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87,900 | Statistical considerations that focus on the probabilistic distribution of prime numbers present informal evidence in favour of the conjecture (in both the weak and strong forms) for sufficiently large integers: the greater the integer, the more ways there are available for that number to be represented as the sum of t... | Goldbach’s conjecture | 0.798287 |
87,901 | Another advantage is that it is in practice easier to guess the correct form of the Lagrangian of a theory, which naturally enters the path integrals (for interactions of a certain type, these are coordinate space or Feynman path integrals), than the Hamiltonian. Possible downsides of the approach include that unitarit... | Path integral formulation of quantum mechanics | 0.798287 |
87,902 | Carbene analogs in chemistry are carbenes with the carbon atom replaced by another chemical element. Just as regular carbenes they appear in chemical reactions as reactive intermediates and with special precautions they can be stabilized and isolated as chemical compounds. Carbenes have some practical utility in organi... | Carbene analog | 0.798286 |
87,903 | Knowledge-Based Systems is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering computer science, with a particular focus on knowledge-based systems. It was established in 1987 and is published 24 times per year by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Jie Lu (University of Technology Sydney). Hamido Fujita (Iwate Prefectural Universi... | Knowledge-Based Systems (journal) | 0.798286 |
87,904 | δ ′ = arg max δ ∈ S C ( A , t ) { U A ( δ ) } {\displaystyle \delta '=\arg \max _{\delta \in {SC(A,t)}}\{U_{A}(\delta )\}} is the minimal sufficient concession of agent A in step t. Agent A begins the negotiation by proposing δ ( A , 0 ) = arg max δ ∈ N S U A ( δ ) {\displaystyle \delta (A,0)=\arg \max _{\delta \in... | Zeuthen Strategy | 0.798286 |
87,905 | Following high school, Kornblihtt continued his education at the Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (School of Sciences) of the University of Buenos Aires, earning a Biology degree in 1977. In 1980, Kornblihtt went on to earn his PhD in biochemistry from Campomar Foundation in Buenos Aires, under the mentorship o... | Alberto Kornblihtt | 0.798286 |
87,906 | A subset A of the natural numbers is said to have positive upper density if lim sup n → ∞ | A ∩ { 1 , 2 , 3 , … , n } | n > 0 {\displaystyle \limsup _{n\to \infty }{\frac {|A\cap \{1,2,3,\dotsc ,n\}|}{n}}>0} .Roth's theorem on arithmetic progressions (infinite version): A subset of the natural numbers with positive upp... | Roth's theorem on arithmetic progressions | 0.798286 |
87,907 | In number theory, the odd greedy expansion problem asks whether a greedy algorithm for finding Egyptian fractions with odd denominators always succeeds. As of 2021, it remains unsolved. | Odd greedy expansion | 0.798285 |
87,908 | Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is one of the most common cholestatic liver diseases, yet treatment options remain limited. Treatment for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is often done with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and with no other suitable alternative, it poses a problem for those that are not responsive to ... | Cholestatic hepatitis | 0.798285 |
87,909 | Starting with studying physical chemistry in 1876, Meyer created a new method for determining gas density in 1878. This method allowed him to demonstrate how arsenious oxide vapours corresponded to the formula As4O6, that mercury, zinc and cadmium yielded monatomic vapours, and that halogen molecules dissociated into a... | Viktor Meyer | 0.798284 |
87,910 | André Joyal has much advanced the study of quasi-categories showing that most of the usual basic category theory and some of the advanced notions and theorems have their analogues for quasi-categories. An elaborate treatise of the theory of quasi-categories has been expounded by Jacob Lurie (2009). Quasi-categories are... | Weak Kan complex | 0.798284 |
87,911 | Also, in physics terminology, these theories are ( 2 , 2 ) {\displaystyle (2,2)} heterotic string theories because they have N = 2 {\displaystyle N=2} supersymmetry that comes in a pair, so really there are four supersymmetries. This is important because it implies there is a pair of operators acting on the Hilbert spa... | Mirror symmetry conjecture | 0.798283 |
87,912 | Having low-grit graphite, or even better, no-grit graphite (ultra high purity), is highly desirable. It can be used as a dry powder, in water or oil, or as colloidal graphite (a permanent suspension in a liquid). An estimate based on USGS graphite consumption statistics indicates that 2,200 tonnes were used in this fas... | Plumbago (mineral) | 0.798283 |
87,913 | Prabhat Mishra is a Professor in the Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering and a UF Research Foundation Professor at the University of Florida. Prof. Mishra's research interests are in hardware security, quantum computing, embedded systems, system-on-chip validation, formal verification, and ma... | Prabhat Mishra | 0.798283 |
87,914 | In September 2010, Fiona Glaser, a developer of the x264 encoder, wrote a very early critique of WebP. Comparing different encodings (JPEG, x264, and WebP) of a reference image, she stated that the quality of the WebP-encoded result was the worst of the three, mostly because of blurriness on the image. Her main remark ... | WebP | 0.798283 |
87,915 | From 1911, the British researcher Harris Booth working at the National Physics Laboratory and the engineer Richard Fairey, then working for J.W. Dunne's Blair Atholl Aeroplane Syndicate, began to develop and apply the engineering analysis of individual bays in a biplane, to calculate the structural forces and use the m... | Bracing (aeronautics) | 0.798283 |
87,916 | It is sometimes called the first fundamental theorem of projective geometry.Every frame can be written as ( p ( e 0 ) , … , p ( e n ) , p ( e 0 + ⋯ + e n ) ) , {\displaystyle (p(e_{0}),\ldots ,p(e_{n}),p(e_{0}+\cdots +e_{n})),} where ( e 0 , … , e n ) {\displaystyle (e_{0},\dots ,e_{n})} is basis of V. The projective c... | Projective frame | 0.798283 |
87,917 | These include the body's inflammatory reaction to some agent, such as a viral infection or a prescription or over the counter medication or supplement, such as thiamine and aspirin. Even though there is no correlation with genetics, there have been a few cases where few people in a family had this condition.Although a ... | Schamberg disease | 0.798282 |
87,918 | Many PSEs were introduced in the 1990s. They use the language of the respective field and often employ modern graphical user interfaces. The goal is to make the software easy to use for specialists in fields other than computer science. PSEs are available for generic problems like data visualization or large systems of... | Problem Solving Environment | 0.798282 |
87,919 | Algebraic semantics is predominantly used for propositional t-norm fuzzy logics, with three main classes of algebras with respect to which a t-norm fuzzy logic L {\displaystyle L} is complete: General semantics, formed of all L {\displaystyle L} -algebras — that is, all algebras for which the logic is sound. Linear sem... | T-norm fuzzy logics | 0.798281 |
87,920 | This equivalence indicates that complex geometry is in some sense closer to algebraic geometry than to differential geometry. Another example of this which links back to the nature of the complex plane is that, in complex analysis of a single variable, singularities of meromorphic functions are readily describable. In ... | Complex geometry | 0.798281 |
87,921 | A large portion of the research into non-human g factors has focused on mammals. Being mammals themselves, humans have a great deal in common with other mammals, sharing similarities in aspects such as physiology and neurochemistry. Social learning and culture may have played a large role in the evolution of intelligen... | G factor in non-humans | 0.798281 |
87,922 | Computational Economics is an interdisciplinary research discipline that involves computer science, economics, and management science. This subject encompasses computational modeling of economic systems. Some of these areas are unique, while others established areas of economics by allowing robust data analytics and so... | Computational economics | 0.798281 |
87,923 | In geometry, the midpoint theorem describes a property of parallel chords in a conic. It states that the midpoints of parallel chords in a conic are located on a common line. The common line (segment) for the midpoints is also called the diameter of a conic. For a circle, ellipse or hyperbola the diameter goes through ... | Midpoint theorem (conics) | 0.798281 |
87,924 | In topology and related areas of mathematics, a subset A of a topological space X is said to be dense in X if every point of X either belongs to A or else is arbitrarily "close" to a member of A — for instance, the rational numbers are a dense subset of the real numbers because every real number either is a rational nu... | Dense (topology) | 0.798281 |
87,925 | Cryptographie indéchiffrable (subtitle: basée sur de nouvelles combinaisons rationelles) is a French book on cryptography written by Émile Victor Théodore Myszkowski (a retired French colonel) and published in 1902. His book described a cipher that the author had invented and claimed (incorrectly) was "undecipherable" ... | Cryptographie indéchiffrable | 0.79828 |
87,926 | on their activities were classified Top Secret and had limited distribution. The G-1 experiment performed at the HWA testing station had lattices of 6,800 uranium oxide cubes (about 25 tons) in the neutron moderator paraffin. Their work verified Höcker's calculations that cubes were better than rods, and rods were bett... | Ernst Rexer | 0.79828 |
87,927 | More recently, Hargittai saw it in a more positive light, and Frixione and Ruiz-Zamarripa wrote as follows: work was to culminate in Levene and Tipson’s 1935 report showing accurately for the first time the actual molecular structure of DNA, as well as a nearly correct depiction of the RNA structure. This achievement ... | Tetranucleotide hypothesis | 0.79828 |
87,928 | In economics, the Debreu's theorems are preference representation theorems -- statements about the representation of a preference ordering by a real-valued utility function. The theorems were proved by Gerard Debreu during the 1950s. | Debreu theorems | 0.79828 |
87,929 | In mathematics, in the area of additive number theory, the Erdős–Fuchs theorem is a statement about the number of ways that numbers can be represented as a sum of elements of a given additive basis, stating that the average order of this number cannot be too close to being a linear function. The theorem is named after ... | Erdős–Fuchs theorem | 0.79828 |
87,930 | Lodge also demonstrated tuning using a pair of Leyden jars that could be brought into resonance. Lodge's lectures were widely publicized and his techniques influenced and were expanded on by other radio pioneers including Augusto Righi and his student Guglielmo Marconi, Alexander Popov, Lee de Forest, and Jagadish Chan... | Invention of radio | 0.798279 |
87,931 | Ampère engaged in a diverse array of scientific inquiries during the years leading up to his election to the academy—writing papers and engaging in topics from mathematics and philosophy to chemistry and astronomy, which was customary among the leading scientific intellectuals of the day. Ampère claimed that "at eighte... | André-Marie Ampère | 0.798279 |
87,932 | TensorFlow.nn is a module for executing primitive neural network operations on models. Some of these operations include variations of convolutions (1/2/3D, Atrous, depthwise), activation functions (Softmax, RELU, GELU, Sigmoid, etc.) and their variations, and other operations (max-pooling, bias-add, etc.). | TensorFlow | 0.798279 |
87,933 | Art has sometimes stimulated the development of mathematics, as when Brunelleschi's theory of perspective in architecture and painting started a cycle of research that led to the work of Brook Taylor and Johann Heinrich Lambert on the mathematical foundations of perspective drawing, and ultimately to the mathematics of... | Mathematics and art | 0.798279 |
87,934 | The best context to compare the different "C"-Theories about complex systems is historical, which emphasizes different tools and methodologies, from pure mathematics in the beginning to pure computer science today. Since the beginning of chaos theory, when Edward Lorenz accidentally discovered a strange attractor with ... | System theory | 0.798279 |
87,935 | In mathematics, Veblen's theorem, introduced by Oswald Veblen (1912), states that the set of edges of a finite graph can be written as a union of disjoint simple cycles if and only if every vertex has even degree. Thus, it is closely related to the theorem of Euler (1736) that a finite graph has an Euler tour (a single... | Veblen's theorem | 0.798278 |
87,936 | In geometry, the gyroelongated bicupolae are an infinite sets of polyhedra, constructed by adjoining two n-gonal cupolas to an n-gonal Antiprism. The triangular, square, and pentagonal gyroelongated bicupola are three of five Johnson solids which are chiral, meaning that they have a "left-handed" and a "right-handed" f... | Gyroelongated bicupola | 0.798278 |
87,937 | Unlike David Bohm years later, de Broglie did not complete his theory to encompass the many-particle case. The many-particle case shows mathematically that the energy dissipation in inelastic scattering could be distributed to the surrounding field structure by a yet-unknown mechanism of the theory of hidden variables.... | Pilot wave | 0.798278 |
87,938 | Cristina Bazgan is a French computer scientist who studies combinatorial optimization and graph theory problems from the points of view of parameterized complexity, fine-grained complexity, approximation algorithms, and regret. Bazgan earned her Ph.D. in 1998 from the University of Paris-Sud. Her dissertation, Approxim... | Cristina Bazgan | 0.798278 |
87,939 | The calculus of constructions can be considered an extension of the Curry–Howard isomorphism. The Curry–Howard isomorphism associates a term in the simply typed lambda calculus with each natural-deduction proof in intuitionistic propositional logic. The calculus of constructions extends this isomorphism to proofs in th... | Calculus of Inductive Constructions | 0.798278 |
87,940 | {\displaystyle G_{0}(R).} Concretely this means that f {\displaystyle f} satisfies the equation f ( ) = χ ( V ) {\displaystyle f()=\chi (V)} for every finitely generated R {\displaystyle R} -module V {\displaystyle V} and f {\displaystyle f} is the only group homomorphism that does that. Examples of additive functions... | Grothendieck group | 0.798278 |
87,941 | Unlike PYLL, PrYLL excludes causes of death that aren't deemed to be preventable. Premature deaths are those that could be avoided through public health interventions such as getting people to take more exercise or stop smoking, or in tackling the wider social determinants of health. Causes of death can be classified u... | Preventable years of life lost | 0.798278 |
87,942 | As a result, windows are automatically managed by the runtime to guarantee SPL window semantics. Developers can check for valid window configurations during runtime by checking the window policy associated to a given input port. Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT)Physics librariesJBox2D JBullet dyn4j | Java API | 0.798277 |
87,943 | By integrating the big data set collected through such experimental work, Zupanc and his collaborators Iulian Ilieş and Rifat Sipahi (Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University) succeeded in building the first mathematical model of tissue growth in the spinal cord. This model provides an... | Günther K.H. Zupanc | 0.798277 |
87,944 | In mathematical statistics, growth curves such as those used in biology are often modeled as being continuous stochastic processes, e.g. as being sample paths that almost surely solve stochastic differential equations. Growth curves have been also applied in forecasting market development. When variables are measured w... | Growth curve (statistics) | 0.798277 |
87,945 | Talrose returned to Kondratyev lab after completion his work on the atomic bomb. He built the first Soviet mass spectrometer to study ion chemistry and in 1952 completed his Ph.D. thesis entitled ‘‘Secondary processes accompanying ionization of hydrocarbons and water in the ion sources of mass spectrometers.” He propos... | Victor Talrose | 0.798277 |
87,946 | Positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allow cognitive neuroscientists to explore different hypotheses concerning the neural network organization of semantic memory. By using these neuroimaging techniques researchers can observe the brain activity of participants while they ... | Semantic memory | 0.798277 |
87,947 | The function of astral microtubules can be generally considered as determination of cell geometry. They are absolutely required for correct positioning and orientation of the mitotic spindle apparatus, and are thus involved in determining the cell division site based on the geometry and polarity of the cells. The maint... | Astral microtubules | 0.798277 |
87,948 | The significance of an extension being Galois is that it obeys the fundamental theorem of Galois theory: the closed (with respect to the Krull topology) subgroups of the Galois group correspond to the intermediate fields of the field extension. If E / F {\displaystyle E/F} is a Galois extension, then Gal ( E / F ) {\... | Galois group | 0.798276 |
87,949 | A variation used in medicine is called the "Zebra": a physician should reject an exotic medical diagnosis when a more commonplace explanation is more likely, derived from Theodore Woodward's dictum "When you hear hoofbeats, think of horses not zebras".Ernst Mach formulated the stronger version of Occam's razor into phy... | Ockham's razor | 0.798276 |
87,950 | The completeness of spectrum hypothesis conjectures that in quantum gravity, the spectrum of charges under any gauge symmetry is completely realized. This conjecture is universally satisfied in string theory, but is also motivated by black hole physics. The entropy of charged black holes is non-zero. Since the exponent... | Swampland (physics) | 0.798276 |
87,951 | In combinatorial mathematics, the hockey-stick identity, Christmas stocking identity, boomerang identity, Fermat's identity or Chu's Theorem, states that if n ≥ r ≥ 0 {\displaystyle n\geq r\geq 0} are integers, then ( r r ) + ( r + 1 r ) + ( r + 2 r ) + ⋯ + ( n r ) = ( n + 1 r + 1 ) . {\displaystyle {\binom {r}{r}}+{\b... | Hockey-stick identity | 0.798276 |
87,952 | Hydrological optimization applies mathematical optimization techniques (such as dynamic programming, linear programming, integer programming, or quadratic programming) to water-related problems. These problems may be for surface water, groundwater, or the combination. The work is interdisciplinary, and may be done by h... | Hydrological optimization | 0.798276 |
87,953 | The digraph realization problem is a decision problem in graph theory. Given pairs of nonnegative integers ( ( a 1 , b 1 ) , … , ( a n , b n ) ) {\displaystyle ((a_{1},b_{1}),\ldots ,(a_{n},b_{n}))} , the problem asks whether there is a labeled simple directed graph such that each vertex v i {\displaystyle v_{i}} has i... | Digraph realization problem | 0.798276 |
87,954 | Einstein graduated from the Federal polytechnic school in 1900, duly certified as competent to teach mathematics and physics. His successful acquisition of Swiss citizenship in February 1901 was not followed by the usual sequel of conscription; the Swiss authorities deemed him medically unfit for military service. He f... | Albert Einstein | 0.798275 |
87,955 | Sieve theory is a set of general techniques in number theory, designed to count, or more realistically to estimate the size of, sifted sets of integers. The prototypical example of a sifted set is the set of prime numbers up to some prescribed limit X. Correspondingly, the prototypical example of a sieve is the sieve o... | Sieve theory | 0.798275 |
87,956 | Fedor V. Fomin is a professor of Computer Science at the University of Bergen. He is known for his work in algorithms and graph theory. He received his PhD in 1997 at St. Petersburg State University under Nikolai Nikolaevich Petrov. | Fedor Fomin | 0.798275 |
87,957 | In May 2015, FBI agents arrested Professor Xiaoxing Xi, chairman of Temple University's physics department, accusing him of sharing schematics of a pocket heater with Chinese scientists. The prosecutors dropped all charges in September 2015 after it was shown that they had misconstrued the evidence and Xi has never sha... | Rotating pocket heater | 0.798275 |
87,958 | Conversely, there are Grothendieck topologies that do not come from topological spaces. The term "Grothendieck topology" has changed in meaning. | Site (sheaf theory) | 0.798275 |
87,959 | Vladimir Prelog (23 July 1906 – 7 January 1998) was a Croatian-Swiss organic chemist who received the 1975 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions. Prelog was born and grew up in Sarajevo. He lived and worked in Prague, Zagreb and Zürich during his lifetime. | Vladimir Prelog | 0.798275 |
87,960 | PROSITE is a protein database. It consists of entries describing the protein families, domains and functional sites as well as amino acid patterns and profiles in them. These are manually curated by a team of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and tightly integrated into Swiss-Prot protein annotation. PROSITE was cr... | PROSITE | 0.798274 |
87,961 | With such geometry the magnetic shape memory effect is lost. The transition from martensite to austenite produces force and deformation. Therefore, MSM alloys can be also activated thermally, like thermal shape memory alloys (see, for instance, Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) alloys). | Magnetic shape memory | 0.798274 |
87,962 | In algebra, casus irreducibilis (from Latin 'the irreducible case') is one of the cases that may arise in solving polynomials of degree 3 or higher with integer coefficients algebraically (as opposed to numerically), i.e., by obtaining roots that are expressed with radicals. It shows that many algebraic numbers are rea... | Casus irreducibilis | 0.798274 |
87,963 | The theory of locally compact groups therefore encompasses the theory of ordinary groups since any group can be given the discrete topology. Lie groups, which are locally Euclidean, are all locally compact groups. A Hausdorff topological vector space is locally compact if and only if it is finite-dimensional. | Locally compact group | 0.798274 |
87,964 | The more common definition for a monad in functional programming, used in the above example, is actually based on a Kleisli triple ⟨T, η, μ⟩ rather than category theory's standard definition. The two constructs turn out to be mathematically equivalent, however, so either definition will yield a valid monad. Given any w... | Monad (functional programming) | 0.798274 |
87,965 | In molecular biology, the CDC48 N-terminal domain is a protein domain found in AAA ATPases including cell division protein 48 (CDC48), VCP-like ATPase and N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein. It is a substrate recognition domain which binds polypeptides, prevents protein aggregation, and catalyses refolding of pe... | CDC48 N-terminal domain | 0.798273 |
87,966 | The Geometry E is a battery-powered subcompact crossover produced by Chinese auto manufacturer Geely under the Geometry brand. | Geometry E | 0.798273 |
87,967 | Physicists have observed quantized states of matter under the influence of gravity for the first time. Valery Nesvizhevsky of the Institut Laue-Langevin and colleagues found that cold neutrons moving in a gravitational field do not move smoothly but jump from one height to another, as predicted by quantum theory. The f... | Ultracold neutrons | 0.798273 |
87,968 | Systems Tool Kit (formerly Satellite Tool Kit), often referred to by its initials STK, is a multi-physics software application from Analytical Graphics, Inc. (an Ansys company) that enables engineers and scientists to perform complex analyses of ground, sea, air, and space platforms, and to share results in one integra... | Satellite Tool Kit | 0.798273 |
87,969 | In physics (in particular in statistical mechanics), the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, or Maxwell(ian) distribution, is a particular probability distribution named after James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann. It was first defined and used for describing particle speeds in idealized gases, where the particles move ... | Maxwellian distribution | 0.798273 |
87,970 | In music, mathematical processes based on probability can generate stochastic elements. Stochastic processes may be used in music to compose a fixed piece or may be produced in performance. Stochastic music was pioneered by Iannis Xenakis, who coined the term stochastic music. Specific examples of mathematics, statisti... | Stochastic | 0.798273 |
87,971 | The mock-up facility simulated an Earth-Mars shuttle spacecraft, an ascent-descent craft, and the Martian surface. The volunteers who participated in the three stages included professionals with experience in engineering, medicine, biology, and human spaceflight. The experiment yielded important data on the physiologic... | MARS-500 | 0.798273 |
87,972 | In chemistry, a hypercycle is an abstract model of organization of self-replicating molecules connected in a cyclic, autocatalytic manner. It was introduced in an ordinary differential equation (ODE) form by the Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Manfred Eigen in 1971 and subsequently further extended in collaboration wit... | Hypercycle (chemistry) | 0.798273 |
87,973 | Computational neuroscience began in the 1930s and 1940s with two groups of researchers. The first group consisted of Alan Turing, Alonzo Church and John von Neumann, who were working to develop computing machines and the mathematical underpinnings of computer science. This work culminated in the theoretical development... | Neurophilosophy | 0.798273 |
87,974 | The π-calculus belongs to the family of process calculi, mathematical formalisms for describing and analyzing properties of concurrent computation. In fact, the π-calculus, like the λ-calculus, is so minimal that it does not contain primitives such as numbers, booleans, data structures, variables, functions, or even th... | Pi calculus | 0.798272 |
87,975 | The national grid in the UK already is a massive user of this technology at an industrial scale - up to 2 GW of load can be lost instantaneously by frequency sensitive relays switching off steelworks etc., which is matched over a 20-minute cycle by up to 2 GW of quite small emergency diesel generators. For a complete d... | Dynamic demand (electric power) | 0.798272 |
87,976 | The biochemistry of methanogenesis is unique in nature in its use of a number of unusual cofactors to sequentially reduce methanogenic substrates to methane, such as coenzyme M and methanofuran. These cofactors are responsible (among other things) for the establishment of a proton gradient across the outer membrane the... | Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria | 0.798272 |
87,977 | At this conference, Soviet scientists announced that they had achieved electron temperatures of over 1000 eV in a tokamak device (T-3). This same year, Coppi was named a full professor in the MIT Department of Physics. He immediately collaborated with engineers at the Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, led by Bruce Mont... | Lower Hybrid Current Drive | 0.798272 |
87,978 | He was promoted to associate professor in 1969 and to professor in 1972. In 1988, he was appointed chairman of the department of electrical engineering and named the William E. Ayer Professor of Electrical Engineering. | Joseph W. Goodman | 0.798272 |
87,979 | OpenCog A project that aims to build an open-source artificial intelligence framework. OpenCog Prime is an architecture for robot and virtual embodied cognition that defines a set of interacting components designed to give rise to human-equivalent artificial general intelligence (AGI) as an emergent phenomenon of the w... | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.798271 |
87,980 | www.carmelresearchcenter.com. Retrieved 2015-07-25. "Computational Physics, Incorporated (CPI)". | AE index | 0.798271 |
87,981 | The argument is simply that by the word 'experiment' we refer to a situation where we can tell to others what we have done and what we have learned and that, therefore, the account of the experimental arrangement and of the results of the observations must be expressed in unambiguous language with suitable application ... | Niels Bohr | 0.798271 |
87,982 | The centralizer subalgebra of a subset S ⊂ g {\displaystyle S\subset {\mathfrak {g}}} is the set of elements commuting with S {\displaystyle S}: that is, z g ( S ) = { x ∈ g ∣ = 0 for all s ∈ S } {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {z}}_{\mathfrak {g}}(S)=\{x\in {\mathfrak {g}}\ \mid \ =0\ {\text{ for all }}s\in S\}} . The cent... | Lie algebra | 0.798271 |
87,983 | Cagnazzi left the college on October 1779.Cagnazzi was provided at his college just with a basic education in math, where he studied just Euclidean geometry, logic and history ("chronology"). He continued his studies at the University of Altamura with professor Giuseppe Carlucci, with which he completed his math educat... | Luca de Samuele Cagnazzi | 0.798271 |
87,984 | In his description of Sijzi's astrolabe he hints at contemporary debates about the movement of the Earth. He carried on a lengthy correspondence and sometimes heated debate with Ibn Sina, in which Biruni repeatedly attacks Aristotle's celestial physics: he argues by simple experiment that the vacuum state must exist; h... | Al-Biruni | 0.798271 |
87,985 | Tadashi Tokieda (Japanese: 時枝正; born 1968) is a Japanese mathematician, working in mathematical physics. He is a professor of mathematics at Stanford University; previously he was a fellow and Director of Studies of Mathematics at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He is also very active in inventing, collecting, and studying to... | Tadashi Tokieda | 0.79827 |
87,986 | 11) provide a more Lamarckian perspective. Another important difference concerns the question: What is selected by the environment-- 'organizational forms', as in organizational ecology, or 'routines' as in the evolutionary economics literature? Authors like Joel Baum and Arjen van Witteloostuijn have argued for the po... | Organizational ecology | 0.79827 |
87,987 | Using the TELNET protocol, PTT provides a quick, free of charge, and open online forum community. Currently, PTT has two branch sites, PTT2 (批踢踢兔) and PTT3 (批踢踢參). Of the three sites, the main site PTT is largest in scale and capacity, currently handling up to 150,215 visitors online at a time (9 September 2008), makin... | PTT Bulletin Board System | 0.79827 |
87,988 | American Mathematical Society. 1999. Quantum groups and non commutative geometry. | Yuri Manin | 0.79827 |
87,989 | A corresponding theorem is true for intuitionistic logic, but instead of assigning each formula a value from a Boolean algebra, one uses values from a Heyting algebra, of which Boolean algebras are a special case. A formula is valid in intuitionistic logic if and only if it receives the value of the top element for any... | Intuitionistic logic | 0.79827 |
87,990 | Isolated molecules of BeH2 (sometimes called dihydridoberyllium and written to emphasize the differences with the solid state) are only stable as a dilute gas. When condensed, unsolvated BeH2 will spontaneously autopolymerise. Free molecular BeH2 produced by high-temperature electrical discharge has been confirmed to ... | Beryllium hydride | 0.79827 |
87,991 | In projective geometry, a homography is an isomorphism of projective spaces, induced by an isomorphism of the vector spaces from which the projective spaces derive. It is a bijection that maps lines to lines, and thus a collineation. In general, some collineations are not homographies, but the fundamental theorem of pr... | Fundamental theorem of projective geometry | 0.79827 |
87,992 | The Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology is a centre for interdisciplinary research in mesoscience and nanotechnology headed by Andre Geim at the University of Manchester. The purpose of the centre is to allow researchers to construct devices from a few micrometres down to 10 nanometres in size. It was ... | Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology | 0.798269 |
87,993 | Phase transitions: Aharony applied the renormalization group to identify and classify universality classes of critical (e.g. cubic, dipolar) and multicritical points. His work on random systems involved systems with random fields and the general issues of self-averaging. Aharony introduced fractal geometry into several... | Amnon Aharony | 0.798269 |
87,994 | The explanation is that the Hamiltonian used in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics is only an approximation to the Hamiltonian from quantum field theory. The higher-energy electron states (2s, 2p, 3s, etc.) are stationary states according to the approximate Hamiltonian, but not stationary according to the true Hamiltoni... | Energy eigenfunction | 0.798269 |
87,995 | Progenitor cells have become a hub for research on a few different fronts. Current research on progenitor cells focuses on two different applications: regenerative medicine and cancer biology. Research on regenerative medicine has focused on progenitor cells, and stem cells, because their cellular senescence contribute... | Progenitor cell | 0.798269 |
87,996 | In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative constant and the units of measurement. The principle is described by the physicist Albert Einstein's formula: E = m c 2 {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}} . In a refer... | Equivalence of matter and energy | 0.798269 |
87,997 | The theorem was conjectured by Andrew Vázsonyi and proved by Joseph Kruskal (1960); a short proof was given by Crispin Nash-Williams (1963). It has since become a prominent example in reverse mathematics as a statement that cannot be proved in ATR0 (a second-order arithmetic theory with a form of arithmetical transfini... | Kruskal's theorem | 0.798268 |
87,998 | After Theophrastus, the Lyceum failed to produce any original work. Though interest in Aristotle's ideas survived, they were generally taken unquestioningly. It is not until the age of Alexandria under the Ptolemies that advances in biology can be again found. The first medical teacher at Alexandria, Herophilus of Chal... | Aristotle | 0.798268 |
87,999 | For example, intervals (n − 1, n + 1) , where n takes all integer values in Z, cover R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } but there is no finite subcover. On the other hand, the extended real number line carrying the analogous topology is compact; note that the cover described above would never reach the points at infinity a... | Finite subcover | 0.798268 |
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