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88,700 | The songs were old Belgian and French flute minuets, from which the chip learned the rules at play and then applied them.The Blue Brain Project, led by Henry Markram, aims to build biologically detailed digital reconstructions and simulations of the mouse brain. The Blue Brain Project has created in silico models of ro... | Neuromorphic computing | 0.798123 |
88,701 | Seemingly solid surfaces can liquefy under the pressure of the land cruisers, even as individual Mesklinites can walk on them in complete safety. The novel posits that full disclosure is best in a situation where unpredictable changes can occur. Ib Hoffman relates the story of how his son Benj, at the age of thirteen, ... | Star Light | 0.798123 |
88,702 | Spontaneous transitions were not explainable within the framework of the Schrödinger equation, in which the electronic energy levels were quantized, but the electromagnetic field was not. Given that the eigenstates of an atom are properly diagonalized, the overlap of the wavefunctions between the excited state and the ... | Spontaneous emission | 0.798123 |
88,703 | In contrast to Perl's "there is more than one way to do it" motto, Python embraces a "there should be one—and preferably only one—obvious way to do it" philosophy. Alex Martelli, a Fellow at the Python Software Foundation and Python book author, wrote: "To describe something as 'clever' is not considered a compliment i... | Python programming | 0.798122 |
88,704 | In the fields of computer vision and image analysis, the scale-invariant feature operator (or SFOP) is an algorithm to detect local features in images. The algorithm was published by Förstner et al. in 2009. | Scale-invariant feature operator | 0.798122 |
88,705 | Ulrich Görtz (1973) is a German mathematician specialising in arithmetic geometry. | Ulrich Görtz | 0.798122 |
88,706 | In some businesses, pricing decisions are supported using forecasting and optimization methods executed on an as needed basis using general purpose analytic tools. In this setting, when periodic, or ad hoc decisions are made, analysis of historical transaction data sets is performed. This approach is often seen in larg... | Pricing science | 0.798122 |
88,707 | Danino graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles with Bachelor of Science degrees in physics, mathematics and chemistry. He received a Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy in bioengineering from the University of California, San Diego, and completed postdoctoral training at the Massachusetts Instit... | Tal Danino | 0.798122 |
88,708 | The neutrino minimal standard model (often abbreviated as νMSM) is an extension of the Standard Model of particle physics, by the addition of three right-handed neutrinos with masses smaller than the electroweak scale. Introduced by Takehiko Asaka and Mikhail Shaposhnikov in 2005, it has provided a highly constrained m... | Neutrino minimal standard model | 0.798122 |
88,709 | Interest in "Plenty of Room" in the scientific literature greatly increased in the early 1990s. This is probably because the term "nanotechnology" gained serious attention just before that time, following its use by Drexler in his 1986 book, Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology, which cited Feynman, an... | There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom | 0.798122 |
88,710 | Thomas Ebbesen obtained his bachelor's degree from Oberlin College, and a PhD from Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris in the field of photo-physical chemistry. He then worked at the Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory before joining the NEC Fundamental Research Laboratories in Japan in 1988 where his research shift... | Thomas Ebbesen | 0.798121 |
88,711 | In plane Euclidean geometry, a rhombus (PL: rhombi or rhombuses) is a quadrilateral whose four sides all have the same length. Another name is equilateral quadrilateral, since equilateral means that all of its sides are equal in length. The rhombus is often called a "diamond", after the diamonds suit in playing cards w... | Rhombus | 0.798121 |
88,712 | Thus it's possible to make one's own geographical data appear as a new "layer" on one's computer's copy of a mirror world.Mirror worlds can be created via spatial computing with prime meridian as a foundation. And flatscreen XR, multisensory extended reality, simulated reality, and super cinema are terms to describe th... | Mirror world | 0.798121 |
88,713 | He accomplished this by introducing several models of non-Euclidean geometry that are now known as the Beltrami–Klein model, the Poincaré disk model, and the Poincaré half-plane model, together with transformations that relate them. For the half-plane model, Beltrami cited a note by Joseph Liouville in the treatise of ... | Eugenio Beltrami | 0.79812 |
88,714 | In chemistry, the capped trigonal prismatic molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where seven atoms or groups of atoms or ligands are arranged around a central atom defining the vertices of an augmented triangular prism. This shape has C2v symmetry and is one of the three common shapes for heptacoordinate... | Capped trigonal prismatic molecular geometry | 0.79812 |
88,715 | In 1953 he published a joint paper with Kurt Mahler on pseudo-valuations and in 1954 he published a work on Lie algebras.Papers over the next few years covered areas such as group theory, field theory, Lie rings, semigroups, Abelian groups and ring theory. He published his first book, Lie groups, in 1957. After that, h... | Paul Cohn | 0.79812 |
88,716 | Circular layouts are a good fit for communications network topologies such as star or ring networks, and for the cyclic parts of metabolic networks. For graphs with a known Hamiltonian cycle, a circular layout allows the cycle to be depicted as the circle, and in this way circular layouts form the basis of the LCF nota... | Circular layout | 0.79812 |
88,717 | Their notion of a "complete description" was later formalised by the suggestion of hidden variables that determine the statistics of measurement results, but to which an observer does not have access. Bohmian mechanics provides such a completion of quantum mechanics, with the introduction of hidden variables; however t... | Quantum non-locality | 0.798119 |
88,718 | In A Treatise on Universal Algebra (1898), the term universal algebra had essentially the same meaning that it has today: the study of algebraic structures themselves, rather than examples ("models") of algebraic structures. Whitehead credits William Rowan Hamilton and Augustus De Morgan as originators of the subject m... | Alfred North Whitehead | 0.798119 |
88,719 | An approach to extrapolate existing observations to possible cognitive changes, performance degradation, or late CNS effects in astronauts has not been discovered. New approaches in systems biology offer an exciting tool to tackle this challenge. Recently, eight gaps were identified for projecting CNS risks. | Central nervous system effects from radiation exposure during spaceflight | 0.798119 |
88,720 | In 1921, Needham graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. In January 1925, Needham earned an MA. In October 1925, Needham earned a PhD. He had intended to study medicine, but came under the influence of Frederick Hopkins, resulting in his switch to biochemistry. | Joseph Needham | 0.798119 |
88,721 | While his critiques of the mathematical practices were sound, his essay has been criticized on logical and philosophical grounds. For example, David Sherry argues that Berkeley's criticism of infinitesimal calculus consists of a logical criticism and a metaphysical criticism. The logical criticism is that of a fallacia... | The Analyst | 0.798119 |
88,722 | The internal combustion engine is the most common engine found in mechanical devices across the world. The engine is powered by an air/gasoline mixture and the physics principles of heat and pressure. | Inertial supercharging effect | 0.798119 |
88,723 | By suddenly reducing the pressure in the device, the liquid could be placed into a temporary superheated state, which would boil along the disturbed track of a particle passing through. Glaser was able to maintain the superheated state for a few seconds before spontaneous boiling took place. The Alvarez team built cham... | Luis Walter Alvarez | 0.798119 |
88,724 | The Nutritious Rice for the World project is carried out by Ram Samudrala's Computational Biology Research Group at the University of Washington. The project was launched on May 12, 2008, and completed on April 6, 2010. The purpose of this project is to predict the structure of proteins of major strains of rice, in ord... | World Community Grid | 0.798118 |
88,725 | The overlap matrix is a square matrix, used in quantum chemistry to describe the inter-relationship of a set of basis vectors of a quantum system, such as an atomic orbital basis set used in molecular electronic structure calculations. In particular, if the vectors are orthogonal to one another, the overlap matrix will... | Overlap matrix | 0.798118 |
88,726 | Finally, in 1740, Thomas Simpson described Newton's method as an iterative method for solving general nonlinear equations using calculus, essentially giving the description above. In the same publication, Simpson also gives the generalization to systems of two equations and notes that Newton's method can be used for so... | Newton–Raphson iteration | 0.798118 |
88,727 | During the days following delivery the rest of the house can be assembled by members of the community. Pre-installed adjustable solar panels provide renewable energy quickly, and prefabricated modular decks, planters, and canopies ease installation of all exterior elements of the home.The 2011 competition team was led ... | Illinois Solar Decathlon | 0.798118 |
88,728 | In mathematics, the flatness (symbol: ⏥) of a surface is the degree to which it approximates a mathematical plane. The term is often generalized for higher-dimensional manifolds to describe the degree to which they approximate the Euclidean space of the same dimensionality. (See curvature. )Flatness in homological alge... | Flatness (mathematics) | 0.798118 |
88,729 | One such law of genetic inheritance is the law of segregation, which states that diploid individuals with two alleles for a particular gene will pass one of these alleles to their offspring. Because of his critical work, the study of genetic inheritance is commonly referred to as Mendelian genetics.A major milestone in... | Biochemical genetics | 0.798117 |
88,730 | Another key lean step is to develop value stream maps of the overall release process. This should avoid the error of working on point solutions that only end up moving a bottleneck to another process and therefore do not deliver overall improvements. For example, there is no real value in reducing analytical laboratory... | Lean laboratory | 0.798117 |
88,731 | Nicholas Hugh Bingham (born 19 March 1945 in York) is a British mathematician working in the field of probability theory, stochastic analysis and analysis more generally. | Nicholas Bingham | 0.798117 |
88,732 | She received a bachelor's degree (1938) and a master's degree (1940) in mathematics at the University of Washington, and a Ph.D. (1948) in physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She taught physics at DePaul University in Chicago for thirty years, retiring in 1987 to return to Washington. Prior to her tim... | Mary L. Boas | 0.798117 |
88,733 | A texon (or texton) is a set of pixels that has certain characteristics and is repeated in an image. Steps:Determine a good natural scale for the texture elements. Compute non-parametric statistics of the model-interior texons, either on intensity or on Gabor filter responses.Examples: Deformable-model based Textured O... | Graph cut segmentation | 0.798117 |
88,734 | From the point of view of the core protocol, the window manager is a client, not different from the other applications. Data about a window can be obtained by running the xwininfo program. Passing it the -tree command-line argument, this program shows the tree of subwindows of a window, along with their identifiers and... | X Window core protocol | 0.798117 |
88,735 | The high level pipeline of OpenVINO consists of two parts: generate IR (Intermediate Representation) files via Model Optimizer using your trained model or public one and execute inference on Inference Engine on specified plugins (CPU, Intel Processor Graphics, VPU, GNA, Multi-Device plugin, Heterogeneous plugin)The too... | OpenVINO | 0.798116 |
88,736 | Owl Scientific Computing is a software system for scientific and engineering computing developed in the Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge. The System Research Group (SRG) in the department recognises Owl as one of the representative systems developed in SRG in the 2010s. The source ... | Owl Scientific Computing | 0.798116 |
88,737 | The American Academy of Environmental Engineers board certifies licensed environmental engineers (Board Certified Environmental Engineer—BCEE) and unlicensed environmental engineering practitioners (Board Certified Environmental Engineering Member—BCEEM) for those with a degree in engineering and at least 8 years of pr... | Certification exam | 0.798116 |
88,738 | In chemistry, the Natta projection (named for Italian chemist Giulio Natta) is a way to depict molecules with complete stereochemistry in two dimensions in a skeletal formula. In a hydrocarbon molecule with all carbon atoms making up the backbone in a tetrahedral molecular geometry, the zigzag backbone is in the paper ... | Natta projection | 0.798115 |
88,739 | In statistical mechanics, universality is the observation that there are properties for a large class of systems that are independent of the dynamical details of the system. Systems display universality in a scaling limit, when a large number of interacting parts come together. The modern meaning of the term was introd... | Universality (dynamical systems) | 0.798115 |
88,740 | G4 – G5 – GEM – General Algebraic Modeling System – Genie – GNU – GNU Bison – Gnutella – Graphical user interface – Graphics Device Interface – Greibach normal form – G.hn | Index of computing articles | 0.798115 |
88,741 | Some animal phyla have gone through major brain enlargement through evolution (e.g. vertebrates and cephalopods both contain many lineages in which brains have grown through evolution) but most animal groups are composed only of species with extremely small brains. Some scientists argue that this difference is due to v... | Evolution of the brain | 0.798115 |
88,742 | In geometry, the hebesphenomegacorona is one of the Johnson solids (J89). It is one of the elementary Johnson solids that do not arise from "cut and paste" manipulations of the Platonic and Archimedean solids. It has 21 faces, 18 triangles and 3 squares, 33 edges, and 14 vertices. A Johnson solid is one of 92 strictly ... | Hebesphenomegacorona | 0.798115 |
88,743 | In geometry, an icosidodecahedral prism is a convex uniform polychoron (four-dimensional polytope). It is one of 18 convex uniform polyhedral prisms created by using uniform prisms to connect pairs of parallel Platonic solids or Archimedean solids. | Icosidodecahedral prism | 0.798114 |
88,744 | Several efficient techniques are available to detect the presence of distonic ions; the most appropriate method will depend on the ion's internal energy and lifespan. Collisions between ions and uncharged molecules allow one to detect the location of the radical and charge site in order to confirm that the ion is not j... | Distonic ion | 0.798114 |
88,745 | The Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) is a radio telescope operating at 843 MHz. It is operated by the School of Physics of the University of Sydney. The telescope is located in Hoskinstown, near the Molonglo River and Canberra, and was constructed by modification of the east–west arm of the former Molong... | Molonglo Cross Telescope | 0.798114 |
88,746 | Kitâb al-kusuf ("Book of Solar Eclipses") Kitāb an-nabāt yufadiluh al-‘ulamā' fī ta’līfih (كتاب النبات يفضله العلماء في تأليفه), ‘Plants, valued by scholars for its composition' Kitāb Al-Anwā (كتاب الانواء) 'Tempest' (weather) Kitāb Al-qiblah wa'z-zawāl (كتاب القبلة والزوال) "Book of Astral Orientations" Kitāb ḥisāb ad... | Abu Hanifa Dinawari | 0.798113 |
88,747 | One such approach is cryogenic superconducting computing, which seeks to use superconductors such as niobium rather than semiconductors to reduce the energy consumption of future exascale supercomputers.Several programs at IARPA focus on quantum computing and neuroscience. IARPA is a major funder of quantum computing r... | Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity | 0.798113 |
88,748 | The nullity of a graph in the mathematical subject of graph theory can mean either of two unrelated numbers. If the graph has n vertices and m edges, then: In the matrix theory of graphs, the nullity of the graph is the nullity of the adjacency matrix A of the graph. The nullity of A is given by n − r where r is the ra... | Nullity (graph theory) | 0.798113 |
88,749 | In molecular biology, snoRNA U25 (also known as SNORD25) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a s... | Small nucleolar RNA SNORD25 | 0.798112 |
88,750 | Kaplansky made major contributions to group theory, ring theory, the theory of operator algebras and field theory and created the Kaplansky density theorem, Kaplansky's game and Kaplansky conjecture. He published more than 150 articles and 11 mathematical books.Kaplansky was the doctoral supervisor of 55 students inclu... | Irving Kaplansky | 0.798112 |
88,751 | Statistical Physics (2nd ed.). Chichester·New York·Brisbane·Toronto·Singapore: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0471915331. | First law of thermodynamics | 0.798112 |
88,752 | Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter at the atomic scale to create materials, devices, or systems with new properties or functions, with potential applications in energy, healthcare, industry, communications, agriculture, consumer products, and other sectors. Nanomaterials have at least one primary dimension of... | Health and safety hazards of nanomaterials | 0.798112 |
88,753 | Chapter 2 gives a brief account of the mathematical discoveries of Kerala mathematicians which anticipate many modern day discoveries in mathematics and astronomy. Among other topics, Sarma specifically mentions the following: Tycho Brahe's reduction to the ecliptic, Newton-Gauss interpolation formula, Taylor series fo... | A History of the Kerala School of Hindu Astronomy | 0.798112 |
88,754 | Rader attended Carleton University from 1999 until 2005, receiving bachelor's and master's degrees in aerospace engineering there. He spent the following four years studying aeronautics and astronautics engineering at MIT, specializing in long-duration spaceflight, and receiving his Ph.D. in 2009. | Andrew Rader | 0.798112 |
88,755 | To achieve high-resolution in electron microscopes and other electron beam instruments (such as those used for electron beam lithography), it is helpful to start with an electron source that is small, optically bright and stable. Sources based on the geometry of a Mueller emitter qualify well on the first two criteria.... | Field electron emission | 0.798111 |
88,756 | Smoking is by far the leading risk factor for lung cancer. Cigarette smoke contains more than 6,000 components, many of which lead to DNA damage (see table of tobacco-related DNA damages in Tobacco smoking). Other causes include radon, exposure to secondhand smoke, exposure to substances such as asbestos, chromium, nic... | Non small cell lung carcinoma | 0.798111 |
88,757 | Definition: A set of n linearly independent generalized eigenvectors is a canonical basis if it is composed entirely of Jordan chains. Thus, once we have determined that a generalized eigenvector of rank m is in a canonical basis, it follows that the m − 1 vectors x m − 1 , x m − 2 , … , x 1 {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} ... | Jordan chain | 0.79811 |
88,758 | When the field is not algebraically closed, the case where the endomorphism ring is as small as possible is still of particular interest. A simple module over a k {\displaystyle k} -algebra is said to be absolutely simple if its endomorphism ring is isomorphic to k {\displaystyle k} . This is in general stronger than b... | Schur lemma | 0.79811 |
88,759 | In physics, an elastic collision is an encounter (collision) between two bodies in which the total kinetic energy of the two bodies remains the same. In an ideal, perfectly elastic collision, there is no net conversion of kinetic energy into other forms such as heat, noise, or potential energy. During the collision of ... | Elastic interaction | 0.79811 |
88,760 | When these wheels were driven in opposite directions, the robot turned. The ~ $30,000 cost of the LAGR vehicle meant that a fleet could be built and distributed to a number of teams expanding on the field of researchers who had traditionally participated in DARPA robotics programs. | DARPA LAGR Program | 0.79811 |
88,761 | The oscilloscope is designed to accept voltages up to 660Vrms and has a maximum sensitivity of 100 mV/div whilst being able to view voltages at 200 V/div i.e. ± 1000V. The other aspect of the instrument which makes it particularly suitable for power electrical engineering is that it can measure and display phase angles... | BWD Electronics | 0.798109 |
88,762 | The Feit–Thompson proof of the odd-order theorem uses "tamely embedded subsets" and an isometry from class functions with support on a tamely embedded subset. If K1 is a tamely embedded subset, then the subset K consisting of K1 without the identity element 1 satisfies the conditions above, and in this case the isometr... | Dade isometry | 0.798109 |
88,763 | Point mass (pointlike mass) is the concept, for example in classical physics, of a physical object (typically matter) that has nonzero mass, and yet explicitly and specifically is (or is being thought of or modeled as) infinitesimal (infinitely small) in its volume or linear dimensions. In the theory of gravity, extend... | Point mass | 0.798109 |
88,764 | Some of these materials have somewhat rare elements which make them expensive.Today, the thermal conductivity of semiconductors can be lowered without affecting their high electrical properties using nanotechnology. This can be achieved by creating nanoscale features such as particles, wires or interfaces in bulk semic... | Thermoelectric generator | 0.798108 |
88,765 | He was placed on a six-year curriculum here to prepare him for University. He continued his curriculum through 1924, even through his study of engineering and physics in other schools, though it was limited to mathematics and languages after the first three years. After these first three years at the Gymnasium, at age ... | Felix Bloch | 0.798108 |
88,766 | Another important example is neural fields, which are the continuum limit of neural networks where average firing rates evolve based on integro-differential equations. Such models demonstrate spatiotemporal pattern formation, localized states and travelling waves. They have been used as models for cortical memory state... | Continuous spatial automaton | 0.798108 |
88,767 | Another common class of metrics is to take the ratio of the income of two different groups, generally "higher over lower". This compares two parts of the income distribution, rather than the distribution as a whole; equality between these parts corresponds to 1:1, while the more unequal the parts, the greater the ratio... | Income inequality metrics | 0.798108 |
88,768 | These are related to disciplines such as those from the humanities (e.g., literature), and the creative arts such as painting and music (e.g., popular and classical varieties). Creative knowledge workers also require technical-related knowledge such as mathematics and computer sciences (e.g., software engineering) and ... | Knowledge worker | 0.798107 |
88,769 | For detection systems that record discrete events, such as particle and nuclear detectors, the dead time is the time after each event during which the system is not able to record another event. An everyday life example of this is what happens when someone takes a photo using a flash - another picture cannot be taken i... | Dead time | 0.798107 |
88,770 | Robert Coleman Richardson (June 26, 1937 – February 19, 2013) was an American experimental physicist whose area of research included sub-millikelvin temperature studies of helium-3. Richardson, along with David Lee, as senior researchers, and then graduate student Douglas Osheroff, shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Physic... | Robert Coleman Richardson | 0.798107 |
88,771 | In differential geometry, the spherical image of a unit-speed curve is given by taking the curve's tangent vectors as points, all of which must lie on the unit sphere. The movement of the spherical image describes the changes in the original curve's direction If α {\displaystyle \alpha } is a unit-speed curve, that is ... | Spherical image | 0.798107 |
88,772 | In molecular biology, U8 small nucleolar RNA (also known as SNORD118) is the RNA component of a small RNA:protein complex (the U8 snoRNP) which is required for biogenesis of mature large subunit ribosomal RNAs, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs.More specifically, U8 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modifica... | U8 small nucleolar RNA | 0.798106 |
88,773 | Fundamentally, the Schrödinger's cat experiment asks how long superpositions last and when (or whether) they collapse. Interpretations for resolving this question include that the cat is dead or alive when the box is opened (Copenhagen); that a conscious mind must observe the box (Von Neumann–Wigner); that upon observa... | Schrödinger’s cat | 0.798106 |
88,774 | Dmitry and his wife co-authored Numerical Methods in Linear Algebra in 1960, followed by an enlarged edition in 1963. For instance, they developed an idea of Urbain Leverrier to produce an algorithm to find the resolvent matrix ( A − s I ) − 1 {\displaystyle (A-sI)^{-1}} of a given matrix A. By iteration, the method co... | Dmitry Faddeev | 0.798106 |
88,775 | The hot gas temperatures in the pulsation reactor range from 250° - 1,350 °C (expansion to higher temperatures is in progress). However, the actual treatment temperature may differ significantly from these values after the reactant has been added. The necessary treatment temperature can be determined through systematic... | Pulsation reactor | 0.798106 |
88,776 | This property is useful in image recognition. An image of an object is easily scaled when the object is moved towards or away from the camera. In quantum mechanics and especially quantum field theory, Fourier space is enormously useful and used extensively because momentum and position are Fourier transforms of each ot... | Mellin transformation | 0.798105 |
88,777 | The characteristics of the river with its network of channels and lagoons are distinguishable in satellite imagery and digital elevation models. The geology of the area is defined by heavy clay soils, highly impermeable with a top layer of "black cotton" vertisol of approximately 500 mm on average. Sandy soils are foun... | Sudd flooded grasslands | 0.798105 |
88,778 | The earliest conception of PeptideAtlas began at the Institute for Systems Biology in the research lab of Ruedi Aebersold by Eric Deutsch and Sharon Chen at the Annotated Peptide Database (APD). The concept was further expanded with additional efforts from Parag Mallick and Frank Desiere. The first instance for an ense... | PeptideAtlas | 0.798105 |
88,779 | In 1975, he joined AT&T Bell Laboratories and eventually became Distinguished Member of Technical Staff. Since 1995, he has been a Technology Consultant at AT&T Research Laboratories. In 2002, he moved to Michigan to work at the University and settle down with his family.While his recent work has been in theoretical co... | Jeffrey Lagarias | 0.798105 |
88,780 | In geometry, the small dodecahemicosahedron (or great dodecahemiicosahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U62. It has 22 faces (12 pentagrams and 10 hexagons), 60 edges, and 30 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral. It is a hemipolyhedron with ten hexagonal faces passing through the mo... | Small dodecahemicosahedron | 0.798104 |
88,781 | Radicals play important roles in biology. Many of these are necessary for life, such as the intracellular killing of bacteria by phagocytic cells such as granulocytes and macrophages. Radicals are involved in cell signalling processes, known as redox signaling. For example, radical attack of linoleic acid produces a se... | Single electron transfer | 0.798104 |
88,782 | In the meantime, fuel cells are diverting resources from more immediate solutions." In 2008, Robert Zubrin, the author of Energy Victory, said: "Hydrogen is 'just about the worst possible vehicle fuel'". If hydrogen could be produced using renewable energy, "it would surely be easier simply to use this energy to charge... | Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle | 0.798104 |
88,783 | These short papers are intended to stimulate debate as to where a field within plant ecology is going, or needs to go. In addition, the journal contains a long-running series on the "Biological Flora of the British Isles". Over 300 accounts (each of a different species) have been published so far, all of which, from 19... | Journal of Ecology | 0.798104 |
88,784 | Nature Nanotechnology. 7 (5): 330–334. ISSN 1748-3395. | Phaedon Avouris | 0.798103 |
88,785 | In mathematics, a local system (or a system of local coefficients) on a topological space X is a tool from algebraic topology which interpolates between cohomology with coefficients in a fixed abelian group A, and general sheaf cohomology in which coefficients vary from point to point. Local coefficient systems were in... | Local coefficients | 0.798103 |
88,786 | If the trend towards the personalization of robots and social integration of artificial creatures continues, it is expected that this research will become more prevalent. David Levy, the artificial intelligence researcher in University of Maastricht contains the forecast of robot and human relationship in his thesis, "... | Technoself studies | 0.798103 |
88,787 | Under Newtonian physics, an object in an (isolated) two-body system, consisting of the object orbiting a spherical mass, would trace out an ellipse with the center of mass of the system at a focus of the ellipse. The point of closest approach, called the periapsis (or when the central body is the Sun, perihelion), is f... | Tests of general relativity | 0.798103 |
88,788 | He died in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.His research focussed on the stereochemistry and conformational analysis of flexible organic molecules, including derivatives of cyclohexane and saturated heterocyclic rings, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) extensively. His 1962 textbook Stereochemistry of Carb... | Ernest L. Eliel | 0.798103 |
88,789 | It is easily seen that the subdifferential is linear in y (that is false and the assertion requires Hahn-Banach theorem to be proved) and, since the infimum taken in the right-hand side of the previous formula is smaller than the value of the same term for θ = 1, one gets φ ( x ) ≤ φ ( x + y ) − ( D φ ) ( x ) ⋅ y . {\d... | Jensen's Inequality | 0.798102 |
88,790 | In hydrogeology, groundwater flow is often modeled numerically by the finite element method and finite difference method. These two methods have been shown to produce similar results if the mesh is fine enough. | Numerical modeling (geology) | 0.798102 |
88,791 | In addition to naturally-occurring foreign nucleic acid stressors like TEs and viruses, artificially introduced DNA sequences, like transgenes, are also targeted for repression by RdDM. Transgenes are widely used in genetics research to study gene function and regulation, and in plant breeding to introduce novel and de... | RNA-directed DNA methylation | 0.798102 |
88,792 | The Born rule (also called Born's rule) is a postulate of quantum mechanics which gives the probability that a measurement of a quantum system will yield a given result. In its simplest form, it states that the probability density of finding a system in a given state, when measured, is proportional to the square of the... | Quantum probability | 0.798102 |
88,793 | The mathematician Irving Kaplansky is notable for proposing numerous conjectures in several branches of mathematics, including a list of ten conjectures on Hopf algebras. They are usually known as Kaplansky's conjectures. | Kaplansky's conjectures | 0.798102 |
88,794 | An alkane has only C–H and C–C single bonds. The former result from the overlap of an sp3 orbital of carbon with the 1s orbital of a hydrogen; the latter by the overlap of two sp3 orbitals on adjacent carbon atoms. The bond lengths amount to 1.09 × 10−10 m for a C–H bond and 1.54 × 10−10 m for a C–C bond. The spatial a... | Linear alkane | 0.798102 |
88,795 | When a decision maker does not explicitly articulate any preference information the multi-objective optimization method can be classified as no-preference method. A well-known example is the method of global criterion, in which a scalarized problem of the form min ‖ f ( x ) − z i d e a l ‖ s.t. x ∈ X {\displaystyle {\b... | Multiobjective optimization | 0.798102 |
88,796 | The zeroth law was not initially recognized as a separate law of thermodynamics, as its basis in thermodynamical equilibrium was implied in the other laws. The first, second, and third laws had been explicitly stated already, and found common acceptance in the physics community before the importance of the zeroth law f... | Phenomenological thermodynamics | 0.798101 |
88,797 | Mechanisms, manipulators or robots are typically composed of links connected together by joints. Serial manipulators, like the SCARA robot, connect a moving platform to a base through a single chain of links and joints. In robotics the moving platform is called the 'end effector'. Multiple serial chains connect the mov... | Kinematic pair | 0.798101 |
88,798 | Noble obtained an undergraduate degree in history and chemistry from the University of Florida and a doctorate from the University of Rochester. He worked as a biochemist at various institutions before becoming an assistant professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dismissed after being denied tenure in 1... | David F. Noble | 0.798101 |
88,799 | The Laplace transform finds wide application in physics and particularly in electrical engineering, where the characteristic equations that describe the behavior of an electric circuit in the complex frequency domain correspond to linear combinations of exponentially scaled and time-shifted damped sinusoids in the time... | Kernel (integral operator) | 0.798101 |
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