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88,100 | Phenomics is the systematic study of traits that make up a phenotype. It was coined by UC Berkeley and LBNL scientist Steven A. Garan. As such, it is a transdisciplinary area of research that involves biology, data sciences, engineering and other fields. | Phenomics | 0.798246 |
88,101 | Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is studied. It is a multidisciplinary approach of research and draws on environmental chemistry, physics, meteorology, computer modeling, oceanography, geology and volcanology and other di... | Atmospheric composition | 0.798246 |
88,102 | SimPy - an open-source discrete-event simulation package based on Python. Simulation of Urban MObility - an open-source traffic simulation package. SOFA - an open-source framework for multi-physics simulation with an emphasis on medical simulation. | List of computer simulation software | 0.798246 |
88,103 | Paula J. Olsiewski is an American biochemist who is a Contributing Scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. She was a Program Director at the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, where she created and directed the Foundation's programs in the Microbiology of the Built Environment, the Chemistry of Indoor Environ... | Paula J. Olsiewski | 0.798246 |
88,104 | Advances in organometallic chemistry have resulted in increased selectivity of cycloheptatriene derivatives. In the 1980s it was found that dirhodium catalysts provide single cyclopropane isomers in high yields. Applications are found in medicine (drug syntheses) and material science (fullerene derivatives). | Buchner ring expansion | 0.798246 |
88,105 | Nevertheless, Ereditato, the OPERA spokesperson, stated that no one had an explanation that invalidated the experiment's results.Previous experiments of neutrino speed played a role in the reception of the OPERA result by the physics community. Those experiments did not detect statistically significant deviations of ne... | Faster-than-light neutrino anomaly | 0.798245 |
88,106 | IEC 62443 is an international series of standards that address cybersecurity for operational technology in automation and control systems. The standard is divided into different sections and describes both technical and process-related aspects of automation and control systems cybersecurity. It divides the cybersecurit... | IEC 62443 | 0.798245 |
88,107 | Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology. The approaches to nanomedicine range from the medical use of nanomaterials, to nanoelectronic biosensors, and even possible future applications of molecular nanotechnology. Nanomedicine seeks to deliver a valuable set of research tools and clinically helpful de... | Impact of nanotechnology | 0.798245 |
88,108 | He announced that, contrary to the expectations of his colleagues, he was not going to teach the Theory of Aggregates, nor Stone's Embedding Theorem, nor even the Stone–Čech compactification. (Several students from the civil engineering department got up and quietly left the room.) At the TUG 2010 Conference, Knuth ann... | Donald Knuth | 0.798245 |
88,109 | The ground state molecular geometry of tricarbon has been identified as linear via its characteristic symmetric and antisymmetric stretching and bending vibrational modes and bears bond lengths of 129 to 130 picometer corresponding to those of alkenes. The ionization potential is determined experimentally at 11 to 13.5... | Triatomic carbon | 0.798245 |
88,110 | It was during this time he developed the Madelung constant, which characterizes the net electrostatic effects of all ions in a crystal lattice, and is used to determine the energy of one ion. In 1921 he succeeded Max Born as the Chair of Theoretical Physics at the Goethe University Frankfurt, which he held until his re... | Erwin Madelung | 0.798245 |
88,111 | By the middle 20th century, standardized methods for pigment chemistry were available, part of an international movement to create such standards in industry. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) develops technical standards for the manufacture of pigments and dyes. ISO standards define various indu... | Natural pigment | 0.798244 |
88,112 | As defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's nomenclature of organic chemistry, hydrocarbons are classified as follows: Saturated hydrocarbons, which are the simplest of the hydrocarbon types. They are composed entirely of single bonds and are saturated with hydrogen. The formula for acyclic sa... | Liquid hydrocarbon | 0.798244 |
88,113 | Biological tissue has little inherent contrast in either the light or electron microscope. Staining is employed to give both contrast to the tissue as well as highlighting particular features of interest. When the stain is used to target a specific chemical component of the tissue (and not the general structure), the t... | Histologic section | 0.798244 |
88,114 | The effect is influenced greatly by the system geometry, with an enhancement of over four orders of magnitude shown to be possible with an alternative branched geometry. Since the EMR effect occurs at room temperature and does not rely on magnetic materials it has many possible benefits for applications including in th... | Extraordinary Magnetoresistance | 0.798244 |
88,115 | In mathematics and theoretical physics (especially twistor string theory), an amplituhedron is a geometric structure introduced in 2013 by Nima Arkani-Hamed and Jaroslav Trnka. It enables simplified calculation of particle interactions in some quantum field theories. In planar N = 4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, al... | Amplituhedron | 0.798243 |
88,116 | Biotechnic & Histochemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all aspects of histochemistry and microtechnic in the biological sciences from botany to cell biology to medicine. It is published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Biological Stain Commission. The journal was established in 1926 as Stain ... | Stain Technology | 0.798243 |
88,117 | In observational astronomy, culmination is the passage of a celestial object (such as the Sun, the Moon, a planet, a star, constellation or a deep-sky object) across the observer's local meridian. These events were also known as meridian transits, used in timekeeping and navigation, and measured precisely using a trans... | Meridian transit | 0.798243 |
88,118 | He was later described as discussing the singularity at the panel in terms of two major milestones in artificial intelligence: 1) Operational Sentience: We can easily converse with computers. 2) The AI Chain Reaction: A computer that boot straps itself to a better self. | David A. McAllester | 0.798243 |
88,119 | Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Polish-American chemist, discoverer of atom-transfer radical polymerization (1995), a novel method of polymer synthesis that has revolutionized the way macromolecules are made. Bohdan Paczyński, Polish astronomer, credited with the development of a new method of detecting space objects and esta... | Timeline of Polish science and technology | 0.798243 |
88,120 | Over the years, computational journalism applications have involved different areas of the newsmaking process: from data gathering to the analysis of big data and their representation. In the beginning, therefore, it was more an aspect area linked to the discipline of data science, where the research and exploration of... | Computational journalism | 0.798243 |
88,121 | Smash Army Math!" On August 24, 1970, near 3:40 am, a bomb exploded next to Sterling Hall, aimed at destroying the Army Math Research Center. Despite the late hour, a post doctoral physics researcher, Robert Fassnacht, was in the lab and was killed in the explosion. | Fundamentally Sound | 0.798242 |
88,122 | In number theory, a kth root of unity modulo n for positive integers k, n ≥ 2, is a root of unity in the ring of integers modulo n; that is, a solution x to the equation (or congruence) x k ≡ 1 ( mod n ) {\displaystyle x^{k}\equiv 1{\pmod {n}}} . If k is the smallest such exponent for x, then x is called a primitive kt... | Root of unity modulo n | 0.798242 |
88,123 | Free-electron lasers require the use of an electron accelerator with its associated shielding, as accelerated electrons can be a radiation hazard if not properly contained. These accelerators are typically powered by klystrons, which require a high-voltage supply. The electron beam must be maintained in a vacuum, which... | Free-electron laser | 0.798241 |
88,124 | For example, it is common to find examples of diseases named disorders in psychiatry and genetics, such at autosomal dominant disorders but uncommon in cardiology. In general, diseases called disorders have a relatively well understood, narrow pathophysiology, such as bipolar disorder, compared to something more generi... | Physical disorder | 0.798241 |
88,125 | While working at Los Alamos during the war, Tuck and Stanislaw Ulam had built an unsuccessful fusion system using shaped charge explosives, but it did not work. Tuck was joined by Australian Peter Thonemann, who had worked on fusion theory, and the two arranged funding through Clarendon to build a small device like the... | ZETA (fusion reactor) | 0.798241 |
88,126 | One of the axioms of a Weil theory is the so-called hard Lefschetz theorem (or axiom): Begin with a fixed smooth hyperplane section W = H ∩ X,where X is a given smooth projective variety in the ambient projective space P N and H is a hyperplane. Then for i ≤ n = dim(X), the Lefschetz operator L: H i(X) → H i+2(X),which... | Standard conjectures on algebraic cycles | 0.798241 |
88,127 | Developing ideas of Fisher and of Pitman from 1938 to 1939, George A. Barnard developed "structural inference" or "pivotal inference", an approach using invariant probabilities on group families. Barnard reformulated the arguments behind fiducial inference on a restricted class of models on which "fiducial" procedures ... | Sampling statistics | 0.798241 |
88,128 | James Benjamin Saxe is an American computer scientist who has worked for many years at the DEC Systems Research Center and its successors, the Compaq Systems Research Center and the Systems Research Center of HP Labs. Saxe is known for his highly-cited publications on automated theorem proving,circuit complexity,retimi... | James B. Saxe | 0.79824 |
88,129 | Such advantages are the generation of distortion-less line shapes, manipulation of spins through a variety of pulse sequences, and the lack of dependence on a sensitive balance between electron and nuclear spin relaxation rates and applied power (given long enough relaxation rates).HF pulsed ENDOR is generally applied ... | Electron nuclear double resonance | 0.79824 |
88,130 | In geometry, the midpoint polygon of a polygon P is the polygon whose vertices are the midpoints of the edges of P. It is sometimes called the Kasner polygon after Edward Kasner, who termed it the inscribed polygon "for brevity". | Midpoint polygon | 0.79824 |
88,131 | Artifacts with multiple photos from multiple angles can be seen in motion, rotating in an Adobe Flash video view, and items can be searched by their geographic information (city, county, state, latitude and longitude) or viewed on a map through UFDC's use of the Google Maps API.UFDC includes books, articles, newspapers... | University of Florida Digital Collections | 0.79824 |
88,132 | For example, Lee and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli have demonstrated that a so-called "tagged-signal" model can be used to provide a common framework for defining the denotational semantics of a variety of different models of concurrency, while Nielsen, Sassone, and Winskel have demonstrated that category theory can be used ... | Concurrency theory | 0.798239 |
88,133 | A similar approach for the line integral path shown in the right of the right figure results in ∂ ∂ y φ ( x , y ) = Q ( x , y ) {\textstyle {\frac {\partial }{\partial y}}\varphi (x,y)=Q(x,y)} so is proved for the 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. This proof method can be straightforwardly expanded to a higher... | Irrotational field | 0.798239 |
88,134 | Personality computing addresses three main problems involving personality: automatic personality recognition, perception and synthesis. Automatic personality recognition is the inference of personality type of target individuals from their digital footprint, automatic personality perception is the inference of the pers... | Personality computing | 0.798239 |
88,135 | In the modern setting, information geometry applies to a much wider context, including non-exponential families, nonparametric statistics, and even abstract statistical manifolds not induced from a known statistical model. The results combine techniques from information theory, affine differential geometry, convex anal... | Information Geometry | 0.798239 |
88,136 | If A and B are unitarily equivalent, then tr AA* = tr BB*, where tr denotes the trace (in other words, the Frobenius norm is a unitary invariant). This follows from the cyclic invariance of the trace: if B = U *AU, then tr BB* = tr U *AUU *A*U = tr AUU *A*UU * = tr AA*, where the second equality is cyclic invariance.Th... | Specht's theorem | 0.798239 |
88,137 | His work on the subject, however, led him into the field of geophysics, where he eventually helped process data relating to paleomagnetism and helped to provide strong evidence for continental drift. In 1948 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, for his investigation of cosmic rays using his invention of the count... | Patrick Blackett | 0.798238 |
88,138 | In 1546, Girolamo Fracastoro proposed that epidemic diseases were caused by transferable seedlike entities that could transmit infection by direct or indirect contact, or even without contact over long distances.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is considered to be one of the fathers of microbiology. He was the first in 1673 to ... | Soil microbes | 0.798237 |
88,139 | Classical theory has at least two distinct meanings in physics. In the context of quantum mechanics, classical theory refers to theories of physics that do not use the quantisation paradigm, which includes classical mechanics and relativity. Likewise, classical field theories, such as general relativity and classical e... | Classical theory | 0.798237 |
88,140 | It is believed to be the first compound to have formed in the universe, and is of fundamental importance in understanding the chemistry of the early universe. This is because hydrogen and helium were almost the only types of atoms formed in Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Stars formed from the primordial material should cont... | Helium hydride ion | 0.798237 |
88,141 | Mathematics, the "science that relates to the measurement of magnitudes", is the most perfect science of all, and is applied to the most important laws of the universe. Astronomy is the most simple science and is the first "to be subjected to positive theories". Physics is less satisfactory than astronomy, because it i... | Auguste Comte | 0.798237 |
88,142 | The Lambert azimuthal projection was originally conceived as an equal-area map projection. It is now also used in disciplines such as geology to plot directional data, as follows. A direction in three-dimensional space corresponds to a line through the origin. The set of all such lines is itself a space, called the rea... | Azimuthal equal-area projection | 0.798236 |
88,143 | Statistics and Its Interface is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering the interface between the field of statistics and other disciplines. The journal was established in 2008 and is published by International Press. The editor-in-chief is Heping Zhang (Yale University). The journal is abstra... | Statistics and Its Interface | 0.798236 |
88,144 | The essence of network synthesis is to start with a required filter response and produce a network that delivers that response, or approximates to it within a specified boundary. This is the inverse of network analysis which starts with a given network and by applying the various electric circuit theorems predicts the ... | Voice frequency telegraphy | 0.798236 |
88,145 | Scale insects show a very wide range of variations in the genetics of sex determination and the modes of reproduction. Besides sexual reproduction, a number of different forms of reproductive systems are employed, including asexual reproduction by parthenogenesis. In some species, sexual and asexual populations are fou... | Scale insect | 0.798236 |
88,146 | The idea of automation of the calculations in high-energy physics is not new. It dates back to the 1960s when packages such as SCHOONSCHIP and then REDUCE had been developed. These are symbolic manipulation codes that automatize the algebraic parts of a matrix element evaluation, like traces on Dirac matrices and contr... | Automatic calculation of particle interaction or decay | 0.798236 |
88,147 | Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes is a homodimer consisting of 52Kd monomers, each containing 3 domains. GR exhibits single sheet, double layered topology where an anti-parallel beta-sheet is largely exposed to the solvent on one face while being covered by random coils on the other face. This includes and ... | Glutathione reductase | 0.798235 |
88,148 | The most important property in differential geometry is the curvature κ {\displaystyle \kappa } . It describes the local properties (edges, corners, etc.) and relations between the first and second derivative, and thus, the precise curve shape. Having determined the derivatives it is easy to compute κ = | r ′ ( t ) × r... | NURBS patch | 0.798235 |
88,149 | There are two main uses of the term calibration in statistics that denote special types of statistical inference problems. "Calibration" can mean a reverse process to regression, where instead of a future dependent variable being predicted from known explanatory variables, a known observation of the dependent variables... | Calibration (statistics) | 0.798235 |
88,150 | By that time he had six younger brothers and a sister, and for seven years from the age of 13 he helped his mother make ends meet by working as a farm labourer during summertime. Four months each winter he attended district schools, working for his board while doing so. During his schooldays he wished to learn algebra,... | Elisha Scott Loomis | 0.798235 |
88,151 | Because the octonions are a nonassociative normed division algebra, these 240 points have a multiplication operation making them not into a group but rather a loop, in fact a Moufang loop. For visualization this 8-dimensional polytope is often displayed in a special skewed orthographic projection direction that fits it... | 4 21 polytope | 0.798235 |
88,152 | Four of the five moons of Pluto rotate chaotically. In quantum physics and electrical engineering, the study of large arrays of Josephson junctions benefitted greatly from chaos theory. | Chaos Theory | 0.798234 |
88,153 | He was educated at Harbor Elementary School, where he played violin in the school orchestra, and at Bulkeley High School. In 1938, at the age of 17, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, intending to study mathematics, but became interested in physics, particularly particle physics, which was then emerg... | Harry Daghlian | 0.798234 |
88,154 | The Weismann barrier, proposed by August Weismann, is the strict distinction between the "immortal" germ cell lineages producing gametes and "disposable" somatic cells in animals (but not plants), in contrast to Charles Darwin's proposed pangenesis mechanism for inheritance. In more precise terminology, hereditary info... | Weismann barrier | 0.798234 |
88,155 | It is a joint project between the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA. SOHO was part of the International Solar Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP). Originally planned as a two-year mission, SOHO continues to operate after over 25 years in space; the mission has been extended until the end of 2025, subject to review an... | Michelson Doppler Imager | 0.798234 |
88,156 | The Provenance Markup Language (abbreviated PML; originally called Proof Markup Language) is an interlingua for representing and sharing knowledge about how information published on the Web was asserted from information sources and/or derived from Web information by intelligent agents. The language was initially develo... | Proof Markup Language | 0.798233 |
88,157 | An example of this phenomenon is the Sorgenfrey plane. In fact, since there exist spaces which are Dowker, a product of a normal space and need not to be normal. Also, a subset of a normal space need not be normal (i.e. not every normal Hausdorff space is a completely normal Hausdorff space), since every Tychonoff spa... | Perfectly normal space | 0.798233 |
88,158 | Bruno Hasbrouck Zimm (October 31, 1920 – November 26, 2005) was an American chemist. He was a professor of chemistry and biochemistry from University of California, San Diego, and a leading polymer chemist and DNA researcher. | Bruno H. Zimm | 0.798233 |
88,159 | He then studied biology and history at Antioch College, graduating with a BS in 1953. He then went to graduate school in biology at Harvard. In 1960, he received a PhD in the history of science. | Everett Mendelsohn | 0.798233 |
88,160 | This chemical can be degraded by molds to produce 2,4,6-tribromoanisole whose strong, musty odor caused consumers to complain. There is no acute or chronic health data on 2,4,6-tribromoanisole, but it is believed that the contaminated drugs caused nausea and other health effects in some people. Wood pallets used to tra... | Plastic pallet | 0.798232 |
88,161 | In physics, the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation, named for Lev Landau, Evgeny Lifshitz, and T. L. Gilbert, is a name used for a differential equation describing the precessional motion of magnetization M in a solid. It is a modification by Gilbert of the original equation of Landau and Lifshitz. The various forms of t... | Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation | 0.798232 |
88,162 | Otter has since been replaced by Prover9, which is paired with Mace4. SETHEO is a high-performance system based on the goal-directed model elimination calculus, originally developed by a team under direction of Wolfgang Bibel. E and SETHEO have been combined (with other systems) in the composite theorem prover E-SETHEO... | Automated theorem provers | 0.798232 |
88,163 | Radio astronomy service (also: radio astronomy radiocommunication service) is, according to Article 1.58 of the International Telecommunication Union's (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR), defined as "A radiocommunication service involving the use of radio astronomy". Subject of this radiocommunication service is to receive r... | Radio astronomy service | 0.798232 |
88,164 | The union of all these triangles yields a tiling of the whole plane by isometric copies of T {\displaystyle T} . In this tiling, isometric copies of T {\displaystyle T} appear in infinitely many orientations (this is due to the angles arctan ( 1 / 2 ) {\displaystyle \arctan(1/2)} and arctan ( 2 ) {\displaystyle \ar... | Pinwheel tiling | 0.798231 |
88,165 | Slava programmed new components, design and made countless optimizations and improvements. He wrote a new software key protection system that remained unbroken for almost four years after its introduction.DN II was actively developed until the start of 1995, until version 1.35. Several other programmers participated in... | Open DOS Navigator | 0.798231 |
88,166 | The Cambridge Guide to Astronomical Discovery states that Practical Astronomy with your Calculator is a "must"-have book if one has no personal computer for astronomical calculations.New Scientist magazine gave a favourable review of the book, although stating that there were small errors in some calculations.Archaeoas... | Practical Astronomy with Your Calculator | 0.798231 |
88,167 | In graph theory, a loop (also called a self-loop or a buckle) is an edge that connects a vertex to itself. A simple graph contains no loops. Depending on the context, a graph or a multigraph may be defined so as to either allow or disallow the presence of loops (often in concert with allowing or disallowing multiple ed... | Loop (graph theory) | 0.798231 |
88,168 | This discovery provided the experimental evidence for the unification of two of nature's seemingly very different fundamental forces: electromagnetism (which underlies electricity generation) and the weak force (which allows the Sun to shine). The unification of these two forces is part of a quest to see if all forces ... | Peter Kalmus (physicist) | 0.79823 |
88,169 | There are many other characterizations of "ultrafilter" and "ultra prefilter," which are listed in the article on ultrafilters. Important properties of ultrafilters are also described in that article. The ultrafilter lemma The following important theorem is due to Alfred Tarski (1930). A consequence of the ultrafilter ... | Filters in topology | 0.79823 |
88,170 | The main file (.shp) contains the geometry data. Geometry of a given feature is stored as a set of vector coordinates. : 5 The binary file consists of a single fixed-length header followed by one or more variable-length records. Each of the variable-length records includes a record-header component and a record-content... | Shapefile | 0.79823 |
88,171 | The 1895 proof by Cantor relied, in effect, on the axiom of choice by inferring the result as a corollary of the well-ordering theorem. However, König's proof given above shows that the result can also be proved without using the axiom of choice. On the other hand, König's proof uses the principle of excluded middle to... | Cantor-Bernstein-Schröder theorem | 0.79823 |
88,172 | A Key Selection Vector (KSV) is a numerical identifier associated with a Device Key Set which is distributed by a Licensor or its designee to Adopters and is used to support authentication of Licensed Products and Revocation as part of the HDCP copy protection system. The KSV is used to generate confidential keys, spec... | Key selection vector | 0.79823 |
88,173 | During his four year stay he helped create short direct routes to cortisone, and to all of the major sex hormones. He thoroughly enjoyed his time there and was much loved and respected. He explored much of the region in his own Beechcraft Bonanza aircraft.In 1956, aged 30, Sondheimer was appointed head of the Departmen... | Franz Sondheimer | 0.798229 |
88,174 | Molecular cloning has led directly to the elucidation of the complete DNA sequence of the genomes of a very large number of species and to an exploration of genetic diversity within individual species, work that has been done mostly by determining the DNA sequence of large numbers of randomly cloned fragments of the ge... | Cloned DNA | 0.798229 |
88,175 | The two kinds of magnetic moments experience different forces in a magnetic field. Based on Fermi's arguments, the intrinsic magnetic moments of elementary particles, including the nucleons, have been shown to be Ampèrian. The arguments are based on basic electromagnetism, elementary quantum mechanics, and the hyperfin... | Proton gyromagnetic ratio | 0.798229 |
88,176 | Francisco Valero-Cuevas graduated from Swarthmore College in 1988 with a BS in Engineering. As a Thomas J. Watson Fellow, he spent one year in the Indian Subcontinent, studying philosophy and learning Hindi. In 1991, he received an MS in Mechanical Engineering from Queen's University, under the guidance of Professor Ca... | Francisco Valero-Cuevas | 0.798228 |
88,177 | India has one of the most genetically diverse populations in the world, and the history of this genetic diversity is the topic of continued research and debate. The Indo-Aryan migrations form part of a complex genetical puzzle on the origin and spread of the various components of the Indian population, including variou... | Indo-Aryan migration theory | 0.798228 |
88,178 | Functional data analysis (FDA) is a branch of statistics that analyses data providing information about curves, surfaces or anything else varying over a continuum. In its most general form, under an FDA framework, each sample element of functional data is considered to be a random function. The physical continuum over ... | Functional data analysis | 0.798228 |
88,179 | Conventional CWD diagnostic strategies and seeded amplification methods for amplifying CWD prions in vitro include: immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting (WB), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), and real time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC).Available tests, as of July ... | Chronic wasting disease | 0.798228 |
88,180 | New York: Harper (1941) On Living in a Revolution. New York: Harper (1944) Evolution: The Modern Synthesis. London: Allen & Unwin (1942); New York: Harper (1943) "Summarizes research on all topics relevant to the modern synthesis of evolution and Mendelian genetics up to the Second World War." | Julian Huxley | 0.798228 |
88,181 | ISBN 0-521-20515-8. MR 0394604. V. V. Fedorchuk, The Fundamentals of Dimension Theory, appearing in Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences, Volume 17, General Topology I, (1993) A. V. Arkhangel'skii and L. S. Pontryagin (Eds. ), Springer-Verlag, Berlin ISBN 3-540-18178-4. | Topological dimension | 0.798227 |
88,182 | The layer of an ecosphere that exists at a Terrestrial planet's Center of mass and which extends radially outward until ending in a solid and spherical layer known as the Crust (geology). This includes rocks and minerals that are present on the Earth as well as parts of soil and skeletal remains of animals that have be... | Ecosphere (planetary) | 0.798227 |
88,183 | Shing-Tung Yau (; Chinese: 丘成桐; pinyin: Qiū Chéngtóng; born April 4, 1949) is a Chinese-American mathematician and the William Caspar Graustein Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University. In April 2022, Yau announced retirement from Harvard to become Chair Professor of mathematics at Tsinghua University.Yau was bor... | Shing-Tung Yau | 0.798227 |
88,184 | Notable events and applications that have been developed via the open source community, and echo the ideologies of the open source movement, include the Open Education Consortium, Project Gutenberg, Synthethic Biology, and Wikipedia. The Open Education Consortium is an organization composed of various colleges that sup... | Open source principles | 0.798227 |
88,185 | Cytogenetics is the study of a tumor's genetic make-up. Fluorescent in situ hybridization may be able to help locate a mutation or abnormality that may be allowing tumor growth. This technique has been shown to be useful in identifying some tumors and distinguishing two histologically similar tumors from each other (su... | Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor | 0.798227 |
88,186 | Sunzi's work contains neither a proof nor a full algorithm. What amounts to an algorithm for solving this problem was described by Aryabhata (6th century). Special cases of the Chinese remainder theorem were also known to Brahmagupta (7th century), and appear in Fibonacci's Liber Abaci (1202). | Linear congruence theorem | 0.798227 |
88,187 | In physics, a subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, a subatomic particle can be either a composite particle, which is composed of other particles (for example, a proton, neutron, or meson), or an elementary particle, which is not composed of other pa... | Sub atomic particle | 0.798227 |
88,188 | In 1948, Keith obtained a BSc degree from Queen's University in Belfast. In 1951, he received a PhD in Physics from the University of Bristol in England, where he taught optics as a lecturer in Physics between 1951 and 1956. | H. Douglas Keith | 0.798227 |
88,189 | One can also state the theorem in a coordinate-free fashion, avoiding the use of total orders and basis elements. This is convenient when there are difficulties in defining the basis vectors, as there can be for infinite-dimensional Lie algebras. It also gives a more natural form that is more easily extended to other k... | Universal enveloping algebra | 0.798227 |
88,190 | A second-order cone program (SOCP) is a convex optimization problem of the form minimize f T x {\displaystyle \ f^{T}x\ } subject to ‖ A i x + b i ‖ 2 ≤ c i T x + d i , i = 1 , … , m {\displaystyle \lVert A_{i}x+b_{i}\rVert _{2}\leq c_{i}^{T}x+d_{i},\quad i=1,\dots ,m} F x = g {\displaystyle Fx=g\ } where the problem p... | Second-order cone programming | 0.798226 |
88,191 | Numerical modeling can be used to model problems in different fields of geology at various scales, such as engineering geology, geophysics, geomechanics, geodynamics, rock mechanics, hydrogeology, and stratigraphy. The following are some examples of applications of numerical modeling in geology. | Numerical modeling (geology) | 0.798226 |
88,192 | The superposition principle for linear homogeneous differential equations says that if u1, ..., un are n linearly independent solutions to a particular differential equation, then c1u1 + ⋯ + cnun is also a solution for all values c1, ..., cn. Therefore, if the characteristic equation has distinct real roots r1, ..., rn... | Characteristic equation (calculus) | 0.798226 |
88,193 | . {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}\geq \geq ]\geq ]]\geq ...} We write g 0 = g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}_{0}={\mathfrak {g}}} , and g n = {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}_{n}=} for all n > 0 {\displaystyle n>0} . If the lower central series eventually arrives at the zero subalgebra, then the Lie algebra is called nil... | Nilpotent Lie algebra | 0.798226 |
88,194 | Ramsay's research focuses on Natural language processing, including morphology and syntax. He has published papers on the analysis of free word order languages, particularly morphology of the Arabic language, which poses a number of specific problems. Some of this research has been funded by the EPSRC. == References == | Allan M. Ramsay | 0.798226 |
88,195 | Robert S. Swarz is the former co-director of the Systems Engineering Practice Office of MITRE Corporation and currently Professor of Practice in the systems engineering program at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, where he has been teaching for over 30 years and held the post of Chair of the Systems Engineering Advisory... | Robert S. Swarz | 0.798226 |
88,196 | 1997: Marcos Moshinsky ( Mexico) "for his work in nuclear physics." 1999: Atta ur Rahman ( Pakistan) "for his work in organic chemistry which has contributed to the development of plant-based therapies for cancer, AIDS and diabetes" and José Leite Lopes ( Brazil) "for his contribution to the development of physics in L... | UNESCO Science Prize | 0.798226 |
88,197 | A more recent language is the ZH-calculus. This adds the H-box as a generator, that generalizes the Hadamard gate from the ZX-calculus. It can naturally describe quantum circuits involving Toffoli gates. | ZX-calculus | 0.798225 |
88,198 | Pregroup grammars were introduced by Joachim Lambek in 1993 as a development of his syntactic calculus, replacing the quotients by adjoints. Such adjoints had already been used earlier by Harris but without iterated adjoints and expansion rules. Adding such adjoints was interesting to handle more complex linguistic cas... | Pregroup Grammar | 0.798225 |
88,199 | The inverse scattering method has had an astonishing variety of generalizations and applications in different areas of mathematics and physics. Kruskal himself pioneered some of the generalizations, such as the existence of infinitely many conserved quantities for the sine-Gordon equation. This led to the discovery of ... | Martin David Kruskal | 0.798225 |
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