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90,600 | Domain theory is a branch of mathematics that studies special kinds of partially ordered sets (posets) commonly called domains. Consequently, domain theory can be considered as a branch of order theory. The field has major applications in computer science, where it is used to specify denotational semantics, especially ... | Domain theory | 0.797717 |
90,601 | Machine learning agents have been used to take the place of a human player rather than function as NPCs, which are deliberately added into video games as part of designed gameplay. Deep learning agents have achieved impressive results when used in competition with both humans and other artificial intelligence agents. | Machine learning in video games | 0.797716 |
90,602 | Although there had been Chinese Nobel Prize recipients before (Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen Ning Yang), none had previously delivered the acceptance speech in Chinese. In his Nobel banquet speech, Ting emphasized the importance of experimental work: In reality, a theory in natural science cannot be without experimental found... | Samuel C. C. Ting | 0.797716 |
90,603 | She graduated with a B.S. in Civil Engineering.When the United States joined World War II in 1941, the College of Engineering faced many changes. The College of Engineering instituted several specialized training programs to aid the war effort. | Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering | 0.797716 |
90,604 | As with CNC subtractive methods, the computer-aided-design – computer-aided manufacturing CAD -CAM workflow in the traditional rapid prototyping process starts with the creation of geometric data, either as a 3D solid using a CAD workstation, or 2D slices using a scanning device. For rapid prototyping this data must re... | Rapid Prototyping | 0.797716 |
90,605 | However, it is now more common to use deep learning methods. This has been helped along enormously by the publication of a number of large fashion datasets that can be used for training. These methods include regression-based models, constraint-based models, and attentive models. The particular problems of fashion land... | Landmark detection | 0.797716 |
90,606 | Rus has published an extensive collection of research articles that span the fields of robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and computational design. In her work Rus has sought to expand the notion of what a robot can be, exploring such topics as soft robotics, self-reconfigurable modular robots, s... | Daniela L. Rus | 0.797716 |
90,607 | In chemistry, stereospecificity is the property of a reaction mechanism that leads to different stereoisomeric reaction products from different stereoisomeric reactants, or which operates on only one (or a subset) of the stereoisomers.In contrast, stereoselectivity is the property of a reactant mixture where a non-ster... | Stereospecificity | 0.797716 |
90,608 | This makes synchrotron radiation sources the most brilliant known sources of X-rays. The planar acceleration geometry makes the radiation linearly polarized when observed in the orbital plane, and circularly polarized when observed at a small angle to that plane.The advantages of using synchrotron radiation for spectro... | Synchrotron light sources | 0.797715 |
90,609 | Advanced Engineering Materials is a peer-reviewed materials science journal that publishes monthly. Advanced Engineering Materials publishes peer-reviewed reviews, communications, and full papers, on topics centered around structural materials, such as metals, alloys, ceramics, composites, plastics etc.. | Advanced Engineering Materials | 0.797715 |
90,610 | The second type of failure is from fatigue or corrosion, caused by instability in the structure's geometry, design or material properties. These failures usually begin when cracks form at stress points, such as squared corners or bolt holes too close to the material's edge. | Structural integrity and failure | 0.797715 |
90,611 | The German contingent left the institute in 1953. The institute had two departments: radiobiophysics (No. 1) and radiochemistry (No. 2). In 1955, the institute was merged into the newly created second nuclear weapons design institute Nauchno-Issledovatel'skij Institut-1011 (NII-1011). During the merger, the radiopathol... | Laboratory B in Sungulʹ | 0.797714 |
90,612 | Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS, also Explorer 74 and SMEX-3) is a NASA submillimetre astronomy satellite, and is the fourth spacecraft in the Small Explorer program (SMEX). It was launched on 6 December 1998, at 00:57:54 UTC, from Vandenberg Air Force Base aboard a Pegasus XL launch vehicle. The telescope... | Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite | 0.797714 |
90,613 | injection of 5 mg/kg" as compared to no detectable increase in an injection of the drug alone or the uncoated nanoparticle. This is very new science and technology so the real effectiveness of this process has not been fully understood. However young the research is, the results are promising pointing to nanotechnology... | Drug delivery to the brain | 0.797714 |
90,614 | Surface water can be affected by local geology, as minerals leached from sub-surface rocks can enter surface water bodies and influence water chemistry. Examples of this are the Werii River (Tigray, Ethiopia), where elevated concentrations of heavy metals have been linked to the underlying slate, and drinking wells in ... | Aquatic biomonitoring | 0.797714 |
90,615 | The theory of operator algebras has been extended to cover Jordan operator algebras. The counterparts of C*-algebras are JB algebras, which in finite dimensions are called Euclidean Jordan algebras. The norm on the real Jordan algebra must be complete and satisfy the axioms: ‖ a ∘ b ‖ ≤ ‖ a ‖ ⋅ ‖ b ‖ , ‖ a 2 ‖ = ‖ a ‖ ... | Formally real Jordan algebra | 0.797714 |
90,616 | That way, one can reduce it to the case where the assertion is known. These two theorems mean that it suffices to show that a given map is a quasifibration on certain subsets. Then one can patch these together in order to see that it holds on bigger subsets and finally, using a limiting argument, one sees that the map ... | Quasi-fibration | 0.797713 |
90,617 | In econometrics and statistics, a top-coded data observation is one for which data points whose values are above an upper bound are censored. Survey data are often topcoded before release to the public to preserve the anonymity of respondents. For example, if a survey answer reported a respondent with self-identified w... | Top-coded | 0.797713 |
90,618 | Top charging is recommended to be initiated when voltage goes below 4.05 V/cell.Failure to follow current and voltage limitations can result in an explosion.Charging temperature limits for Li-ion are stricter than the operating limits. Lithium-ion chemistry performs well at elevated temperatures but prolonged exposure ... | Li-ion Batteries | 0.797713 |
90,619 | NeurogesX has successfully completed three Phase III clinical studies of Qutenza (NGX-4010) that met studies primary endpoints. Qutenza is a synthetic trans-capsaicin and drug delivery is by a rapid-delivery patch application system NeurogesX plans to launch Qutenza in the United States in the first half of November 20... | Discovery and development of TRPV1 antagonists | 0.797712 |
90,620 | An independent test measured the brake specific fuel consumption of Revetec's X4v2 prototype gasoline engine at 212g/kW-h (corresponding to an energy efficiency of 38.6%). Any even number of pistons can be used, in boxer or X configurations; the three lobes of the cams can be replaced by any other odd number greater th... | Six-stroke engine | 0.797712 |
90,621 | In quantum mechanics, the general quantum state of a qubit can be represented by a linear superposition of its two orthonormal basis states (or basis vectors). These vectors are usually denoted as | 0 ⟩ = {\displaystyle |0\rangle ={\bigl }} and | 1 ⟩ = {\displaystyle |1\rangle ={\bigl }} . They are written in the con... | Qubit | 0.797712 |
90,622 | This type of measurement is referred to as a static contact angle measurement.The contact angle is affected not only by the surface chemistry but also by the surface roughness. The Young equation, which is the basis for the contact angle, assumes a homogeneous surface with no surface roughness. In case surface roughnes... | Sessile drop technique | 0.797711 |
90,623 | The Federation of Chemistry (Italian: Federazione Chimici, Federchimi) was a trade union representing workers in chemical and related industries in Italy. The union was founded in 1950, as the Federation of Chemical, Oil and Gas Workers, by Christian democrats who had recently left the Italian Federation of Chemical Wo... | Federation of Chemistry | 0.797711 |
90,624 | Mate choice in human reproductive ecology is the process by which individuals rationally partner with others. Mate choice practices, like many of the topics in human reproductive ecology, vary greatly between individuals and between cultures. Culture heavily influences mate choice, but there are evolutionary concepts t... | Human reproductive ecology | 0.797711 |
90,625 | Researchers have explored free-electron lasers as an alternative to synchrotron light sources that have been the workhorses of protein crystallography and cell biology.Exceptionally bright and fast X-rays can image proteins using x-ray crystallography. This technique allows first-time imaging of proteins that do not st... | Free-electron laser | 0.797711 |
90,626 | William Sealy Gosset (13 June 1876 – 16 October 1937) was an English statistician, chemist and brewer who served as Head Brewer of Guinness and Head Experimental Brewer of Guinness and was a pioneer of modern statistics. He pioneered small sample experimental design and analysis with an economic approach to the logic o... | Student (mathematician) | 0.79771 |
90,627 | It is among the most common initial separation techniques, though some difficulties result in extracting out closely related functional groups. Liquid–liquid extraction is possible in non-aqueous systems: In a system consisting of a molten metal in contact with molten salts, metals can be extracted from one phase to th... | Liquid-liquid extraction | 0.79771 |
90,628 | Firstly, the techniques being applied to supply-chain optimization are claimed to be academically credible. Most of the specialist companies that have been created as a result of research projects are in academic institutions or consulting firms: and they point to research articles, white papers, academic advisors and ... | Supply chain optimization | 0.79771 |
90,629 | Sensor technology limits finer resolution. Such resolutions yield a contact area of approximately 500 sensors (for a typical adult human foot with surface area of approximately 100 cm2). For a stance phase duration of approximately 0.6 seconds during normal walking, approximately 150,000 pressure values, depending on t... | Anthropometry | 0.79771 |
90,630 | Tertiary phosphines are often used as ligands in coordination chemistry. The binding of phosphines bind to metals, which serve as Lewis acids. For example, silver chloride reacts with triphenylphosphine to 1;1 and 1:2 complexes: PPh3 + AgCl → ClAgPPh3 PPh3 + ClAgPPh3 → ClAg(PPh3)2The adducts formed from phosphines and ... | Organophosphine | 0.79771 |
90,631 | The main problem associated with dewatering is it is not just the release of seawater re-entering the water column. Heavy metals such as copper and cobalt that would be sourced from the material extracted on the seafloor are also mixed in with the water that is released into the water column. The first environmental co... | Deep sea vent | 0.79771 |
90,632 | ACSES provides railway trains with positive enforcement of "civil" speed restrictions (those based on the physical characteristics of the line). The on-board components keep track of a train's position and continuously calculates a maximum safe braking curve for upcoming speed restrictions. If the train exceeds the saf... | Advanced Civil Speed Enforcement System | 0.797709 |
90,633 | In the biological context, the principle was used by Charles Darwin and others to defend the evolutionary postulate that all species develop from earlier species through gradual and minute changes rather than through the sudden emergence of new forms. In botany in particular, the Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu was a major ... | Natura non facit saltus | 0.797709 |
90,634 | In quantum mechanics, a raising or lowering operator (collectively known as ladder operators) is an operator that increases or decreases the eigenvalue of another operator. In quantum mechanics, the raising operator is sometimes called the creation operator, and the lowering operator the annihilation operator. Well-kno... | Anti-symmetric operator | 0.797709 |
90,635 | In homological algebra, a branch of mathematics, a matrix factorization is a tool used to study infinitely long resolutions, generally over commutative rings. | Matrix factorization (algebra) | 0.797708 |
90,636 | In 1997, Moni Naor and Omer Reingold described efficient constructions for various cryptographic primitives in private key as well as public-key cryptography. Their result is the construction of an efficient pseudorandom function. Let p and l be prime numbers with l |p−1. Select an element g ∈ F p ∗ {\displaystyle {\ma... | Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function | 0.797708 |
90,637 | Sometimes the variables and corresponding parameters in the regression can be logically split into two groups, so that the regression takes form y = X 1 β 1 + X 2 β 2 + ε , {\displaystyle y=X_{1}\beta _{1}+X_{2}\beta _{2}+\varepsilon ,} where X1 and X2 have dimensions n×p1, n×p2, and β1, β2 are p1×1 and p2×1 vectors, w... | Normal equations | 0.797708 |
90,638 | Residual strength is the load or force (usually mechanical) that a damaged object or material can still carry without failing. Material toughness, fracture size and geometry as well as its orientation all contribute to residual strength. == References == | Residual strength | 0.797707 |
90,639 | Morley's most-significant work came in the field of physics and optics. In this, he collaborated with and assisted the physicist Albert A. Michelson for several years around 1887. They set up, executed, and improved their techniques many times in what we call the Michelson–Morley experiment. This involved making more a... | Edward W. Morley | 0.797707 |
90,640 | In computer science and graph theory, the zero-weight cycle problem is the problem of deciding whether a directed graph with weights on the edges (which may be positive or negative or zero) has a cycle in which the sum of weights is 0. A related problem is to decide whether the graph has a negative cycle, a cycle in wh... | Zero-weight cycle problem | 0.797707 |
90,641 | Iterative methods can be roughly classified into projection-based and optimization-based methods. Some of the linear projection iterative algorithms used for ECVT include Newton-Raphson, Landweber iteration and steepest descent algebraic reconstruction and simultaneous reconstruction techniques, and model-based iterati... | Electrical capacitance volume tomography | 0.797707 |
90,642 | (2009). "Right to Assisted Reproductive Technology: Overcoming Infertility in Low-resource Countries". International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. | Marcia C. Inhorn | 0.797707 |
90,643 | In document classification, a bag of words is a sparse vector of occurrence counts of words; that is, a sparse histogram over the vocabulary. In computer vision, a bag of visual words is a vector of occurrence counts of a vocabulary of local image features. batch normalization A technique for improving the performance ... | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.797707 |
90,644 | In molecular biology, the cytochrome c assembly protein family includes various proteins involved in cytochrome c assembly from mitochondria and bacteria. Members of this family include: CycK from Rhizobium leguminosarum, CcmC from Escherichia coli and Paracoccus denitrificans, and orf240 from Triticum aestivum (Wheat)... | Cytochrome c assembly protein family | 0.797707 |
90,645 | Volatiles are the group of chemical elements and chemical compounds that can be readily vaporized. In contrast with volatiles, elements and compounds that are not readily vaporized are known as refractory substances. On planet Earth, the term 'volatiles' often refers to the volatile components of magma. In astrogeology... | Volatile (astrogeology) | 0.797707 |
90,646 | Based largely on the calculus of variations, this work introduced Lagrangian mechanics including the notion of virtual work, generalized coordinates, and the Lagrangian. Lagrange also further developed the principle of least action and introduced the Lagrangian reference frame for fluid flow.Hamilton's papers. Hamilton... | List of important publications in physics | 0.797707 |
90,647 | Their first project was a program that could prove mathematical theorems like the ones used in Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead's Principia Mathematica. They enlisted the help of computer programmer Cliff Shaw, also from RAND, to develop the program. (Newell says "Cliff was the genuine computer scientist of ... | Logic Theorist | 0.797706 |
90,648 | Oscar Buneman (28 September 1913 – 24 January 1993) made advances in science, engineering, and mathematics. Buneman was a pioneer of computational plasma physics and plasma simulation. | Oscar Buneman | 0.797706 |
90,649 | 1829: The first public examination of an American girl in geometry was held. 1858: Florence Nightengale became the first female member of the Royal Statistical Society. 1873: Sarah Woodhead of Britain became the first woman to take, and to pass, the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos Exam. | Timeline of women in mathematics | 0.797706 |
90,650 | Data reconciliation is a technique that targets at correcting measurement errors that are due to measurement noise, i.e. random errors. From a statistical point of view the main assumption is that no systematic errors exist in the set of measurements, since they may bias the reconciliation results and reduce the robust... | Data validation and reconciliation | 0.797706 |
90,651 | A run-off transcription assay is an assay in molecular biology which is conducted in vitro to identify the position of the transcription start site (1 base pair upstream) of a specific promoter along with its accuracy and rate of in vitro transcription.Run-off transcription can be used to quantitatively measure the eff... | Run-off transcription | 0.797706 |
90,652 | The ground-tier vehicles have limited onboard computing capabilities, since they off-load data analysis to a primary lander or higher tiers that have higher-grade computing equipment. Conceptually, a primary lander is a higher-grade computing engine that also acts as a communication relay, much like a planetary interne... | Tier-Scalable Reconnaissance | 0.797706 |
90,653 | Tamagawa numbers The direct Tamagawa number definition works well only for linear algebraic groups. There the Weil conjecture on Tamagawa numbers was eventually proved. For abelian varieties, and in particular the Birch–Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture (q.v. ), the Tamagawa number approach to a local–global principle fails o... | Reduction modulo p | 0.797706 |
90,654 | With a parabolic dish collector, one or more parabolic dishes concentrate solar energy at a single focal point, similar to the way a reflecting telescope focuses starlight, or a dish antenna focuses radio waves. This geometry may be used in solar furnaces and solar power plants. The shape of a parabola means that incom... | Solar thermal collector | 0.797705 |
90,655 | If M has finite composition length k, then u.dim(M) ≤ k with equality exactly when M is a semisimple module. (Lam 1999) A standard result is that a right Noetherian domain is a right Ore domain. In fact, we can recover this result from another theorem attributed to Goldie, which states that the following three conditio... | Uniform module | 0.797705 |
90,656 | Such beam can also target other known isotopes, fusing with the target, to create still further unknown isotopes, for further study. This will allow expansion of the Chart of the Nuclides towards its outer sides, the so-called Nuclear drip line. It will also allow expansion of the Chart towards heavier isotopes, toward... | Facility for Rare Isotope Beams | 0.797705 |
90,657 | The girth of a sphere in any direction equals the circumference of its equator, or of any of its great circles. More generally, if S is a surface of constant width w, then every projection of S is a curve of constant width, with the same width w. All curves of constant width have the same perimeter, the same value πw a... | Girth (geometry) | 0.797705 |
90,658 | Many naturally occurring linear discontinuous operators are closed, a class of operators which share some of the features of continuous operators. It makes sense to ask which linear operators on a given space are closed. The closed graph theorem asserts that an everywhere-defined closed operator on a complete domain is... | Discontinuous linear map | 0.797705 |
90,659 | Most such complexes feature an additional water ligand, giving an overall coordination number of nine.For most transition metals, DOTA functions as a hexadentate ligand, binding through the four nitrogen and two carboxylate centres. The complexes have octahedral coordination geometry, with two pendent carboxylate group... | DOTA (chelator) | 0.797705 |
90,660 | In materials science, cross slip is the process by which a screw dislocation moves from one slip plane to another due to local stresses. It allows non-planar movement of screw dislocations. Non-planar movement of edge dislocations is achieved through climb. Since the Burgers vector of a perfect screw dislocation is par... | Cross Slip | 0.797705 |
90,661 | In his 1913 thesis, he derived the Fokker–Planck equation along with Max Planck. After his military service during World War I he returned to Leiden as Lorentz' and Ehrenfest's assistant. Fokker became a physics teacher at the Gymnasium of Delft after 1918 and was appointed in 1923 as the first professor of Applied Phy... | Fokker organ | 0.797705 |
90,662 | The most popular catalysts are based on iron promoted with K2O, CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3. During the interwar years, alternative processes were developed, most notably the Casale process, Claude process, and the Mont-Cenis process developed by Friedrich Uhde Ingenieurbüro. Luigi Casale and Georges Claude proposed to increa... | Haber-Bosch process | 0.797705 |
90,663 | Nowadays, the most accurate measurements of high-energy Delbrück scattering are performed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) in Novosibirsk (Russia). The experiment where photon splitting was really observed for the first time was also performed at the BINP.Clarification: There are a number of experiment... | Delbrück scattering | 0.797704 |
90,664 | Separability is especially important in numerical analysis and constructive mathematics, since many theorems that can be proved for nonseparable spaces have constructive proofs only for separable spaces. Such constructive proofs can be turned into algorithms for use in numerical analysis, and they are the only sorts of... | Separable (topology) | 0.797704 |
90,665 | The foundation is classified as NTEE T99—Other Philanthropy, Voluntarism, and Grantmaking Foundations N.E.C. Since 1998 the Ellison Medical Foundation has spent hundreds of millions of dollars funding fundamental research on the biology of ageing. $40 million per year was given to 25 Senior Scholars and 25 New Scholars... | Ellison Medical Foundation | 0.797704 |
90,666 | Excalibur was a research project led by Alexander Nareyek featuring any-time planning agents for computer games. The architecture is based on structural constraint satisfaction, which is an advanced artificial intelligence technique. | Action selection | 0.797704 |
90,667 | In mathematical logic, a conservative extension is a supertheory of a theory which is often convenient for proving theorems, but proves no new theorems about the language of the original theory. Similarly, a non-conservative extension is a supertheory which is not conservative, and can prove more theorems than the orig... | Conservative extension | 0.797704 |
90,668 | Biotechnology arose from the field of zymotechnology or zymurgy, which began as a search for a better understanding of industrial fermentation, particularly beer. Beer was an important industrial, and not just social, commodity. In late 19th-century Germany, brewing contributed as much to the gross national product as ... | History of biotechnology | 0.797703 |
90,669 | The idea of a prehomogeneous vector space was introduced by Mikio Sato. It is a finite-dimensional vector space V with a group action of an algebraic group G, such that there is an orbit of G that is open for the Zariski topology (and so, dense). An example is GL(1) acting on a one-dimensional space. The definition is ... | Homogeneous space | 0.797703 |
90,670 | The site was set up in former buildings of the University of Reading's Department of Microbiology. | National Centre for Biotechnology Education | 0.797703 |
90,671 | In software engineering, active reviews for intermediate designs (ARID) is a method to evaluate software architectures, especially on an intermediate level, i.e. for non-finished architectures. It combines aspects from scenario-based design review techniques, such as the architecture tradeoff analysis method (ATAM) and... | Active reviews for intermediate designs | 0.797702 |
90,672 | The citation about Coveney on his election as a FREng says: Coveney "has made outstanding contributions across a wide range of scientific and engineering fields, including physics, chemistry, chemical engineering, materials, computer science, high performance computing and biomedicine, much of it harnessing the power o... | Peter Coveney | 0.797701 |
90,673 | A chirality center (chiral center) is a type of stereocenter. A chirality center is defined as an atom holding a set of four different ligands (atoms or groups of atoms) in a spatial arrangement which is non-superposable on its mirror image. Chirality centers must be sp3 hybridized, meaning that a chirality center can ... | Chiral centers | 0.797701 |
90,674 | In algebra, given a category C with a cotriple, the n-th cotriple homology of an object X in C with coefficients in a functor E is the n-th homotopy group of the E of the augmented simplicial object induced from X by the cotriple. The term "homology" is because in the abelian case, by the Dold–Kan correspondence, the h... | Cotriple homology | 0.797701 |
90,675 | Among other work, he gave explicit bounds for the Chebotarev density theorem, which imply that if one assumes the generalized Riemann hypothesis then ( Z / n Z ) ∗ {\displaystyle \left(\mathbb {Z} /n\mathbb {Z} \right)^{*}} is generated by its elements smaller than 2(log n)2. This result shows that the generalized Riem... | Eric Bach | 0.797701 |
90,676 | He then took a position at Siemens, as director of Research Laboratory II. While there, he continued his work on atomic physics and ultrasound, but he eventually discontinued his work on isotope separation. He held this position until he departed for the Soviet Union in 1945. | Gustav Ludwig Hertz | 0.797701 |
90,677 | Alhazen's contributions to number theory include his work on perfect numbers. In his Analysis and Synthesis, he may have been the first to state that every even perfect number is of the form 2n−1(2n − 1) where 2n − 1 is prime, but he was not able to prove this result; Euler later proved it in the 18th century, and it i... | Ibn al-Haytham | 0.797701 |
90,678 | Sugars for ethanol fermentation can be obtained from cellulose. Deployment of this technology could turn a number of cellulose-containing agricultural by-products, such as corncobs, straw, and sawdust, into renewable energy resources. Other agricultural residues such as sugarcane bagasse and energy crops such as switch... | C2H5OH | 0.797701 |
90,679 | In solid state physics, a superstructure is some additional structure that is superimposed on a higher symmetry crystalline structure. A typical and important example is ferromagnetic ordering. In a wider sense, the term "superstructure" is applied to polymers and proteins to describe ordering on a length scale larger ... | Superstructure (condensed matter) | 0.7977 |
90,680 | One of the trends of recent years has been the humanizing of digital channels, giving a face to things which are not human. This has led to the creation of avatars (also known as bots or chatter-bots) artificial intelligences with which users can “converse”. The success of such bots varies greatly. There are a few who ... | Digital conversation | 0.7977 |
90,681 | Certain regions also do not have enough maternal care clinics that are equipped, willing to treat fistula patients, and adequately staffed. At the Evangelical Hospital of Bemberéke in Benin, only one expatriate volunteer obstetrics and gynecology doctor is available a few months per year, with one certified nurse and s... | Obstetric fistula | 0.7977 |
90,682 | In nonparametric statistics, a kernel is a weighting function used in non-parametric estimation techniques. Kernels are used in kernel density estimation to estimate random variables' density functions, or in kernel regression to estimate the conditional expectation of a random variable. Kernels are also used in time-s... | Epanechnikov kernel | 0.7977 |
90,683 | This correctly estimates the variance, due to the facts that (1) the average of normally distributed random variables is also normally distributed, and (2) the predictive distribution of a normally distributed data point with unknown mean and variance, using conjugate or uninformative priors, has a Student's t-distribu... | Bayesian learning | 0.797699 |
90,684 | Evolutionary developmental biology has assembled evidence from embryology and genetics to show how evolution has acted at all scales from the whole organism down to individual genes, proteins and genetic switches. In the case of countershaded mammals with dark (often brownish) upper parts and lighter (often buff or whi... | Countershading | 0.797699 |
90,685 | Coțofană earned his M.Sc. degree in computer science from Politehnica University of Bucharest, Romania in 1984. He then moved to the Netherlands where he studied electrical engineering at Delft University of Technology, graduating with a Ph.D. in 1998. | Sorin Coțofană | 0.797699 |
90,686 | In theory the stress at the crack tip where the radius is nearly zero, would tend to infinity. This would be considered a stress singularity, which is not possible in real-world applications. For this reason, in numerical studies in the field of fracture mechanics, it is often appropriate to represent cracks as round t... | Fracture Mechanics | 0.797699 |
90,687 | Microbiology was largely ignored by early evolutionary theory. This was due to the paucity of morphological traits and the lack of a species concept in microbiology, particularly amongst prokaryotes. Now, evolutionary researchers are taking advantage of their improved understanding of microbial physiology and ecology, ... | Evolutionary thought | 0.797699 |
90,688 | While stable theories are fundamental in model theory, this section lists applications of stable theories to other areas of mathematics. This list does not aim for completeness, but rather a sense of breadth. Since the theory of differentially closed fields of characteristic 0 is ω {\displaystyle \omega } -stable, ther... | Stability (model theory) | 0.797699 |
90,689 | Albert Lasker Award for Special Achievement in Medical Science from The Lasker Foundation in 1997. Japan Prize for Medical Genetics, for pioneering the field of medical genetics, in 2008 from The Japan Prize Foundation. McKusick–Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Johns Hopkins Hospital named after McKusick and fe... | Victor A. McKusick | 0.797698 |
90,690 | Dissertation) Milgrom, Paul (1979b). "A Convergence Theorem for Competitive Bidding with Differential Information". Econometrica. | Paul Milgrom | 0.797698 |
90,691 | M. Padberg, Linear Optimization and Extensions, Springer-Verlag, 1999. == References == | Manfred W. Padberg | 0.797698 |
90,692 | Chris Anfinsen, Richards's friend and his colleague as editors of Advances in Protein Chemistry and who recommended the Carlsberg Lab to him, was also an avid sailor, and they sometimes joined forces. Wendell Lim wrote that, "a dedicated sailor since childhood, Fred almost always took a month off each summer to captain... | Frederic M. Richards | 0.797698 |
90,693 | Special algorithms have been developed for factorizing large sparse matrices. These algorithms attempt to find sparse factors L and U. Ideally, the cost of computation is determined by the number of nonzero entries, rather than by the size of the matrix. These algorithms use the freedom to exchange rows and columns to ... | LDU decomposition | 0.797698 |
90,694 | Raphael Tsu (born December 27, 1931) is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and is Professor Emeritus of electrical engineering at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC. | Raphael Tsu | 0.797698 |
90,695 | "Chiral Anomalies via Classical and Quantum Functional Methods". International Journal of Modern Physics A. 20 (20–21): 5009. arXiv:hep-th/0410129. | Adler–Bell–Jackiw anomaly | 0.797698 |
90,696 | The method of taking the mean for reducing observation errors was indeed mainly developed in astronomy. A possible precursor to the arithmetic mean is the mid-range (the mean of the two extreme values), used for example in Arabian astronomy of the ninth to eleventh centuries, but also in metallurgy and navigation.Howev... | Average value | 0.797698 |
90,697 | During the last decade, the advance in organic chemistry, enzymatic, metalorganic, and organocatalysis, made it possible not only to improve the process but also to recover some of the waste in order to implement a circular economy process and develop new chemical reactions for biorefinery. | Edible oil refining | 0.797698 |
90,698 | In 1881–1882, Poincaré created a new branch of mathematics: qualitative theory of differential equations. He showed how it is possible to derive the most important information about the behavior of a family of solutions without having to solve the equation (since this may not always be possible). He successfully used t... | Henri Poincaré | 0.797698 |
90,699 | Edward Roberts FRSC., is a British-born American scientist with expertise in biochemistry and synthetic organic chemistry. He is recognized for his significant contributions to medicinal chemistry, the design and discovery of new medicines in the development of novel therapeutics. | Edward Roberts (chemist) | 0.797697 |
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