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92,200 | The method works if the price adjusts fast and capacity adjustment is comparatively slow. The mathematical background is provided by the Moving equilibrium theorem. In physics, the method is known as scale separation, | Temporary equilibrium method | 0.797398 |
92,201 | In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Balaban 10-cage or Balaban (3,10)-cage is a 3-regular graph with 70 vertices and 105 edges named after Alexandru T. Balaban. Published in 1972, It was the first 10-cage discovered but it is not unique.The complete list of 10-cages and the proof of minimality was given by M... | Balaban 10-cage | 0.797398 |
92,202 | However, the biology of the weed must be considered before mowing. Some weed species may sprout with increased vigor after being mowed. Also, some species are able to re-sprout from stem or root segments that are left behind after mowing. | Mechanical weed control | 0.797397 |
92,203 | The problem with turbulent diffusion in the atmosphere and beyond is that there is no single model drawn from fundamental physics that explains all its significant aspects. There are two alternative approaches with non-overlapping areas of utility. According to the gradient transport theory, the diffusion flux at a fix... | Eddy diffusion | 0.797397 |
92,204 | These two terms were first undifferentiated, but PbE then tended to be mostly adopted by software development researchers while PbD tended to be adopted by robotics researchers. Today, PbE refers to an entirely different concept, supported by new programming languages that are similar to simulators. This framework can ... | Programming by Demonstration | 0.797397 |
92,205 | Cognitive systems engineering (CSE) is a specific approach to the description and analysis of human-machine systems or sociotechnical systems. The three main themes of CSE are how humans cope with complexity, how work is accomplished by the use of artifacts, and how human-machine systems and socio-technical systems can... | Engineering systems | 0.797397 |
92,206 | The priority rule came into existence before or as soon as modern scientific methods were established. For example, the earliest documented controversy was a bitter claim between Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in the 17th century about priority in the invention of calculus. This particular incidence clearly... | Priority dispute | 0.797397 |
92,207 | Some precautionists believe that artificial intelligence and robotics present possibilities of alternative forms of cognition that may threaten human life.Transhumanists do not necessarily rule out specific restrictions on emerging technologies so as to lessen the prospect of existential risk. Generally, however, they ... | Transhumanism | 0.797397 |
92,208 | The PCP theorem is the culmination of a long line of work on interactive proofs and probabilistically checkable proofs. The first theorem relating standard proofs and probabilistically checkable proofs is the statement that NEXP ⊆ PCP, proved by Babai, Fortnow & Lund (1990). | PCP theorem | 0.797396 |
92,209 | Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite was a NASA-led mission launched on September 12, 1991. The 5,900 kg (13,000 lb) satellite was deployed from the Space Shuttle Discovery during the STS-48 mission on 15 September 1991. It was the first multi-instrumented satellite to study various aspects of the Earth's atmosphere and... | Space research | 0.797396 |
92,210 | Upon treatment with Lewis bases, CuBr converts to molecular adducts. For example, with dimethyl sulfide, the colorless complex is formed: CuBr + S(CH3)2 → CuBr(S(CH3)2)In this coordination complex, the copper is two-coordinate, with a linear geometry. | Copper(I) bromide | 0.797396 |
92,211 | The protocol may be run with less than fully connected secret sharing graphs, which can improve the performance and scalability of practical DC-net implementations, at the potential risk of reducing anonymity if colluding participants can split the secret sharing graph into separate connected components. For example, a... | Dining cryptographers problem | 0.797396 |
92,212 | Thus, the value of the qubit is not between 1 and 0, but changes depending on when it is measured. This trait of qubits is known as quantum entanglement, and is the core idea of quantum computing that allows quantum computers to do large scale computations. Quantum computing is often used for scientific research in cas... | Computing technology | 0.797396 |
92,213 | An alternative considered likely by some is that oil will be replaced with renewable energy during the first half of the 21st century. The replacement fuel would likely be hydrogen. A hydrogen economy would then replace the current oil-based economy. Another possible replacement fuel is biogas, which is composed of met... | Depletion of oil | 0.797396 |
92,214 | Phosphorus-32 has important uses in medicine, biochemistry and molecular biology. It only exists naturally on earth in very small amounts and its short half-life means useful quantities have to be produced synthetically. Phosphorus-32 can be generated synthetically by irradiation of sulfur-32 with moderately fast neutr... | Phosphorus-32 | 0.797396 |
92,215 | The variable-geometry exhaust nozzle, developed by SNECMA, consisted of two "eyelids" which varied their position in the exhaust flow dependent on the flight regime; for example, when fully-closed (into the exhaust flow), they acted as thrust-reversers, aiding deceleration from landing to taxi speed. In the fully-open ... | Pressure recovery | 0.797396 |
92,216 | The idea of a function began emerging with Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī, but algebra did not decisively move to the dynamic function stage until Gottfried Leibniz. Abstract stage, where mathematical structure plays a central role. Abstract algebra is largely a product of the 19th and 20th centuries. | Syncopated algebra | 0.797395 |
92,217 | Christina Smolke is an American synthetic biologist whose primary research is in the use of yeast to produce opioids for medical use. She is a Full Professor of Bioengineering and of Chemical Engineering at Stanford University. She is the editor of The metabolic pathway engineering handbook (2010). She is an advisory b... | Christina Smolke | 0.797395 |
92,218 | The Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility (commonly known as ASTROMAG) is a NASA project that was designed to investigate anti-matter. It consisted of a series of experiments which would culminate in an experiment launched in 1995 to be externally attached to the Freedom Space Station | Particle Astrophysics Magnet Facility | 0.797395 |
92,219 | In 1980, he was appointed lecturer at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST). In 1983, he was appointed lecturer and then reader in theoretical chemistry at the University of Cambridge, where he was fellow and senior tutor of Magdalene College. In 1996, he was made director of the Cent... | David Clary | 0.797395 |
92,220 | Process algebra has been studied for discrete time and continuous time (real time or dense time). | Sequential composition | 0.797395 |
92,221 | Many mapping spaces are ANRs. In particular, let Y be an ANR with a closed subspace A that is an ANR, and let X be any compact metrizable space with a closed subspace B. Then the space ( Y , A ) ( X , B ) {\textstyle \left(Y,A\right)^{\left(X,B\right)}} of maps of pairs ( X , B ) → ( Y , A ) {\textstyle \left(X,B\right... | Deformation retraction | 0.797395 |
92,222 | As historian of science Simon Schaffer writes, it "has been seen as a branch of physics, or chemistry, or natural philosophy, or some highly idiosyncratic version of Priestley's own invention". Furthermore, the volumes were both a scientific and a political enterprise for Priestley, in which he argues that science coul... | Joseph Priestley | 0.797395 |
92,223 | iMKL is a freeware and proprietary vendor library optimized for x86 and x86-64 with a performance emphasis on Intel processors. OpenBLAS is an open-source library that is hand-optimized for many of the popular architectures. The LINPACK benchmarks rely heavily on the BLAS routine gemm for its performance measurements. ... | General Matrix Multiply | 0.797395 |
92,224 | Wood received dual undergraduate degrees in biology and chemical engineering from the California Institute of Technology in 1990. He worked as an undergraduate in the lab led by Frances H. Arnold. He earned his Ph.D. in chemical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 2000. His doctoral co-advisors were Ge... | David W. Wood | 0.797395 |
92,225 | Plektons are theoretical kind of particle discussed as a generalization of the braid statistics of the anyon to more than two dimensions. Polaritons are mixtures of photons with other quasi-particles. Polarons are moving, charged (quasi-) particles that are surrounded by ions in a material. Skyrmions are a topological ... | Composite particle | 0.797394 |
92,226 | If p and 2p + 1 are both prime (meaning that p is a Sophie Germain prime), and p is congruent to 3 (mod 4), then 2p + 1 divides 2p − 1.Example: 11 and 23 are both prime, and 11 = 2 × 4 + 3, so 23 divides 211 − 1. Proof: Let q be 2p + 1. By Fermat's little theorem, 22p ≡ 1 (mod q), so either 2p ≡ 1 (mod q) or 2p ≡ −1 (m... | Mersenne primes | 0.797394 |
92,227 | The Office of Regulatory Affairs operates thirteen field laboratories. The field science laboratories were historically part of the FDA districts infrastructure but are now independent entities. ORA has five regional, six district, and two specialty laboratories such as the Forensic Chemistry Center (FCC) and the Winch... | Office of Global Regulatory Operations and Policy | 0.797394 |
92,228 | The Banach–Alaoglu may be proven by using Tychonoff's theorem, which under the Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZF) axiomatic framework is equivalent to the axiom of choice. Most mainstream functional analysis relies on ZF + the axiom of choice, which is often denoted by ZFC. However, the theorem does not rely upon the axi... | Banach–Alaoglu theorem | 0.797394 |
92,229 | Estimation statistics, or simply estimation, is a data analysis framework that uses a combination of effect sizes, confidence intervals, precision planning, and meta-analysis to plan experiments, analyze data and interpret results. It complements hypothesis testing approaches such as null hypothesis significance testin... | Estimation statistics | 0.797393 |
92,230 | Top–down methods were favored in software engineering until the late 1980s, and object-oriented programming assisted in demonstrating the idea that both aspects of top-down and bottom-up programming could be used. Modern software design approaches usually combine top–down and bottom–up approaches. Although an understan... | Stepwise refinement | 0.797393 |
92,231 | : 289, 296–297 However, without this part proved, there was no actual proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. Wiles spent almost a year trying to repair his proof, initially by himself and then in collaboration with his former student Richard Taylor, without success. By the end of 1993, rumours had spread that under scrutiny, ... | Fermat's conjecture | 0.797392 |
92,232 | With a layered structure, TiS2 adopts a hexagonal close packed (hcp) structure, analogous to cadmium iodide (CdI2). In this motif, half of the octahedral holes are filled with a "cation", in this case Ti4+. Each Ti centre is surrounded by six sulfide ligands in an octahedral structure. Each sulfide is connected to thre... | TiS2 | 0.797392 |
92,233 | Volume 1 on elementary and additive number theory includes the topics such as Dirichlet's theorem, Brun's sieve, binary quadratic forms, Goldbach's conjecture, Waring's problem, and the Hardy–Littlewood work on the singular series. Volume 2 covers topics in analytic number theory, such as estimates for the error in the... | Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie | 0.797392 |
92,234 | Although no elementary function exists for the error function, as can be proven by the Risch algorithm, the Gaussian integral can be solved analytically through the methods of multivariable calculus. That is, there is no elementary indefinite integral for but the definite integral can be evaluated. The definite integra... | Gaussian integral | 0.797391 |
92,235 | Many universities offer environmental engineering programs through either the department of civil engineering or chemical engineering and also including electronic projects to develop and balance the environmental conditions. Environmental engineers in a civil engineering program often focus on hydrology, water resourc... | Environmental health engineering | 0.797391 |
92,236 | This area includes observational research programs spanning the nearby universe of stars and the interstellar medium within the Galaxy to cosmological observations of the large-scale structure of the universe, including studies of fundamental physics. Projects include works that aim to elucidate the nature of the cosmo... | Center for Detectors | 0.797391 |
92,237 | The external connectors are connection parts that attaches the beams together externally. The TETRIX® PRIME Robotics building system offers 5 types of external connectors. These are the 90-Degree Beam Bracket, the 60-Degree Beam Bracket, the Tee Beam Bracket, the Straight Block Beam Connecter, and the 90-Degree Cross B... | Tetrix Robotics Kit | 0.797391 |
92,238 | In the United States, physicians who practice clinical genetics are accredited by the American Board of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ABMGG). In order to become a board-certified practitioner of Clinical Genetics, a physician must complete a minimum of 24 months of training in a program accredited by the ABMGG. Indivi... | Genetic medicine | 0.797391 |
92,239 | The Emily M. Gray Award from the Biophysical Society in Rockville, Maryland, is given in recognition of "significant contributions to education in biophysics." The award was established in 1997 and first awarded the year thereafter. | Emily M. Gray Award | 0.797391 |
92,240 | The Clifford algebra is not a Z-graded algebra, but is Z-filtered, where CL ≤ i(V, Q) is the subspace spanned by all products of at most i elements of V. The degree of a Clifford number usually refers to the degree in the N-grading. The even subalgebra Cl(V, Q) of a Clifford algebra is itself isomorphic to a Clifford a... | Clifford algebras | 0.797391 |
92,241 | Logic optimization is a process of finding an equivalent representation of the specified logic circuit under one or more specified constraints. This process is a part of a logic synthesis applied in digital electronics and integrated circuit design. Generally, the circuit is constrained to a minimum chip area meeting a... | Two-level minimization | 0.797391 |
92,242 | Negative curvature The open Möbius strip also admits complete metric of constant negative curvature. One way to see this is to begin with the upper half plane (Poincaré) model of the hyperbolic plane, a geometry of constant curvature whose lines are represented in the model by semicircles that meet the x {\displaystyle... | Möbius strip | 0.79739 |
92,243 | (1991/2007). From Microphysics to Macrophysics: Methods and Applications of Statistical Physics, volume 1, translated by D. ter Haar, J.F. Gregg, Springer, Berlin, ISBN 978-3-540-45469-4. | First law of thermodynamics | 0.79739 |
92,244 | This system is further advanced beginning with the Mark XV-R which is given a basic AI core capable of choosing between various pre-loaded plans based upon actual battlefield conditions. However, what these earlier Bolos are not capable of doing is developing their own independent battle plans. Beginning with the Mark ... | Bolo universe | 0.79739 |
92,245 | A substantial fragment of SQL (namely that which is effectively relational algebra) is based on first-order logic (more precisely can be translated in domain relational calculus by means of Codd's theorem), as the following example illustrates: Think of a database table "GIRLS" with the columns "FIRST_NAME" and "LAST_N... | Finite model theory | 0.79739 |
92,246 | In mathematics, especially in higher-dimensional algebra and homotopy theory, a double groupoid generalises the notion of groupoid and of category to a higher dimension. | Double groupoid | 0.79739 |
92,247 | FFF begins with a software process which processes an STL file (Standard Triangle Language), orienting the model for the build process and mathematically slicing the model according to the processing parameters selected. If required, support structures may be generated.The nozzle can be moved in both horizontal and ver... | Hot end | 0.797389 |
92,248 | In mathematical optimization, Himmelblau's function is a multi-modal function, used to test the performance of optimization algorithms. The function is defined by: f ( x , y ) = ( x 2 + y − 11 ) 2 + ( x + y 2 − 7 ) 2 . {\displaystyle f(x,y)=(x^{2}+y-11)^{2}+(x+y^{2}-7)^{2}.\quad } It has one local maximum at x = − 0.27... | Himmelblau's function | 0.797388 |
92,249 | Experiments designed to study biological mechanisms are utilized when exploring how aggression is influenced by genetics. Molecular genetics studies allow many different types of behavioral traits to be examined by manipulating genes and studying the effect(s) of the manipulation. | Genetics of aggression | 0.797388 |
92,250 | For use in buildings wired with Category 3 or higher twisted pair there are baluns that convert Twinax to twisted pair and hubs that convert from a bus topology to a star topology. Twinax was designed by IBM. Its main advantages were high speed (1 Mbit/s versus 9600 bit/s) and multiple addressable devices per connectio... | Twinax cable | 0.797388 |
92,251 | In statistics, the Tukey–Duckworth test is a two-sample location test – a statistical test of whether one of two samples was significantly greater than the other. It was introduced by John Tukey, who aimed to answer a request by W. E. Duckworth for a test simple enough to be remembered and applied in the field without ... | Tukey–Duckworth test | 0.797388 |
92,252 | In organic chemistry the addition of the prefix benzo to the name of a chemical compound indicates the addition of an even number of carbon atoms to an unsaturated or already aromatic compound by which a new aromatic ring is formed. Between the prefix benzo and the name of the parent compound then place of the addition... | List of benzo compounds | 0.797388 |
92,253 | For this method, solicited occupant preference information is fed into an unsupervised machine algorithm that will group occupants based on how similar their thermal preferences are. The number and size of the groups depends on the type of unsupervised algorithm used as well as the data being analyzed. Reinforcement ma... | Occupant-centric building controls | 0.797387 |
92,254 | PEI = (% inhibition at a given compound concentration as fraction: 0 – 1.0) / (molecular weight, kDa) BEI = (pKi, pKd, or pIC50) / (molecular weight, kDa) SEI = (pKi, pKd, or pIC50) / (PSA/100 Å)where pKi, pKd and pIC50 is defined as −log(Ki), −log(Kd), or −log(IC 50), respectively. Ki and IC50 in mol/L. The authors su... | Binding efficiency | 0.797387 |
92,255 | The association has two annual National Meetings (winter and summer) and has regional sections with their own meetings and organization. The association also offers grants and awards for physics educators, including the Richtmyer Memorial Award and programs and contests for physics educators and students. It is headqua... | American Association of Physics Teachers | 0.797387 |
92,256 | It was the most important moment of my working life. Nothing I ever do again will mean as much. On 6 October Wiles asked three colleagues (including Faltings) to review his new proof, and on 24 October 1994 Wiles submitted two manuscripts, "Modular elliptic curves and Fermat's Last Theorem" and "Ring theoretic properti... | Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem | 0.797387 |
92,257 | The largest scale of ecological organization is the biosphere: the total sum of ecosystems on the planet. Ecological relationships regulate the flux of energy, nutrients, and climate all the way up to the planetary scale. For example, the dynamic history of the planetary atmosphere's CO2 and O2 composition has been aff... | Ecological science | 0.797386 |
92,258 | However, all three species prefer fairly enclosed canopies over their nesting areas, i.e. canopy coverage are generally thought to need to be at least at 60–70%. A particular opportunity was taken to study the three Accipiters ecology when living near one another in Oregon. | Cooper's hawk | 0.797386 |
92,259 | It is always possible to reduce a higher-order function to a quadratic function which is equivalent with respect to the optimisation, problem known as "higher-order clique reduction" (HOCR), and the result of such reduction can be optimized with QPBO. Generic methods for reduction of arbitrary functions rely on specifi... | Quadratic pseudo-Boolean optimization | 0.797385 |
92,260 | In the same year he defended a dissertation for the Candidate of Science in Physics and Mathematics degree (equivalent to the PhD) at Moscow State University. In 1965 he defended a dissertation for the Doctor of Science in Physics and Mathematics degree there. In 1966 he became a Corresponding member of the Academy of ... | Sergei Novikov (mathematician) | 0.797385 |
92,261 | The Rousseeuw Prize for Statistics awards innovations in statistical research with impact on society. This biennial prize is awarded in even years, and consists of a medal, a certificate, and a monetary reward of US$1,000,000, similar to the Nobel Prize in other disciplines. The home institution of the Prize is the Kin... | Rousseeuw Prize for Statistics | 0.797385 |
92,262 | In ideal magnetohydrodynamics, Alfvén's theorem, or the frozen-in flux theorem, states that electrically conducting fluids and embedded magnetic fields are constrained to move together in the limit of large magnetic Reynolds numbers. It is named after Hannes Alfvén, who put the idea forward in 1943. Alfvén's theorem im... | Frozen-in flux theorem | 0.797384 |
92,263 | Because of the ubiquitous occurrence of Taylor's law in biology it has found a variety of uses some of which are listed here. | Taylor's law | 0.797384 |
92,264 | However, this ability of the majority-rule consensus tree for a set of gene trees to avoid incorrect clades comes at the cost of having unresolved groups. Simulations have shown that there are parts of species tree parameter space where maximum likelihood estimates of phylogeny are incorrect trees with increasing proba... | Multispecies coalescent process | 0.797384 |
92,265 | Fellow of the American Mathematical Society, 2012. American Academy of Arts and Sciences: elected in 2012 Chauvenet Prize: the 2011 winner, for his article "Undecidability in number theory" Miller Research Professorship – University of California Berkeley. David and Lucile Packard Fellowship Sloan Research Fellowship W... | Bjorn Poonen | 0.797383 |
92,266 | The Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian (CfA), previously known as the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, is an astrophysics research institute jointly operated by the Harvard College Observatory and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. Founded in 1973 and headquartered in Cambridge, Massachuset... | Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics | 0.797383 |
92,267 | Astrophysics I: Stars. Boston: Jones and Bartlett. Carroll, Bradley W. | Main sequence stars | 0.797383 |
92,268 | The MPA is one of several Max Planck Institutes that specialize in astronomy and astrophysics. Others are the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Garching (located next-door to the MPA), the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, the Max ... | Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics | 0.797383 |
92,269 | Bayesian network Bridges of Königsberg Computer network Ecological network Electrical network Gene regulatory network Global shipping network Neural network Project network Petri net Semantic network Social network Spin network Telecommunications network Value network Workflow Metabolic network Metabolic network modell... | List of network theory topics | 0.797383 |
92,270 | In geometry, the square cupola, sometimes called lesser dome, is one of the Johnson solids (J4). It can be obtained as a slice of the rhombicuboctahedron. As in all cupolae, the base polygon has twice as many edges and vertices as the top; in this case the base polygon is an octagon. A Johnson solid is one of 92 strict... | Square cupola | 0.797383 |
92,271 | The INCF contributes to the development and maintenance of database and computational infrastructure and support mechanisms for neuroscience applications. The system is expected to provide access to all freely accessible human brain data and resources to the international research community. The more general task of IN... | Neuroinformatics | 0.797382 |
92,272 | The mezzanine approach to placing multiple functions in a single card slot has been around for a long time both in proprietary and open standard forms. Valid arguments can be put forth for both of these approaches. The M-Module is one open standard that is gaining increasing popularity for applications in the fields of... | M-Module | 0.797382 |
92,273 | In mathematics, specifically the field of abstract algebra, Bergman's Diamond Lemma (after George Bergman) is a method for confirming whether a given set of monomials of an algebra forms a k {\displaystyle k} -basis. It is an extension of Gröbner bases to non-commutative rings. The proof of the lemma gives rise to an a... | Bergman's diamond lemma | 0.797382 |
92,274 | This is a glossary for the terminology in a mathematical field of functional analysis. Throughout the article, unless stated otherwise, the base field of a vector space is the field of real numbers or that of complex numbers. Algebras are not assumed to be unital. See also: List of Banach spaces. | Glossary of functional analysis | 0.797382 |
92,275 | A recent development in forensic science is the isotopic analysis of hair strands. Hair has a recognisable growth rate of 9-11mm per month or 15 cm per year. Human hair growth is primarily a function of diet, especially drinking water intake. The stable isotopic ratios of drinking water are a function of location, and ... | Isotopic analysis | 0.797381 |
92,276 | In statistics, the focused information criterion (FIC) is a method for selecting the most appropriate model among a set of competitors for a given data set. Unlike most other model selection strategies, like the Akaike information criterion (AIC), the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and the deviance information cr... | Focused information criterion | 0.797381 |
92,277 | These methods use NMR to evaluate the spin-spin coupling constants which directly relate to the dihedral angle of the atoms being analyzed, allowing for the determination of chirality. This was used to determine the stereochemistry of chiral centers at C7, C8, and C10. Because C7 and C8 are adjacent stereocenters, thes... | Kalkitoxin | 0.797381 |
92,278 | Kronecker was already in some sense aware of some of its aspects. Dedekind originated a terminology in his study of number fields which he and Weber applied to function fields in one variable . Hensel-Landsberg then provided a first systematic book treatment of basic facts concerning these function fields , using the D... | Friedrich Karl Schmidt | 0.797381 |
92,279 | There are many variations on the basic idea, some employing stronger mathematical assumptions than others. Significantly, Bell-type theorems do not refer to any particular theory of local hidden variables, but instead show that quantum physics violates general assumptions behind classical pictures of nature. The origin... | Bell test loopholes | 0.79738 |
92,280 | TMC comprises more than 250 million words. The total number of unique words (with frequency of two or more) of the corpus is about 300 thousand, which is relatively good for a highly-inflectional language like Persian. TMC is created by Natural Language Processing Lab of University of Tehran. The corpus is free for res... | Tehran Monolingual Corpus | 0.797379 |
92,281 | The Italian mathematician Mario Pieri (1860–1913) took a different approach and considered a system in which there were only two primitive notions, that of point and of motion. Pasch had used four primitives and Peano had reduced this to three, but both of these approaches relied on some concept of betweeness which Pie... | Foundations of geometry | 0.797379 |
92,282 | In polymer chemistry, a repeat unit or repeating unit (or mer) is a part of a polymer whose repetition would produce the complete polymer chain (except for the end-groups) by linking the repeat units together successively along the chain, like the beads of a necklace. A repeat unit is sometimes called a mer (or mer uni... | Repeat unit | 0.797379 |
92,283 | As is the trend with many reactions, conversion of the Z-enolate affords lower selectivity due to 1,3 diaxial steric interactions between the enolate and the ring, as well as the fact that substituents prefer quasi-equatorial positioning. This helps explain the higher temperatures required for Z-enolate conversion. The... | Aza-Cope rearrangement | 0.797378 |
92,284 | NO leads to at least 200 fold increase in sGC activity. Because nitric oxide has a partially filled pi* orbital, back bonding prefers a bent geometry for the heme-NO complex. NO has a strong trans effect, in which the histidine-iron bond is weakened when NO binding delocalizes electrons to the dz2 orbital toward the ax... | Soluble guanylyl cyclase | 0.797378 |
92,285 | In questions of prime number theory, such as Schinzel's hypothesis H and the Bateman–Horn conjecture, it is a matter of basic importance to understand the case when P has no fixed prime divisor (this has been called Bunyakovsky's property, after Viktor Bunyakovsky). By writing P in terms of the binomial coefficients, w... | Integer-valued polynomial | 0.797378 |
92,286 | When two terminal nodes are given, they are typically referred to as the source and the sink. In a flow network, the minimum cut separates the source and sink vertices and minimizes the total sum of the capacities of the edges that are directed from the source side of the cut to the sink side of the cut. As shown in th... | Minimum cut | 0.797377 |
92,287 | As the majority of people become more urbanized they are increasingly more disconnected from the natural world. This allows for misconceptions and a lack of understanding of seagrass ecology and its importance. Additionally, it is a challenge to obtain and maintain information on the status and condition of seagrass po... | Sea grass | 0.797377 |
92,288 | Since 1900, mathematicians and mathematical organizations have announced problem lists, but, with few exceptions, these have not had nearly as much influence nor generated as much work as Hilbert's problems. One exception consists of three conjectures made by André Weil in the late 1940s (the Weil conjectures). In the ... | Hilbert problems | 0.797377 |
92,289 | Local nonsatiation (LNS) is often applied in consumer theory, a branch of microeconomics, as an important property often assumed in theorems and propositions. Consumer theory is a study of how individuals make decisions and spend their money based on their preferences and budget. Local nonsatiation is also a key assump... | Local nonsatiation | 0.797377 |
92,290 | New campus: academic buildings for all freshman and all humanities and science postgraduates, as well as office and library buildings. Xiangya School of Medicine (New campus): dormitories and academic buildings for medical postgraduates, with Xiangya Hospital and the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China. X... | Central South University | 0.797377 |
92,291 | This was the first example of an Albert algebra. Its automorphism group is the exceptional Lie group F4. Since over the complex numbers this is the only simple exceptional Jordan algebra up to isomorphism, it is often referred to as "the" exceptional Jordan algebra. Over the real numbers there are three isomorphism cla... | Formally real Jordan algebra | 0.797377 |
92,292 | Bionics or biologically inspired engineering is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design engineering systems and modern technology.The word bionic, coined by Jack E. Steele in August 1958, is a portmanteau from biology and electronics which was popularized by the 1970s U... | Bionics | 0.797377 |
92,293 | In his 1927 Solvay debate with Bohr, Einstein employed this thought experiment to illustrate that according to the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics that Bohr championed, the quantum wavefunction of a particle would abruptly collapse like a "popped bubble" no matter how widely dispersed the wavefunction. T... | Einstein's thought experiments | 0.797377 |
92,294 | Restricted models of general equilibrium were formulated by John von Neumann in 1937. Unlike earlier versions, the models of von Neumann had inequality constraints. For his model of an expanding economy, von Neumann proved the existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium using his generalization of Brouwer's fixed point ... | Economical mathematics | 0.797377 |
92,295 | Polymeric steric entrapment is a wet chemistry technique for synthesizing oxides. It is based on similar principles as the sol–gel process, which has also been used to synthesize HEOs. Polymeric steric entrapment requires water-soluble compounds containing the desired metal cation (e.g., metal acetates, metal chlorides... | High entropy oxide | 0.797376 |
92,296 | Several academic robotics contests, like the IOP Challenge of the Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition or the European Robotics Hackathon (EnRicH) recommend or require IOP as a common interface definition. | UGV Interoperability Profile | 0.797376 |
92,297 | Whether to invest in training current staff or to look into the market. When to purchase or retire fleet equipment. Decisions regarding understanding the competition between two firms based on the motive of profit maximization. The impacts of consumer and competitor incentives on business decisionsManagerial economics ... | Managerial economics | 0.797376 |
92,298 | (2003), Geometric Algebra for Physicists (PDF), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-71595-9, archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-01-06 Hestenes, David (2003), "Oersted Medal Lecture 2002: Reforming the Mathematical Language of Physics" (PDF), Am. J. Phys., 71 (2): 104–121, Bibcode:2003AmJPh..71..104H, CiteS... | Geometric algebra | 0.797376 |
92,299 | In combinatorial optimization, the Gomory–Hu tree of an undirected graph with capacities is a weighted tree that represents the minimum s-t cuts for all s-t pairs in the graph. The Gomory–Hu tree can be constructed in |V| − 1 maximum flow computations. | Gomory–Hu tree | 0.797375 |
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