id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
89,400 | Their capacities only allow them to be considered equivalent to what are now known as AI Cores, small (in the literal physical sense) Artificial intelligences used in shuttles, trans-light modules, Drones, and other machines not large enough for a full scale Mind. While still considered sentient, a mind's power at this... | Zetetic Elench | 0.797968 |
89,401 | People with MDD sometimes show diurnal and seasonal variation of symptom severity, even in non-seasonal depression. Diurnal mood improvement was associated with activity of dorsal neural networks. Increased mean core temperature was also observed. One hypothesis proposed that depression was a result of a phase shift.Da... | Biology of depression | 0.797968 |
89,402 | In the Polar Class rules, the hull of the vessel is divided longitudinally into four regions: "bow", "bow intermediate", "midbody" and "stern". All longitudinal regions except the bow are further divided vertically into "bottom", "lower" and "icebelt" regions. For each region, a design ice load is calculated based on t... | Polar Class | 0.797968 |
89,403 | This acid–base theory was a revival of the oxygen theory of acids and bases proposed by German chemist Hermann Lux in 1939, further improved by Håkon Flood circa 1947 and is still used in modern geochemistry and electrochemistry of molten salts. This definition describes an acid as an oxide ion (O2−) acceptor and a bas... | Acid–base reaction | 0.797968 |
89,404 | Historically, there has been much dispute over whether such a thing as a vacuum can exist. Ancient Greek philosophers debated the existence of a vacuum, or void, in the context of atomism, which posited void and atom as the fundamental explanatory elements of physics. Following Plato, even the abstract concept of a fea... | Hard vacuum | 0.797967 |
89,405 | University of Belgrade was situated in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. Students can go there for the last two semesters. The best master theses written by Astromundus students will be considered for publication in the Serbian Astronomical Journal published by the Astronomical Observatory Belgrade and the Department of... | Astromundus | 0.797967 |
89,406 | In a cyclic orthodiagonal quadrilateral, the anticenter coincides with the point where the diagonals intersect. Brahmagupta's theorem states that for a cyclic orthodiagonal quadrilateral, the perpendicular from any side through the point of intersection of the diagonals bisects the opposite side. If an orthodiagonal qu... | Eight-point circle | 0.797967 |
89,407 | The idea of fuzzy equilibrium is based on the optimization principles. Therefore, the MaxEmin-, MaxGmin- and PDP-stability have to be analyzed. The violation of these principles leads often to wrong predictions and decisions. | Linear partial information | 0.797967 |
89,408 | Scientific evidence for evolution comes from many aspects of biology and includes fossils, homologous structures, and molecular similarities between species' DNA. | Introduction to evolution | 0.797966 |
89,409 | September – Nature Publishing releases the pilot version of Principles of Biology, a customizable, modular textbook, with no corresponding paper edition. June/November – As the e-reader market grows in Spain, companies like Telefónica, Fnac, and Casa del Libro launch their e-readers with the Spanish brand "bq readers".... | Electronic books | 0.797966 |
89,410 | Materials implicitly control achievable spatial resolution. Specimen geometry during the analysis is uncontrolled, yet controls projection behaviour, hence there is little control over the magnification. This induces distortions into the computer generated 3D dataset. Features of interest might evaporate in a physicall... | Atom Probe | 0.797966 |
89,411 | Shor's algorithm can be used to break elliptic curve cryptography by computing discrete logarithms on a hypothetical quantum computer. The latest quantum resource estimates for breaking a curve with a 256-bit modulus (128-bit security level) are 2330 qubits and 126 billion Toffoli gates. For the binary elliptic curve c... | Elliptic-curve cryptography | 0.797965 |
89,412 | Based on this definition, the galactic poles and equator can be found from spherical trigonometry and can be precessed to other epochs; see the table. The IAU recommended that during the transition period from the old, pre-1958 system to the new, the old longitude and latitude should be designated lI and bI while the n... | Galactic equator | 0.797965 |
89,413 | A reduction in the fitness (biology) of a population is a direct consequence of its low diversity which is dependent on the expression of deleterious recessive alleles. In large populations, natural selection keeps such alleles at a low frequency. Since they usually occur in heterozygotes, they are masked by a copy of ... | Rescue effect | 0.797964 |
89,414 | The Bohr–Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Einstein and Niels Bohr, who were two of its founders. Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the philosophy of science. Their debates would influence later interpretations of quantum mechanics. | Albert Einstein | 0.797964 |
89,415 | Abstract homotopy theory A part of topology that deals with homotopic functions, i.e. functions from one topological space to another which are homotopic (the functions can be deformed into one another). Actuarial science The discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in insurance, fina... | Glossary of areas of mathematics | 0.797964 |
89,416 | Kazimierz Kuratowski, Polish mathematician, a leading representatives of the Warsaw School of Mathematics; Kuratowski's theorem, Kuratowski-Zorn lemma; Kuratowski closure axioms. Tadek Marek, Polish automobile engineer, known for his Aston Martin engines. Otto Marcin Nikodym, Polish mathematician; Radon-Nikodym theorem... | Timeline of Polish science and technology | 0.797964 |
89,417 | The simplest learning rule to try is to select (at the current step) the hypothesis that has the least loss over all past rounds. This algorithm is called Follow the leader, and round t {\displaystyle t} is simply given by: w t = a r g m i n w ∈ S ∑ i = 1 t − 1 v i ( w ) {\displaystyle w_{t}=\operatorname {arg\,min} ... | Batch learning | 0.797964 |
89,418 | In physics and engineering, mass flux is the rate of mass flow. Its SI units are kg m−2 s−1. The common symbols are j, J, q, Q, φ, or Φ (Greek lower or capital Phi), sometimes with subscript m to indicate mass is the flowing quantity. Mass flux can also refer to an alternate form of flux in Fick's law that includes the... | Mass flux | 0.797963 |
89,419 | The contribution of gene–environment interaction to reading disability has been intensely studied using twin studies, which estimate the proportion of variance associated with a person's environment and the proportion associated with their genes. Both environmental and genetic factors appear to contribute to reading de... | Dyslexia | 0.797963 |
89,420 | In the final section, the "Gola" or "The Sphere," Aryabhata goes into great detail describing the celestial relationship between the Earth and the cosmos. This section is noted for describing the rotation of the Earth on its axis. It further uses the armillary sphere and details rules relating to problems of trigonomet... | Aryabhatiya | 0.797963 |
89,421 | Artificial intelligence Cognitive robotics Developmental robotics Evolutionary robotics Simultaneous localization and mapping Teleoperation von Neumann machine Wake-up robot problem William Grey Walter | Autonomous robot | 0.797963 |
89,422 | For binary classification and the 0/1 loss function we have the following generalization bounds: P ( sup f ∈ F | R ^ n ( f ) − R ( f ) | > ε ) ≤ 8 S ( F , n ) e − n ε 2 / 32 E ≤ 2 log S ( F , n ) + log 2 n {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}P\left(\sup _{f\in {\mathcal {F}}}\left|{\hat {R}}_{n}(f)-R(f)\right|>\varepsi... | VC theory | 0.797963 |
89,423 | In 1984 and 1985, Mark Sanders, a designer who had earned his degree in mechanical engineering from Imperial College, London, designed a folding bicycle as part of his graduate studies in an Industrial Design Engineering (IDE) program. The program was run jointly by Imperial College and the Royal College of Art in Lond... | Belt-drive bicycle | 0.797963 |
89,424 | As expected, due to the NP-hardness of the subjacent optimization problem, the computational time of optimal algorithms for K-means quickly increases beyond this size. Optimal solutions for small- and medium-scale still remain valuable as a benchmark tool, to evaluate the quality of other heuristics. To find high-quali... | K-means algorithm | 0.797962 |
89,425 | In Göttingen, Noether supervised more than a dozen doctoral students; her first was Grete Hermann, who defended her dissertation in February 1925. She later spoke reverently of her "dissertation-mother". Noether also supervised Max Deuring, who distinguished himself as an undergraduate and went on to contribute to the ... | Emmy Noether | 0.797962 |
89,426 | The ArDM (Argon Dark Matter) Experiment was a particle physics experiment based on a liquid argon detector, aiming at measuring signals from WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), which may constitute the Dark Matter in the universe. Elastic scattering of WIMPs from argon nuclei is measurable by observing free e... | ArDM | 0.797962 |
89,427 | Drug taking and relapse are heavily influenced by a number of factors including the pharmacokinetics, dose, and neurochemistry of the drug itself as well as the drug taker’s environment and drug-related history. Reinstatement of drug use after a period of non-use or abstinence is typically initiated by one or a combina... | Disease recurrence | 0.797961 |
89,428 | The main part of the interface is devoted to the display window where the user can manipulate the geometry. The 3D solids can be defined either by using the component toolbar or by importing them from other 3rd party software (CATIA, Pro/Engineer…) with the standard STEP or IGES format. The Open Cascade library include... | FASTRAD | 0.797961 |
89,429 | In software engineering, the mediator pattern defines an object that encapsulates how a set of objects interact. This pattern is considered to be a behavioral pattern due to the way it can alter the program's running behavior. In object-oriented programming, programs often consist of many classes. Business logic and co... | Mediator pattern | 0.797961 |
89,430 | Ferric chloride form hydrates upon exposure to water, reflecting its Lewis acidity. All hydrates exhibit deliquescence, meaning that they become liquid by absorbing moisture from the air. Hydration invariably gives derivatives of aquo complexes with the formula +. This cation can adopt either trans or cis stereochemist... | Iron(III) chloride | 0.797961 |
89,431 | 2003: Somchart Soponronnarit ( Thailand) "for research on areas of renewable energy and drying technology." 2005: Alexander Balankin ( Mexico/ Russia) "for his pioneer contributions in development of fractal mechanics and improving exploration techniques for the oil industry". == References == | UNESCO Science Prize | 0.797961 |
89,432 | In Deus Ex (2000), nanotechnology is an important part of both the plot and game mechanics. A very dangerous technology in the wrong hands, it provides a number of superhuman abilities to the protagonist along with novel approaches to weaponry such as the coveted Dragon's Tooth Sword. The MMORPG Anarchy Online (launche... | Nanotechnology in fiction | 0.79796 |
89,433 | Semantics is the study of meaning. Formal semantics is about attaching meaning to expressions. In algebra, an expression may be used to designate a value, which might depend on values assigned to variables occurring in the expression. The determination of this value depends on the semantics attached to the symbols of t... | Mathematical expression | 0.79796 |
89,434 | The forgetful functor from topological spaces to sets is not monadic as it does not reflect isomorphisms: continuous bijections between (non-compact or non-Hausdorff) topological spaces need not be homeomorphisms. Negrepontis (1971, §1) shows that the functor from commutative C*-algebras to sets sending such an algebra... | Beck's monadicity theorem | 0.79796 |
89,435 | Jodie L. Lutkenhaus is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University who develops redox active polymers for energy storage and smart coatings. In 2019 Lutkenhaus and Karen L. Wooley demonstrated the world's first biodegradable peptide battery. Lutkenhaus is a World Economic Forum Young Scientist. | Jodie Lutkenhaus | 0.79796 |
89,436 | It is called ‘Cartesian’ because it represents a program using a two-dimensional grid of nodes.Miller's keynote explains how CGP works. He edited a book entitled Cartesian Genetic Programming, published in 2011 by Springer. The open source project dCGP implements a differentiable version of CGP developed at the Europea... | Cartesian Genetic Programming | 0.79796 |
89,437 | summa cum laude at 17 years of age, as well as the Green Memorial Prize for the best academic record. He continued as a graduate student at Columbia, and was awarded a Ph.D. in physics in 1949 when he was 21.After a short period of teaching and postdoctoral research, Brown became a research scientist at the Radiation L... | Harold Brown (Secretary of Defense) | 0.797959 |
89,438 | Stated alternatively, "One cannot simultaneously sharply localize a signal (function f) in both the time domain and frequency domain (ƒ̂, its Fourier transform)". When applied to filters, the result implies that one cannot achieve high temporal resolution and frequency resolution at the same time; a concrete example ar... | Heisenberg's inequality | 0.797958 |
89,439 | As the pandemic raged on, healthcare workers were required to continue wearing surgical masks for 12 or more hours a day. This caused the ear loops of the masks to chafe the back of their ears. Ear savers, plastic straps and hooks that go around wearer's heads, were invented to move the ear loops away from the wearer's... | Surgical mask | 0.797958 |
89,440 | Information theory is a branch of applied mathematics, electrical engineering, and computer science involving the quantification of information. Information theory was developed by Claude E. Shannon to find fundamental limits on signal processing operations such as compressing data and on reliably storing and communica... | Theoretical computer scientist | 0.797958 |
89,441 | The production of + in the reaction above by the "following" chemical reaction produces a species directly at the electrode that could display redox chemistry anywhere in a CV plot or none at all. The change in coordination from + to + often prevents the observation of "reversible" behavior during electrochemical exper... | Electrochemical reaction mechanism | 0.797958 |
89,442 | In 2017, Doudna and Charpentier were awarded the Japan Prize in Tokyo, Japan for their revolutionary invention of CRISPR-Cas9. In 2016, Charpentier, Doudna, and Zhang won the Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science. In 2020, Charpentier and Doudna were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the first such prize for an a... | CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing | 0.797958 |
89,443 | In order to mitigate rapid climate change, renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy are adopted by the building industry to support electricity generation. However, the electricity demand profile shows imbalance between supply and demand, which is known as the ‘duck curve’. This could impact on maintaini... | Building science | 0.797958 |
89,444 | In mathematics, the Mostow–Palais theorem is an equivariant version of the Whitney embedding theorem. It states that if a manifold is acted on by a compact Lie group with finitely many orbit types, then it can be embedded into some finite-dimensional orthogonal representation. It was introduced by Mostow (1957) and Pal... | Mostow–Palais theorem | 0.797957 |
89,445 | The Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) is a scientific and professional organization for people working on natural language processing. Its namesake conference is one of the primary high impact conferences for natural language processing research, along with EMNLP. The conference is held each summer in loc... | Association for Computational Linguistics | 0.797957 |
89,446 | The Chinese restaurant process, referring to certain random processes in probability theory, is a mathematical allusion to this custom.Harry G. Shaffer reported in the 1960s that it was a common practice in Soviet restaurants. He used the opportunity of being seated with strangers to strike up conversations with his fe... | Table sharing | 0.797957 |
89,447 | In statistics, the ordered logit model (also ordered logistic regression or proportional odds model) is an ordinal regression model—that is, a regression model for ordinal dependent variables—first considered by Peter McCullagh. For example, if one question on a survey is to be answered by a choice among "poor", "fair"... | Ordered logistic regression | 0.797957 |
89,448 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Me28S-Um3344 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nu... | Small nucleolar RNA Me28S-U3344 | 0.797957 |
89,449 | Aggregate fields, statistically constructed properties of aggregate groups of individuals, such as Population density or tree canopy coverage. Fields of potential or influence, which measure conceptual, non-material quantities (and are thus most closely related to the fields of physics), such as the probability that a ... | Field (geography) | 0.797956 |
89,450 | The goal of screening is earlier detection - to diagnose a disease earlier than it would be without screening. Therefore, if screening works, it needs to advance in time the moment of diagnosis. In other words, screening needs to introduce a lead time. However, the lead time itself biases survival statistics: people wi... | Lead time bias | 0.797956 |
89,451 | "L" is used to represent a general ligand in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. "M" is also often used in place of a general metal. At least two additional, two-letter generic chemical symbols are also in informal usage, "Ln" for any lanthanide element and "An" for any actinide element. "Rg" was formerly used for ... | Light element | 0.797956 |
89,452 | The idea of a congruence is probably better explained by giving an example than by a definition. Consider the smooth manifold R². Vector fields can be specified as first order linear partial differential operators, such as X → = ( x 2 − y 2 ) ∂ x + 2 x y ∂ y {\displaystyle {\vec {X}}=(x^{2}-y^{2})\,\partial _{x}+2\,xy\... | Congruence (manifolds) | 0.797956 |
89,453 | In high fidelity audio, an amplifier requires a flat frequency response of at least 20–20,000 Hz, with a tolerance as tight as ±0.1 dB in the mid-range frequencies around 1000 Hz; however, in telephony, a frequency response of 400–4,000 Hz, with a tolerance of ±1 dB is sufficient for intelligibility of speech.Once a fr... | Frequency function | 0.797955 |
89,454 | In condensed matter physics, the theory of homotopy groups provides a natural setting for description and classification of defects in ordered systems. Topological methods have been used in several problems of condensed matter theory. Poénaru and Toulouse used topological methods to obtain a condition for line (string)... | Topological soliton | 0.797955 |
89,455 | In molecular biology, the CodY protein family consists of several bacterial GTP-sensing transcriptional pleiotropic repressor CodY proteins. CodY has been found to repress the dipeptide transport operon (dpp) of Bacillus subtilis in nutrient-rich conditions. The CodY protein also has a repressor effect on many genes in... | CodY protein family | 0.797955 |
89,456 | When the ground field has characteristic zero and g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} has finite dimension, Levi's theorem states that this exact sequence splits; i.e., there exists a (necessarily semisimple) subalgebra of g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} that is isomorphic to the semisimple quotient g / r a d ( g ) {\d... | Radical of a Lie algebra | 0.797955 |
89,457 | Though the exact period T {\displaystyle T} can be determined, for any finite amplitude θ 0 < π {\displaystyle \theta _{0}<\pi } rad, by evaluating the corresponding complete elliptic integral K ( k ) {\displaystyle K(k)} , where k ≡ sin ( θ 0 / 2 ) {\displaystyle k\equiv \sin(\theta _{0}/2)} , this is often avoided ... | Physical pendulum | 0.797955 |
89,458 | The International Association of Physics Students (IAPS) is a non-profit umbrella organization for physics students associations. Its official seat is in Mulhouse, France in the headquarters of the European Physical Society. It was founded in 1987 in Debrecen, Hungary. | International Association of Physics Students | 0.797955 |
89,459 | (1960/1985), Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics, (first edition 1960), second edition 1985, John Wiley & Sons, New York, ISBN 0-471-86256-8. Crawford, F. H. (1963). | Thermodynamic energy | 0.797955 |
89,460 | The rearrangement will equate one signal with the sum of another signal, its integral, and the integral's integral. In other words, the rearrangement reveals a state variable filter structure. By using different states as outputs, any kind of second-order filter can be implemented.The SAB topology is sensitive to compo... | Ladder topology | 0.797954 |
89,461 | In the case of metal-catalyzed ionic hydrogenation, the substrates and their products must not bind to metal sites, as this would interfere with H2 activation. Ketones are the most common substrates. Less common are imines and N-heterocycles. The reaction can also be performed in reverse to effect hydrogenolysis. Liqui... | Ionic hydrogenation | 0.797954 |
89,462 | An analogous idea in law is the reasonable person criterion. Today, artificial intelligence systems are capable of providing or assisting in moral decisions, stating what we ought to morally do if we want to comply with certain moral principles. Artificial intelligence systems can gather information from environments, ... | Artificial intelligence and moral enhancement | 0.797954 |
89,463 | Ribet's theorem states that beginning with an elliptic curve E of conductor qN does not guarantee the existence of an elliptic curve E′ of level N such that ρE, p ≈ ρE′, p. The newform g of level N may not have rational Fourier coefficients, and hence may be associated to a higher-dimensional abelian variety, not an el... | Epsilon conjecture | 0.797954 |
89,464 | Along with his £70 scholarship from St John's College, this was enough to live at Cambridge. There, Dirac pursued his interests in the theory of general relativity, an interest he had gained earlier as a student in Bristol, and in the nascent field of quantum physics, under the supervision of Ralph Fowler. | Paul Dirac | 0.797954 |
89,465 | In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose. The etymology stems from Latin ligare, which means 'to bind'. In protein-ligand binding, the ligand is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein. The... | Relative binding affinity | 0.797954 |
89,466 | UA8 experiment was a high-energy physics experiment at the Proton-Antiproton Collider at CERN. The proposal for the experiment was done by physicists at the University of California, and it was approved in April 1985. Its spokesperson was Peter Schlein. The aim of the experiment was to search for and study jets in high... | UA8 experiment | 0.797954 |
89,467 | The non-relativistic form is called Lorentz self-force while the relativistic version is called the Lorentz–Dirac force or collectively known as Abraham–Lorentz–Dirac force. The equations are in the domain of classical physics, not quantum physics, and therefore may not be valid at distances of roughly the Compton wave... | Abraham–Lorentz force | 0.797954 |
89,468 | The study of stable isotope biogeochemistry involves the description of the relative abundances of various isotopes in a certain chemical pool, as well as the way in which physicochemical processes change the fraction of those isotopes in one pool vs. another. Various type of notation have been developed to describe th... | Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry | 0.797954 |
89,469 | The iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm was introduced by Besl and McKay. The algorithm performs rigid registration in an iterative fashion by alternating in (i) given the transformation, finding the closest point in S {\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}} for every point in M {\displaystyle {\mathcal {M}}} ; and (ii) giv... | Point set registration | 0.797953 |
89,470 | Her thesis was titled "The solution of difference equations describing array manipulation in program loops". Shortly after, in 1982, Marsha R. Williams became the second African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in computer science.Sometimes known as the "Betsy Ross of the personal computer," according to the New York Tim... | Women in computing | 0.797953 |
89,471 | The main advantages of automated manufacturing for the manufacturing process are realized with effective implementation of automation and include: higher consistency and quality, reduction of lead times, simplification of production, reduced handling, improved work flow, and improved worker morale. Robotics is the appl... | Production Engineering | 0.797952 |
89,472 | The chemistry of calcium is that of a typical heavy alkaline earth metal. For example, calcium spontaneously reacts with water more quickly than magnesium and less quickly than strontium to produce calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. It also reacts with the oxygen and nitrogen in the air to form a mixture of calcium ox... | Calcium | 0.797952 |
89,473 | The response shape of the filter remains the same. This does not amount to an impedance matching network, the impedances looking in to the network ports bear no relationship to the termination impedances. This means that a network designed by Bartlett's theorem, while having exactly the filter response predicted, also ... | Bartlett's bisection theorem | 0.797952 |
89,474 | Optimal depth of subsurface penetration is achieved in ice where the depth of penetration can achieve several thousand metres (to bedrock in Greenland) at low GPR frequencies. Dry sandy soils or massive dry materials such as granite, limestone, and concrete tend to be resistive rather than conductive, and the depth of ... | Ground penetrating radar survey (archaeology) | 0.797952 |
89,475 | Physicists face the same situation in the kinetic theory of gases, where the system, while deterministic in principle, is so complex (with the number of molecules typically the order of magnitude of the Avogadro constant 6.02×1023) that only a statistical description of its properties is feasible. Probability theory is... | Probability | 0.797952 |
89,476 | Karl Menger was a young geometry professor at the University of Vienna and Arthur Cayley was a British mathematician who specialized in algebraic geometry. Menger extended Cayley's algebraic excellence to propose a new axiom of metric spaces using the concepts of distance geometry and relation of congruence, known as t... | Cayley–Menger determinant | 0.797951 |
89,477 | He was the first to treat algebra as an independent discipline in its own right, and presented the first systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations. : 14 Ibn Ishaq al-Kindi (801–873) worked on cryptography for the Abbasid Caliphate, and gave the first known recorded explanation of cryptanalysis and the first... | Islamic science | 0.797951 |
89,478 | Mathematical economics is the application of mathematical methods to represent theories and analyze problems in economics. The applied methods usually refer to nontrivial mathematical techniques or approaches. Mathematical economics is based on statistics, probability, mathematical programming (as well as other computa... | Applied geometry | 0.797951 |
89,479 | The power series method can be applied to certain nonlinear differential equations, though with less flexibility. A very large class of nonlinear equations can be solved analytically by using the Parker–Sochacki method. Since the Parker–Sochacki method involves an expansion of the original system of ordinary differenti... | Power series solution of differential equations | 0.797951 |
89,480 | He also studied mathematics, physics and theology. He went on to lecture on those subjects at several European universities: in Florence, Prague, Olomouc, Wrocław, Mainz and Würzburg. In 1680 he accepted an offer from John III Sobieski, the king of Poland, returning to Poland and taking the position of the king's chapl... | Adam Adamandy Kochański | 0.797951 |
89,481 | The such development was in June 2005, when researchers at the Queen Victoria Hospital of Sussex, England were able to restore the sight of forty people using the same technique. The group, led by Sheraz Daya, was able to successfully use adult stem cells obtained from the patient, a relative, or even a cadaver.In Sept... | Stem cell therapy for macular degeneration | 0.79795 |
89,482 | NOAA awarded TDI-Brooks International with a five-year contract to analyze sediment and bivalve tissue chemistry from September 21, 2009 to September 20, 2014. TDI-Brooks has also conducted the testing for the previous ten years from 1999-2009. TDI-Brooks and their affiliate B&B Laboratories conducts the organic chemic... | Mussel Watch Program | 0.797949 |
89,483 | In human biology, handedness is an individual's preferential use of one hand, known as the dominant hand, due to it being stronger, faster or more dextrous. The other hand, comparatively often the weaker, less dextrous or simply less subjectively preferred, is called the non-dominant hand. In a study from 1975 on 7,688... | Left handed | 0.797949 |
89,484 | Now, for any N, because of the Euler–Lagrange theorem, on shell (and only on-shell), we have Q = ∫ N Q d n x + ∫ ∂ N ∂ L ∂ ( ∂ μ φ ) Q d s μ ≈ ∫ ∂ N f μ d s μ . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Q\left&=\int _{N}\leftQ\,\mathrm {d} ^{n}x+\int _{\partial N}{\frac {\partial {\mathcal {L}}}{\partial (\partial _{\mu }\var... | Noether's first theorem | 0.797949 |
89,485 | There is a unique complex Lie algebra of type E6, corresponding to a complex group of complex dimension 78. The complex adjoint Lie group E6 of complex dimension 78 can be considered as a simple real Lie group of real dimension 156. This has fundamental group Z/3Z, has maximal compact subgroup the compact form (see bel... | E6 (mathematics) | 0.797948 |
89,486 | Because the theorem assumes nothing about the nature of the possible outcomes of the gambles, they could be morally significant events, for instance involving the life, death, sickness, or health of others. A von Neumann–Morgenstern rational agent is capable of acting with great concern for such events, sacrificing muc... | Von Neumann–Morgenstern utility theorem | 0.797948 |
89,487 | The New York Number Theory Seminar is a research seminar devoted to the theory of numbers and related parts of mathematics and physics. The seminar began in 1982 under the founding organizers Harvey Cohn, David and Gregory Chudnovsky, and Melvyn B. Nathanson. It is held at the Graduate Center, CUNY. | New York Number Theory Seminar | 0.797948 |
89,488 | An arenium ion in organic chemistry is a cyclohexadienyl cation that appears as a reactive intermediate in electrophilic aromatic substitution. For historic reasons this complex is also called a Wheland intermediate, after American chemist George Willard Wheland (1907–1976). They are also called sigma complexes. The sm... | Arenium ion | 0.797947 |
89,489 | The growth of nonlinear differential equations during the fifties was stimulated by RIAS. One of the leading groups in dynamical systems and control theory, the Lefschetz Center for Dynamical Systems, was a spinoff from RIAS. After the launch of Sputnik, world-class mathematician Solomon Lefschetz came out of retiremen... | United States gravity control propulsion research | 0.797947 |
89,490 | Truthmaker theory is "the branch of metaphysics that explores the relationships between what is true and what exists". The basic intuition behind truthmaker theory is that truth depends on being. For example, a perceptual experience of a green tree may be said to be true because there actually is a green tree. But if t... | Truthmaker theory | 0.797947 |
89,491 | It is independent of the surface material and is weakly dependent upon the heated surface geometry described by the constant C. For large horizontal cylinders, spheres and large finite heated surfaces, the value of the Zuber constant C = π 24 ≈ 0.131 {\displaystyle C={\frac {\pi }{24}}\approx 0.131} . For large horizon... | Critical heat flux | 0.797947 |
89,492 | EN 1991-1-4 gives guidance on the determination of natural wind actions for the structural design of building and civil engineering works for each of the loaded areas under consideration. This includes the whole structure or parts of the structure or elements attached to the structure, e. g. components, cladding units ... | Eurocode 1: Actions on structures | 0.797947 |
89,493 | Wulf Bernard Kunkel (6 February 1923, Eichenau, Germany – 3 September 2013, Oakland, California) was a German-born American physicist, specializing in plasma physics, especially "the development of ion beams for plasma heating".Kunkel attended the International Quaker School Eerde in Eerde, Ommen in the Netherlands. Du... | Wulf Bernard Kunkel | 0.797947 |
89,494 | ACP participants have included hundreds of post–doctoral fellows, professors, researchers and experimentalists who have come for short-term visits. Some had already achieved distinction before coming to the center; others won prizes or gained international recognition after spending time at the ACP early in their caree... | Aspen Center for Physics | 0.797946 |
89,495 | Let T 1 {\displaystyle T_{1}} be a theory obtained from T {\displaystyle T} by extending its language with new constants a 1 , … , a m {\displaystyle a_{1},\ldots ,a_{m}} and adding a new axiom φ ( a 1 , … , a m ) {\displaystyle \varphi (a_{1},\ldots ,a_{m})} .Then T 1 {\displaystyle T_{1}} is a conservative extension ... | Extension by new constant and function names | 0.797946 |
89,496 | MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, or MEDLARS Online) is a bibliographic database of life sciences and biomedical information. It includes bibliographic information for articles from academic journals covering medicine, nursing, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and health care. M... | MEDLINE | 0.797945 |
89,497 | However, proponents of estimation statistics warn against reporting only a few numbers. Rather, it is advised to analyze and present data using data visualization. Examples of appropriate visualizations include the Scatter plot for regression, and Gardner-Altman plots for two independent groups. While historical data-g... | Estimation statistics | 0.797945 |
89,498 | In paleoecology and ecological forecasting, a no-analog community or climate is one that is compositionally different from a (typically modern) baseline for measurement. Alternative naming conventions to describe no-analog communities and climates may include novel, emerging, mosaic, disharmonious and intermingled.Mode... | No-analog (ecology) | 0.797945 |
89,499 | For example, consider the plaintext: crypto is short for cryptography. "crypto" is a repeated string, and the distance between the occurrences is 20 characters. If we line up the plaintext with a 6-character keyword "abcdef" (6 does not divide into 20): abcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabcdefabc crypto is short for cryptography... | Kasiski examination | 0.797945 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.