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88,600 | : 74 Through his studies of rectification and photo-effects on the semiconductor surfaces of cuprous oxide and silicon, Brattain discovered the photo-effect at the free surface of a semiconductor. This work was considered by the Nobel prize committee to be one of his chief contributions to solid state physics.At the ti... | Walter Houser Brattain | 0.798142 |
88,601 | He also believed that the geometry of physical space is conventional. He considered examples in which either the geometry of the physical fields or gradients of temperature can be changed, either describing a space as non-Euclidean measured by rigid rulers, or as a Euclidean space where the rulers are expanded or shrun... | Henri Poincaré | 0.798141 |
88,602 | Julia Wan-Ping Hsu is an American materials scientist. In her research, she uses scanning probe microscopy to study the nanostructure, optics, and photoelectric properties of thin films and crystal surfaces, with particular application to solar cells, and has used nanotransfer printing to make electrical connections to... | Julia Hsu | 0.798141 |
88,603 | Ocean Power Technologies (OPT) is a U.S. publicly owned renewable energy company, providing electric power and communications solutions, services and related for remote offshore applications. The company's PowerBuoy wave energy conversion technology is theoretically scalable to hundreds of megawatts and the generated e... | Ocean Power Technologies | 0.798141 |
88,604 | The related but distinct term "metalorganic compound" refers to metal-containing compounds lacking direct metal-carbon bonds but which contain organic ligands. Metal β-diketonates, alkoxides, dialkylamides, and metal phosphine complexes are representative members of this class. The field of organometallic chemistry com... | Organometalllic compound | 0.798141 |
88,605 | 1879: Principles of the Algebra of Logic from Internet Archive. 1885: Physical Arithmetic from Internet Archive. 1887: The Logical Form of Geometrical Theorems from Annals of Mathematics 3: 154,5. 1894: Papers on Space Analysis. | Alexander Macfarlane | 0.798141 |
88,606 | Mendeleev's nomenclature for unnamed and undiscovered elements would call unbinilium eka-radium. The 1979 IUPAC recommendations temporarily call it unbinilium (symbol Ubn) until it is discovered, the discovery is confirmed and a permanent name chosen. Although the IUPAC systematic names are widely used in the chemical ... | Element 120 | 0.798141 |
88,607 | MICCAI organizes an annual conference and associated workshops. Proceedings for this conference are published by Springer in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science series. General topics of the conference include medical image computing, computer-assisted intervention, guidance systems and robotics, visualization and vi... | Computer-assisted interventions | 0.79814 |
88,608 | An electronic effect influences the structure, reactivity, or properties of molecule but is neither a traditional bond nor a steric effect. In organic chemistry, the term stereoelectronic effect is also used to emphasize the relation between the electronic structure and the geometry (stereochemistry) of a molecule. | Stereoelectronic interaction | 0.79814 |
88,609 | It is built atop C as a DSL. ThinkLabs, an Indian Robotics education based startup has built it for iPitara Robotic kit. The language bears strong resemblance to the C language. | Educational programming language | 0.79814 |
88,610 | After a verification condition generator has created the verification conditions they are passed to an automated theorem prover, which can then formally prove the correctness of the code. Methods have been proposed to use the operational semantics of machine languages to automatically generate verification condition ge... | Verification condition generator | 0.79814 |
88,611 | In 2009, a randomized version of the Kaczmarz method for overdetermined linear systems was introduced by Thomas Strohmer and Roman Vershynin in which the i-th equation is selected randomly with probability proportional to ‖ a i ‖ 2 . {\displaystyle \|a_{i}\|^{2}.} This method can be seen as a particular case of stochas... | Kaczmarz method | 0.79814 |
88,612 | In the mid-20th century, work by H.P. Grice, Frank Cameron Jackson, and others attempted to maintain the material conditional as an analysis of indicatives' literal semantic denotation, while appealing to pragmatics in order to explain the apparent discrepancies.Contemporary work in philosophical logic and formal seman... | Indicative conditional | 0.798139 |
88,613 | ISBN 978-1-891389-78-8. Zettili, Nouredine (2009). Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications. | List of textbooks on classical mechanics and quantum mechanics | 0.798139 |
88,614 | H∞ (i.e. "H-infinity") methods are used in control theory to synthesize controllers to achieve stabilization with guaranteed performance. To use H∞ methods, a control designer expresses the control problem as a mathematical optimization problem and then finds the controller that solves this optimization. H∞ techniques ... | H infinity | 0.798139 |
88,615 | Recent studies suggest that tTG also plays a role in inflammation and tumor biology. tTG expression is elevated in multiple cancer cell types and is implicated in drug resistance and metastasis due to its ability to promote mesenchymal transition and stem cell like properties. In its GTP bound form, tTG contributes to ... | Tissue transglutaminase | 0.798139 |
88,616 | In chemistry, ion transport number, also called the transference number, is the fraction of the total electric current carried in an electrolyte by a given ionic species i: t i = I i I tot {\displaystyle t_{i}={\frac {I_{i}}{I_{\text{tot}}}}} Differences in transport number arise from differences in electrical mobility... | Ion transport number | 0.798139 |
88,617 | In organic chemistry, an acetal is a functional group with the connectivity R2C(OR')2. Here, the R groups can be organic fragments (a carbon atom, with arbitrary other atoms attached to that) or hydrogen, while the R' groups must be organic fragments not hydrogen. The two R' groups can be equivalent to each other (a "s... | Acetal | 0.798138 |
88,618 | Examples of time and frequency transfer techniques include: Simultaneous observation methods: Simultaneous carrier phase observation of GNSS signals (such as GPS) Time transfer by simultaneous observation of TV transmissions Time transfer by simultaneous observation of radio astronomy signals Two-way transfer methods: ... | Time dissemination | 0.798138 |
88,619 | The Energiewende (German for 'energy turnaround') (pronounced ) is the ongoing transition by Germany to a low carbon, environmentally sound, reliable, and affordable energy supply. The new system intends to rely heavily on renewable energy (particularly wind, photovoltaics, and hydroelectricity), energy efficiency, an... | Energiewende | 0.798138 |
88,620 | Further derivatives of APT were developed, initially mainly to allow the programs to run on minicomputers instead of mainframes. These included ADAPT from IBM; EXAPT from Germany; and UNIAPT, initially from United Computing, later used alongside the Unigraphics CADCAM systems. Machine tool manufacturer's systems utiliz... | APT programming language | 0.798138 |
88,621 | Molecular Cell is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers research on cell biology at the molecular level, with an emphasis on new mechanistic insights. It was established in 1997 and is published two times per month. Its 2021 impact factor is 19.328. Molecular Cell is a Cell Press journal (an imprint of Elsevie... | Molecular Cell | 0.798138 |
88,622 | Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York (1970). ISBN 978-0030812910 (hbk); 1982 Dover reprint; Dover Publications on Mathematics 2010. ISBN 978-0486640624 Advanced Calculus. | Avner Friedman | 0.798138 |
88,623 | Weight functions can be employed in both discrete and continuous settings. They can be used to construct systems of calculus called "weighted calculus" and "meta-calculus". | Glossary of aerospace engineering | 0.798137 |
88,624 | The theorem is further generalized by Carmichael's theorem. The theorem may be used to easily reduce large powers modulo n {\displaystyle n} . For example, consider finding the ones place decimal digit of 7 222 {\displaystyle 7^{222}} , i.e. 7 222 ( mod 10 ) {\displaystyle 7^{222}{\pmod {10}}} . | Euler's theorem | 0.798137 |
88,625 | One of the important structure results about Azumaya algebras is the Skolem-Noether theorem: given a local commutative ring R {\displaystyle R} and an Azumaya algebra R → A {\displaystyle R\to A} , the only automorphisms of A {\displaystyle A} are inner. Meaning, the following map is surjective: { A ∗ → Aut ( A ) a ↦ (... | Azumaya algebra | 0.798137 |
88,626 | The book is about this family of results, both on bounding the lengths of Davenport–Schinzel sequences and on their applications to discrete geometry.The first three chapters of the book provide bounds on the lengths of Davenport–Schinzel sequences whose superlinearity is described in terms of the inverse Ackermann fun... | Davenport–Schinzel Sequences and Their Geometric Applications | 0.798137 |
88,627 | The devices' resistance would be read with alternating current so that the stored value would not be affected. In May 2012, it was reported that the access time had been improved to 90 nanoseconds, which is nearly one hundred times faster than the contemporaneous Flash memory. At the same time, the energy consumption w... | Memristor | 0.798137 |
88,628 | Vector Analysis is a textbook by Edwin Bidwell Wilson, first published in 1901 and based on the lectures that Josiah Willard Gibbs had delivered on the subject at Yale University. The book did much to standardize the notation and vocabulary of three-dimensional linear algebra and vector calculus, as used by physicists ... | Vector Analysis | 0.798137 |
88,629 | Chia-Kun (John) Chu (Chinese: 朱家琨; pinyin: Zhū Jiākūn) was a Chinese-American applied mathematician who was the Fu Foundation Professor Emeritus of Applied Mathematics at Columbia University. He had been on Columbia faculty since 1965 and served as the department chairman of applied physics and nuclear engineering thre... | Chia-Kun Chu | 0.798136 |
88,630 | Blue skies research (also called blue sky science) is scientific research in domains where "real-world" applications are not immediately apparent. It has been defined as "research without a clear goal" and "curiosity-driven science". It is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "basic research". Proponents of thi... | Blue skies research | 0.798136 |
88,631 | Won the Nobel Physics Prize (in 1906) for this discovery.Zeeman, Pieter (1897) papers Zeeman, P. (1897). "On the influence of Magnetism on the Nature of the Light emitted by a Substance". | List of important publications in physics | 0.798136 |
88,632 | The Cayley–Dickson construction is due to Leonard Dickson in 1919 showing how the octonions can be constructed as a two-dimensional algebra over quaternions. In fact, starting with a field F, the construction yields a sequence of F-algebras of dimension 2n. For n = 2 it is an associative algebra called a quaternion alg... | Cayley–Dickson construction | 0.798136 |
88,633 | FDO – API (C++, .Net) between GIS application and sources; for manipulating, defining and analyzing geospatial data. GDAL/OGR – Library between GIS application and sources; for reading and writing raster geospatial data formats (GDAL) and simple features vector data (OGR). GeoTools – Open source GIS toolkit (Java); to ... | Open Source Geospatial Foundation | 0.798136 |
88,634 | In mathematics, the interplay between the Galois group G of a Galois extension L of a number field K, and the way the prime ideals P of the ring of integers OK factorise as products of prime ideals of OL, provides one of the richest parts of algebraic number theory. The splitting of prime ideals in Galois extensions is... | Decomposition group | 0.798136 |
88,635 | The constrained optimization leads to the Marshallian demand function: x ∗ ( p 1 , p 2 , I ) = ( α I ( α + β ) p 1 , β I ( α + β ) p 2 ) . {\displaystyle x^{*}(p_{1},p_{2},I)=\left({\frac {\alpha I}{(\alpha +\beta )p_{1}}},{\frac {\beta I}{(\alpha +\beta )p_{2}}}\right).} 2. | Marshallian demand function | 0.798135 |
88,636 | MPI-Marburg is scheduled to expand with a new Department for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), in collaboration with the Max Planck Society and the University of Marburg. The new department will serve as a research centre for SYNMIKRO with about 100 scientific positions expected to be made available. A grant of about ... | Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology | 0.798135 |
88,637 | Fraknoi, Andrew; Morrison, David; Wolff, Sidney (March 9, 2022). Astronomy. Houston, Texas: OpenStax and 12th Media Services. ISBN 9781680920383. | Andrew Fraknoi | 0.798134 |
88,638 | In geometry, the rectified tesseract, rectified 8-cell is a uniform 4-polytope (4-dimensional polytope) bounded by 24 cells: 8 cuboctahedra, and 16 tetrahedra. It has half the vertices of a runcinated tesseract, with its construction, called a runcic tesseract. It has two uniform constructions, as a rectified 8-cell r{... | Rectified tesseract | 0.798134 |
88,639 | Gebru won the competition, starting a series of collaborations with other entrepreneurs and investors.Both during her PhD program in 2016 and in 2018, Gebru returned to Ethiopia with Jelani Nelson's programming campaign AddisCoder.While working on her PhD, Gebru authored a paper that was never published about her conce... | Timnit Gebru | 0.798134 |
88,640 | These observations suggest that the amine region of the molecules plays an important role in the inhibitory activity.Favorable characteristics in an NS5A inhibitor include high potency and long plasma half-life in order to achieve a once-daily-dosage. Slightly asymmetrical appendages, as seen in ledipasvir, were found ... | Discovery and development of NS5A inhibitors | 0.798133 |
88,641 | In topology and related areas of mathematics, the set of all possible topologies on a given set forms a partially ordered set. This order relation can be used for comparison of the topologies. | Finest topology | 0.798133 |
88,642 | In quantum mechanics, given a particular Hamiltonian H {\displaystyle H} and an operator O {\displaystyle O} with corresponding eigenvalues and eigenvectors given by O | q j ⟩ = q j | q j ⟩ {\displaystyle O|q_{j}\rangle =q_{j}|q_{j}\rangle } , the q j {\displaystyle q_{j}} are said to be good quantum numbers if every e... | Good quantum number | 0.798133 |
88,643 | The algebraic stress model arises in computational fluid dynamics. Two main approaches can be undertaken. In the first, the transport of the turbulent stresses is assumed proportional to the turbulent kinetic energy; while in the second, convective and diffusive effects are assumed to be negligible. Algebraic stress mo... | Explicit algebraic stress model | 0.798133 |
88,644 | Variable-order Bayesian network (VOBN) models provide an important extension of both the Bayesian network models and the variable-order Markov models. VOBN models are used in machine learning in general and have shown great potential in bioinformatics applications. These models extend the widely used position weight ma... | Variable-order Bayesian network | 0.798133 |
88,645 | We refer to second-order cone programs as deterministic second-order cone programs since data defining them are deterministic. Stochastic second-order cone programs are a class of optimization problems that are defined to handle uncertainty in data defining deterministic second-order cone programs. | Second-order cone programming | 0.798133 |
88,646 | In condensed matter physics, a supersolid is a spatially ordered material with superfluid properties. In the case of helium-4, it has been conjectured since the 1960s that it might be possible to create a supersolid. Starting from 2017, a definitive proof for the existence of this state was provided by several experime... | Supersolid | 0.798133 |
88,647 | 1914–1922: 1st edition in 12 volumes, which can be viewed online (hosted by Internet Archive) 1928–1932: 2nd edition in 11 volumes 1951–1970: 3rd edition in 22 volumes, of which volume 2 is in two sub-volumes 1972–1984: 4th edition in 25 volumes, last edition in German language 1985–1996: 5th edition, in English only, ... | Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry | 0.798133 |
88,648 | Barnett's view was that his selected areas of information "....are all topics on which knowledge is not only desirable, but for a twentieth-century adult, necessary". He went on to point out some of the concepts underpinning human ecology towards the social problems facing his readers in the 1950s as well as the assert... | Cultural ecology | 0.798133 |
88,649 | The relational theory of space is a metaphysical theory according to which space is composed of relations between objects, with the implication that it cannot exist in the absence of matter. Its opposite is the container theory. A relativistic physical theory implies a relational metaphysics, but not the other way roun... | Relational space | 0.798133 |
88,650 | Janet McDonald (1905–2006) was an American mathematician who specialized in geometry, specifically the concept of Conjugate Nets. She taught at Vassar College for 27 years and was named professor emerita in 1971. | Janet McDonald (mathematician) | 0.798132 |
88,651 | Each year, the US Department of Energy Office of Science reviews and grades the national laboratories in its portfolio on eight performance metrics. Fermilab has received the lowest grades among the national laboratories in FY2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022. A rare C grade was assigned for project management in 2021, reflect... | Main Injector | 0.798132 |
88,652 | ChemistryAl-Jawbari describes the preparation of rose water in the work "Book of Selected Disclosure of Secrets" (Kitab kashf al-Asrar). Materials; glassmaking: Arabic manuscript on the manufacture of false gemstones and diamonds. Also describes spirits of alum, spirits of saltpetre and spirits of salts (hydrochloric a... | Timeline of science and engineering in the Muslim world | 0.798132 |
88,653 | Received Nobel Prize in Medicine (1947). Gunnar Myrdal received Nobel Prize in Economics Sciences (1974), Alva Myrdal received Nobel Peace Prize (1982). May-Britt Moser, Edvard I. Moser. Received Nobel Prize in Medicine (2014) Esther Duflo, Abhijit Banerjee (along with Michael Kremer). Received Nobel Prize in Economics... | Nobel Prize | 0.798132 |
88,654 | Another significant feature of Figure 2 is the distinct colour change between surface sediments and those deeper. This gradient of colour change, though continuous, is known as the apparent redox potential discontinuity depth (ARPD) when reduced to an average transition point. When properly considered in conjunction wi... | Sediment Profile Imagery | 0.798131 |
88,655 | He developed formulas for calculating the surface area and volume of solids of revolution and used the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under the arc of a parabola with the summation of an infinite series, in a manner not too dissimilar from modern calculus. Other notable achievements of Greek mathematics are... | Mathematical discipline | 0.798131 |
88,656 | On the Allied side the Russian chemist Chaim Weizmann used starch to eliminate Britain's shortage of acetone, a key raw material for cordite, by fermenting maize to acetone. The industrial potential of fermentation was outgrowing its traditional home in brewing, and "zymotechnology" soon gave way to "biotechnology." | History of biotechnology | 0.798131 |
88,657 | As quoted from this source in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Exp... | Thermal expansion coefficients of the elements (data page) | 0.798131 |
88,658 | This undeflected protonium, if formed, would be allowed to traverse a meter of high vacuum, within which it is expected to decay via annihilation of the proton and antiproton. The decay products would give unmistakable signatures of the formation of protonium. Theoretical studies of protonium have mainly used non-relat... | Protonium | 0.79813 |
88,659 | There is some evidence that the Moon has a tenuous layer of moving dust particles constantly leaping up from and falling back to the Moon's surface, giving rise to a "dust atmosphere" that looks static but is composed of dust particles in constant motion. The term "Moon fountain" has been used to describe this effect b... | Lunar regolith | 0.79813 |
88,660 | The orbiting body's path around the barycenter and its path relative to its primary are both ellipses. The semi-major axis is sometimes used in astronomy as the primary-to-secondary distance when the mass ratio of the primary to the secondary is significantly large ( M ≫ m {\displaystyle M\gg m} ); thus, the orbital pa... | Semimajor axes | 0.798129 |
88,661 | As discussed above, an extensive form of entropy is recovered if we divide the volume of phase space, Ω E , ℓ {\displaystyle \Omega _{E,\ell }} , by n!. An alternative approach is to argue that the dependence on particle number cannot be trusted on the grounds that changing n {\displaystyle n} also changes the dimensio... | Mixing paradox | 0.798129 |
88,662 | Young, L. C. (1936), "An inequality of the Hölder type, connected with Stieltjes integration", Acta Mathematica, 67 (1): 251–282, doi:10.1007/bf02401743, JFM 62.0250.02, Zbl 0016.10404. Young, L. C. (1937), "Generalized curves and the existence of an attained absolute minimum in the Calculus of Variations", Comptes Ren... | Laurence Chisholm Young | 0.798129 |
88,663 | In geology oblique foliation, steady state foliation or oblique fabric is a special type of a tectonically produced foliation or fabric, most commonly in quartz-rich layers. The microtectonic structure can be used to determine the shear sense in shear zones and their associated rocks, usually mylonites. | Oblique foliation | 0.798128 |
88,664 | In mathematics, specifically differential and algebraic topology, during the mid 1950's John Milnorpg 14 was trying to understand the structure of ( n − 1 ) {\displaystyle (n-1)} -connected manifolds of dimension 2 n {\displaystyle 2n} (since n {\displaystyle n} -connected 2 n {\displaystyle 2n} -manifolds are homeomor... | Milnor's sphere | 0.798128 |
88,665 | According to Bostrom, an AI that has an expert level at certain key software engineering tasks could become a superintelligence due to its capability to recursively improve its own algorithms, even if it is initially limited in other domains not directly relevant to engineering. This suggests that an intelligence explo... | Existential risk from artificial general intelligence | 0.798128 |
88,666 | Derek Gordon Corneil is a Canadian mathematician and computer scientist, a professor emeritus of computer science at the University of Toronto, and an expert in graph algorithms and graph theory. | Derek Corneil | 0.798127 |
88,667 | The Masters and Johnson Institute (1964–1994) was the clinical and research foundation of sexologist duo Masters and Johnson. Located in Saint Louis, Missouri, the institute was established to study human sexuality with particular emphasis on the anatomy and physiology of human sexual response and the diagnosis and tre... | Masters and Johnson Institute | 0.798127 |
88,668 | Incident light rays onto a textured surface do not reflect back out to the air as opposed to rays onto a flat surface. Rather some light rays are bounced back onto the other surface again due to the geometry of the surface. This process significantly improves light to electricity conversion efficiency, due to increased... | Photoelectric cells | 0.798127 |
88,669 | In number theory, a multiplicative partition or unordered factorization of an integer n {\displaystyle n} is a way of writing n {\displaystyle n} as a product of integers greater than 1, treating two products as equivalent if they differ only in the ordering of the factors. The number n {\displaystyle n} is itself cons... | Multiplicative partition | 0.798127 |
88,670 | {\displaystyle R\leq 2B\log _{2}(M).} Hartley did not work out exactly how the number M should depend on the noise statistics of the channel, or how the communication could be made reliable even when individual symbol pulses could not be reliably distinguished to M levels; with Gaussian noise statistics, system designe... | Shannon-Hartley Theorem | 0.798127 |
88,671 | This caused a small object in the instrument's field of view to produce differing signals in the two photocells, while a large object affected both light paths equally. The difference between the two signals was amplified and used to raise an alarm. At the beginning of World War II, the device was adapted for use in pr... | Petoscope | 0.798127 |
88,672 | Approximately 1,000 – 30,000 volts per centimeter is required to induce St. Elmo's Fire; however, this is dependent on the geometry of the object in question. | Atmospheric electrical | 0.798126 |
88,673 | The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87142-6. | Eliezer Yudkowsky | 0.798126 |
88,674 | Land use/cover (geology) Hypsography (elevation model) Dams | Common Operational Datasets | 0.798126 |
88,675 | Eric R. Scerri (born August 30, 1953, son of Edward and Ines Scerri) is a chemist, writer and philosopher of science of Maltese origin. He is a lecturer at the University of California, Los Angeles; and the founder and editor-in-chief of Foundations of Chemistry, an international peer reviewed journal covering the hist... | Eric Scerri | 0.798126 |
88,676 | Statistics is the mathematical science involving the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. A number of specialties have evolved to apply statistical and methods to various disciplines. Certain topics have "statistical" in their name but relate to manipulations of probability distributions rather than to stat... | List of fields of application of statistics | 0.798126 |
88,677 | In heavy-duty industrial high-current applications, a grid resistor is a large convection-cooled lattice of stamped metal alloy strips connected in rows between two electrodes. Such industrial grade resistors can be as large as a refrigerator; some designs can handle over 500 amperes of current, with a range of resista... | Resistors in parallel | 0.798126 |
88,678 | Spectral sequence of a differential filtered group: described in this article. Spectral sequence of a double complex: described in this article. Spectral sequence of an exact couple: described in this article. Universal coefficient spectral sequence van Est spectral sequence converging to relative Lie algebra cohomolog... | Derived couple | 0.798126 |
88,679 | Ptolemy's table of chords gives the lengths of chords of a circle of diameter 120 as a function of the number of degrees n in the corresponding arc of the circle, for n ranging from 1/2 to 180 by increments of 1/2. The thirteen books of the Almagest are the most influential and significant trigonometric work of all ant... | History of trigonometry | 0.798126 |
88,680 | The WSB for Mars is studied in "Earth-Mars Transfers with Ballistic Capture" and ballistic capture transfers to Mars are computed. The BepiColombo mission of ESA will achieve ballistic capture at the WSB of Mercury in 2025. The WSB region can be used in the field of Astrophysics. | Weak Stability Boundary | 0.798126 |
88,681 | In practice, the LJ heuristic has been recommended for functions that need be neither convex nor differentiable nor locally Lipschitz: The LJ heuristic does not use a gradient or subgradient when one be available, which allows its application to non-differentiable and non-convex problems. Proposed by Luus and Jaakola, ... | Local unimodal sampling | 0.798126 |
88,682 | The console interface is simple and requires learning the basic algebra notation to start. All input and output is line-at-a-time ASCII text. By default, input is standard input and output is standard output. | Mathomatic | 0.798125 |
88,683 | Another laboratory accident occurred at the Scientific-Production Association "Vektor" (today the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "Vektor") in Koltsovo, USSR, when a scientist contracted MARV by unknown means. | Marburg virus disease | 0.798125 |
88,684 | As a linear subspace of F q n {\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{q}^{n}} , the entire code C (which may be very large) may be represented as the span of a set of k {\displaystyle k} codewords (known as a basis in linear algebra). These basis codewords are often collated in the rows of a matrix G known as a generating matrix ... | Non-linear code | 0.798125 |
88,685 | On the other hand, germs of smooth functions can distinguish between the constant function with value one and the function 1 + e − 1 / x 2 {\displaystyle 1+e^{-1/x^{2}}} , because the latter function is not identically one on any neighborhood of the origin. This example shows that germs contain more information than th... | Stalk (sheaf) | 0.798125 |
88,686 | Stewart Coffin has used this geometry in the creation of complex non-rectilinear wooden puzzles. In art, hexastix is used by artist Anduriel Widmark to create complex glass knots. Hexastix is also seen in the sculpture titled “72 Pencils”, made by math artist George W. Hart. | Hexastix | 0.798125 |
88,687 | In the last twenty years, the HAM has been applied to solve a growing number of nonlinear ordinary/partial differential equations in science, finance, and engineering. For example, multiple steady-state resonant waves in deep and finite water depth were found with the wave resonance criterion of arbitrary number of tra... | Homotopy analysis method | 0.798125 |
88,688 | In computer science, augmented Backus–Naur form (ABNF) is a metalanguage based on Backus–Naur form (BNF), but consisting of its own syntax and derivation rules. The motive principle for ABNF is to describe a formal system of a language to be used as a bidirectional communications protocol. It is defined by Internet Sta... | Augmented Backus–Naur form | 0.798125 |
88,689 | When considering a rating structure for satellite insurance coverage, during the early days many insurers based their rating according to the launch vehicle. For example, if the launch vehicle being used had a one in ten failure rate, the insurance premium would be ten per cent of the gross cost. Today, insurers use st... | Satellite insurance | 0.798125 |
88,690 | They found that on average, psychology studies have between 33.1% and 36.4% statistical power. These values are quite low compared to the 80% considered adequate statistical power for an experiment. Across the 200 meta-analyses, the median of studies with adequate statistical power was between 7.7% and 9.1%.In a study ... | Replication crisis | 0.798124 |
88,691 | Detection theory was used in 1966 by John A. Swets and David M. Green for psychophysics. Green and Swets criticized the traditional methods of psychophysics for their inability to discriminate between the real sensitivity of subjects and their (potential) response biases.Detection theory has applications in many fields... | Detection theory | 0.798124 |
88,692 | Topics covered in the 2011 preconference workshops included a bootcamp on Event-related potential Methodologies, Genetic Approaches to the Biology of Complex Traits, and Fundamentals of Pupillary Measures and Eye tracking. Recent meetings have been held in Portland, OR, Berlin, Germany, Vancouver, British Columbia, New... | Society for Psychophysiological Research | 0.798124 |
88,693 | SLinCA@Home (Scaling Laws in Cluster Aggregation) was a research project that uses Internet-connected computers to do research in fields such as physics and materials science. | SLinCA@Home | 0.798124 |
88,694 | Color Developing Agent 1 (CD-1) is the first in the series of color developing agents used in developing color films. It is the organic compound N,N-diethyl-1,4-benzenediamine (DPD), which is usually in the form of the monohydrochloride salt. In color development, after reducing a silver atom in a silver halide crystal... | Color Developing Agent 1 | 0.798124 |
88,695 | They used data from two noise and hearing study databases, one presented by Burns and Robinson (Hearing and Noise in Industry, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1970) and by Passchier-Vermeer (1968). As race are some of the factors that can affect the expected distribution of pure-tone hearing thresholds several... | Hearing deficits | 0.798124 |
88,696 | Although he officially retired in 1982, he still went to the office five days a week to work, even as he passed the age of 100. Along with George Thomas and John Selfridge, Guy taught at Canada/USA Mathcamp during its early years.In 1991 the University of Calgary awarded him an honorary doctorate. Guy said that they ga... | Richard K. Guy | 0.798124 |
88,697 | Note that e 1 = e N M {\displaystyle e_{1}=e_{N}^{M}} and i d = e M M {\displaystyle id=e_{M}^{M}} are biprojections; this can be seen as follows: A projection b {\displaystyle b} is a biprojection iff it is the Jones projection e K M {\displaystyle e_{K}^{M}} of an intermediate subfactor N ⊂ K ⊂ M {\displaystyle N\sub... | Planar algebra | 0.798124 |
88,698 | Thirty-seven universities in all federal districts are training specialists for geological exploration (applied geology, geological exploration). Among the universities that train specialists for the mineral resource sector, 7 are federal universities, and 13 are national research universities of Russia. Personnel trai... | Mineral engineering | 0.798123 |
88,699 | Thomas Studer (born April 4, 1972), is Professor at the Computer Science Institute at the University of Bern. He is a specialist in logic and theoretical computer science. He has a degree in mathematics, computer science, and philosophy from the University of Bern; he earned his PhD in 2011. He was the senior software ... | Thomas Studer | 0.798123 |
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