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92,800 | It gives rise to a reduced scheme, when we take it over a field K, if and only if the characteristic of K does not divide n. This makes it a source of some key examples of non-reduced schemes (schemes with nilpotent elements in their structure sheaves); for example μp over a finite field with p elements for any prime n... | Multiplicative group | 0.797273 |
92,801 | Jaroslav (Jarik) Nešetřil (Czech pronunciation: ; born March 13, 1946, in Brno) is a Czech mathematician, working at Charles University in Prague. His research areas include combinatorics (structural combinatorics, Ramsey theory), graph theory (coloring problems, sparse structures), algebra (representation of structure... | Jaroslav Nešetřil | 0.797272 |
92,802 | The self-adjoint requirement means finite-dimensional C*-algebras are semisimple, from which fact one can deduce the following theorem of Artin–Wedderburn type: Theorem. A finite-dimensional C*-algebra, A, is canonically isomorphic to a finite direct sum A = ⨁ e ∈ min A A e {\displaystyle A=\bigoplus _{e\in \min A}Ae} ... | Cstar algebra | 0.797272 |
92,803 | Jerome Karle (born Jerome Karfunkle; June 18, 1918 – June 6, 2013) was an American physical chemist. Jointly with Herbert A. Hauptman, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1985, for the direct analysis of crystal structures using X-ray scattering techniques. | Jerome Karle | 0.797272 |
92,804 | In the study of differential equations, the Loewy decomposition breaks every linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) into what are called largest completely reducible components. It was introduced by Alfred Loewy.Solving differential equations is one of the most important subfields in mathematics. Of particular int... | Loewy decomposition | 0.797271 |
92,805 | The Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers computational statistics. It is published by Taylor & Francis and was established in 1972. The editors-in-chief are Richard Krutchkoff (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg) and Andrei Volo... | Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation | 0.797271 |
92,806 | The study of percolation helps indicate how the flow of electricity will redistribute itself in the fuse network, thus modeling which fuses are most likely to pop next, and how fast they will pop, and what direction the crack may curve in. Examples can be found not only in physical phenomena, but also in biology, neuro... | Directed percolation | 0.797271 |
92,807 | His development of Twistor Theory has produced a beautiful and productive approach to the classical equations of mathematical physics. His tilings of the plane underlie the newly discovered quasi-crystals. | Roger Penrose | 0.797271 |
92,808 | A basic property of consumer demand is normality, which means (in the case where demand is unique) that the demand of each good is increasing in wealth. Theorem 3 cannot be straightforwardly applied to obtain conditions for normality, because B ( p , w ′ ) ≱ S S O B ( p , w ) {\displaystyle B(p,w')\not \geq _{SSO}B(p,w... | Monotone comparative statics | 0.797271 |
92,809 | Biotechnology and Bioengineering is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering biochemical engineering science that was established in 1959. In 2009, the BioMedical & Life Sciences Division of the Special Libraries Association listed Biotechnology and Bioengineering as one of the 100 most influential journals in biolo... | Biotechnology and Bioengineering | 0.797271 |
92,810 | Grammar systems theory is a field of theoretical computer science that studies systems of finite collections of formal grammars generating a formal language. Each grammar works on a string, a so-called sequential form that represents an environment. Grammar systems can thus be used as a formalization of decentralized o... | Grammar systems theory | 0.797271 |
92,811 | Nightingale applied statistics to nursing, notably with "Diagram of the causes of mortality in the army in the East". This statistical study led to advances in sanitation, although the germ theory of disease was not yet fully accepted. The evidence-based design movement began much later in the 1970s with Archie Cochran... | Evidence-based design | 0.797271 |
92,812 | In combinatorics, an area of mathematics, graph enumeration describes a class of combinatorial enumeration problems in which one must count undirected or directed graphs of certain types, typically as a function of the number of vertices of the graph. These problems may be solved either exactly (as an algebraic enumera... | Graph enumeration | 0.79727 |
92,813 | This test can be used with a power series f ( z ) = ∑ n = 0 ∞ c n ( z − p ) n {\displaystyle f(z)=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }c_{n}(z-p)^{n}} where the coefficients cn, and the center p are complex numbers and the argument z is a complex variable. The terms of this series would then be given by an = cn(z − p)n. One then appli... | Cauchy's radical test | 0.79727 |
92,814 | Terrestrial rotation. Heraclides and others held that the Earth rotates from west to east and this is supported by Copernicus (the "restorer of astronomy"), but Aristotle said otherwise. "If the rotations of the earth seems headlong and not to be permitted by nature because of its rapidity, then worse than insane, both... | De Magnete | 0.79727 |
92,815 | The IBA grants fellowship awards to outstanding scholars who have made significant contributions to the field of mathematical biology. The Distinguished Senior Fellowship is awarded to senior scholars who have a record of significant scientific accomplishments and active leadership in biomathematics. This award is give... | Intercollegiate Biomathematics Alliance | 0.797269 |
92,816 | For the study of rigid body kinematics, the low-dimensional matrix Lie groups have been the central focus. The matrix groups are low-dimensional mappings, which are diffeomorphisms that provide one-to-one correspondences between coordinate systems, with a smooth inverse. The matrix group of rotations and scales can be ... | Computational Anatomy | 0.797269 |
92,817 | Curtis Niles Cooper is an American mathematician who is currently a professor at the University of Central Missouri, in the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science. | Curtis Cooper (mathematician) | 0.797269 |
92,818 | The later work on étale cohomology has tended to suggest that the full, general topos theory isn't required. On the other hand, other sites are used, and the Grothendieck topos has taken its place within homological algebra. The Lawvere programme was to write higher-order logic in terms of category theory. | History of topos theory | 0.797269 |
92,819 | The National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT) reports that of the SAT takers who intend to major in computer science, the proportion of girls has steadily decreased from 20 percent in 2001 to 12 percent in 2006.According to a College Board report in 2006, there were slightly more girls than boys who re... | Gender disparity in computing | 0.797269 |
92,820 | In 2008, for the first time in history, researchers at Chiswick CSIRO research station, between Uralla and Armidale, New South Wales have used stem cells to develop surrogate rams and bulls. These males then produce the viable semen of another male. The approach in these sheep experiments involves irradiating a ram's t... | Domestic sheep reproduction | 0.797269 |
92,821 | One of the primary challenges of superconducting quantum computing is the extremely low temperatures at which superconductors like Bose-Einstein Condensates exist. Other basic challenges in superconducting qubit design are shaping the potential well and choosing particle mass such that energy separation between two spe... | Superconducting quantum computing | 0.797269 |
92,822 | When Boltzmann was 15, his father died.Starting in 1863, Boltzmann studied mathematics and physics at the University of Vienna. He received his doctorate in 1866 and his venia legendi in 1869. Boltzmann worked closely with Josef Stefan, director of the institute of physics. It was Stefan who introduced Boltzmann to Max... | Ludwig Boltzmann | 0.797269 |
92,823 | The Mas'udi Law (قانون مسعودي), an encyclopaedia of astronomy, geography, and engineering, dedicated to Mas'ud, son of the Ghaznavid sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. Understanding Astrology (التفهيم لصناعة التنجيم), a question and answer style book about mathematics and astronomy, in Arabic and Persian. Pharmacy, a work on dru... | Al-Biruni | 0.797269 |
92,824 | This correspondence allows one to study the structure and classification of Lie groups in terms of Lie algebras. In physics, Lie groups appear as symmetry groups of physical systems, and their Lie algebras (tangent vectors near the identity) may be thought of as infinitesimal symmetry motions. | Center of a Lie algebra | 0.797269 |
92,825 | Akaike information criterion: a criterion to compare statistical models, based on MLE Extremum estimator: a more general class of estimators to which MLE belongs Fisher information: information matrix, its relationship to covariance matrix of ML estimates Mean squared error: a measure of how 'good' an estimator of a di... | Maximum-likelihood estimation | 0.797268 |
92,826 | For the Hamburger moment problem (the moment problem on the whole real line), the theorem states the following: Let μ {\displaystyle \mu } be a measure on R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } such that all the moments are finite. If then the moment problem for ( m n ) {\displaystyle (m_{n})} is determinate; that is, μ {\disp... | Carleman's condition | 0.797268 |
92,827 | Jointly biotechnology and synthetic biology play a crucial role in generating cost-effective products with nature-friendly features by using bio-based production instead of fossil-based. Synthetic biology can be used to engineer model microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, by genome editing tools to enhance their ab... | Regulation of biotechnologies | 0.797268 |
92,828 | Euclid's theorem is a fundamental statement in number theory that asserts that there are infinitely many prime numbers. It was first proved by Euclid in his work Elements. There are several proofs of the theorem. | Infinitude of primes | 0.797268 |
92,829 | The parallax itself is considered to be half of this maximum, about equivalent to the observational shift that would occur due to the different positions of Earth and the Sun, a baseline of one astronomical unit (AU). Stellar parallax is so difficult to detect that its existence was the subject of much debate in astron... | Parallax error | 0.797267 |
92,830 | The idea of the hyperreal system is to extend the real numbers R to form a system *R that includes infinitesimal and infinite numbers, but without changing any of the elementary axioms of algebra. Any statement of the form "for any number x ..." that is true for the reals is also true for the hyperreals. For example, t... | Nonstandard real number | 0.797267 |
92,831 | Determining the upper critical dimension of a field theory is a matter of linear algebra. It is worthwhile to formalize the procedure because it yields the lowest-order approximation for scaling and essential input for the renormalization group. It also reveals conditions to have a critical model in the first place. | Critical dimension | 0.797267 |
92,832 | Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2017. | Nick Bostrom | 0.797267 |
92,833 | One of the two De Morgan laws is satisfied in every Heyting algebra, namely ∀ x , y ∈ H: ¬ ( x ∨ y ) = ¬ x ∧ ¬ y . {\displaystyle \forall x,y\in H:\qquad \lnot (x\vee y)=\lnot x\wedge \lnot y.} However, the other De Morgan law does not always hold. We have instead a weak de Morgan law: ∀ x , y ∈ H: ¬ ( x ∧ y ) = ¬ ¬ ( ... | Heyting algebra | 0.797267 |
92,834 | Fourier-transform spectroscopy is a measurement technique whereby spectra are collected based on measurements of the coherence of a radiative source, using time-domain or space-domain measurements of the radiation, electromagnetic or not. It can be applied to a variety of types of spectroscopy including optical spectro... | Fourier transform spectrometer | 0.797267 |
92,835 | Topological notions such as continuity have natural definitions in every Euclidean space. However, topology does not distinguish straight lines from curved lines, and the relation between Euclidean and topological spaces is thus "forgetful". | Space (mathematics) | 0.797266 |
92,836 | Spin welding is not a very common welding technique for advanced thermoplastic composites because this can only be done with parts that have a circular geometry. This is done by one part remaining stationary while the other is continuously rotated with pressure applied to the weld interface. Rotational velocity will va... | Welding of advanced thermoplastic composites | 0.797266 |
92,837 | 1900 – Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns and Erich von Tschermak independently rediscovered Mendel's paper on heredity. 1902 – Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri, independently proposed that the chromosomes carry the hereditary information. 1905 – William Bateson coined the term "genetics" to describe the study of biological i... | Timeline of biology and organic chemistry | 0.797266 |
92,838 | Chalk River Laboratories (French: Laboratoires de Chalk River; also known as CRL, Chalk River Labs and formerly Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories, CRNL) is a Canadian nuclear research facility in Deep River, about 180 km (110 mi) north-west of Ottawa. CRL is a site of major research and development to support and advanc... | Chalk River Laboratories | 0.797266 |
92,839 | In string theory, tachyons have the same interpretation as in quantum field theory. However, string theory can, at least, in principle, not only describe the physics of tachyonic fields, but also predict whether such fields appear. Tachyonic fields indeed arise in many versions of string theory. In general, string theo... | Tachyonic field | 0.797265 |
92,840 | Effects of Weightlessness on Wheat Seedling Morphogenesis and Histochemistry Growth Physiology of the Wheat Seedling in Space Biochemical Changes in Developing Wheat Seedling in Weightless State Effects of Weightlessness of the Dividing Egg of Rana Pipiens Mutational Response of Habrobracon Liminal Angle of a Plagiogeo... | Biosatellite 1 | 0.797265 |
92,841 | The two plastic limit theorems apply to any elastic-perfectly plastic body or assemblage of bodies. Lower limit theorem: If an equilibrium distribution of stress can be found which balances the applied load and nowhere violates the yield criterion, the body (or bodies) will not fail, or will be just at the point of fai... | Plastic limit theorems | 0.797265 |
92,842 | The study of linear algebra emerged from the study of determinants, which were used to solve systems of linear equations. Calculus had two main systems of notation, each created by one of the creators: that developed by Isaac Newton and the notation developed by Gottfried Leibniz. Leibniz's is the notation used most of... | History of mathematical notation | 0.797265 |
92,843 | One important reaction type is this: R−M + R'−X → R−R' + MX (R, R' = organic fragments, usually aryle; M = main group center such as Li or MgX; X = halide)These reactions are used to form carbon–carbon bonds but also carbon-heteroatom bonds. Cross-coupling reaction are a subset of coupling reactions. Richard F. Heck, E... | Palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction | 0.797265 |
92,844 | As a graduate student, Oded Schramm was supervised by Thurston at Princeton University. As Rohde (2011, p. 1628) recounts, there is a "poetic description" in Schramm's dissertation of how existence for circle packing can be deduced from the fixed point theorem: "One can just see the terrible monster swinging its arms i... | Circle packing theorem | 0.797264 |
92,845 | After a temporary IAU working group held meetings, and representatives from 16 countries showed interest, the IAU established the first permanent Working Group on Numerical Data, and Bidelman became one of its "main data center leaders" to plan centers to make data more reliable and accessible. Their first goal was to ... | William P. Bidelman | 0.797264 |
92,846 | Consider B G m = {\displaystyle B\mathbb {G} _{m}=} , the classifying stack of the multiplicative group scheme (that is, G m ( R ) = R × {\displaystyle \mathbb {G} _{m}(R)=R^{\times }} ). By definition, B G m ( F q ) {\displaystyle B\mathbb {G} _{m}(\mathbb {F} _{q})} is the category of principal G m {\displaystyle \m... | Behrend's fixed point formula | 0.797263 |
92,847 | Barker had used the methodological approach of the "Delft school of microbiology" developed by Barkers mentors Albert Kluyver and Cornelis van Niel. In 1967, the renamed Methanobacterium omelianskii was specified as a co-culture of the ethanol-oxidizing S-organism and a methanogen, which uses hydrogen produced by its b... | Vasily Leonidovitch Omelianski | 0.797263 |
92,848 | In chemistry, bond cleavage, or bond fission, is the splitting of chemical bonds. This can be generally referred to as dissociation when a molecule is cleaved into two or more fragments.In general, there are two classifications for bond cleavage: homolytic and heterolytic, depending on the nature of the process. The tr... | Bond cleavage | 0.797263 |
92,849 | Alternatively, we could claim that quantum mechanics is not a complete theory, and that by adding more structure we could arrive at a universal description (the troubled hidden variables approach). Yet another option is to give a preferred status to a particular observer or type of observer, and assign the epithet of c... | Relational quantum mechanics | 0.797263 |
92,850 | Measurement of the waveform and amplitude of the gravitational waves from a black hole merger event makes accurate determination of its distance possible. The accumulation of black hole merger data from cosmologically distant events may help to create more precise models of the history of the expansion of the universe ... | Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger | 0.797263 |
92,851 | In theoretical computer science, in particular in formal language theory, Kleene's algorithm transforms a given nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) into a regular expression. Together with other conversion algorithms, it establishes the equivalence of several description formats for regular languages. Alternative p... | Kleene's algorithm | 0.797262 |
92,852 | McLear, also known as NFC Ring, and VivoKey developed products with one-time pass secure access control.In health informatics, wearable devices have enabled better capturing of human health statics for data driven analysis. This has facilitated data-driven machine learning algorithms to analyse the health condition of ... | Wearable technology | 0.797262 |
92,853 | In domain theory, it is natural to seek to approximate the elements in a partial order by "much simpler" elements. This leads to the class of continuous posets, consisting of posets where every element can be obtained as the supremum of a directed set of elements that are way-below the element. If one can additionally ... | Lattice Homomorphism | 0.797262 |
92,854 | In fact, the award has, over the years, emphasized the methodological contributions to the field which involve mathematical research in various ways, and has recognized achievements in many of the following crucial areas of research: Some areas are in the general Computational number theory and Computational algebra fi... | RSA Award for Excellence in Mathematics | 0.797262 |
92,855 | An example is the Arzelà–Ascoli theorem. Other cases of interest relate to uniform integrability, and the concept of normal family in complex analysis. Mahler's compactness theorem in the geometry of numbers characterizes relatively compact subsets in certain non-compact homogeneous spaces (specifically spaces of latti... | Relatively compact subset | 0.797262 |
92,856 | The tome included Shockley's critical ideas of drift and diffusion and the differential equations that govern the flow of electrons in solid state crystals. Shockley's diode equation is also described. This seminal work became the reference text for other scientists working to develop and improve new variants of the tr... | William Shockley | 0.797262 |
92,857 | {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} _{1^{n}}.} In particular, the applicability of O ( n log n ) {\displaystyle O(n\log n)} fast Fourier transform algorithms to compute the NTT, combined with the convolution theorem, mean that the number-theoretic transform gives an efficient way to compute exact convolutions of integer seque... | Number-theoretic transform | 0.797261 |
92,858 | Sky Brewer (2012) "Projective Cross-ratio on Hypercomplex Numbers", Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras, DOI 10.1007/s00006-12-0335-7. I. M. Yaglom (1968) Complex Numbers in Geometry. | Inversive ring geometry | 0.797261 |
92,859 | Bôcher's theorem states that the finite zeros of the derivative r ′ ( z ) {\displaystyle r'(z)} of a non-constant rational function r ( z ) {\displaystyle r(z)} that are not multiple zeros of r ( z ) {\displaystyle r(z)} are the positions of equilibrium in the field of force due to particles of positive mass at the zer... | Maxime Bôcher | 0.797261 |
92,860 | There is an elegant proof using Minkowski's theorem about convex sets. Simplifying an earlier short proof due to Heath-Brown (who was inspired by Liouville's idea), Zagier presented a non-constructive one-sentence proof in 1990. And more recently Christopher gave a partition-theoretic proof. | Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares | 0.797261 |
92,861 | One can make analogous definitions for colimits. For instance, a functor G preserves the colimits of F if G(L, φ) is a colimit of GF whenever (L, φ) is a colimit of F. A cocontinuous functor is one that preserves all small colimits. If C is a complete category, then, by the above existence theorem for limits, a functor... | Limit (category theory) | 0.797261 |
92,862 | The real usefulness is not apparent because it still relies on a system of non-linear differential equations. To alleviate this problem, we have to find a method that can remove the second term from the equation. This will allow us to integrate much more easily. The easiest way to do this is to assume a certain amount ... | Physical simulation | 0.797261 |
92,863 | In geometry, a generalized helicoid is a surface in Euclidean space generated by rotating and simultaneously displacing a curve, the profile curve, along a line, its axis. Any point of the given curve is the starting point of a circular helix. If the profile curve is contained in a plane through the axis, it is called ... | Generalized helicoid | 0.797261 |
92,864 | Construct a KKMS covering C J ′ {\displaystyle C'_{J}} as follows: C J ′ = C i {\displaystyle C'_{J}=C_{i}} whenever J = { i } {\displaystyle J=\{i\}} ( J {\displaystyle J} is a singleton that contains only element i {\displaystyle i} ). C J ′ = ∅ {\displaystyle C'_{J}=\emptyset } otherwise.The KKM condition on the ori... | KKMS lemma | 0.797261 |
92,865 | Shortly after graduating high school, Stebbins enrolled in the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He initially majored in civil engineering, thinking it a better career option than biology, but became unhappy with the program. Struggling with poor performance and health issues related to congenital heart pro... | A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians | 0.79726 |
92,866 | This is easy to prove, since the space of unions of n − 1 {\displaystyle n-1} intervals is a compact set under a suitable topology. If w ∈ W {\displaystyle w\in W} , then also w / 2 ∈ W {\displaystyle w/2\in W} . This is the most interesting part of the proof; see below.From 1-4, it follows that W = {\displaystyle W=}... | Stromquist–Woodall theorem | 0.79726 |
92,867 | The Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) is a United States astronomical observatory located on Kitt Peak of the Quinlan Mountains in the Arizona-Sonoran Desert on the Tohono Oʼodham Nation, 88 kilometers (55 mi) west-southwest of Tucson, Arizona. With more than twenty optical and two radio telescopes, it is one of th... | Kitt Peak National Observatory | 0.79726 |
92,868 | 2020: The establishment of the Non-Human Party, for the rights of robots, animals, and the wider non-human environment. 2021: We Robot 2021 (23 Sep 2021, University of Miami, FL, USA) 2021: IROS 2021 Workshop - Building and Evaluating Ethical Robotic SystemsComputer scientist Virginia Dignum noted in a March 2018 issue... | Robot ethics | 0.79726 |
92,869 | Marine Biology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on all aspects of marine biology. The journal was established in 1967 and is published monthly by Springer Science+Business Media. The editor-in-chief is Ulrich Sommer (Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research). According to the Journal Citation Reports,... | Marine Biology (journal) | 0.79726 |
92,870 | In physics, where representations are often viewed concretely in terms of matrices, a real representation is one in which the entries of the matrices representing the group elements are real numbers. These matrices can act either on real or complex column vectors. A real representation on a complex vector space is isom... | Real representation | 0.797259 |
92,871 | He also founded, in 2001, the software company QuantumBio, Inc located in State College, Pennsylvania. In 2005, he joined the faculty at the University of Florida in the chemistry department and as part of the Quantum Theory Project. While he was at University of Florida, he was named the Colonel Allan R. and Margaret ... | Kenneth M. Merz Jr. | 0.797259 |
92,872 | Then the collocation conditions can be solved to give the coefficients α = 1 2 h ( f ( t 0 + h , p ( t 0 + h ) ) − f ( t 0 , p ( t 0 ) ) ) , β = f ( t 0 , p ( t 0 ) ) , γ = y 0 . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\alpha &={\frac {1}{2h}}{\Big (}f(t_{0}+h,p(t_{0}+h))-f(t_{0},p(t_{0})){\Big )},\\\beta &=f(t_{0},p(t_{0})),\\... | Collocation method | 0.797259 |
92,873 | Bosons are quantum mechanical particles that follow Bose–Einstein statistics, or equivalently, that possess integer spin. These particles can be classified as elementary: these are the Higgs boson, the photon, the gluon, the W/Z and the hypothetical graviton; or composite like the atom of hydrogen, the atom of 16O, the... | Bose gas | 0.797258 |
92,874 | Given a fixed base A B , {\displaystyle AB,} an arc of a great circle on a sphere, and two apex points C {\displaystyle C} and X {\displaystyle X} on the same side of great circle A B , {\displaystyle AB,} Lexell's theorem holds that the surface area of the spherical triangle △ A B X {\displaystyle \triangle ABX} is eq... | Lexell's theorem | 0.797258 |
92,875 | The adoption of this distinction in a computer architecture usually means that protection is provided as a fault tolerance mechanism by hardware/firmware and kernel, whereas the operating system and applications implement their security policies. In this design, security policies rely therefore on the protection mechan... | Separation of protection and security | 0.797258 |
92,876 | It was already observed by Gromov that the natural action by translations of a word-hyperbolic group G {\displaystyle G} on its boundary ∂ G {\displaystyle \partial G} is a uniform convergence action (see for a formal proof). Bowditch proved an important converse, thus obtaining a topological characterization of word-h... | Convergence group | 0.797258 |
92,877 | In June 2023 the project "Backyard Worlds: Cool Neighbors" was launched. The "Planet 9" predecessor was focused on finding a hypothesised outer planet, which is not ideal in finding faint brown dwarfs. The new project has switched to focus on searching for faint and cool Y-dwarfs. The new "Cool Neighbors" project pre-s... | Backyard Worlds | 0.797258 |
92,878 | Scaling down experiments, when combined with modern projection technology, opened up the possibility of carrying out lecture demonstrations of the most hazardous kind in total safety. The approach has been adopted worldwide. It has become a major presence on the educational scene in the US, it is used to a lesser exten... | Microscale chemistry | 0.797258 |
92,879 | The toughness of natural diamond has been measured as 2.0 MPa⋅m1/2, which is good compared to other gemstones like aquamarine (blue colored), but poor compared to most engineering materials. As with any material, the macroscopic geometry of a diamond contributes to its resistance to breakage. Diamond has a cleavage pla... | Material properties of diamond | 0.797258 |
92,880 | The goal of the RL agent is to maximize reward. It learns to accelerate reward intake by continually improving its own learning algorithm which is part of the "self-referential" policy. An extreme type of Meta Reinforcement Learning is embodied by the Gödel machine, a theoretical construct which can inspect and modify ... | Meta-learning (computer science) | 0.797258 |
92,881 | Clinical pathology is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and urine, as well as tissues, using the tools of chemistry, clinical microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology. Clinical pathologists work in close collaborat... | Pathology | 0.797258 |
92,882 | Partial Quantum Information, Nature 436:673-676 (2005) Implementing a Quantum Computation by Free Falling, Science 311:1106-1107 (2006) The Uncertainty Principle Determines the Nonlocality of Quantum Mechanics, Science 330:1072-1074 (2010) Horodecki, Michał, and Jonathan Oppenheim. "Fundamental limitations for quantum ... | Jonathan Oppenheim | 0.797257 |
92,883 | The new building was equipped with an optomechanical projector "Large Zeiss IV», allowing to demonstrate the 6500 stars of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The planetarium offers lectures on astronomy, geography, natural history. When the children's planetarium astronomical school for students 6–11 years of age a... | Kyiv Planetarium | 0.797257 |
92,884 | This triode, known as the Abraham tube, did not pass the test of field service: many tubes were damaged during transportation.Ferrié instructed Peri to fix the problem, and two days later Peri and Jacques Biguet presented a modified design, with horizontally placed electrode assembly and the novel four-pin Type A socke... | TM (triode) | 0.797257 |
92,885 | Several treaties contain provisions which apply to synthetic biology. These include the Convention on Biological Diversity, Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, Nagoya–Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability, Biological Weapons Convention, and Australia Group Guidelines. | Hazards of synthetic biology | 0.797257 |
92,886 | Although the quotient map q is generally not a homeomorphism (since it is not generally injective), it does induce a bijection between the topology on X and the topology on KX. Intuitively, the Kolmogorov quotient does not alter the topology of a space. It just reduces the point set until points become topologically di... | Topological distinguishability | 0.797257 |
92,887 | He considered Lord Byron to be his idol. Against the wishes of his father, van 't Hoff chose to study chemistry. First, he enrolled at Delft University of Technology in September 1869, and studied until 1871, when he passed his final exam on 8 July and obtained a degree of chemical technologist. | Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff | 0.797257 |
92,888 | It supports artificial intelligence applications along with more classical applications such as Web Content or Search.Its Year 2020 storage architecture release, known as LightSpeed, combines three core elements to deliver parallel and higher scalable performance for AI and HPC. These elements are: RDMA for NFS version... | VAST Data | 0.797257 |
92,889 | Contributing factors can include: loss of control due to excessive or inappropriate speed distraction misjudging a curve attempting to avoid colliding with another road user or an animal.If the vehicle strikes a fixed object (an object that will move very little when struck, such as a tree, bridge structure or utility ... | Clear zone | 0.797256 |
92,890 | The work was concerned with the field of experimental low-energy nuclear physics, including the determination of nuclear energy levels, radiation dosimetry, and the biological effects of radiation. He worked as a teaching assistant for Professor Evans' two semester undergraduate course "Nuclear Physics" in 1952. Rasmus... | Norman Rasmussen | 0.797256 |
92,891 | Having started research under the professor of geometry and astronomy, Sir W. V. D. Hodge, Penrose finished his PhD at St John's College, Cambridge, in 1958, with a thesis on tensor methods in algebraic geometry supervised by algebraist and geometer John A. Todd. He devised and popularised the Penrose triangle in the 1... | Roger Penrose | 0.797256 |
92,892 | He passed school in 1873 and joined the University of Munich where he studied physics under G. Bauer, L. von Seidel, J. von Lamont, Philip Von Jolly, Friedrich Narr and history under M. Bernays and B. Riehl. He also attended classes in mathematics at the polytechnikum under A. Brill, F. Klein and J.N. Bischoff. | Anton von Braunmühl | 0.797255 |
92,893 | At 62 °C and atmospheric pressure, phosphonium iodide sublimates and dissociates reversibly into phosphine and hydrogen iodide (HI). It oxidizes slowly in air to give iodine and phosphorus oxides; it is hygroscopic and is hydrolyzed into phosphine and HI: PH4I ⇌ PH3 + HIPhosphine gas may be devolved from phosphonium io... | Phosphonium iodide | 0.797255 |
92,894 | The exact mathematical description of the different potential vorticities can all be obtained from the circulation theorem of Bjerkness, which is stated as D C D t = ∫ A ∇ ρ × ∇ p ρ 2 ⋅ d A − 2 Ω D A e D t {\displaystyle {\frac {DC}{Dt}}=\int _{A}{\frac {\nabla \rho \times \nabla p}{\rho ^{2}}}\cdot dA-2\Omega {\frac {... | Topographic steering | 0.797255 |
92,895 | government and government contractor researchers. Topics covered at the symposium include shock-ship testing, water shock, weapons effects (air blast, ground shock, cratering, penetration), shock physics, earthquake engineering, structural dynamics, and shock and vibration instrumentation and experiment techniques. | Shock and Vibration Information Analysis Center | 0.797254 |
92,896 | Folkman's theorem, the statement that there exist arbitrarily large sets of integers all of whose nonempty sums are monochromatic, may be seen as a special case of Rado's theorem concerning the regularity of the system of equations x T = ∑ i ∈ T x { i } , {\displaystyle x_{T}=\sum _{i\in T}x_{\{i\}},} where T ranges ov... | Rado's theorem (Ramsey theory) | 0.797254 |
92,897 | Weil suggested that the conjectures would follow from the existence of a suitable "Weil cohomology theory" for varieties over finite fields, similar to the usual cohomology with rational coefficients for complex varieties. His idea was that if F is the Frobenius automorphism over the finite field, then the number of po... | Weil conjectures | 0.797254 |
92,898 | Each formula in the monadic predicate calculus is equivalent to a formula in which quantifiers appear only in closed subformulas of the form ∀ x P 1 ( x ) ∨ ⋯ ∨ P n ( x ) ∨ ¬ P 1 ′ ( x ) ∨ ⋯ ∨ ¬ P m ′ ( x ) {\displaystyle \forall x\,P_{1}(x)\lor \cdots \lor P_{n}(x)\lor \neg P'_{1}(x)\lor \cdots \lor \neg P'_{m}(x)} or... | Monadic logic | 0.797254 |
92,899 | According to Michiel Schuijer (2008), the hexachord theorem, that any two pitch-class complementary hexachords have the same interval vector, even if they are not equivalent under transposition and inversion, was first proposed by Milton Babbitt, and, "the discovery of the relation," was, "reported," by David Lewin in ... | Interval vector | 0.797254 |
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