementation of this is in the form of a neural network formed from nanowires as discussed in a patent by Greg Snider of Hewlett-Packard. | Crossbar latch | 0.798869 |
85,131 | Some features of TIPC: Service addressing, - address services rather than sockets Service tracking, - subscribe for binding/unbinding of service addresses to sockets Cluster-wide IPC service, - service location is transparent to sender Datagram messaging with unicast, anycast and multicast, - unreliable delivery Connec... | Transparent Inter-process Communication | 0.798869 |
85,132 | Although little is known about the process of filament assembly, depletion of a prolyl isomerase protein in the parvulin family has been shown to accelerate the accumulation of abnormal tau.Neuroinflammation is also involved in the complex cascade leading to AD pathology and symptoms. Considerable pathological and clin... | Biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease | 0.798869 |
85,133 | In their survey article, Lenstra & Stevenhagen (1996) give an earlier result of Frobenius in this area. Suppose K is a Galois extension of the rational number field Q, and P(t) a monic integer polynomial such that K is a splitting field of P. It makes sense to factorise P modulo a prime number p. Its 'splitting type' i... | Chebotaryov density theorem | 0.798869 |
85,134 | In the context of algebraic groups the analogs of Gelfand pairs are called spherical pair. Namely, a pair (G,K) of algebraic groups is called a spherical pair if one of the following equivalent conditions holds. There exists an open (B,K)-double coset in G, where B is the Borel subgroup of G. There is a finite number o... | Gelfand pair | 0.798869 |
85,135 | Cox, David A. (1989), Primes of the form x2 + n y2, New York: Wiley, ISBN 0-471-50654-0Ireland, Kenneth; Rosen, Michael (1990), A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory (Second edition), New York: Springer, ISBN 0-387-97329-XLemmermeyer, Franz (2000), Reciprocity Laws: from Euler to Eisenstein, Springer Monogra... | Biquadratic reciprocity | 0.798868 |
85,136 | The Journal of Membrane Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal on the nature, structure, genesis, and functions of biological membranes and on the physics and chemistry of artificial membranes with a bearing on biomembranes. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor ... | The Journal of Membrane Biology | 0.798868 |
85,137 | In space it is also possible to fit a longer nozzle without suffering from flow separation. Most chemical propellants release energy through redox chemistry, more specifically combustion. As such, both an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent (fuel) must be present in the mixture. | Solid propellants | 0.798868 |
85,138 | Salmon argues that natural-language sentences that are representable as λ-converts of one another (in the sense of Church's lambda-calculus) are, although logically equivalent by λ-conversion, typically not strictly synonymous, i.e., they typically differ in semantic content—as for example "a is large and also a is sea... | Nathan Salmon | 0.798868 |
85,139 | It states that if a motion determined by X ( t ) = P ( t ) A 0 − 1 x ( 0 ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {X} (t)=\mathbf {P} (t)\mathbf {A} _{0}^{-1}\mathbf {x} (0)} is admissible under the conditions of Dirichlet's problem, then the motion determined by the transpose P T {\displaystyle \mathbf {P} ^{T}} of P {\displaystyle \... | Dirichlet's ellipsoidal problem | 0.798868 |
85,140 | In geometry, a flexible polyhedron is a polyhedral surface without any boundary edges, whose shape can be continuously changed while keeping the shapes of all of its faces unchanged. The Cauchy rigidity theorem shows that in dimension 3 such a polyhedron cannot be convex (this is also true in higher dimensions). The fi... | Flexible polyhedron | 0.798868 |
85,141 | The Mo Jing described various aspects of many fields associated with physical science, and provided a small number of geometrical theorems as well. It also defined the concepts of circumference, diameter, radius, and volume. | Roman mathematics | 0.798867 |
85,142 | The formula above involving two parameters was introduced by Arjen Lenstra and Hendrik Lenstra in their article on "Algorithms in Number Theory". It was introduced in their analysis of a discrete logarithm algorithm of Coppersmith. This is the most commonly used form in the literature today. | L-notation | 0.798867 |
85,143 | In number theory, the unit function is a completely multiplicative function on the positive integers defined as: ε ( n ) = { 1 , if n = 1 0 , if n ≠ 1 {\displaystyle \varepsilon (n)={\begin{cases}1,&{\mbox{if }}n=1\\0,&{\mbox{if }}n\neq 1\end{cases}}} It is called the unit function because it is the identity element fo... | Unit function | 0.798867 |
85,144 | They consulted with 40 families, but the women only participated rarely in interviews and never joined them in the field. Due to the division of labor, the knowledge of wild plants for food, medicine, and fibers, among others, was left out of the picture, resulting in a distorted view of which plants were actually impo... | Ethnobotany | 0.798867 |
85,145 | Environmental technoethics: Concerning technological innovations that impact the environment and life. Nanoethics: Concerning ethical and social issues associated with developments in the alteration of matter at the level of atoms and molecules in various disciplines including computer science, engineering, and biology... | Ethics of technology | 0.798867 |
85,146 | In an interview with Asian Scientist Magazine, Ito discussed his vision for the MIT Media Lab, and how he liked the word "learning" better than the word "education". He was appointed professor of the practice of media arts and sciences at MIT in 2016.As of 2023, Ito is a member of the "Council on Extended Intelligence"... | Joi Ito | 0.798867 |
85,147 | This variation is a command-and-control platform that integrates energy storage technology with on-site generation, monitored by a distributed data monitoring and controls system. The fundamental goals of the fractalgrid are to ensure energy security to critical facilities and functions of the local area while reducing... | Fractalgrid | 0.798866 |
85,148 | In the theory of function spaces, such as in functional analysis or homotopy theory, one is commonly interested in continuous functions between topological spaces. One writes Hom ( X , Y ) {\displaystyle {\text{Hom}}(X,Y)} (the Hom functor) for the set of all functions from X {\displaystyle X} to Y {\displaystyle Y} , ... | Currying | 0.798866 |
85,149 | Neither the category of topological spaces with continuous maps nor the category of smooth manifolds with smooth maps is Cartesian closed. Substitute categories have therefore been considered: the category of compactly generated Hausdorff spaces is Cartesian closed, as is the category of Frölicher spaces. In order theo... | Locally cartesian closed category | 0.798866 |
85,150 | Step-growth polymerization is a random process so we can use statistics to calculate the probability of finding a chain with x-structural units ("x-mer") as a function of time or conversion. x AA + x BB ⟶ AA − ( BB − AA ) x − 1 − BB {\displaystyle {\ce {{{\mathit {x}}AA}+{\mathit {x}}BB->AA-(BB-AA)_{{\mathit {x}}-1}-BB... | Step polymerization | 0.798865 |
85,151 | Imidazole (ImH) is an organic compound with the formula C3N2H4. It is a white or colourless solid that is soluble in water, producing a mildly alkaline solution. In chemistry, it is an aromatic heterocycle, classified as a diazole, and has non-adjacent nitrogen atoms in meta-substitution. Many natural products, especia... | Imidazole | 0.798865 |
85,152 | Cronin and Fitch received the Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery in 1980. It turns out that although the KL and KS are weak eigenstates (because they have definite lifetimes for decay by way of the weak force), they are not quite CP eigenstates. Instead, for small ε (and up to normalization), KL = K2 + εK1and si... | Theta-tau puzzle | 0.798865 |
85,153 | It can take up to two years for an AsCan to become formally qualified as an astronaut. Usually, the training process are completed with various training facilities available in NASA: Space training facilities try to replicate or simulate the experience of spaceflight in a spacecraft as closely and realistically as poss... | Space simulator | 0.798865 |
85,154 | An earlier image obtained by ASAS-SN on 26.32 March 2018 showed the nova was a magnitude ~10.4 object at that time, and the object was not detected on ASAS-SN images taken on 15.34 March 2018 and earlier.V906 Carinae was featured in the Astronomy Picture of the Day on 25 March 2018.Pre-discovery images of V906 Carinae ... | V906 Carinae | 0.798864 |
85,155 | Rowland Leonard Brooks (February 6, 1916 – June 18, 1993) was an English mathematician, known for proving Brooks's theorem on the relation between the chromatic number and the degree of graphs. He was born in Lincolnshire, England, studied at Trinity College, Cambridge University, and also worked with fellow Trinity st... | R. Leonard Brooks | 0.798864 |
85,156 | The real ideal triangle group is the reflection group generated by reflections of the hyperbolic plane through the sides of an ideal triangle. Algebraically, it is isomorphic to the free product of three order-two groups (Schwartz 2001). | Ideal triangle | 0.798864 |
85,157 | The difference in approach has led to a vigorous debate between proponents of the two approaches to taxonomy, particularly in well established fields like vertebrate palaeontology and botany. The difference between the statement "B is part of A" (phylogenetic approach) and "B has evolved from A" (evolutionary approach)... | Evolutionary grade | 0.798864 |
85,158 | All loopless outerplanar graphs can be colored using only three colors; this fact features prominently in the simplified proof of Chvátal's art gallery theorem by Fisk (1978). A 3-coloring may be found in linear time by a greedy coloring algorithm that removes any vertex of degree at most two, colors the remaining grap... | Maximal outerplanar graph | 0.798863 |
85,159 | In particular, the result showed that the nuclear force was not a central force, but had a tensor character. Hans Bethe identified the discovery of the deuteron's quadrupole moment as one of the important events during the formative years of nuclear physics.Historically, the task of describing the nuclear force phenome... | Residual strong force | 0.798863 |
85,160 | The Zero Power Physics Reactor or ZPPR (originally named Zero Power Plutonium Reactor) was a split-table-type critical facility located at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, USA. It was designed for the study of the physics of power breeder systems and was capable of simulating fast reactor core compositions charact... | Zero Power Plutonium Reactor | 0.798862 |
85,161 | (Franzén, p. 65) Franzén has defined "provable" earlier in his book: A formal system is a system of axioms (expressed in some formally defined language) and rules of reasoning (also called inference rules), used to derive the theorems of the system. A theorem is any statement in the language of the system obtainable by... | Turing's proof | 0.798862 |
85,162 | Raymond Aubin was the first person to use the term "rippling out" whilst working on his 1976 PhD thesis at the University of Edinburgh. He recognised a common pattern of movement during the rewriting stage of inductive proofs. Alan Bundy later turned this concept on its head by defining rippling to be this pattern of m... | Rippling | 0.798861 |
85,163 | 7th International Thai Institute of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Conference (ITIChE 2017) and The 27th National Thai Institute of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Conference (TIChE 2017) 18–20 October 2017 Shangri-La Hotel, Bangkok The 18th Thailand Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry Con... | Thai Institute of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry | 0.798861 |
85,164 | In chemistry and biochemistry, an oligomer ( ) is a molecule that consists of a few repeating units which could be derived, actually or conceptually, from smaller molecules, monomers. The name is composed of Greek elements oligo-, "a few" and -mer, "parts". An adjective form is oligomeric.The oligomer concept is contra... | Multimeric structure | 0.79886 |
85,165 | The plastic deformation associated with burnishing creates greater heat and friction than from rubbing alone. This reduces the efficiency of the machine and limits its speed. Furthermore, plastic deformation alters the form and geometry of the part. | Burnishing (metal) | 0.79886 |
85,166 | Several Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) have been proposed to unify electromagnetism and the weak and strong forces. Grand unification would imply the existence of an electronuclear force; it is expected to set in at energies of the order of 1016 GeV, far greater than could be reached by any currently feasible particle a... | Theory of Everything | 0.79886 |
85,167 | Vogt's study had a lasting impact on neuroscience. It helped to establish histological analysis as a viable method for studying the brain and led to further research into the relationship between brain structure and function. Today, the study of brain anatomy and function is a thriving field that has contributed to our... | The Study of Vladimir Lenin's brain | 0.79886 |
85,168 | — Barbara Montero, or that "Every physical effect (that is, caused event) has physical sufficient causes" — Agustin Vincente, (According to Vincente, a number of caveats have to be observed, among which is the postulate that "physical entities" are entities postulated by a true theory of physics, a theory of which we a... | Causal closure | 0.79886 |
85,169 | The systematist, a scientist who specializes in systematics, must, therefore, be able to use existing classification systems, or at least know them well enough to skilfully justify not using them. Phenetics was an attempt to determine the relationships of organisms through a measure of overall similarity, making no dis... | Systematics | 0.79886 |
85,170 | {\displaystyle v(x_{1},\dots ,x_{2n})\bullet (x_{1},\dots ,x_{2n})=(x_{2}x_{1}-x_{1}x_{2})+\cdots +(x_{2n}x_{2n-1}-x_{2n-1}x_{2n})=0.} For a 2n-sphere, the ambient Euclidean space is R 2 n + 1 {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2n+1}} which is odd-dimensional, and so this simple process of pairing coordinates is not possible... | Hairy ball theorem | 0.79886 |
85,171 | The random motion corresponding to this zero-point energy never vanishes; it is a consequence of the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics. The uncertainty principle states that no object can ever have precise values of position and velocity simultaneously. The total energy of a quantum mechanical object (potentia... | Zero-point motion | 0.79886 |
85,172 | GeneNetwork is a combined database and open-source bioinformatics data analysis software resource for systems genetics. This resource is used to study gene regulatory networks that link DNA sequence differences to corresponding differences in gene and protein expression and to variation in traits such as health and dis... | GeneNetwork | 0.79886 |
85,173 | Physical properties of aquatic ecosystems are determined by a combination of heat, currents, waves and other seasonal distributions of environmental conditions. The morphometry of a body of water depends on the type of feature (such as a lake, river, stream, wetland, estuary etc.) and the structure of the earth surroun... | Limnology | 0.798859 |
85,174 | Beginning in 2009, she also taught classes at the University of Windsor.In 2013, she joined the faculty of the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at Michigan State University. Her research program focuses on materials simulation for clean energy, including density functional theory studies of diff... | Yue Qi | 0.798859 |
85,175 | ∇ and ∇′ define the same families of affinely parametrized geodesics if and only if S(X, Y) = 0.In other words, the symmetric part of the difference of two connections determines whether they have the same parametrized geodesics, whereas the skew part of the difference is determined by the relative torsions of the two ... | Torsion of connection | 0.798859 |
85,176 | A dialog can be described as an attempt to prove a theorem. The system interacts with user to supply "missing axioms" to help complete the proof (this is called "backward chaining"). This approach was implemented by: Grammatical Framework. IPSIM (Interruptible Prolog SIMulator), in the Circuit Fixit system.The dialog m... | Dialog manager | 0.798859 |
85,177 | Gravity batteries are designed to be paired with renewable energy solutions whose sources (sunlight, wind, etc) are frequently variable and do not necessarily coincide with demand. It is hoped that they will have a better long term cost than chemical batteries, while having fewer environmental issues than other traditi... | Gravity battery | 0.798859 |
85,178 | In algebraic number theory, Kähler differentials may be used to study the ramification in an extension of algebraic number fields. If L / K is a finite extension with rings of integers O and o respectively then the different ideal δL / K, which encodes the ramification data, is the annihilator of the O-module ΩO/o: δ L... | Kähler differentials | 0.798858 |
85,179 | In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene) are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. In other words, a cycloalkane consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring (possibly with side chains), and all of the carbon-carbon bo... | Cyclic hydrocarbons | 0.798858 |
85,180 | Another advantage of lithium disulfide batteries compared to alkaline batteries is that they are less prone to leak. This is particularly important in expensive equipment, where a leaking alkaline battery can damage the equipment due to the corrosive electrolyte coming into contact with sensitive electronics. Lithium i... | AA cell | 0.798858 |
85,181 | For any field F, if two polynomials p(x),q(x) ∈ F are relatively prime then they do not have a common root, for if a ∈ F was a common root, then p(x) and q(x) would both be multiples of x − a and therefore they would not be relatively prime. The fields for which the reverse implication holds (that is, the fields such t... | Algebraically closed | 0.798858 |
85,182 | Superconductors can be divided into two classes according to how this breakdown occurs. In type-I superconductors, superconductivity is abruptly destroyed when the strength of the applied field rises above a critical value Hc. Depending on the geometry of the sample, one may obtain an intermediate state consisting of a... | Meissner effect | 0.798858 |
85,183 | In the field of computer science recently more specific types of modeling languages have emerged. | List of modeling languages | 0.798857 |
85,184 | USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods, Release 3.1 (December 2013); data for 506 foods in the 5 subclasses of flavonoids provided in a separate PDF updated May 2014 FlavoDB, Bioinformatics Centre, India, November 2019 | Sodium hydroxide test | 0.798857 |
85,185 | Index of biology articles Outline of biology Glossaries of sub-disciplines and related fields: Glossary of botany Glossary of ecology Glossary of entomology Glossary of environmental science Glossary of genetics Glossary of ichthyology Glossary of ornithology Glossary of scientific naming Glossary of speciation Glossar... | Glossary of biology | 0.798857 |
85,186 | A density matrix (or, in classical physics, a probability distribution over coordinates and momenta) represents, not a physical situation, but only a certain state of knowledge about a range of possible physical situations". And as von Baeyer puts it, "Wavefunctions are not tethered to electrons and carried along like ... | Wigner's friend | 0.798856 |
85,187 | In stellar astrophysics, the Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit is the maximum mass of a non-fusing, isothermal core that can support an enclosing envelope. It is expressed as the ratio of the core mass to the total mass of the core and envelope. Estimates of the limit depend on the models used and the assumed chemical comp... | Schönberg–Chandrasekhar limit | 0.798856 |
85,188 | Many geneticists at the time did little to bridge the gap between the genetics of natural selection and the origin of reproductive barriers between species. : 3 Ronald Fisher proposed a model of speciation in his 1930 publication The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, where he described disruptive selection acting ... | History of speciation | 0.798856 |
85,189 | Macsyma, one of the oldest general-purpose computer algebra systems; the GPL-licensed version Maxima remains in wide use. MIT OpenCourseWare – the OpenCourseWare movement started in 1999 when the University of Tübingen in Germany published videos of lectures online for its timms initiative (Tübinger Internet Multimedia... | Discoveries and innovation by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology | 0.798856 |
85,190 | This function is called the activation function.The VC dimension of a neural network is bounded as follows:: 234–235 If the activation function is the sign function and the weights are general, then the VC dimension is at most O ( | E | ⋅ log ( | E | ) ) {\displaystyle O(|E|\cdot \log(|E|))} . If the activation funct... | VC Dimension | 0.798856 |
85,191 | Nuclear Physics A, Nuclear Physics B, Nuclear Physics B: Proceedings Supplements and discontinued Nuclear Physics are peer-reviewed scientific journals published by Elsevier. The scope of Nuclear Physics A is nuclear and hadronic physics, and that of Nuclear Physics B is high energy physics, quantum field theory, stati... | Nuclear Physics (journal) | 0.798856 |
85,192 | Freud's postulation is countered by the idea that societal factors, such as gender roles, may play a major role in the development of mental illness. When considering gender and mental illness, one must look to both biology and social/cultural factors to explain areas in which men and women are more likely to develop d... | Mental disorders and gender | 0.798855 |
85,193 | The Kemeny–Young method was developed by John Kemeny in 1959.In 1978, Peyton Young and Arthur Levenglick axiomatically characterized the method, showing that it is the unique neutral method satisfying consistency and the so-called quasi-Condorcet criterion. It can also be characterized using consistency and a monotonic... | Kemeny-Young method | 0.798855 |
85,194 | One important topological operation is the connected sum of two 3-manifolds M 1 # M 2 {\displaystyle M_{1}\#M_{2}} . In fact, from general theorems in topology, we find for a three manifold with a connected sum decomposition M = M 1 # ⋯ # M n {\displaystyle M=M_{1}\#\cdots \#M_{n}} the invariants above for M {\displays... | 3-manifold | 0.798855 |
85,195 | The Keyhole, or Keyhole Nebula, is a small dark cloud of cold molecules and dust within the Carina Nebula, containing bright filaments of hot, fluorescing gas, silhouetted against the much brighter background nebula. John Herschel used the term "lemniscate-oval vacuity" when first describing it, and subsequently referr... | Carina Nebula | 0.798855 |
85,196 | (Iris divination persists today, as "iridology. ")The core theoretical idea in Daugman's algorithms is that the failure of a test of statistical independence can be a very strong basis for pattern recognition, if there is sufficiently high entropy (enough degrees-of-freedom of random variation) among samples from diffe... | Iris scanner | 0.798855 |
85,197 | Graphene has become a valuable and useful nanomaterial due to its exceptionally high tensile strength, electrical conductivity, transparency, and being the thinnest two-dimensional material in the world. The global market for graphene was $9 million in 2012, with most of the demand from research and development in semi... | Anomalous quantum Hall effect | 0.798854 |
85,198 | They argued that no action taken on the first particle could instantaneously affect the other, since this would involve information being transmitted faster than light, which is forbidden by the theory of relativity. They invoked a principle, later known as the "EPR criterion of reality", positing that: "If, without in... | EPR Paradox | 0.798854 |
85,199 | Given an algebraically defined lattice ( L , ∨ , ∧ ) , {\displaystyle (L,\vee ,\wedge ),} one can define a partial order ≤ {\displaystyle \,\leq \,} on L {\displaystyle L} by setting for all elements a , b ∈ L . {\displaystyle a,b\in L.} The laws of absorption ensure that both definitions are equivalent: a = a ∧ b impl... | Lattice (order) | 0.798854 |
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