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85,300 | This calculation utilized the framework of general relativity and quantum field theory. The calculation of Hawking radiation is performed at the black-hole horizon; for a large enough black hole the curvature at the horizon is small and therefore both these theories should be valid. Hawking relied on the no-hair theore... | Black hole information paradox | 0.798828 |
85,301 | For example, computer vision and object based indexing can be used to both identify an object and assist a user in navigating from the location. Spatial contextual awareness plays a key role in this process as it provides an initial geo-reference of the location while simplifying the object recognition process to a man... | Spatial contextual awareness | 0.798828 |
85,302 | Formal languages allow formalizing the concept of well-formed expressions. In the 1930s, a new type of expressions, called lambda expressions, were introduced by Alonzo Church and Stephen Kleene for formalizing functions and their evaluation. They form the basis for lambda calculus, a formal system used in mathematical... | Expression (mathematics) | 0.798828 |
85,303 | A sparsest cut of a graph G = ( V , E ) {\displaystyle G=(V,E)} is a partition for which the ratio of the number of edges connecting the two partitioned components over the product of the numbers of nodes of both components is minimized. This is a NP-hard problem, and it can be approximated to within O ( log n ) {\di... | Approximate max-flow min-cut theorem | 0.798827 |
85,304 | The north and south halves of the tunnel meet in the middle of the mountain at a dog-leg, a technique to assure they did not miss each other (This method is documented by Hermann J. Kienast and other researchers). In planning the dig, Eupalinos used now well-known principles of geometry, codified by Euclid several cent... | Tunnel of Eupalinos | 0.798827 |
85,305 | Center for Cancer ResearchThe CCR includes approximately 250 internal NCI research groups in Frederick and Bethesda.Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsDCEG is made up of eight branches within the Trans-divisional Research Program. | Developmental Therapeutics Program | 0.798826 |
85,306 | Most modern computers are electronic computers with the Von Neumann architecture based on digital electronics, with extensive integration made possible following the invention of the transistor and the scaling of Moore's law. Unconventional computing is, according to a conference description, "an interdisciplinary rese... | Alternative computing | 0.798826 |
85,307 | Such information will advance understanding of the fundamental high-energy processes at the core of the solar flare phenomena. The primary scientific objective of RHESSI was to understand the following processes that take place in the magnetized plasmas of the solar atmosphere during a flare: Impulsive energy release P... | Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager | 0.798826 |
85,308 | Certain conditions have been known to racemize the oxime geometry, leading to the formation of both regioisomers. The rearrangement of aldoximes occurs with stereospecificity in the gas phase and without stereospecificity in the solution phase. A few methodologies allow for the rearrangement of aldoximes to primary ami... | Beckmann rearrangement | 0.798826 |
85,309 | High-level scientific oversight of TCAG's scientific mandate and operations is provided through an external scientific advisory board (SAB). The SAB members are: Edward M. Rubin (Chair), Metabiota Mark Blaxter, Tree of Life Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute Elaine Mardis, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide C... | Centre for Applied Genomics | 0.798826 |
85,310 | Manilius exalts Plato, Socrates, and Pythagoras; proposes a Platonic proof for the existence of God, denies the ekpyrosis (a key Stoic belief in the periodic destruction of the cosmos by an immense conflagration every Great Year followed by a cosmic recreation), never discusses the six Stoic paradoxes as discussed by C... | Astronomica (Manilius) | 0.798826 |
85,311 | Geoffrey K. Martin is a mathematician currently advising in the field of mathematical physics. Martin is also the Associate Professor and Chair of the mathematics department at the University of Toledo. His fields of study include differential geometry, relativity, and the foundations of physics. | Geoffrey K. Martin | 0.798826 |
85,312 | David S. Touretzky is a research professor in the Computer Science Department and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at Carnegie Mellon University. He received a BA in Computer Science at Rutgers University in 1978, and earned a master's degree and a Ph.D. (1984) in Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon Univers... | David S. Touretzky | 0.798825 |
85,313 | Citalopram is a case example of such a compound, and steps were taken to separate out the weaker enantiomer. Thalidomide is a drug whose two enantiomers cause distinctly different effects from one another. The unforeseen teratogenicity of the (R)-(+)-isomer caused it to become an important case study of stereochemistry... | Eudysmic ratio | 0.798825 |
85,314 | Hulme's master's degree topic was on simulating artificial life with Artificial Neural Networks. His PhD spanned modelling bumblebee brains and mathematical optimization. Hulme maintained his connection with UCL after completing his doctorate, staying on in various teaching positions. From 2014 to Oct 2019 he was the D... | Daniel J. Hulme | 0.798825 |
85,315 | A nephroid is an algebraic curve of degree 6. an epicycloid with two cusps a plane simple closed curve = a Jordan curve | Nephroid caustic | 0.798825 |
85,316 | The annealed, or heat treated, Alloy 600 was prone to tube denting and thinning due to water chemistry. Plants that used the Alloy 600 in their water tubes therefore had to install new water chemistry controllers and change the chemicals they put in the water. Due to this, pipe thinning has been taken care of, but on r... | Steam generator (nuclear power) | 0.798825 |
85,317 | In algebraic geometry, an infinitely near point of an algebraic surface S is a point on a surface obtained from S by repeatedly blowing up points. Infinitely near points of algebraic surfaces were introduced by Max Noether (1876).There are some other meanings of "infinitely near point". Infinitely near points can also ... | Infinitely near point | 0.798825 |
85,318 | Switzerland: Swiss Nano Dragster, University of Basel France: Toulouse nanomobile club, Paul Sabatier University Austria/United States: NanoPrix Team University of Graz / Rice University Germany: Nano-windmill Company Technical University of Dresden (TU Dresden) Japan: Nano-Vehicle NIMS-MANA National Institute for Mate... | Nanocar Race | 0.798825 |
85,319 | As an example, the identity matrix commutes with all matrices, which between them do not all commute. If the set of matrices considered is restricted to Hermitian matrices without multiple eigenvalues, then commutativity is transitive, as a consequence of the characterization in terms of eigenvectors. Lie's theorem, wh... | Commuting matrices | 0.798825 |
85,320 | Male and female undergraduates, graduates, and faculty in civil engineering are all eligible to become members if they meet basic requirements. Undergraduates must be in the top third of their class and have completed at least half of the civil engineering curriculum leading to a bachelor's degree. Members are selected... | Chi Epsilon | 0.798824 |
85,321 | The integral of interest is (for an example of an application see Relation between Schrödinger's equation and the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics) We now assume that a and J may be complex. Completing the square By analogy with the previous integrals This result is valid as an integration in the complex ... | Common integrals in quantum field theory | 0.798823 |
85,322 | He was named to the Goodrich C. White professorship in 2001, and retired in 2016.Gould is most noted for his work in the area of Hamiltonian graph theory. His book Mathematics in Games, Sports, and Gambling: The Games People Play won the American Library Association award for Outstanding Academic Titles, 2010. Gould ha... | Ronald Gould (mathematician) | 0.798823 |
85,323 | Colleen M. Fitzpatrick, who has a doctorate in physics and worked as a nuclear physicist with NASA and the US Department of Defense, was the founder of IdentiFinders, an organization that used Y-chromosomal testing to attempt to identify male killers in unsolved homicides.Margaret Press is a novelist who has also had c... | DNA Doe Project | 0.798823 |
85,324 | Dionisios was born in Greece and grew up on the island of Cephalonia, Greece in the Ionian Sea. In 1987, he earned a diploma in chemical engineering from the National Technical University of Athens. He completed a master's degree in 1990 with thesis, "Step Dynamics for Modeling of Crystal Surfaces". He completed his Ph... | Dionisios Vlachos | 0.798823 |
85,325 | Singular cohomology is a powerful invariant in topology, associating a graded-commutative ring with any topological space. Every continuous map f: X → Y determines a homomorphism from the cohomology ring of Y to that of X; this puts strong restrictions on the possible maps from X to Y. Unlike more subtle invariants suc... | Generalized cohomology | 0.798822 |
85,326 | Background independence is a condition in theoretical physics that requires the defining equations of a theory to be independent of the actual shape of the spacetime and the value of various fields within the spacetime. In particular this means that it must be possible not to refer to a specific coordinate system—the t... | Background independence | 0.798822 |
85,327 | It was then possible to look at smaller samples with more precision. Hydrogen isotope applications quickly emerged in petroleum geochemistry by measuring oil, paleoclimatology by observing lipid biomarkers, and ecology by constructing trophic dynamics. | Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry | 0.798822 |
85,328 | The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences is the first of the five Nanoscale Science Research Centers sponsored by the United States Department of Energy. It is located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee and is a collaborative research facility for the synthesis, characterization, theory/ modeling/ simulation, and design of nan... | Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences | 0.798822 |
85,329 | CAD tended to drive leading edge technologies and even push them past their current limits. The best example of this was object-oriented programming and database technology, which were adapted by CAD when most corporate information technology shops were dominated by relational databases and procedural programming.As wi... | Knowledge-based engineering | 0.798821 |
85,330 | The traveling twin transfers his clock reading to a third one, traveling in the opposite direction. Another way of avoiding acceleration effects is the use of the relativistic Doppler effect (see § What it looks like: the relativistic Doppler shift below). Neither Einstein nor Langevin considered such results to be pro... | Twins paradox | 0.798821 |
85,331 | One of the problems with factor analysis has always been finding convincing names for the various artificial factors. In 2000, Flood revived the factorial ecology approach to show that principal components analysis actually gave meaningful answers directly, without resorting to factor rotation. The principal components... | Principal components | 0.798821 |
85,332 | In mathematics, more specifically ring theory, an ideal I of a ring R is said to be a nilpotent ideal if there exists a natural number k such that I k = 0. By I k, it is meant the additive subgroup generated by the set of all products of k elements in I. Therefore, I is nilpotent if and only if there is a natural numbe... | Nilpotent ideal | 0.798821 |
85,333 | SIAM organizes conferences and meetings throughout the year focused on various topics in applied math and computational science. For example, SIAM has hosted an annual conference on data mining since 2001. The establishment of the SIAM Conferences on Discrete Mathematics, held every two years, has been regarded as a si... | Multiscale Modeling and Simulation | 0.798821 |
85,334 | Examples include language-acquisition modules, incest-avoidance mechanisms, cheater-detection mechanisms, intelligence and sex-specific mating preferences, foraging mechanisms, alliance-tracking mechanisms, agent-detection mechanisms, and others. Some mechanisms, termed domain-specific, deal with recurrent adaptive pro... | Environment of evolutionary adaptedness | 0.798821 |
85,335 | ...a means to distinguish a "concluding substitution" In his Introduction Markov observed that "the entire significance for mathematics" of efforts to define algorithm more precisely would be "in connection with the problem of a constructive foundation for mathematics" (p. 2). Ian Stewart (cf Encyclopædia Britannica) s... | Algorithm characterizations | 0.798821 |
85,336 | Chudnovsky's contributions to graph theory include the proof of the strong perfect graph theorem (with Neil Robertson, Paul Seymour, and Robin Thomas) characterizing perfect graphs as being exactly the graphs with no odd induced cycles of length at least 5 or their complements. Other research contributions of Chudnovsk... | Maria Chudnovsky | 0.798821 |
85,337 | For the parameters in the gene regulatory network to affect the neurons in the artificial neural network as intended there must be some connection between them. In an organizational context, each node (neuron) in the artificial neural network has its own gene regulatory network associated with it. The weights (and in s... | Computational neurogenetic modeling | 0.798821 |
85,338 | HetComm Exploratory, working on a new low level API to facilitate communication between hardware components in heterogenous systems ML | Machine Learning Forum, standards on machine learning SYCL, a single-source C++ DSEL for heterogeneous computing (already a standard) | Khronos Group | 0.79882 |
85,339 | Scaffold is C-like language, that compiles to QASM and OpenQASM. It is built on top of the LLVM Compiler Infrastructure to perform optimizations on Scaffold code before generating a specified instruction set. | Quantum program | 0.79882 |
85,340 | Models are formulated as linear optimization problems and can be solved with open-source libraries like HiGHS or commercial solvers like CPLEX. To increase accessibility and enable version-controlled development, specific models are fully defined using CSV files. Compared to similar tools, AnyMOD.jl puts an emphasis on... | Open energy system models | 0.79882 |
85,341 | This is especially useful when dealing with the semantics of different side effects, such as nontermination, mutable state or nondeterminism. Instead of giving two variants of the semantics, one for the call-by-name evaluation order and one for the call-by-value one, one can simply give a semantics for the CBPV term la... | Call-by-push-value | 0.79882 |
85,342 | But "man" means "two-footed animal" (for example), and so if anything is a man, it is necessary (by virtue of the meaning of "man") that it must be a two-footed animal, and so it is impossible at the same time for it not to be a two-footed animal. Thus "it is not possible to say truly at the same time that the same thi... | Principle of non-contradiction | 0.79882 |
85,343 | He moved to Florida in 1946 to teach at the University of Florida in Gainesville, where he stayed until 1959, working as an assistant professor, then becoming associate professor of biology, a position he held from 1950 to 1952. From 1952 to 1959, he was the director of the Florida State Museum. In 1959, he moved to Bo... | Arnold B. Grobman | 0.79882 |
85,344 | Added value of the virtual assistants can come among others from the following: Voice communication can sometimes represent the optimal man-machine communication:It is convenient: there are some sectors where voice is the only way of possible communication, and more generally, it allows to free-up both hands and vision... | Intelligent software assistant | 0.79882 |
85,345 | Descartes's publication of La Géométrie in 1637, which introduced the Cartesian coordinate system, is considered to be the establishment of mathematical analysis. It would be a few decades later that Newton and Leibniz independently developed infinitesimal calculus, which grew, with the stimulus of applied work that co... | Classical analysis | 0.79882 |
85,346 | In 1950, Alan Turing's famous article "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" was published, which proposed what is now called the Turing test as a criterion of intelligence. This criterion depends on the ability of a computer program to impersonate a human in a real-time written conversation with a human judge to the e... | Chatterbox Challenge | 0.798819 |
85,347 | f n {\displaystyle a,b,c_{0},c_{1}...c_{n},d_{1}...d_{n},f_{1}...f_{n}} are found by statistical fitting. On a log–log plot, when f i {\displaystyle f_{i}} is not too large and a {\displaystyle a} is subtracted out from the y-axis, this functional form looks like a series of linear segments connected by arcs; the n {\d... | Neural scaling law | 0.798819 |
85,348 | Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (宇宙科学研究所, Uchū Kagaku Kenkyūsho), or ISAS, is a Japanese national research organization of astrophysics using rockets, astronomical satellites and interplanetary probes which played a major role in Japan's space development. Since 2003, it is a division of Japan Aerospace Ex... | Institute of Space and Astronautical Science | 0.798819 |
85,349 | There are many variants of this lemma, which plays a basic role in singularity theory among other fields. The case m = 1 {\displaystyle m=1} was proven by Anthony P. Morse in 1939, and the general case by Arthur Sard in 1942.A version for infinite-dimensional Banach manifolds was proven by Stephen Smale.The statement i... | Sard's lemma | 0.798819 |
85,350 | A Storytelling Robot Managing Persuasive and Ethical Stances via ACT-R: An Exploratory Study. Augello, A, Città, G., Gentile, M. Lieto, A. (2021). International Journal of Social Robotics, 1-17. | Antonio Lieto | 0.798819 |
85,351 | The device works by sending radio waves through the skin to measure molecular signatures in the blood, which Know Labs’ machine learning algorithms then use to compute the user’s blood sugar levels. The company reports that it has built a prototype but has not attained regulatory approval, as of August 2023. == Referen... | Continuous glucose monitor | 0.798818 |
85,352 | In 2005, Harvard University established a faculty working group to envision the future of bioengineering. The group was called the Harvard Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering (HIBIE), with the committee focused on synthetic biology, living materials, and biological control. HIBIE was co-chaired by Harvard p... | Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering | 0.798818 |
85,353 | If a family of sets B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}} is fixed (that is, ker B ≠ ∅ {\displaystyle \ker {\mathcal {B}}\neq \varnothing } ) then B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}} is ultra if and only if some element of B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}} is a singleton set, in which case B {\displaystyle {\mathcal {B}}} wil... | Cluster point of a filter | 0.798818 |
85,354 | However, by incorporating a special texture on a conducting surface, a specially designed geometry, it is possible to engineer a high surface impedance and alter its electromagnetic-radio-frequency properties. The protrusions are arranged in a two dimensional lattice structure, and can be visualized as thumbtacks protr... | Artificial magnetic conductor | 0.798818 |
85,355 | The marking method depends on a number of different factors: Part functionNon-intrusive marking methods are recommended for parts used in safety critical applications like aircraft engines or high pressure and high stress systems. Part geometryIt is more difficult to place a Data Matrix on a curved surface than it is o... | Direct part marking | 0.798817 |
85,356 | 1988. 3 – 1991. 8 Research Associate, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea 1995. 1 – 1997. | Eunjoon Kim | 0.798817 |
85,357 | Crystallins from a vertebrate eye lens are classified into three main types: alpha, beta and gamma crystallins. These distinctions are based on the order in which they elute from a gel filtration chromatography column. These are also called ubiquitous crystallins. Beta- and gamma-crystallins (such as CRYGC) are similar... | Alpha crystallin | 0.798817 |
85,358 | In 1930, at the age of 21, he obtained the degree of Doktor nauk (Doctor of Sciences, equivalent to Habilitation), the highest degree in the Soviet Union, which requires the recipient to have made a significant independent contribution to his or her scientific field. This early period of Bogolyubov's work in science wa... | Nikolay Bogolyubov | 0.798817 |
85,359 | Jan Willems was born in Bruges in 1939. He studied engineering at the University of Ghent, obtained the M.Sc. degree from the University of Rhode Island, and the Ph.D. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in electrical engineering in 1968. | Jan Camiel Willems | 0.798817 |
85,360 | Brian Maurice Argrow is an American aerospace engineer and Professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder. Currently, he serves as the Chair of the department. Argrow specializes in the field of hypersonic aerodynamics, rarefied gas dynamics, dense gas dynamics, and ... | Brian Argrow | 0.798816 |
85,361 | One of the advantages of such setup is capability of failover, meaning that in case one link breaks or a fabric goes out of order, datagrams can be sent via the second fabric. The fabric topology allows the connection of up to the theoretical maximum of about 16 million devices, limited only by the available address sp... | Fibre Channel fabric | 0.798816 |
85,362 | A mathematical pupil and disciple in Switzerland, from 1657, was Johann Heinrich Rahn, known as Rhonius. Rahn is credited with the invention of the division sign (÷) from one of the classic symbols for Obelus; it has also been attributed to Pell, who taught Rahn a three-column spreadsheet-style technique of tabulation ... | John Pell (mathematician) | 0.798816 |
85,363 | 33). In the course of his research, Gödel discovered that although a sentence which asserts its own falsehood leads to paradox, a sentence that asserts its own non-provability does not. In particular, Gödel was aware of the result now called Tarski's indefinability theorem, although he never published it. Gödel announc... | Gödel's diagonalization method | 0.798816 |
85,364 | The standard defines the requirements of a hierarchical DGG, including how to operate the grid. Any DGG that satisfies these requirements can be named DGGS. "A DGGS specification SHALL include a DGGS Reference Frame and the associated Functional Algorithms as defined by the DGGS Core Conceptual Data Model". For an Eart... | Discrete Global Grid | 0.798816 |
85,365 | A dynamic equation on Q → R {\displaystyle Q\to \mathbb {R} } is a differential equation which is algebraically solved for a higher-order derivatives. In particular, a first-order dynamic equation on a fiber bundle Q → R {\displaystyle Q\to \mathbb {R} } is a kernel of the covariant differential of some connection Γ {\... | Non-autonomous system (mathematics) | 0.798815 |
85,366 | The European Processor Initiative (EPI) is a European processor project to design and build a new family of European low-power processors for supercomputers, Big Data, automotive, and offering high performance on traditional HPC applications and emerging applications such as on machine learning. It is led by a consorti... | European Processor Initiative | 0.798815 |
85,367 | A multi-anvil press, or anvil press is a type of device related to a machine press that is used to create extraordinarily high pressures within a small volume. Anvil presses are used in materials science and geology for the synthesis and study the different phases of materials under extreme pressure, as well as for the... | Multi anvil | 0.798814 |
85,368 | The volunteer-run EWOC conferences allow women leaders to present their scientific research and also allows the participants to hear career stories of how eminent women in the field of organic chemistry have developed their careers and the challenges they have faced – and overcome – along the way. The meeting consists ... | Empowering Women in Organic Chemistry | 0.798814 |
85,369 | In mathematics, the Erlangen program is a method of characterizing geometries based on group theory and projective geometry. It was published by Felix Klein in 1872 as Vergleichende Betrachtungen über neuere geometrische Forschungen. It is named after the University Erlangen-Nürnberg, where Klein worked. | Erlangen program | 0.798814 |
85,370 | Focused ion beam, also known as FIB, is a technique used particularly in the semiconductor industry, materials science and increasingly in the biological field for site-specific analysis, deposition, and ablation of materials. A FIB setup is a scientific instrument that resembles a scanning electron microscope (SEM). H... | Focussed ion beam | 0.798814 |
85,371 | Let G {\displaystyle G} be a finite group, let K {\displaystyle K} be a commutative ring and let K {\displaystyle K} be the group algebra of G {\displaystyle G} over K . {\displaystyle K.} This algebra is free and a basis can be indexed by the elements of G . {\displaystyle G.} | Complex representations of finite groups | 0.798814 |
85,372 | Dansyl amide is a fluorescent dye that forms in a reaction between dansyl chloride and ammonia. It is the simplest representative of the class of dansyl derivatized amines, which are widely used in biochemistry and chemistry as fluorescent labels. The dansyl amide moiety is also called a dansyl group, and it can be int... | Dansyl amide | 0.798814 |
85,373 | Hours per Day: 3 Days per Week: 3 Weeks per Year: 20 MW Days per Year: 96 Materials/fuel test experiments: No Neutron Scattering: No Neutron Radiography: No Neutron capture therapy: No Activation Analysis: No Transmutation: No Geochronology: No Other Uses: Solid state, nuclear, and reactor physics, chemical research, i... | ETRR-1 | 0.798813 |
85,374 | In 1925, Frank Plumpton Ramsey argued that it is not needed. However in the second edition of Principia Mathematica (1927, page xiv) and in Ramsey's 1926 paper it is stated that certain theorems about real numbers could not be proved using Ramsey's approach. Most later mathematical formalisms (Hilbert's Formalism or Br... | Axiom of reducibility | 0.798813 |
85,375 | When a smooth simple closed curve undergoes the curve-shortening flow, its total absolute curvature decreases monotonically until the curve becomes convex, after which its total absolute curvature remains fixed at 2π until the curve collapses to a point.The total absolute curvature may also be defined for curves in thr... | Total absolute curvature | 0.798813 |
85,376 | A plasma receiver is an instrument capable of detecting vibrations in outer space plasma. It may have been Donald Gurnett, University of Iowa Professor of Physics, who invented the Plasma receiver. Gurnett has been intimately involved in the key space probes sent since 1962 (Ijun III, Voyager I and II, Galileo and Cass... | Plasma receiver | 0.798813 |
85,377 | Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM) etc are common algorithms being used with remote sensed geophysical data, while Simple Linear Iterative Clustering-Convolutional Neural Network (SLIC-CNN) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) etc are commonly applied while dealing with aerial photos and images. Large sc... | Machine learning in earth sciences | 0.798813 |
85,378 | Srinivasa Rao has said, "As for his place in the world of Mathematics, we quote Bruce C. Berndt: 'Paul Erdős has passed on to us Hardy's personal ratings of mathematicians. Suppose that we rate mathematicians on the basis of pure talent on a scale from 0 to 100. Hardy gave himself a score of 25, J. E. Littlewood 30, Da... | Srinivasa Ramanujan | 0.798813 |
85,379 | Muller went on to use x-rays to create Drosophila mutants that he used in his studies of genetics. He also found that X-rays not only mutate genes in fruit flies, but also have effects on the genetic makeup of humans. Similar work by Lewis Stadler also showed the mutational effect of X-rays on barley in 1928, and ultra... | Mutagen | 0.798812 |
85,380 | The company has implemented more than 300 integrated projects, six of which were included in the Top500 list of the world’s most powerful supercomputers. T-Platforms owns patents on a number of supercomputer technologies and electronic components. T-Platforms’ solutions are used for fundamental and applied research in ... | T-Platforms | 0.798812 |
85,381 | In mathematics, the Hales–Jewett theorem is a fundamental combinatorial result of Ramsey theory named after Alfred W. Hales and Robert I. Jewett, concerning the degree to which high-dimensional objects must necessarily exhibit some combinatorial structure; it is impossible for such objects to be "completely random".An ... | Hales–Jewett theorem | 0.798812 |
85,382 | The relationship between these two value functions is called the "Bellman equation". In this approach, the optimal policy in the last time period is specified in advance as a function of the state variable's value at that time, and the resulting optimal value of the objective function is thus expressed in terms of that... | Principle of Optimality | 0.798812 |
85,383 | Graph cut optimization is a combinatorial optimization method applicable to a family of functions of discrete variables, named after the concept of cut in the theory of flow networks. Thanks to the max-flow min-cut theorem, determining the minimum cut over a graph representing a flow network is equivalent to computing ... | Graph cut optimization | 0.798812 |
85,384 | Peter E. Hodgson; Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Structure. Oxford University Press (1971). Irving Kaplan; Nuclear physics, the Addison-Wesley Series in Nuclear Science & Engineering, Addison-Wesley (1956). 2nd edition (1962). | Nuclear structure | 0.798811 |
85,385 | Journal of Graph Theory. 14 (1): 65–71. doi:10.1002/jgt.3190140107. | Norman J. Pullman | 0.798811 |
85,386 | There is increasing evidence in support of genetics being a key factor in the development of OIH through its influence on both pain sensitivity and analgesic control. Current evidence indicates that the genetic influence stems from polymorphisms of the gene coding for the enzyme, Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT). It... | Opioid-induced hyperalgesia | 0.798811 |
85,387 | In single-variable calculus, the fundamental theorem of calculus establishes a link between the derivative and the integral. The link between the derivative and the integral in multivariable calculus is embodied by the integral theorems of vector calculus:: 543ff Gradient theorem Stokes' theorem Divergence theorem Gree... | Multivariable Calculus | 0.798811 |
85,388 | Valuation algebras Dropping the idempotency axiom leads to valuation algebras. These axioms have been introduced by (Shenoy & Shafer 1990) to generalize local computation schemes (Lauritzen & Spiegelhalter 1988) from Bayesian networks to more general formalisms, including belief function, possibility potentials, etc. (... | Valuation algebra | 0.798811 |
85,389 | Gerald Hawkins was born in Great Yarmouth, England and studied physics and mathematics at the University of Nottingham. In 1952 he took a PhD in radio astronomy, studying under Sir Bernard Lovell at the University of Manchester. | Gerald Hawkins | 0.798811 |
85,390 | ShangMi 3 (SM3) is a cryptographic hash function used in the Chinese National Standard. It was published by the National Cryptography Administration (Chinese: 国家密码管理局) on 2010-12-17 as "GM/T 0004-2012: SM3 cryptographic hash algorithm".SM3 is used for implementing digital signatures, message authentication codes, and p... | SM3 (hash function) | 0.798811 |
85,391 | According to Richard Feynman, it was his former graduate student and collaborator Albert Hibbs who originally suggested to him (c. 1959) the idea of a medical use for Feynman's theoretical micromachines (see nanotechnology). Hibbs suggested that certain repair machines might one day be reduced in size to the point that... | Medical nanotechnology | 0.79881 |
85,392 | These detect volatile compounds given off from explosives using gas chromatography.Computed tomography and walk-through body scanning (Thz radiation) may also be done. Artificial intelligence systems are also being used, for example for translation service on information stations around the airport and for reducing the... | Airport security | 0.79881 |
85,393 | While much of computational creativity research focuses on independent and automatic machine-based creativity generation, many researchers are inclined towards a collaboration approach. This human-computer interaction is sometimes categorized under the creativity support tools development. These systems aim to provide ... | Computational creativity | 0.79881 |
85,394 | More generally, the Bethe lattice or infinite Cayley tree is the Cayley graph of the free group on n {\displaystyle n} generators. A presentation of a group G {\displaystyle G} by n {\displaystyle n} generators corresponds to a surjective map from the free group on n {\displaystyle n} generators to the group G , {\disp... | Cayley graph | 0.79881 |
85,395 | These preceding T-pad parameters can be algebraically converted to pi-pad parameters. | Attenuator (electronics) | 0.798809 |
85,396 | Structured analysis and design technique (SADT) is a systems engineering and software engineering methodology for describing systems as a hierarchy of functions. SADT is a structured analysis modelling language, which uses two types of diagrams: activity models and data models. It was developed in the late 1960s by Dou... | Structured technique | 0.798808 |
85,397 | René Descartes defined extension as the property of existing in more than one dimension, a property that was later followed up in Grassmann's n-dimensional algebra. For Descartes, the primary characteristic of matter is extension (res extensa), just as the primary characteristic of mind is thought (res cogitans). | Extension (metaphysics) | 0.798808 |
85,398 | This led to the field of statistical mechanics and the realization that gases undergo irreversible processes. In deterministic physics, all processes are time-reversible, meaning that they can proceed backward as well as forward through time. As Prigogine explains, determinism is fundamentally a denial of the arrow of ... | Ilya Prigogine | 0.798808 |
85,399 | Projective linear transforms are collineations (planes in a vector space correspond to lines in the associated projective space, and linear transforms map planes to planes, so projective linear transforms map lines to lines), but in general not all collineations are projective linear transforms – PGL is in general a pr... | Projective linear group | 0.798807 |
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