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88,200 | Creating stable algorithms for ill-conditioned problems is a central concern in numerical linear algebra. One example is that the stability of householder triangularization makes it a particularly robust solution method for linear systems, whereas the instability of the normal equations method for solving least squares... | Matrix computation | 0.798225 |
88,201 | The PLANETS telescope (Polarized Light from Atmospheres of Nearby ExtraTerrestrial Systems) is a precursor and technology demonstrator for the Colossus Telescope. It is a single off-axis 1.85 meter telescope, currently under development with 2.6m USD already invested, funded by Tohoku University (Japan), the Institute ... | PLANETS telescope | 0.798225 |
88,202 | From the necessity discussion, the part above directly follows that the theorem is also true when replacing "Global CO" with "Local CO" when global transactions are present. Together it means that Global CO is guaranteed if and only if Local CO is guaranteed (which is untrue for Global conflict serializability and Loca... | Commitment ordering | 0.798225 |
88,203 | In particular, when it is finite-dimensional, over real numbers, and endowed with inner product, it becomes Euclidean space; now geometric. The (algebraic?) field of real numbers is the same as the (geometric?) | Space (mathematics) | 0.798225 |
88,204 | In 1826, at the age of seventeen, he enrolled at the University of Edinburgh. He discarded his classical studies in favour of mathematics, natural philosophy and geology. Returning home in 1827, he continued his study of mathematics. | Frederick Swanwick | 0.798224 |
88,205 | Dijkstra also opposed the inclusion of software engineering under the umbrella of academic computer science. He wrote that, "As economics is known as "The Miserable Science", software engineering should be known as "The Doomed Discipline", doomed because it cannot even approach its goal since its goal is self-contradic... | Edsger W. Dijkstra | 0.798224 |
88,206 | A random mapping between an initial state and a final state, making the state of the system a random variable with a corresponding probability distribution. Non-Markovian processes – generalized master equation – continuous time with memory of past events, discrete state space, waiting times of events (or transitions b... | Mathematical biologist | 0.798224 |
88,207 | In astronomy, Aristotle refuted Democritus's claim that the Milky Way was made up of "those stars which are shaded by the earth from the sun's rays," pointing out partly correctly that if "the size of the sun is greater than that of the earth and the distance of the stars from the earth many times greater than that of ... | Aristotle | 0.798224 |
88,208 | Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself. However, glossaries like this one are useful for looking up, comparing and reviewing large numbers of terms together. You can help enhance this page by adding new terms or writing definitions for existing ones. T... | Glossary of mechanical engineering | 0.798224 |
88,209 | Density of states is the number of states per volume unit in an interval of energy (E, E + dE) that are available to be occupied by electrons. Both phonons and photons are bosons and thus, they obey Bose–Einstein statistics. This means that, since bosons with the same energy can occupy the same place in space, phonons ... | Phonon laser | 0.798223 |
88,210 | Christoph Rudolff (born 1499 in Jawor, Silesia, died 1545 in Vienna) was the author of the first German textbook on algebra. From 1517 to 1521, Rudolff was a student of Henricus Grammateus (Schreyber from Erfurt) at the University of Vienna and was the author of a book computing, under the title: Behend und hübsch Rech... | Christoph Rudolff | 0.798223 |
88,211 | In addition to the constant presheaf mentioned above, which is usually not a sheaf, there are further examples of presheaves that are not sheaves: Let X {\displaystyle X} be the two-point topological space { x , y } {\displaystyle \{x,y\}} with the discrete topology. Define a presheaf F {\displaystyle F} as follows: Th... | Section (sheaf theory) | 0.798223 |
88,212 | Savage's sure-thing principle is an example of what such logic may entail. A qualified version of Savage's sure thing principle can indeed be derived from Pearl's do-calculus and reads: "An action A that increases the probability of an event B in each subpopulation Ci of C must also increase the probability of B in the... | Simpson's Paradox | 0.798223 |
88,213 | In a ring, it may occur that some nonzero elements satisfy x n = 0 {\displaystyle x^{n}=0} for some integer n. Such an element is said to be nilpotent. In a commutative ring, the nilpotent elements form an ideal, called the nilradical of the ring. If the nilradical is reduced to the zero ideal (that is, if x ≠ 0 {\disp... | Laws of exponents | 0.798223 |
88,214 | ScienceLogic ranked on Deloitte’s Technology Fast 500™ Deloitte Technology Fast 500 in 2009, 2016, and 2018. ScienceLogic was recognized by Forrester as a leader in “The Forrester Wave™: Intelligent Application and Service Monitoring, Q2 2019.” In 2019, ScienceLogic was named the #3 AIOps global vendor by Research in A... | ScienceLogic | 0.798223 |
88,215 | The GRAPES-3 experiment (or Gamma Ray Astronomy PeV EnergieS phase-3) located at Ooty in India started as a collaboration of the Indian Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and the Japanese Osaka City University, and now also includes the Japanese Nagoya Women's University. GRAPES-3 is designed to study cosmic rays w... | GRAPES-3 | 0.798223 |
88,216 | The Euclidean groups are not only topological groups, they are Lie groups, so that calculus notions can be adapted immediately to this setting. | Opposite isometry | 0.798223 |
88,217 | Since geophysics is concerned with the shape of the Earth, and by extension the mapping of features around and in the planet, geophysical measurements include high accuracy GPS measurements. These measurements are processed to increase their accuracy through differential GPS processing. Once the geophysical measurement... | Geophysics | 0.798222 |
88,218 | In probability theory and statistics, complex random variables are a generalization of real-valued random variables to complex numbers, i.e. the possible values a complex random variable may take are complex numbers. Complex random variables can always be considered as pairs of real random variables: their real and ima... | Complex random variable | 0.798222 |
88,219 | In mathematics, there is in mathematical analysis a class of Sobolev inequalities, relating norms including those of Sobolev spaces. These are used to prove the Sobolev embedding theorem, giving inclusions between certain Sobolev spaces, and the Rellich–Kondrachov theorem showing that under slightly stronger conditions... | Sobolev inequality | 0.798222 |
88,220 | The tensor product of two von Neumann algebras, or of a countable number with states, is a von Neumann algebra as described in the section above. The crossed product of a von Neumann algebra by a discrete (or more generally locally compact) group can be defined, and is a von Neumann algebra. Special cases are the group... | Commutative von Neumann algebras | 0.798221 |
88,221 | Simultaneous observations are possible because for SETI, wherever the telescope is pointed, several target stars will lie within the large field of view afforded by the 6 m dishes. By agreement between the UC Berkeley Radio Astronomy Laboratory (RAL) and the SETI Institute, the needs of conventional radio astronomy det... | Allen Telescope Array | 0.798221 |
88,222 | Upgrading may involve multiple processes: Vacuum distillation to separate lighter fractions, leaving behind a residue with molecular weights over 400. De-asphalting the vacuum distillation residue to remove the highest molecular weight alicyclic compounds, which precipitate as black/brown asphaltenes when the mixture i... | Upgrader | 0.798221 |
88,223 | On returning to DuPont in 1984, Arduengo resumed a position in CR&D and continued the research into the recently discovered ADPO molecule and related structures. This line of research proved to be extremely fruitful and resulted in a steady string of publications on new and unusual bonding arrangements. The ADPO relate... | Anthony Joseph Arduengo III | 0.798221 |
88,224 | Simon's main interests in computer science were in artificial intelligence, human–computer interaction, principles of the organization of humans and machines as information processing systems, the use of computers to study (by modeling) philosophical problems of the nature of intelligence and of epistemology, and the s... | Herbert A. Simon | 0.79822 |
88,225 | Nirenberg realized that Serrin's work could be reformulated so as to prove that solutions of second-order elliptic partial differential equations inherit symmetries of their domain and of the equation itself. Such results do not hold automatically, and it is nontrivial to identify which special features of a given prob... | Louis Nirenberg | 0.79822 |
88,226 | In biophysics, transduction is the conveyance of energy from one electron (a donor) to another (a receptor), at the same time that the class of energy changes. Photonic energy, the kinetic energy of a photon, may follow the following paths: be released again as a photon of less energy; be transferred to a recipient wit... | Transduction (biophysics) | 0.798219 |
88,227 | In molecular biology, a guanine tetrad (also known as a G-tetrad or G-quartet) is a structure composed of four guanine bases in a square planar array. They most prominently contribute to the structure of G-quadruplexes, where their hydrogen bonding stabilizes the structure. Usually, there are at least two guanine tetra... | Guanine tetrad | 0.798219 |
88,228 | Human activity recognition using magnetic induction-based motion signals and deep recurrent neural networks. 2020. N Golestani, M Moghaddam. Nature Communications 11 (1), 1-11 Golestani, N., and M. Moghaddam, “Theoretical modeling and analysis of magnetic induction communication in wireless body area networks (WBANs),”... | Mahta Moghaddam | 0.798219 |
88,229 | In geometry, an intersection is a point, line, or curve common to two or more objects (such as lines, curves, planes, and surfaces). The simplest case in Euclidean geometry is the line–line intersection between two distinct lines, which either is one point or does not exist (if the lines are parallel). Other types of g... | Intersection (geometry) | 0.798219 |
88,230 | Pando Zayas specializes in string theory with a focus on quantum gravity. He has published many articles on the gauge/gravity correspondence and has applied these techniques to the study of the dynamics of superconductors and strongly interacting fluids. His work has also elucidated the microscopic origin of the thermo... | Leopoldo Pando Zayas | 0.798219 |
88,231 | Around the top of Neoproterozoic glacial deposits there is commonly a sharp transition into a chemically precipitated sedimentary limestone or dolomite metres to tens of metres thick. These cap carbonates sometimes occur in sedimentary successions that have no other carbonate rocks, suggesting that their deposition is ... | Snowball Earth | 0.798219 |
88,232 | It became the first of many Benfey translations.Benfey chose to resign from Haverford as his sabbatical year approached. He spent his sabbatical year working with Frank Westheimer of Harvard University. He also prepared the manuscript for From vital force to structural formulas (1964). It became the first book in the H... | Otto Theodor Benfey | 0.798219 |
88,233 | The French group for the study of polymers and their application, also called more simply French polymer group (GFP) is a French nonprofit organization and learned society, which aims to promote polymer chemistry, physics, and material science in French industry and institutes of higher learning. | French Group for the Study of Polymers and their Application | 0.798219 |
88,234 | The chemoton has laid the foundation of some aspects of artificial life. The computational basis has become a topic of software development and experimentation in the investigation of artificial life. The main reason is that the chemoton simplifies the otherwise complex biochemical and molecular functions of living cel... | Chemoton | 0.798219 |
88,235 | It is customary for trainees in these areas to sit their Membership examinations (e.g., Royal College of Physicians (MRCP), Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS)) in order to progress and compete for designated sub-specialty training programmes that attract a national training number as specialty training year 3 (ST3) and b... | Residency (medicine) | 0.798218 |
88,236 | Multi-material 3D printing is the additive manufacturing procedure of using multiple materials at the same time to fabricate an object. Similar to single material additive manufacturing it can be realised through methods such as FFF, SLA and Inkjet (material jetting) 3D printing. By expanding the design space to differ... | Multi-material 3D printing | 0.798218 |
88,237 | There are various proofs of this theorem, by either analytic methods such as Liouville's theorem, or topological ones such as the winding number, or a proof combining Galois theory and the fact that any real polynomial of odd degree has at least one real root. Because of this fact, theorems that hold for any algebraica... | Complex value | 0.798218 |
88,238 | Some states require elementary teachers to choose a subject major as well, and minor in education. In Canada, the bachelor of education is a two-year professional degree in which students will specialise in either elementary or secondary education, and that is taken after the completion of a three or four-year bachelor... | Baccalaureate degree | 0.798218 |
88,239 | Constructing models that realise certain types and do not realise others is an important task in model theory. Not realising a type is referred to as omitting it, and is generally possible by the (Countable) Omitting types theorem: Let T {\displaystyle {\mathcal {T}}} be a theory in a countable signature and let Φ {\di... | Homogeneous model | 0.798218 |
88,240 | If X, Y are complexes of R-modules (R a commutative ring), then their tensor product is the complex given by with the differential given by: for x in Xi and y in Yj, For example, if C is a chain complex of flat abelian groups and if G is an abelian group, then the homology group of C ⊗ Z G {\displaystyle C\otimes _{\ma... | Exterior bundle | 0.798217 |
88,241 | Many of the modeling and price forecasting approaches considered in the literature are hybrid solutions, combining techniques from two or more of the groups listed above. Their classification is non-trivial, if possible at all. As an example of hybrid model AleaModel (AleaSoft) combines Neural Networks and Box Jenkins ... | Electricity price forecasting | 0.798217 |
88,242 | The last few decades of the 20th century saw a renewed interest in mass extinctions and their role in the evolution of life on Earth. There was also a renewed interest in the Cambrian explosion that apparently saw the development of the body plans of most animal phyla. The discovery of fossils of the Ediacaran biota an... | Paleontology | 0.798217 |
88,243 | The foundational crisis of mathematics (in German Grundlagenkrise der Mathematik) arose at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century with the discovery of several paradoxes or counter-intuitive results. The first one was the proof that the parallel postulate cannot be proved. This results from a... | Foundational mathematics | 0.798217 |
88,244 | In July 2006 BGA published a review of geophysics education in the UK. In the report it noted that: the growing demands of industry and government service are facing a severe shortage of trained UK graduates with geophysics skills. The paper predicted that, at current rates, there would be no undergraduates by 2030. | British Geophysical Association | 0.798217 |
88,245 | The McKelvey–Schofield chaos theorem is a result in social choice theory. It states that if preferences are defined over a multidimensional policy space, then majority rule is in general unstable: there is no Condorcet winner. Furthermore, any point in the space can be reached from any other point by a sequence of majo... | McKelvey–Schofield chaos theorem | 0.798216 |
88,246 | The Aphelion Imaging Software Suite is used by students, researchers, engineers, and software developers in many application domains involving image processing and computer vision, such as: security (surveillance, object tracking) remote sensing quality control for the industry and inspection applications materials sci... | Aphelion (software) | 0.798216 |
88,247 | This is also a maximal torus in the group SO(2n+1) where the action fixes the remaining direction. Thus both SO(2n) and SO(2n+1) have rank n. For example, in the rotation group SO(3) the maximal tori are given by rotations about a fixed axis. The symplectic group Sp(n) has rank n. A maximal torus is given by the set of... | Maximal tori | 0.798216 |
88,248 | A 2008 study by researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory analyzed oil use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of plug-in hybrids relative to hybrid electric vehicles under several scenarios for years 2020 and 2030. The study considered the mix of power sources for 13 U.S. regions that would be used during recharging... | Plug-in Hybrid | 0.798216 |
88,249 | In addition to his DOE Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) research into efficient and accurate calculations on large systems, he has been pursuing applications in molecular electronics and chemistry at the nanoscale. In 1999, the NWChem team received an R&D Magazine R&D100 award, in 2002, he recei... | Robert J. Harrison | 0.798216 |
88,250 | The case of positive characteristic, ideologically close to modular representation theory, is an area of active study, with links to algebraic topology. Invariant theory of infinite groups is inextricably linked with the development of linear algebra, especially, the theories of quadratic forms and determinants. Anothe... | Absolute invariant | 0.798216 |
88,251 | National Academy of Sciences (2007) and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2000), and is a winner of the Max Delbruck Prize of the American Physical Society (2008), as well as the Single Molecule Biophysics Prize of the Biophysical Society (2007). He served as President of the Biophysical Society during 2005-6.... | Steven Block | 0.798215 |
88,252 | Other geometric results by Steiner include development of a formula for the partitioning of space by planes (the maximal number of parts created by n planes), several theorems about the famous Steiner's chain of tangential circles, and a proof of the isoperimetric theorem (later a flaw was found in the proof, but was c... | Jakob Steiner | 0.798215 |
88,253 | In chemistry, the capped octahedral molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where seven atoms or groups of atoms or ligands are arranged around a central atom defining the vertices of a gyroelongated triangular pyramid. This shape has C3v symmetry and is one of the three common shapes for heptacoordinate tr... | Capped octahedral molecular geometry | 0.798214 |
88,254 | Guido Ascoli (12 December 1887, in Livorno – 10 May 1957, in Torino) was an Italian mathematician, known for his contributions to the theory of partial differential equations, and for his works on the teaching of mathematics in secondary high schools. | Guido Ascoli | 0.798214 |
88,255 | The most dramatic change in the topology from the classical picture to the new is that points are no longer necessarily closed; by expanding the definition, Grothendieck introduced generic points, which are the points with maximal closure, that is the minimal prime ideals. The closed points correspond to maximal ideals... | Closed point | 0.798214 |
88,256 | In an infinite-dimensional space V, as used in functional analysis, the flag idea generalises to a subspace nest, namely a collection of subspaces of V that is a total order for inclusion and which further is closed under arbitrary intersections and closed linear spans. See nest algebra. | Standard flag | 0.798214 |
88,257 | Pointprobe® AFM Probes for Non-Contact, Contact and Force Modulation Mode have become the standard silicon etched probes in many research laboratories. Arrow AFM Probes for Non-Contact, Contact and Force Modulation Mode and feature a unique tip shape with visibility of the tip from the top. This allows precise position... | NanoWorld | 0.798214 |
88,258 | In mathematics, more specifically in abstract algebra, the Frobenius theorem, proved by Ferdinand Georg Frobenius in 1877, characterizes the finite-dimensional associative division algebras over the real numbers. According to the theorem, every such algebra is isomorphic to one of the following: R (the real numbers) C ... | Frobenius theorem (real division algebras) | 0.798214 |
88,259 | In general, as in the Edgeworth paradox, no pure-strategy Nash equilibrium will exist. Huw Dixon showed that in general a mixed strategy Nash equilibrium will exist when there are convex costs. Dixon’s proof used the Existence Theorem of Partha Dasgupta and Eric Maskin. Under Dixon's assumption of (weakly) convex costs... | Bertrand–Edgeworth model | 0.798214 |
88,260 | The ray modulo m is K m , 1 = { a ∈ K ×: a ≡ ∗ 1 ( m o d m ) } . {\displaystyle K_{\mathbf {m} ,1}=\left\{a\in K^{\times }:a\equiv ^{\ast }\!1\,(\mathrm {mod} \,\mathbf {m} )\right\}.} A modulus m can be split into two parts, mf and m∞, the product over the finite and infinite places, respectively. Let Im to be one of ... | Modulus (algebraic number theory) | 0.798213 |
88,261 | Given that the terms on the right-hand side of the equation are known, this is a tridiagonal problem, so that u i n + 1 {\displaystyle u_{i}^{n+1}} may be efficiently solved by using the tridiagonal matrix algorithm in favor over the much more costly matrix inversion. A quasilinear equation, such as (this is a minimali... | Crank–Nicolson method | 0.798213 |
88,262 | In genetics, it is sometimes useful to classify mutations as either harmful or beneficial (or neutral): A harmful, or deleterious, mutation decreases the fitness of the organism. Many, but not all mutations in essential genes are harmful (if a mutation does not change the amino acid sequence in an essential protein, it... | Conditional mutation | 0.798213 |
88,263 | Weil, André (1984). Number Theory: An approach through history From Hammurapi to Legendre. Birkhäuser. ISBN 978-0-8176-3141-3. | Pierre de Fermat | 0.798213 |
88,264 | In theoretical physics, Nielsen–Olesen string is a one-dimensional object or equivalently a classical solution of certain equations of motion. The solution does not depend on the direction along the string; the dependence on the other two, transverse dimensions is identical as in the case of a Nielsen–Olesen vortex. | Nielsen–Olesen string | 0.798212 |
88,265 | Von Neumann regular rings should not be confused with the unrelated regular rings and regular local rings of commutative algebra. An element a of a ring is called a von Neumann regular element if there exists an x such that a = axa. An ideal i {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {i}}} is called a (von Neumann) regular ideal if f... | Von Neumann regular element | 0.798212 |
88,266 | However, cumulative research in neuroscience suggests that only a small part of the brain's activities operate at the level of conscious reflection. The vast majority of its activities consist of unconscious appraisals and emotions. The significance of emotions in decision-making has generally been ignored by rational ... | Individual Rationality | 0.798212 |
88,267 | This is the stage where data is transformed into information and, eventually, intelligence or insight. This is the phase where artificial intelligence and machine learning in particular play a key role. | Artificial intelligence marketing | 0.798212 |
88,268 | In Physics, antisymmetric exchange, also known as the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), is a contribution to the total magnetic exchange interaction between two neighboring magnetic spins, S i {\displaystyle \mathbf {S} _{i}} and S j {\displaystyle \mathbf {S} _{j}} . Quantitatively, it is a term in the Hamilton... | Antisymmetric exchange | 0.798212 |
88,269 | Hossain has conducted research with world renowned plant scientists, among whom are Joseph C. Arthur Distinguished Professor of Plant Physiology and Emeritus Professor of Botany and Plant Pathology of Purdue University Thomas K Hodges, Japanese plant physiologist and Professor Emeritus of Kyoto University Kozi Asada, f... | M. Anwar Hossain | 0.798212 |
88,270 | All Carbon materials are sold as a liquid resin. Each material is cured by UV light, which defines the overall geometry, and the engineering-grade resins have a secondary thermal cure, which sets the final material properties. Prototyping and modeling resins undergo only the UV cure and a post-processing IPA rinse. | Carbon (company) | 0.798212 |
88,271 | A year later, George Uhlenbeck and Samuel Goudsmit identified Pauli's new degree of freedom as electron spin, in which Pauli for a very long time wrongly refused to believe.In 1926, shortly after Heisenberg published the matrix theory of modern quantum mechanics, Pauli used it to derive the observed spectrum of the hyd... | Wolfgang Pauli | 0.798211 |
88,272 | In electrical engineering and electronics, a network is a collection of interconnected components. Network analysis is the process of finding the voltages across, and the currents through, all network components. There are many techniques for calculating these values; however, for the most part, the techniques assume l... | Circuit theory | 0.798211 |
88,273 | For example, if x ∗ = y {\displaystyle x^{*}=y} then since y ∗ = x ∗ ∗ = x {\displaystyle y^{*}=x^{**}=x} in a star-algebra, the set {x,y} is a self-adjoint set even though x and y need not be self-adjoint elements. In functional analysis, a linear operator A: H → H {\displaystyle A:H\to H} on a Hilbert space is called... | Self adjoint | 0.79821 |
88,274 | Creating the programming, inverse kinematics and dynamics for modular robots is more complex than with traditional robots. Modular robots may be composed of L-shaped modules, cubic modules, and U and H-shaped modules. ANAT technology, an early modular robotic technology patented by Robotics Design Inc., allows the crea... | Robot | 0.79821 |
88,275 | , weakest liberal precondition. Those logics however made no connection with either modal logic, Kripke semantics, regular expressions, or the calculus of binary relations. Dynamic logic therefore can be viewed as a refinement of algorithmic logic and predicate transformers that connects them up to the axiomatics and K... | Propositional dynamic logic | 0.79821 |
88,276 | Regina Rameika from the Department of Energy Office of Science summarized the P5 charge in a presentation to the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel on Dec. 8, 2022. The charge asked P5 to: Update the 2014 P5 strategic plan, making recommendations for actions within a ten year time-frame while considering a twenty year ... | Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel | 0.79821 |
88,277 | A lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a device that integrates one or several laboratory functions on a single integrated circuit (commonly called a "chip") of only millimeters to a few square centimeters to achieve automation and high-throughput screening. LOCs can handle extremely small fluid volumes down to less than pico-liters... | Microfluidic chip | 0.798209 |
88,278 | Starting from his variational principle, Schwinger derived a set of equations for Green's functions non-perturbatively, which generalize Dyson's equations to the Schwinger–Dyson equations for the Green functions of quantum field theories. Today they provide a non-perturbative approach to quantum field theories and appl... | Dyson-Schwinger equation | 0.798209 |
88,279 | Absolutely irreducible representations. These remain irreducible over an algebraic closure of the field. Barsotti–Tate representations. | Ramification of Galois representations | 0.798209 |
88,280 | During the Renaissance, the development of mathematics and of accounting were intertwined. While there is no direct relationship between algebra and accounting, the teaching of the subjects and the books published often intended for the children of merchants who were sent to reckoning schools (in Flanders and Germany) ... | History of mathematics | 0.798209 |
88,281 | Infinity-categories are a variant of classical categories where composition of morphisms is not uniquely defined, but only up to contractible choice. In general, it does not make sense to say that a diagram commutes strictly in an infinity-category, but only that it commutes up to coherent homotopy. One can define an i... | Highly structured ring spectrum | 0.798209 |
88,282 | Ming Wu, a UC Berkeley Professor of electrical engineering and computer sciences invented the new optoelectronic tweezers. Wu transformed the optical energy from low powered light emitting diodes (LED) into electrical energy via a photoconductive surface. The idea is to allow the LED to switch on and off the photocondu... | Laser tweezer | 0.798209 |
88,283 | Many remote sensing methods can be used to map wetlands. The integration of multi-sourced data such as LiDAR and aerial photos proves more effective at mapping wetlands than the use of aerial photos alone, especially with the aid of modern machine learning methods (e.g., deep learning). Overall, using digital data prov... | Wetland restoration | 0.798209 |
88,284 | RTEMS is used in many application domains. The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) community includes multiple people who are active RTEMS submitters. RTEMS is also popular for space uses since it supports multiple microprocessors developed for use in space including SPARC ERC32 and LEON, MIPS Mo... | RTEMS | 0.798209 |
88,285 | Plant Simulation is a computer application developed by Siemens Digital Industries Software for modelling, simulating, analyzing, visualizing and optimizing production systems and processes, the flow of materials and logistic operations. Using Tecnomatix Plant Simulation, users can optimize material flow, resource util... | Plant Simulation | 0.798208 |
88,286 | The second law of thermodynamics puts a fundamental limit on the thermal efficiency of all heat engines. Even an ideal, frictionless engine can't convert anywhere near 100% of its input heat into work. The limiting factors are the temperature at which the heat enters the engine, T H {\displaystyle T_{\rm {H}}\,} , and ... | Thermal efficiency | 0.798208 |
88,287 | Yuguo Chen is a professor of statistics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His work mainly focuses on Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms and network analysis. He received a B.S. in mathematics from University of Science and Technology of China in 1997 and a Ph.D. in statistics at Stanford University in... | Yuguo Chen | 0.798208 |
88,288 | Del, or nabla, is an operator used in mathematics (particularly in vector calculus) as a vector differential operator, usually represented by the nabla symbol ∇. When applied to a function defined on a one-dimensional domain, it denotes the standard derivative of the function as defined in calculus. When applied to a f... | Divergence operator | 0.798208 |
88,289 | Additionally, since Mycoplasma pneumoniae has a reduced genome, the majority of its metabolic enzymes are essential. This is in contrast to another model organism, Escherichia coli, in which only 15% of its metabolic enzymes are essential. In summary, the linear topology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae's metabolome leads to r... | Mycoplasmal infection | 0.798207 |
88,290 | Equipartition was used above to derive the classical ideal gas law from Newtonian mechanics. However, relativistic effects become dominant in some systems, such as white dwarfs and neutron stars, and the ideal gas equations must be modified. The equipartition theorem provides a convenient way to derive the correspondin... | Equipartition of energy | 0.798207 |
88,291 | In statistics, Gibbs sampling or a Gibbs sampler is a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for obtaining a sequence of observations which are approximated from a specified multivariate probability distribution, when direct sampling is difficult. This sequence can be used to approximate the joint distribution (e.g.... | Gibbs sampler | 0.798207 |
88,292 | The essential dimension of a linear algebraic group G is always finite and bounded by the minimal dimension of a generically free representation minus the dimension of G. For G a Spin group over an algebraically closed field k, the essential dimension is listed in OEIS: A280191. The essential dimension of a finite alge... | Essential dimension | 0.798207 |
88,293 | Joseph Lipman (born June 15, 1938) is a Canadian-American mathematician, working in algebraic geometry. Lipman graduated from the University of Toronto with a Bachelor's degree in 1960 and then went to Harvard University, receiving his master's degree in 1961. He then earned a Ph.D. there in 1965 under the supervision ... | Joseph Lipman | 0.798207 |
88,294 | In mathematical logic, Gödel's β function is a function used to permit quantification over finite sequences of natural numbers in formal theories of arithmetic. The β function is used, in particular, in showing that the class of arithmetically definable functions is closed under primitive recursion, and therefore inclu... | Gödel's β function | 0.798206 |
88,295 | For any k {\displaystyle k} -vector more associated objects exist: rank is defined to be the smallest number of simple elements of which it is a sum; support is defined as the minimal subspace the k {\displaystyle k} -vector lives in; the divisor space (some authors might have other names for it, like kernel or factor)... | Grassmann algebra | 0.798206 |
88,296 | A fixed-wing aircraft, typically airplane, is a heavier-than-air flying vehicle, in which the special geometry of the wings generates lift and then lifts the whole vehicle. Fixed-wing aircraft range from small trainers and recreational aircraft to large airliners and military cargo aircraft. For short distances or in p... | Mode of transport | 0.798206 |
88,297 | Mental disorders are often defined by 'dysfunction' in psychiatric manuals such as the DSM, without a precise definition of what constitutes dysfunction, allowing any mental state deemed socially unacceptable (such as homosexuality) to be considered dysfunctional, and thus a mental disorder. Evolutionary theory is uniq... | Evolutionary psychiatry | 0.798206 |
88,298 | In mathematics and physics, especially the study of mechanics and fluid dynamics, the d'Alembert-Euler condition is a requirement that the streaklines of a flow are irrotational. Let x = x(X,t) be the coordinates of the point x into which X is carried at time t by a (fluid) flow. Let x ¨ = D 2 x D t {\displaystyle {\dd... | D'Alembert–Euler condition | 0.798205 |
88,299 | While traditional development statistics is mainly concerned with the representativeness of random survey samples, digital trace data is never a random sample. Generalizability. While observational data always represents this source very well, it only represents what it represents, and nothing more. | Big data analysis | 0.798205 |
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