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90,400 | If k {\displaystyle k} is small, we can solve DLP in J ( C ) {\displaystyle J(C)} by using the index calculus attack in F q k ∗ {\displaystyle \mathbb {F} _{q^{k}}^{*}} . For arbitrary curves k {\displaystyle k} is very large (around the size of q g {\displaystyle q^{g}} ); so even though the index calculus attack is q... | Hyperelliptic curve cryptography | 0.797757 |
90,401 | Similar to Korn and Korn (1961), but uses colatitude θ = 90° - ν instead of latitude ν. Moon PH, Spencer DE (1988). "Prolate Spheroidal Coordinates (η, θ, ψ)". Field Theory Handbook, Including Coordinate Systems, Differential Equations, and Their Solutions (corrected 2nd ed., 3rd print ed.). | Prolate spheroidal coordinates | 0.797757 |
90,402 | John Norris Bahcall (December 30, 1934 – August 17, 2005) was an American astrophysicist and the Richard Black Professor for Astrophysics at the Institute for Advanced Study. He was known for a wide range of contributions to solar, galactic and extragalactic astrophysics, including the solar neutrino problem, the devel... | John N. Bahcall | 0.797756 |
90,403 | Since 2002 he is one of three senior professors at the School of Theoretical Physics at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies and since 2007 its director. He is a foreign member of the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in Bonn. In the 1970s he worked with elementary theory, for example, bootstrap models (the sub... | Werner Nahm | 0.797756 |
90,404 | As such, although the computer allowed the industry to become more efficient, it prevented a fundamental re-haul of the system.Despite working so closely with computers for many years, Weizenbaum frequently worried about the negative effects they would have on the world, particularly with regards to the military, calli... | Joseph Weizenbaum | 0.797756 |
90,405 | His learning RNN was popularised by John Hopfield in 1982.McCulloch and Pitts (1943) also created a computational model for neural networks based on mathematics and algorithms. They called this model threshold logic. These early models paved the way for neural network research to split into two distinct approaches. | Neural networks | 0.797756 |
90,406 | State-specified tagged structural relations and links: A structural relation between a state of an object or value of an attribute and another object or its state or value, meaning that these two entities are associated with the tag expressing the semantics of the association. In case of a null tag (i.e., the tag is no... | Object Process Methodology | 0.797756 |
90,407 | A survey of linear topological geometries is given in Chapter 23 of the Handbook of incidence geometry. The most extensively investigated topological linear geometries are those which are also dual topological linear geometries. Such geometries are known as topological projective planes. | Topological geometry | 0.797756 |
90,408 | Hamilton looked into the solution of the quintic in the theory of equations, examining the results arrived at by Niels Henrik Abel, George Jerrard and others in their researches. There is Hamilton's paper on fluctuating functions in Fourier analysis, and the invention of the hodograph. Of his investigations into the so... | William Rowan Hamilton | 0.797756 |
90,409 | 190 – c. 120 BC) is considered the founder of trigonometry and also solved several problems of spherical trigonometry. He was the first whose quantitative and accurate models for the motion of the Sun and Moon survive. | Timeline of ancient Greek mathematicians | 0.797755 |
90,410 | He did not explicitly connect the method with derivatives or present a general formula. Newton applied this method to both numerical and algebraic problems, producing Taylor series in the latter case. Newton may have derived his method from a similar, less precise method by Vieta. | Newton–Raphson iteration | 0.797755 |
90,411 | The effect of the introduction of the new symbolism was not restricted to algebra. With it, mathematicians at that time became able to express mathematical results in more general and abstract way. They concentrated on the study of elimination of variables. | Seki Takakazu | 0.797755 |
90,412 | The problem was thought to be insoluble, but in tackling it Szilard recognized the connection between thermodynamics and information theory. Szilard was appointed as assistant to von Laue at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in 1924. In 1927 he finished his habilitation and became a Privatdozent (private lecturer) ... | Leo Szilard | 0.797754 |
90,413 | The bedding that contains these dipping layers is only one to two centimeters (0.4 to 0.8 inches) thick. In the upper right corner of the rock, layers also dip to the right, but exhibit a weak "concave-up" geometry. These two features—the thin, cross-stratified bedding combined with the possible concave geometry—sugges... | Last Chance (Mars) | 0.797754 |
90,414 | However, this article laid the foundation for using the 2-sample variance as a way of comparing other M-sample variances. James Barnes significantly extended the work on bias functions, introducing the modern B1 and B2 bias functions. Curiously enough, it refers to the M-sample variance as "Allan variance", while refer... | Allan variance | 0.797754 |
90,415 | Studies with human pharmacology and genetics, genetically manipulated rodents, and other animal models and randomized trials indicate that this is due to suppression of PTGS2 (COX-2)-dependent cardioprotective prostaglandins, prostacyclin in particular.The expression of PTGS2 (COX-2) is upregulated in many cancers. The... | Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 | 0.797754 |
90,416 | Adult or general genetics clinics serve patients who are diagnosed with genetic conditions that begin to show signs or symptoms in adulthood. Many genetic conditions have varying ages of onset, ranging from an infantile form to an adult form. Genetic counseling can facilitate the decision-making process by providing th... | Genetic counselling | 0.797754 |
90,417 | LFP chemistry offers a considerably longer cycle life than other lithium-ion chemistries. Under most conditions it supports more than 3,000 cycles, and under optimal conditions it supports more than 10,000 cycles. NMC batteries support about 1,000 to 2,300 cycles, depending on conditions.LFP cells experience a slower r... | Lithium iron phosphate batteries | 0.797754 |
90,418 | Tagged unions are most important in functional programming languages such as ML and Haskell, where they are called datatypes (see algebraic data type) and the compiler is able to verify that all cases of a tagged union are always handled, avoiding many types of errors. They can, however, be constructed in nearly any pr... | Variant record | 0.797753 |
90,419 | The FITS Liberator software is used by imaging scientists at the European Space Agency, the European Southern Observatory and NASA. The SAOImage DS9 Astronomical Data Visualization Application is available for many OSs, and handles images and headers.Many scientific computing environments make use of the coordinate sys... | Flexible Image Transport System | 0.797753 |
90,420 | In 1771, Joseph-Louis Lagrange published an addendum titled Additions to Euler's Elements of Algebra, which featured a number of important mathematical results. The original German title of the book was Vollständige Anleitung zur Algebra, which literally translates to Complete Instruction to Algebra. Two English transl... | Elements of Algebra | 0.797753 |
90,421 | (1884/1885), "On the Algebra of Logic: A Contribution to the Philosophy of Notation", two parts, first part published 1885 in American Journal of Mathematics v. 7, n. | Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography | 0.797752 |
90,422 | For this work, they were awarded the Lenin Prize in 1976.In 1983, Aitkhozhin founded the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. In 1987, he organized the Kazakh Agricultural Biotechnology Center, where work is carried out on cell and genetic engineering of plants. ... | Murat Aitkhozhin | 0.797752 |
90,423 | To overcome this issue, in 2015 Okuniewski et al. developed parameter τ4′ that adopts values similar to τ4 but better differentiates the examined structures: τ 4 ′ = β − α 360 ∘ − θ + 180 ∘ − β 180 ∘ − θ ≈ − 0.00399 α − 0.01019 β + 2.55 {\displaystyle \tau _{4}'={\frac {\beta -\alpha }{360^{\circ }-\theta }}+{\frac {18... | Geometry index | 0.797752 |
90,424 | Designing postpartum technologies by and for mothers using feminist HCI Catherine D'Ignazio et al.'s work highlights participation, advocacy, and ecology to improve breast pump technologies. By getting input from more than 1000 mothers, researchers put forth a number of improvements that could be made to the breast pum... | Feminist HCI | 0.797752 |
90,425 | In molecular biology, this protein domain represents Tbf5 which stands for TTDA subunit of TFIIH basal transcription factor complex (also known as subunit 5 of RNA polymerase II transcription factor B), and Rex1 a type of nucleotide excision repair (NER) proteins. Nucleotide excision repair is a major pathway for repai... | Tbf5 protein domain | 0.797752 |
90,426 | Kulkarni's researches were mainly in the fields of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Applied Mathematics and Transport phenomena and he is known for his work on fluidized bed reactors and chemical reactors. He is credited with introducing an integer-solution approach and novel ideas on noise-induced transitions and his wo... | B. D. Kulkarni | 0.797752 |
90,427 | Biological factors consist of anything physical that can cause adverse effects on a person's mental health. Biological factors include genetics, prenatal damage, infections, exposure to toxins, brain defects or injuries, and substance abuse. Many professionals believe that the cause of mental disorders is the biology o... | Causes of mental disorders | 0.797752 |
90,428 | Culturomics is a form of computational lexicology that studies human behavior and cultural trends through the quantitative analysis of digitized texts. Researchers data mine large digital archives to investigate cultural phenomena reflected in language and word usage. The term is an American neologism first described i... | Digital Humanities | 0.797752 |
90,429 | Some of the key ingredients of nylon had to be produced using high pressure chemistry, the main area of expertise of the Ammonia Department. Nylon was considered a "godsend to the Ammonia Department", which had been in financial difficulties. The reactants of nylon soon constituted half of the Ammonia Department's sale... | Nylon | 0.79775 |
90,430 | The confederate effect is the phenomena of people falsely classifying human intelligence as machine (or artificial) intelligence during Turing tests. For example, in the Loebner Prize during which a tester conducts a text exchange with one human and one artificial-intelligence chatbot and is tasked to identify which is... | Confederate effect | 0.79775 |
90,431 | While the term "Scott domain" is widely used with the above definition, the term "domain" does not have such a generally accepted meaning and different authors will use different definitions; Scott himself used "domain" for the structures now called "Scott domains". Additionally, Scott domains appear with other names l... | Scott domain | 0.797749 |
90,432 | Due to the introduction of instant messaging (IM) in contact centers, agents can handle up to 6 different IM conversations at the same time, which increases agent productivity. IVR technology is being used to automate IM conversations using existing natural language processing software. This differs from email handling... | Interactive Voice Response | 0.797749 |
90,433 | In cryptography, DECIM is a stream cypher algorithm designed by Come Berbain, Olivier Billet, Anne Canteaut, Nicolas Courtois, Blandine Debraize, Henri Gilbert, Louis Goubin, Aline Gouget, Louis Granboulan, Cédric Lauradoux, Marine Minier, Thomas Pornin and Hervé Sibert.DECIM algorithm was partly patented but its autho... | DECIM | 0.797749 |
90,434 | Additive manufacturing or 3D printing has rapidly gained importance in the field of engineering due to its many benefits. Some of these benefits include enabling faster prototyping, reducing manufacturing costs, increasing product customization, and improving product quality.Furthermore, the capabilities of 3D printing... | Desktop manufacturing | 0.797749 |
90,435 | IPOPT, short for "Interior Point OPTimizer, pronounced I-P-Opt", is a software library for large scale nonlinear optimization of continuous systems. It is written in Fortran and C and is released under the EPL (formerly CPL). IPOPT implements a primal-dual interior point method, and uses line searches based on Filter m... | IPOPT | 0.797749 |
90,436 | Oort was studying stellar motions in the local galactic neighborhood and found the mass in the galactic plane must be greater than what was observed, but this measurement was later determined to be erroneous.In 1933, Swiss astrophysicist Fritz Zwicky, who studied galaxy clusters while working at the California Institut... | Dark Matter | 0.797749 |
90,437 | If S {\displaystyle S} is an IP set and S = C 1 ∪ C 2 ∪ ⋯ ∪ C n {\displaystyle S=C_{1}\cup C_{2}\cup \cdots \cup C_{n}} , then at least one C i {\displaystyle C_{i}} is an IP set. This is known as Hindman's theorem or the finite sums theorem. In different terms, Hindman's theorem states that the class of IP sets is par... | IP set | 0.797749 |
90,438 | Goldreich, Oded (2006). "On Promise Problems (a survey)". Theoretical Computer Science: Essays in memory of Shimon Even. LNCS. | Promise problem | 0.797749 |
90,439 | In organic chemistry, a nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group. The prefix cyano- is used interchangeably with the term nitrile in industrial literature. Nitriles are found in many useful compounds, including methyl cyanoacrylate, used in super glue, and nitrile rubber, a nitrile-containing po... | −C≡N | 0.797748 |
90,440 | Using a q {\displaystyle _{q}} linear block code, one can prove that there exists a permutation code in the symmetric group of degree n {\displaystyle n} , having minimum distance at least d {\displaystyle d} and large cardinality. A lower bound for permutation codes that provides asymptotic improvements in certain re... | Permutation codes | 0.797748 |
90,441 | The best case is when the Torelli theorem holds, meaning that the variety is determined up to isomorphism by its Hodge structure. Finally, Hodge theory gives information about the Chow group of algebraic cycles on a given variety. The Hodge conjecture is about the image of the cycle map from Chow groups to ordinary coh... | Hodge decomposition | 0.797748 |
90,442 | and used in materials science and surface science. Recent developments are focusing on novel primary ion species like C60+, ionized clusters of gold and bismuth, or large gas cluster ion beams (e.g., Ar700+). The sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) is a large-diameter, double-focusing SIMS sector instrume... | Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry | 0.797748 |
90,443 | The proof of the scallop theorem can be represented in a mathematically elegant way. To do this, we must first understand the mathematical consequences of the linearity of Stokes equations. To summarize, the linearity of Stokes equations allows us to use the reciprocal theorem to relate the swimming velocity of the swi... | Scallop theorem | 0.797748 |
90,444 | The Radio Astronomy section started in 1980 and it has been steadily evolving into an active group of people interested in detecting that part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is invisible to the human eye. In 2013 the ASV acquired an 8.5 metre (28 ft) dish antenna. Two years later saw the dish assembled and placed... | Astronomical Society of Victoria | 0.797748 |
90,445 | PGE's October 2018 press release stated that the test bed project "aims to accelerate PGE’s vision for a clean energy future through partnering with customers to decarbonize the grid". The test bed includes three smart grids to serve more than 20,000 customers. The test bed will make additional renewable energy sources... | Home energy upgrades from public utilities | 0.797748 |
90,446 | Bohr designed his own coat of arms which featured a taijitu (symbol of yin and yang) and a motto in Latin: contraria sunt complementa, "opposites are complementary".The Second World War demonstrated that science, and physics in particular, now required considerable financial and material resources. To avoid a brain dra... | Niels Bohr | 0.797748 |
90,447 | A Jordan curve or a simple closed curve in the plane R2 is the image C of an injective continuous map of a circle into the plane, φ: S1 → R2. A Jordan arc in the plane is the image of an injective continuous map of a closed and bounded interval into the plane. It is a plane curve that is not necessarily smooth nor alg... | Simple closed curve | 0.797747 |
90,448 | The partitioning system interacts with the septation apparatus to ensure that each daughter receives a copy of the plasmid. Many biotechnology applications utilize mutated plasmids that replicate to high copy number. | Plasmid copy number | 0.797747 |
90,449 | Liu graduated from Fudan University of Shanghai, China with B.Sc degree in electrical engineering in 1988 and obtained master's degree at Portland State University. By 1995 he completed his Ph.D. in the same field as well from the University of Texas at Austin. From September of the same year till July 1998 Liu worked ... | Hui Liu | 0.797747 |
90,450 | The ASCB Early Career Life Scientist Award is awarded by the American Society for Cell Biology to an outstanding scientist who earned his doctorate no more than 12 years earlier and who has served as an independent investigator for no more than seven years. The winner speaks at the ASCB Annual Meeting and receives a mo... | Early Career Life Scientist Award | 0.797747 |
90,451 | Pandemonium architecture is a theory in cognitive science that describes how visual images are processed by the brain. It has applications in artificial intelligence and pattern recognition. The theory was developed by the artificial intelligence pioneer Oliver Selfridge in 1959. | Pandemonium architecture | 0.797747 |
90,452 | The Society of Actuaries' requirements for Associateship (ASA) include passing 6 preliminary examinations (probability, financial mathematics, fundamentals of actuarial mathematics, statistics for risk modeling, predictive analytics, and one from either advanced long-term actuarial mathematics or advanced short-term ac... | Actuarial credentialing and exams | 0.797746 |
90,453 | In 1989, Kamen founded FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology), an organization intended to build students' interests in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In 1992, working with MIT Professor Emeritus Woodie Flowers, Kamen created the FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC), wh... | Dean Kamen | 0.797746 |
90,454 | In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-infinite-7 heptagonal honeycomb (or 7,∞,7 honeycomb) is a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {7,∞,7}. It has seven infinite-order heptagonal tilings, {7,∞}, around each edge. All vertices are ultra-ideal (existing beyond the ideal boun... | Order-infinite-3 triangular honeycomb | 0.797746 |
90,455 | In mathematics, a square-difference-free set is a set of natural numbers, no two of which differ by a square number. Hillel Furstenberg and András Sárközy proved in the late 1970s the Furstenberg–Sárközy theorem of additive number theory showing that, in a certain sense, these sets cannot be very large. In the game of ... | Square-difference-free set | 0.797746 |
90,456 | In geometry, the truncated octahedron is the Archimedean solid that arises from a regular octahedron by removing six pyramids, one at each of the octahedron's vertices. The truncated octahedron has 14 faces (8 regular hexagons and 6 squares), 36 edges, and 24 vertices. Since each of its faces has point symmetry the tru... | Truncated octahedra | 0.797745 |
90,457 | The opponent color theory can be applied to computer vision and implemented as the Gaussian color model and the natural-vision-processing model. | Opponent process | 0.797745 |
90,458 | Without Walpole's effort towards defending the work that his team had done in discovering a possibly revolutionary source for breast cancer treatment, tamoxifen could have become a discarded or under-researched idea. Walpole's team consisted of Dora Richardson and G. A. Snow, who worked on the chemistry portion of the ... | Tamoxifen | 0.797745 |
90,459 | Polynomial function: defined by evaluating a polynomial. Rational function: ratio of two polynomial functions. In particular, Möbius transformation called also linear fractional function. Algebraic function: defined as the root of a polynomial equation. | List of types of functions | 0.797745 |
90,460 | His chief criticism, however, was that by the 1990s the book no longer had an audience, since "the Victorial ideal of the educated middle class has vanished into the wasteland of broken families, double digit unemployment and a damaged educational system". All the same, he found the book "of value and beauty (except pe... | Microbes and Man | 0.797744 |
90,461 | Lithotrophic microbes are responsible for the phenomenon known as acid mine drainage. Typically occurring in mining areas, this process concerns the active metabolism of pyrites and other reduced sulfur components to sulfate. One example is the acidophilic bacterial genus, A. ferrooxidans, that use iron(II) sulfide (Fe... | Lithotroph | 0.797744 |
90,462 | Later in the body of his paper he says: Unfortunately this powerful and momentous conception of Hamilton is deprived, in most modern reproductions, of its beautiful raiment as a superfluous accessory, in favour of a more colourless representation of the analytical correspondence. Quantitative and formal analysis based ... | Hamilton's optico-mechanical analogy | 0.797744 |
90,463 | Several software packages implement portions of the theoretical body of numerical algebraic geometry. These include, in alphabetic order: alphaCertified Bertini Hom4PS HomotopyContinuation.jl Macaulay2 (core implementation of homotopy tracking and NumericalAlgebraicGeometry package) PHCPack | Homotopy continuation | 0.797743 |
90,464 | The theorem is essentially equivalent to saying that the Brauer group of a finite field is trivial. In fact, this characterization immediately yields a proof of the theorem as follows: let k be a finite field. Since the Herbrand quotient vanishes by finiteness, Br ( k ) = H 2 ( k al / k ) {\displaystyle \operatorname... | Wedderburn theorem | 0.797743 |
90,465 | Between 1845 and 1849, Sims performed dozens of surgeries, without anesthesia, on at least 12 enslaved women. In these experiments, Sims developed a technique to repair fistula and in the process invented the duckbill speculum. These experiments, and the development of the modern specula, led some to regard Sims as the... | Speculum (medical) | 0.797743 |
90,466 | Examples in horticulture would be the grouping of plants, and naming of these groups, according to their properties and uses: annuals, biennials and perennials (nature of life cycle); vegetables, fruits, culinary herbs and spices (culinary use); herbs, trees and shrubs (growth habit); wild and cultivated plants (whethe... | Scientific nomenclature | 0.797743 |
90,467 | Wiley. New York, 1966. Fogel, Lawrence J. Progress in Biomedical Engineering. | Lawrence J. Fogel | 0.797743 |
90,468 | In computational geometry, the farthest-first traversal of a compact metric space is a sequence of points in the space, where the first point is selected arbitrarily and each successive point is as far as possible from the set of previously-selected points. The same concept can also be applied to a finite set of geomet... | Farthest-first traversal | 0.797743 |
90,469 | National Research Council committee that wrote the influential "Frontiers in Chemical Engineering" report. He was the U.S. editor of Chemical Engineering Science from 1955 to 1972. | Neal Amundson | 0.797742 |
90,470 | A spatial query is a special type of database query supported by spatial databases, including geodatabases. The queries differ from non-spatial SQL queries in several important ways. Two of the most important are that they allow for the use of geometry data types such as points, lines and polygons and that these querie... | Geographic database | 0.797742 |
90,471 | An acute triangle (or acute-angled triangle) is a triangle with three acute angles (less than 90°). An obtuse triangle (or obtuse-angled triangle) is a triangle with one obtuse angle (greater than 90°) and two acute angles. Since a triangle's angles must sum to 180° in Euclidean geometry, no Euclidean triangle can have... | Acute and obtuse triangles | 0.797742 |
90,472 | Gade studied experimental nuclear physics at the University of Cologne, working there with Peter von Brentano. She earned a diploma in 1998, and completed her doctorate (Dr. rer. nat.) | Alexandra Gade | 0.797742 |
90,473 | Ultimately, by constructing a list of such strategies for discovery, Darden hopes that scientists can use them to solve present theoretical problems that contemporary science encounters. As such, she advises scientists to use them, calling her model "advisory" (rather than "descriptive" or "normative"). Darden has also... | Lindley Darden | 0.797742 |
90,474 | Being a journalist, Keswani initially knew nothing about the chemistry and composition of the chemicals or their behaviour. His conviction that the Union Carbide Bhopal plant was headed for disaster grew out of two small pieces of information that he happened to read independently. One was in a Union Carbide report tha... | Rajkumar Keswani | 0.797741 |
90,475 | He directed the Science, Technology and Human Values Program at Duke University from 1997 to 2005. Beginning in 2005, he has been adjunct Professor of Engineering Ethics at Duke University, with a joint appointment in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and the Trinity School of Arts and Sciences. He... | Daniel A. Vallero | 0.797741 |
90,476 | These results show that computation can be incorporated into the assembly of DNA arrays.DX arrays have been made to form hollow nanotubes 4–20 nm in diameter, essentially two-dimensional lattices which curve back upon themselves. These DNA nanotubes are somewhat similar in size and shape to carbon nanotubes, and while ... | DNA nanotube | 0.797741 |
90,477 | Declaration of Human Rights and the Chemical Weapons Conventions, address only the use of certain chemical agents and are not regulating the fast-paced evolution of recent advancements in cognitive science research. Due to this ambiguity and the potential of technology misuse, it has become increasingly pressing to add... | Neurolaw | 0.797741 |
90,478 | Maureen L. Condic is an American neurobiology professor, bioethicist, ombudsman, and appointee to the United States's National Science Board currently at the University of Utah. | Maureen L. Condic | 0.797741 |
90,479 | This can also be expressed by requiring that U be onto and ⟨Ux, Uy⟩ = ⟨x, y⟩ for all x, y ∈ H. The unitary operators form a group under composition, which is the isometry group of H. An element of B(H) is compact if it sends bounded sets to relatively compact sets. Equivalently, a bounded operator T is compact if, for ... | Hilbert Space | 0.797741 |
90,480 | ), Fitness of the Cosmos for Life: Biochemistry and Fine-Tuning, Cambridge University Press, 2007. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511536557.020 Morowitz, Harold J., Smith, Eric, Srinivasan, Vijayasarathi (2008). “Selfish Metabolism”, Complexity, Vol. | Harold J. Morowitz | 0.79774 |
90,481 | In biochemistry, intercalation is the insertion of molecules between the planar bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This process is used as a method for analyzing DNA and it is also the basis of certain kinds of poisoning. There are several ways molecules (in this case, also known as ligands) can interact with DNA. L... | DNA intercalation | 0.79774 |
90,482 | Risch called it a decision procedure, because it is a method for deciding whether a function has an elementary function as an indefinite integral, and if it does, for determining that indefinite integral. However, the algorithm does not always succeed in identifying whether or not the antiderivative of a given function... | Risch–Norman algorithm | 0.79774 |
90,483 | Katepalli Raju Sreenivasan is an aerospace scientist, fluid dynamicist, and applied physicist whose research includes physics and applied mathematics. He studies turbulence, nonlinear and statistical physics, astrophysical fluid mechanics, and cryogenic helium. He was the dean of engineering and executive vice provost ... | K. R. Sreenivasan | 0.79774 |
90,484 | In organic chemistry, a staggered conformation is a chemical conformation of an ethane-like moiety abcX–Ydef in which the substituents a, b, and c are at the maximum distance from d, e, and f; this requires the torsion angles to be 60°. It is the opposite of an eclipsed conformation, in which those substituents are as ... | Staggered conformation | 0.797739 |
90,485 | F. Riesz's theorem (named after Frigyes Riesz) is an important theorem in functional analysis that states that a Hausdorff topological vector space (TVS) is finite-dimensional if and only if it is locally compact. The theorem and its consequences are used ubiquitously in functional analysis, often used without being ex... | F. Riesz's theorem | 0.797739 |
90,486 | The above theorem can be used to extend a bounded linear transformation T: S → Y {\displaystyle T:S\to Y} to a bounded linear transformation from S ¯ = X {\displaystyle {\bar {S}}=X} to Y , {\displaystyle Y,} if S {\displaystyle S} is dense in X . {\displaystyle X.} If S {\displaystyle S} is not dense in X , {\displays... | Continuous linear extension | 0.797739 |
90,487 | A technical review of The Extended Phenotype in the Quarterly Review of Biology states that, it is an “interesting and thought provoking book, once one gets to the last five chapters.” In the reviewer’s opinion, the book poses interesting questions, such as « What is the survival value of packaging life into discrete u... | Extended phenotype | 0.797738 |
90,488 | Kevles, Daniel J. (1985). In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity. | Eugenics movement | 0.797738 |
90,489 | In Alfred North Whitehead's book A Treatise on Universal Algebra, published in 1898, the term universal algebra had essentially the same meaning that it has today. Whitehead credits William Rowan Hamilton and Augustus De Morgan as originators of the subject matter, and James Joseph Sylvester with coining the term itsel... | Universal algebra | 0.797738 |
90,490 | Meta-research in the following decades found many methodological flaws, inefficiencies, and poor practices in research across numerous scientific fields. Many scientific studies could not be reproduced, particularly in medicine and the soft sciences. The term "replication crisis" was coined in the early 2010s as part o... | Metascience | 0.797737 |
90,491 | As a result of the enormously refined extraction and analytical chemistry over the years, chemists and biologists identified numerous other pheromones. For the detection of the second component of the pheromone cocktail of Bombyx mori, the bombycal , an extract of 460 glands from which 15 nanograms of the aldehyde were... | Insect pheromones | 0.797737 |
90,492 | The real Clifford algebra and its complexification act on the complexification of A, an N-dimensional complex space. If N is even, N − 1 is odd, so the Clifford algebra has exactly two complex irreducible representations of dimension 2N/2 − 1. So this power of 2 must divide N. It is easy to see that this implies N can ... | Euclidean Hurwitz algebra | 0.797737 |
90,493 | For a more advanced example reminiscent of the discrete topology, suppose that U {\displaystyle {\mathcal {U}}} is an ultrafilter on a non-empty set X . {\displaystyle X.} | Open region | 0.797737 |
90,494 | In computer science, a simulation is a computation of the execution of some appropriately modelled state-transition system. Typically this process models the complete state of the system at individual points in a discrete linear time frame, computing each state sequentially from its predecessor. Models for computer pro... | Symbolic simulation | 0.797737 |
90,495 | In Euclidean geometry, Varignon's theorem holds that the midpoints of the sides of an arbitrary quadrilateral form a parallelogram, called the Varignon parallelogram. It is named after Pierre Varignon, whose proof was published posthumously in 1731. | Varignon parallelogram | 0.797736 |
90,496 | Lamarck referred to a tendency for organisms to become more complex, moving "up" a ladder of progress. He referred to this phenomenon as Le pouvoir de la vie or la force qui tend sans cesse à composer l'organisation (The force that perpetually tends to make order). Lamarck believed in the ongoing spontaneous generation... | Inherent progressive tendency | 0.797736 |
90,497 | Finsler wrote to Gödel in 1931 to inform him about this paper, which Finsler felt had priority for an incompleteness theorem. Finsler's methods did not rely on formalized provability, and had only a superficial resemblance to Gödel's work (van Heijenoort 1967, p. 328). | Incompleteness of formalized arithmetic | 0.797736 |
90,498 | When the amount of one factor of production increases, the production of the good that uses that particular production factor intensively increases relative to the increase in the factor of production, as the H–O model assumes perfect competition where price is equal to the costs of factors of production. This theorem ... | Heckscher–Ohlin model | 0.797735 |
90,499 | Toluene can be used to break open red blood cells in order to extract hemoglobin in biochemistry experiments. Toluene has also been used as a coolant for its good heat transfer capabilities in sodium cold traps used in nuclear reactor system loops. Toluene had also been used in the process of removing the cocaine from ... | Toluene | 0.797735 |
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