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88,400 | In a series of papers in the 1990s the survey showed that while Type Ia supernovae do not all reach the same peak luminosity, a single parameter measured from the light curve can be used to correct unreddened Type Ia supernovae to standard candle values. The original correction to standard candle value is known as the ... | Ia supernova | 0.798184 |
88,401 | His device was the foundation for further developments in analog computing.The differential analyser, a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration using wheel-and-disc mechanisms, was conceptualized in 1876 by James Thomson, the brother of the more famous Lord Kelvin. He explored... | Early computer | 0.798184 |
88,402 | Because the leading edge is so highly swept, this leading edge separation develops into a vortex structure which rolls around the leading edge and eventually sits over the upper surface (as on a delta wing aircraft). This mechanism is enhanced by making the leading edge of the aerofoil in this region relatively sharp. ... | BERP rotors | 0.798184 |
88,403 | Erik D. Demaine (born February 28, 1981) is a professor of computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a former child prodigy. | Erik Demaine | 0.798184 |
88,404 | Variable retention is gradually becoming a popularly promoted tool for helping resolve the dilemma between demands for wood and demands to maintain habitat and ecology biodiversity and structural diversity in managed forests. What is at issue is how much a forest operation can log without adversely interfering with oth... | Variable retention | 0.798183 |
88,405 | A cohort study is a particular form of longitudinal study that samples a cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically those who experienced a common event in a selected period, such as birth or graduation), performing a cross-section at intervals through time. It is a type of panel study whe... | Cohort studies | 0.798183 |
88,406 | “Bringing Up and Booting Up: Social Theory and the Emergence of Socially Intelligent Robots,” Proceedings of the 2001 Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Conference, Tucson AZ, October 7–10, 2001. “What is Science?” invited essay, contributed to Life: The Science of Biology, 7th ed. | Sal Restivo | 0.798183 |
88,407 | Vitamin C megadosage is a term describing the consumption or injection of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in doses well beyond the current United States Recommended Dietary Allowance of 90 milligrams per day, and often well beyond the tolerable upper intake level of 2,000 milligrams per day. There is no scientific evidence t... | Vitamin C megadosage | 0.798183 |
88,408 | This product really is the best solution for this security issue. It's protecting the end-point from a ransomware threat.”In October 2018, ICSA Labs released a report, stating Nyotron's Paranoid was ICSA Labs certified in Advanced Threat Defense. The report goes on to say that Nyotron detected 100% of the 441 malicious... | Nyotron | 0.798182 |
88,409 | The next year he published Principles of the Algebra of Logic which interpreted Boolean variable expressions with algebraic manipulation.During his life, Macfarlane played a prominent role in research and education. He taught at the universities of Edinburgh and St Andrews, was physics professor at the University of Te... | Alexander Macfarlane | 0.798182 |
88,410 | The objective of each level in Crayon Physics Deluxe is to guide a ball from a predetermined start point so that it touches all of the stars placed on the level. The ball and nearly all objects on the screen are affected by gravity. The player cannot control the ball directly, but rather must influence the ball's movem... | Crayon Physics | 0.798182 |
88,411 | Sakti3 has described methods for producing scalable solid-state batteries, using thin film deposition guided by numerical simulations and optimization and apparently used multiple deposition techniques.Sakti3 has been recognized with several technical awards, including MIT Technology Review's Top 50 Most Disruptive Com... | Sakti3 | 0.798181 |
88,412 | The events are called pairwise independent if any two events in the collection are independent of each other, while mutual independence (or collective independence) of events means, informally speaking, that each event is independent of any combination of other events in the collection. A similar notion exists for coll... | Probabilistic independence | 0.798181 |
88,413 | Let X be a set, C a family of subsets of X which contains the empty set and p a non-negative extended real valued function on C which vanishes on the empty set. Theorem. Suppose the family C and the function p are as above and define φ ( E ) = inf { ∑ i = 0 ∞ p ( A i ) | E ⊆ ⋃ i = 0 ∞ A i , ∀ i ∈ N , A i ∈ C } . | Outer measure | 0.79818 |
88,414 | Petersburg. At least in the English-speaking world, this attribution seems to have been owing to comments from the multi-lingual popular astronomy writer Willy Ley (1966), who consulted sources in both Russian and German, and wrote that Lomonosov observed a luminous ring (this was Ley's interpretation and was not indic... | Transit of Venus | 0.79818 |
88,415 | In addition, the percent of women studying chemistry increased from 3% before World War I to 35% during the war. After graduating, she worked in the chemistry laboratory of the Berlin turbine factory of AEG, which is a company that is affiliated with General Electric in the United States.The building she worked in, des... | Ida Noddack | 0.79818 |
88,416 | The aims of the team are to raise environmental awareness, develop interest in renewable energy, educate the public on the environment, and take part in local community events. The majority of funding for the solar cars come from internal and external sponsorship.The name "Midnight Sun" comes from Midnight Sun, a natur... | Midnight Sun Solar Race Team | 0.79818 |
88,417 | Conversion of THCA to THC in vivo appears to be very limited, giving it only very slight efficacy as a prodrug for THC. In receptor binding assays it is promiscuous; there are papers showing it being an inhibitor of PC-PLC, COX-1, COX-2, TRPM8, TRPV1, FAAH, NAAA, MGL, and DGLα, and an inhibitor of anandamide transport,... | Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid | 0.79818 |
88,418 | Markov random fields find application in a variety of fields, ranging from computer graphics to computer vision, machine learning or computational biology, and information retrieval. MRFs are used in image processing to generate textures as they can be used to generate flexible and stochastic image models. In image mod... | Markov random field | 0.79818 |
88,419 | The company releases regular reports on leading trends and developments within the manufacturing industry, including the 3D Printing Trend Report and the Supply Chain Resilience Report. Hubs also runs a yearly student grant with the aim of encouraging and supporting engineering students in their development of innovati... | 3D Hubs | 0.79818 |
88,420 | Matthew Stanley Johnson (born 14 December 1966) is an American atmospheric chemistry scientist at Atmospheric Research Center at the University of Copenhagen. Johnson has made contributions to several areas of chemistry, including kinetics, spectroscopy, isotope effects and application of atmospheric chemistry knowledg... | Matthew S. Johnson | 0.798179 |
88,421 | In the fields of medicine, biotechnology, and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new drugs are discovered.Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. Later chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural pro... | Gastrointestinal medication | 0.798179 |
88,422 | For example, the median has a breakdown point of 0.5. The X% trimmed mean has a breakdown point of X%, for the chosen level of X. Huber (1981) and Maronna et al. (2019) contain more details. The level and the power breakdown points of tests are investigated in He, Simpson & Portnoy (1990). Statistics with high breakdow... | Influence function (statistics) | 0.798178 |
88,423 | New Horizons carries seven instruments: three optical instruments, two plasma instruments, a dust sensor and a radio science receiver/radiometer. The instruments are to be used to investigate the global geology, surface composition, surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, atmospheric temperature and escape rate of P... | New Horizons | 0.798178 |
88,424 | Epigenetic mechanisms are sensitive to environmental effects, and key participants in shaping an adult phenotype. Several types of epigenetic inheritance systems may play a role in what has become known as cell memory, note however that not all of these are universally accepted to be examples of epigenetics. | Epigenetic theory | 0.798178 |
88,425 | However, the information may not be published or posted publicly on the Internet, nor released outside of the community. Note: when “community” is not defined, assume the cybersecurity/defense community. CLEAR - unlimited formerly: WHITE - unlimitedSubject to standard copyright rules, CLEAR/WHITE information may be dis... | Traffic Light Protocol | 0.798178 |
88,426 | In mathematics, a filtered algebra is a generalization of the notion of a graded algebra. Examples appear in many branches of mathematics, especially in homological algebra and representation theory. A filtered algebra over the field k {\displaystyle k} is an algebra ( A , ⋅ ) {\displaystyle (A,\cdot )} over k {\displa... | Filtered ring | 0.798178 |
88,427 | Rehabilitation engineering is the systematic application of engineering sciences to design, develop, adapt, test, evaluate, apply, and distribute technological solutions to problems confronted by individuals with disabilities. Functional areas addressed through rehabilitation engineering may include mobility, communica... | Biomedical engineering | 0.798178 |
88,428 | As long as u + v and αv are not zero, they are also eigenvectors of A associated with λ. The dimension of the eigenspace E associated with λ, or equivalently the maximum number of linearly independent eigenvectors associated with λ, is referred to as the eigenvalue's geometric multiplicity γ A ( λ ) {\displaystyle \gam... | Eigenvalue, eigenvector, and eigenspace | 0.798177 |
88,429 | Swimme is an evolutionary cosmologist on the graduate faculty of the California Institute of Integral Studies in the philosophy, cosmology and consciousness and also ecology, spirituality, and religion programs, areas of study within the philosophy and religion program. Swimme's primary field of research is the nature ... | Brian Swimme | 0.798177 |
88,430 | RAVE (RAdial Velocity Experiment) is a multi-fiber spectroscopic astronomical survey of stars in the Milky Way using the 1.2-metre UK Schmidt Telescope of the Australian Astronomical Observatory (AAO). The RAVE collaboration consists of researchers from over 20 institutions around the world and is coordinated by the Le... | RAVE (survey) | 0.798177 |
88,431 | In mathematics, an E n {\displaystyle {\mathcal {E}}_{n}} -algebra in a symmetric monoidal infinity category C consists of the following data: An object A ( U ) {\displaystyle A(U)} for any open subset U of Rn homeomorphic to an n-disk. A multiplication map: μ: A ( U 1 ) ⊗ ⋯ ⊗ A ( U m ) → A ( V ) {\displaystyle \mu :A(... | E n-ring | 0.798177 |
88,432 | Frontiers in Number Theory, Physics and Geometry. Vol. 2. Springer Verlag. | Werner Nahm | 0.798176 |
88,433 | The researchers recognized the problems with racial and ethnic variables but the majority still believed these variables were necessary and useful.A 2010 examination of 18 widely used English anatomy textbooks found that they all represented human biological variation in superficial and outdated ways, many of them maki... | Racial classification | 0.798176 |
88,434 | These include the buccal region (especially cavities in the gingiva), rumen, caecum etc. of mammalian herbivores or even invertebrate digestive tracts. In the case of mammalian gastrointestinal microecology, microorganisms such as protozoa, bacteria, as well as curious incompletely defined organisms (such as certain la... | Microecosystem | 0.798176 |
88,435 | These demonstrate the positive-definiteness and symmetry required of an inner product; it is common to call tr(A⊤B) the Frobenius inner product of A and B. This is a natural inner product on the vector space of all real matrices of fixed dimensions. The norm derived from this inner product is called the Frobenius norm,... | Trace (linear algebra) | 0.798176 |
88,436 | Early in his career Tarski taught geometry and researched set theory. His coworker Steven Givant (1999) explained Tarski's take-off point: From Enriques, Tarski learned of the work of Mario Pieri, an Italian geometer who was strongly influenced by Peano. Tarski preferred Pieri's system , where the logical structure and... | Tarski's axioms | 0.798176 |
88,437 | Assuming that a network has an underlying hyperbolic geometry, one can use the framework of spatial networks to generate scale-free degree distributions. This heterogeneous degree distribution then simply reflects the negative curvature and metric properties of the underlying hyperbolic geometry. | Scale free network | 0.798176 |
88,438 | Donald W. Loveland (born December 26, 1934 in Rochester, New York) is a professor emeritus of computer science at Duke University who specializes in artificial intelligence. He is well known for the Davis–Putnam–Logemann–Loveland algorithm.Loveland graduated from Oberlin College in 1956, received a master's degree from... | Donald W. Loveland | 0.798176 |
88,439 | Climate engineering – the large-scale manipulation of a specific process central to controlling Earth’s climate for the purpose of obtaining a specific benefit. Software engineering – the technology and application of a systematic approach to the development, operation, maintenance, and retirement of computer software.... | Outline of technology | 0.798175 |
88,440 | Time series metrics or features that can be used for time series classification or regression analysis: Univariate linear measures Moment (mathematics) Spectral band power Spectral edge frequency Accumulated Energy (signal processing) Characteristics of the autocorrelation function Hjorth parameters FFT parameters Auto... | Time-series data | 0.798175 |
88,441 | It consists of propositional logic and first-order logic. Propositional logic only considers logical relations between full propositions. First-order logic also takes the internal parts of propositions into account, like predicates and quantifiers. Extended logics accept the basic intuitions behind classical logic and ... | Formal logic | 0.798175 |
88,442 | Greenpeace for instance commissioned a report concerning nanotechnology in which they express concern into the toxicity of nanomaterials that have been introduced in the environment. However, it makes only passing references to "assembler" technology. The UK Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering also commissio... | Molecular manufacturing | 0.798175 |
88,443 | Then the subgroup of the Brauer group of K killed by n is generated by cyclic algebras of degree n. Equivalently, any division algebra of period dividing n is Brauer equivalent to a tensor product of cyclic algebras of degree n. Even for a prime number p, there are examples showing that a division algebra of period p n... | Brauer equivalence | 0.798175 |
88,444 | Andrews, Ben; Hopper, Christopher (2011). The Ricci Flow in Riemannian Geometry: A Complete Proof of the Differentiable 1/4-Pinching Sphere Theorem. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Vol. | Ricci flow | 0.798175 |
88,445 | Thiophosphoryl bromide has tetrahedral molecular geometry and C3v molecular symmetry. According to gas electron diffraction, the phosphorus–sulfur bond length is 1.895 Å and the phosphorus–bromine bond length is 2.193 Å, while the S=P–Br bond angle is 116.2° and the Br–P–Br bond angle is 101.9°.Thiophosphoryl bromide i... | Thiophosphoryl bromide | 0.798175 |
88,446 | Flatness refers to the shape of a liquid's free surface. On Earth, the flatness of a liquid is a function of the curvature of the planet, and from trigonometry, can be found to deviate from true flatness by approximately 19.6 nanometers over an area of 1 square meter, a deviation which is dominated by the effects of su... | Free surface | 0.798174 |
88,447 | tensor The tensor product algebra of associative algebras is the tensor product of the algebras as the modules with component multiplication The tensor algebra of a vector space or a module V is the direct sum of all tensor powers V ⊗ n {\displaystyle V^{\otimes n}} with the multiplication given by tensor product. triv... | Glossary of ring theory | 0.798174 |
88,448 | Transcription factories, in genetics describe the discrete sites where transcription occurs in the cell nucleus, and are an example of a biomolecular condensate. They were first discovered in 1993 and have been found to have structures analogous to replication factories, sites where replication also occurs in discrete ... | Transcription factories | 0.798174 |
88,449 | The focus of mind uploading, in the case of copy-and-transfer, is on data acquisition, rather than data maintenance of the brain. A set of approaches known as loosely coupled off-loading (LCOL) may be used in the attempt to characterize and copy the mental contents of a brain. The LCOL approach may take advantage of se... | Whole brain emulation | 0.798174 |
88,450 | Another concern was that Planet matched the story, which resulted in the fungus being connected across continents, as it is supposed to be a gigantic neural network.Terraforming is a natural outgrowth of colonizing an alien world. The first playable prototype was just a map generator that tested climate changes during ... | Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri | 0.798173 |
88,451 | In machine learning, the Highway Network was the first working very deep feedforward neural network with hundreds of layers, much deeper than previous artificial neural networks. It uses skip connections modulated by learned gating mechanisms to regulate information flow, inspired by Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recur... | Highway network | 0.798173 |
88,452 | It is conjectured there is a final theory of higher stacks which model homotopy types. Grothendieck conjectured these would be modelled by globular groupoids, or a weak form of their definition. Simpson gives a useful definition in the spirit of Grothendieck's ideas. Recall that an algebraic stack (here a 1-stack) is c... | Spectral algebraic geometry | 0.798172 |
88,453 | In the field of Operations research Opportunity values are called Shadow prices or sometimes Marginal values. Field of opportunities (sometimes also called Profit Gap) is another concept of Enterprise Optimization. Field of opportunities is defined as the distance between the best-possible level of enterprise performan... | Enterprise optimization | 0.798172 |
88,454 | The Energiewende (German for energy transition) is the transition by Germany to a low carbon, environmentally sound, reliable, and affordable energy supply. The new system will rely heavily on renewable energy (particularly wind, photovoltaics, and biomass) energy efficiency, and energy demand management. Most if not a... | Renewable energy policy | 0.798172 |
88,455 | Students learn languages such as HTML, C++, ActionScript, and JavaScript. This program of study also encompasses business courses, with an emphasis on e-commerce and macroeconomics.Internet services technology covers a broad range of technologies used for web development, web production, design, networking, and e-comme... | Internet services technology | 0.798172 |
88,456 | He also discovered the Mazur manifold and the Mazur swindle. His observations in the 1960s on analogies between primes and knots were taken up by others in the 1990s giving rise to the field of arithmetic topology. Coming under the influence of Alexander Grothendieck's approach to algebraic geometry, he moved into area... | Barry Mazur | 0.798172 |
88,457 | In chemistry, the cyclooctatetraenide anion or cyclooctatetraenide, more precisely cyclooctatetraenediide, is an aromatic species with a formula of 2− and abbreviated as COT2−. It is the dianion of cyclooctatetraene. Salts of the cyclooctatetraenide anion can be stable, e.g., Dipotassium cyclooctatetraenide or disodium... | Cyclooctatetraenide anion | 0.798172 |
88,458 | Pengcheng Dai is a Chinese American experimental physicist and academic. He is the Sam and Helen Worden Professor of Physics in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Rice University.Dai is most known for his research in the field of unconventional superconductivity and has contributed to comprehending the role of ... | Pengcheng Dai | 0.798172 |
88,459 | An important example of a non-normal topology is given by the Zariski topology on an algebraic variety or on the spectrum of a ring, which is used in algebraic geometry. A non-normal space of some relevance to analysis is the topological vector space of all functions from the real line R to itself, with the topology of... | Completely normal space | 0.798171 |
88,460 | Chromosome 20 open reading frame 111, or C20orf111, is the hypothetical protein that in humans is encoded by the C20orf111 gene. C20orf111 is also known as Perit1 (peroxide inducible transcript 1), HSPC207, and dJ1183I21.1. It was originally located using genomic sequencing of chromosome 20. | OSER1 | 0.798171 |
88,461 | The Kochen–Specker theorem states that no non-contextual hidden-variable model can reproduce the predictions of quantum theory when the dimension of the Hilbert space is three or more. Bell published a proof of the Kochen–Specker theorem in 1966, in an article which had been submitted to a journal earlier than his famo... | Kochen–Specker theorem | 0.798171 |
88,462 | The Medical Research Council (UK) Human Genetics Unit is situated at the Western General Hospital in Edinburgh. It is one of the largest MRC research establishments, housing over two hundred scientists, support staff, research fellows, PhD students, and visiting workers. | MRC Human Genetics Unit | 0.79817 |
88,463 | This gel is used to separate organs and tissue after surgery. Scientific documentation so far covers the gynaecology speciality. IE Laparoscopic surgery, hysteroscopy/hysteroscopic surgery but also open surgery. | Hyalobarrier | 0.79817 |
88,464 | Contemporary Western astrology is often associated with systems of horoscopes that purport to explain aspects of a person's personality and predict significant events in their lives based on the positions of celestial objects; the majority of professional astrologers rely on such systems. : 83 Throughout most of its hi... | Terms or bounds | 0.79817 |
88,465 | In geometry, an arrangement of lines is the subdivision of the plane formed by a collection of lines. Problems of counting the features of arrangements have been studied in discrete geometry, and computational geometers have found algorithms for the efficient construction of arrangements. | Arrangements of lines | 0.79817 |
88,466 | According to the metalog flexibility theorem, any probability distribution with a continuous quantile function can be approximated arbitrarily closely by a metalog. Moreover, in the original paper, Keelin showed that ten-term metalog distributions parameterized by 105 CDF points from 30 traditional source distributions... | Metalog distribution | 0.79817 |
88,467 | In transformation geometry there are compositions AB. Starting with a row vector v, the right action of the composed transformation is w = vAB. After transposition, w T = ( v A B ) T = ( A B ) T v T = B T A T v T . | Partial transformation | 0.798169 |
88,468 | Unfortunately, Myc possesses several features that have rendered it difficult to drug to date, such that any anti-cancer drugs aimed at inhibiting Myc may continue to require perturbing the protein indirectly, such as by targeting the mRNA for the protein rather than via a small molecule that targets the protein itself... | Proto-oncogene proteins c-myc | 0.798169 |
88,469 | The upgraded telescope has been used for observing pulse nulling. The interferometer can be used at Channel 37 (608 MHz to 614 MHz, important radio astronomy frequencies) with lesser performance. | Ooty Radio Telescope | 0.798169 |
88,470 | Data suggests if the M5 material can be brought to market, its performance will be roughly equivalent to PBO. In May 2008, the Teijin Aramid group announced a "super-fibers" development program. The Teijin emphasis appears to be on computational chemistry to define a solution to high tenacity without environmental weak... | Kevlar vest | 0.798169 |
88,471 | In molecular biology, SNORA15 (also known as ACA15) is a member of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines.This family also includes the mouse MBI-79 sequence. | Small nucleolar RNA SNORA15 | 0.798169 |
88,472 | Alongside his work on functional material discovery, Fuchter works in medicinal chemistry and develops small molecule ligands that can either inhibit or stimulate the activity of disease relevant proteins. While he has worked on many drug targets, he has specialised in proteins involved in the transcriptional and epige... | Matthew Fuchter | 0.798168 |
88,473 | He wrote the first error tolerant, splice aware protein alignment program, used in the human and subsequent genome analysis; he co-authored one of the first and most widely used short read assemblers. In terms of data integration, Ewan has led the analysis in many genomic consortia, in particular ENCODE, leading the in... | Ewan Birney | 0.798168 |
88,474 | It can also be applied to ordinal data (ranked data): the MiniTab online documentation gives an example. However, this document notes: "When you have ordinal ratings, such as defect severity ratings on a scale of 1–5, Kendall's coefficients, which account for ordering, are usually more appropriate statistics to determ... | Fleiss' kappa | 0.798168 |
88,475 | Discrete element method Divided differences Finite difference coefficient Finite difference method Finite element method Finite volume method Numerical differentiation Numerical integration Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations | Discrete calculus | 0.798168 |
88,476 | Info-metrics is an interdisciplinary approach to scientific modeling, inference and efficient information processing. It is the science of modeling, reasoning, and drawing inferences under conditions of noisy and limited information. From the point of view of the sciences, this framework is at the intersection of infor... | Info-metrics | 0.798167 |
88,477 | IntraText is a digital library that offers an interface while meeting formal requirements. Texts are displayed in a hypertextual way, based on a Tablet PC interface. By linking words in the text, it provides Concordances, word lists, statistics and links to cited works. Most content is available under a Creative Common... | IntraText | 0.798167 |
88,478 | Given that cultivable organisms represent about 1% of the entire microbial community, culture-independent techniques and especially metagenomic studies applied to atmospheric microbiology have the potential to provide additional information on the selection and genetic adaptation of airborne microorganisms.There are so... | Aeroplankton | 0.798167 |
88,479 | Given enough variety of "species" they might even form a type of ecology, or – should they also have a form of artificial intelligence – a society. They may even mutate with untold thousands of "generations". The first quantitative engineering analysis of such a spacecraft was published in 1980 by Robert Freitas, in wh... | Von Neumann Probe | 0.798167 |
88,480 | Quantum mechanics uses the word 'degenerate' in two ways: degenerate energy levels and as the low temperature ground state limit for states of matter. : 437 The electron degeneracy pressure occurs in the ground state systems which are non-degenerate in energy levels. The term "degeneracy" derives from work on the speci... | Degeneracy pressure | 0.798166 |
88,481 | Vector optimization is a subarea of mathematical optimization where optimization problems with a vector-valued objective functions are optimized with respect to a given partial ordering and subject to certain constraints. A multi-objective optimization problem is a special case of a vector optimization problem: The obj... | Vector optimization | 0.798166 |
88,482 | Also hosted is Jim Foley's Fossil Hominids sub-site which studies the evidence for human evolution and has an extensive list of links to websites on both evolutionary biology and creationism. Lastly, the Quote Mine Project examines the use of Quote mining – taking quotes out of context – by creationists. The feedback s... | TalkOrigins Archive | 0.798166 |
88,483 | The signature of an algebraic specification defines its formal syntax. The word "signature" is used like the concept of "key signature" in musical notation. A signature consists of a set S {\displaystyle S} of data types, known as sorts, together with a family Σ {\displaystyle \Sigma } of sets, each set containing oper... | Algebraic semantics (computer science) | 0.798166 |
88,484 | 15: 5–93. Milnor, J (1970). "Algebraic K-theory and Quadratic Forms". | Algebraic K-group | 0.798166 |
88,485 | A theorem of Serre gives a cohomological characterization of an affine variety; it says an algebraic variety is affine if and only if H i ( X , F ) = 0 {\displaystyle H^{i}(X,F)=0} for any i > 0 {\displaystyle i>0} and any quasi-coherent sheaf F on X. (cf. Cartan's theorem B.) This makes the cohomological study of an a... | Affine varieties | 0.798165 |
88,486 | A totally ordered set is a partially ordered set in which any two elements are comparable. The Szpilrajn extension theorem states that every partial order is contained in a total order. Intuitively, the theorem says that any method of comparing elements that leaves some pairs incomparable can be extended in such a way ... | Comparability | 0.798165 |
88,487 | Some invariants are straightforward consequences of symmetries in the model of nucleotide substitution and they will take on a value of zero regardless of the underlying tree topology. For example, if we assume the Jukes-Cantor model of sequence evolution and a four-taxon tree we expect: f A C A T − f C G C A = 0 {\dis... | Phylogenetic invariants | 0.798165 |
88,488 | In chemistry and materials science, a conditioner is a substance or process that improves the quality of a given material. Conditioning agents used in skincare products are also known as moisturizers, and usually are composed of various oils and lubricants. One method of their use is as a coating of the substrate to al... | Conditioner (chemistry) | 0.798164 |
88,489 | Equipment technicians are generally primarily trained as mechanical or electrical engineering technicians, with specialisation training in specific diving equipment. The technician training is usually through a regular trade school, technical college or similar establishment, and the specialisation training is generall... | Public safety diver training | 0.798164 |
88,490 | Ivar Giaever (Norwegian: Giæver, IPA: ; born April 5, 1929) is a Norwegian-American engineer and physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson "for their discoveries regarding tunnelling phenomena in solids". Giaever's share of the prize was specifically for his "experimenta... | Ivar Giaever | 0.798164 |
88,491 | The particle accelerator DESY (acronym for Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron or German Electron Synchrotron) was the first particle accelerator of the DESY research centre in Hamburg and the one that gave the research centre its name. The DESY synchrotron was used for research in particle physics from 1964 to 1978 and s... | DESY (particle accelerator) | 0.798164 |
88,492 | In a separable Banach space ( X , + ) , {\displaystyle (X,+),} the group operation moves any subset A ⊆ X {\displaystyle A\subseteq X} to the translates A + x {\displaystyle A+x} for any x ∈ X . {\displaystyle x\in X.} When there is a probability measure μ on the σ-algebra of Borel subsets of X , {\displaystyle X,} suc... | Measure zero | 0.798164 |
88,493 | These quartiles are denoted by Q1 (also called the lower quartile), Q2 (the median), and Q3 (also called the upper quartile). The lower quartile corresponds with the 25th percentile and the upper quartile corresponds with the 75th percentile, so IQR = Q3 − Q1.The IQR is an example of a trimmed estimator, defined as the... | Interquartile range | 0.798164 |
88,494 | Gelfand 1. The Gelfand–Mazur theorem states that a Banach algebra that is a division ring is the field of complex numbers. 2. | Glossary of functional analysis | 0.798163 |
88,495 | The term bolometer is also used in particle physics to designate an unconventional particle detector. They use the same principle described above. The bolometers are sensitive not only to light but to every form of energy. The operating principle is similar to that of a calorimeter in thermodynamics. | Bolometer | 0.798163 |
88,496 | Cutter location is the topic of where to locate the cutter in order to achieve the desired contour (geometry) of the workpiece, given that the cutter's size is non-zero. The most common example is cutter radius compensation (CRC) for endmills, where the centerline of the tool will be offset from the target position by ... | Shell mill | 0.798162 |
88,497 | This lemma allows us to handle bipartite graphs with bounded degree in one part: Theorem (Alon, Krivelevich, and Sudakov, 2003). Let G {\displaystyle G} be a bipartite graph with vertex parts A {\displaystyle A} and B {\displaystyle B} such that every vertex in A {\displaystyle A} has degree at most r {\displaystyle r}... | Forbidden subgraph problem | 0.798162 |
88,498 | risk aversion risk premium risk-return relationship The direct relationship between the risk of an investment and its expected return or profit; the higher the risk, the higher the opportunity for gain or loss and vice versa. rivalry Robin Hood effect Robinson Crusoe economy Robustness The ability of a financial tradin... | Glossary of economics | 0.798162 |
88,499 | The liability-threshold model is a threshold model of categorical (usually binary) outcomes in which a large number of variables are summed to yield an overall 'liability' score; the observed outcome is determined by whether the latent score is smaller or larger than the threshold. The liability-threshold model is freq... | Threshold model | 0.798162 |
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