id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
92,900 | Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database is an in-memory, relational database management system with persistence and high availability. Originally designed and implemented at Hewlett-Packard labs in Palo Alto, California, TimesTen spun out into a separate startup in 1996 and was acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2005.TimesTe... | TimesTen | 0.797254 |
92,901 | Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences (which include atmospheric chemistry and physics) with a major focus on weather forecasting. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not begin until the 18th century. The 19th century saw modest progress in the fie... | Agricultural meteorology | 0.797253 |
92,902 | Using those values, one can check the unitarity of the CKM matrix. In particular, we find that the first-row matrix elements give: | V u d | 2 + | V u s | 2 + | V u b | 2 = 0.9985 ± 0.0005 ; {\displaystyle |V_{\mathrm {ud} }|^{2}+|V_{\mathrm {us} }|^{2}+|V_{\mathrm {ub} }|^{2}=0.9985\pm 0.0005~;} Although the value see... | CKM parameters | 0.797253 |
92,903 | Therefore, the behavior of a linear time-invariant system can be analyzed at each frequency independently. By the convolution theorem, Fourier transforms turn the complicated convolution operation into simple multiplication, which means that they provide an efficient way to compute convolution-based operations such as ... | Fourier synthesis | 0.797253 |
92,904 | Prompt injection is a family of related computer security exploits carried out by getting a machine learning model (such as an LLM) which was trained to follow human-given instructions to follow instructions provided by a malicious user. This stands in contrast to the intended operation of instruction-following systems... | Chain-of-thought prompting | 0.797252 |
92,905 | FORMAC, the FORmula MAnipulation Compiler, was the first computer algebra system to have significant use. It was developed by Jean E. Sammet and her team, as an extension of FORTRAN IV. The compiler was implemented as a preprocessor taking the FORMAC program and converting it to a FORTRAN IV program which was in turn c... | FORMAC | 0.797252 |
92,906 | Obstetrics & Gynecology. 134 (5): 918–920. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003516. | Fertility fraud | 0.797252 |
92,907 | There is an analogue of Ramsey's theorem from combinatorics for polyadic spaces. For this, we describe the relationship between Boolean spaces and polyadic spaces. Let C O ( X ) {\displaystyle CO(X)} denote the clopen algebra of all clopen subsets of X {\displaystyle X} . We define a Boolean space as a compact Hausdorf... | Polyadic space | 0.797252 |
92,908 | On November 7, 2016 an event was held in Brussels, organized by MEP Marietje Schaake in the European Parliament and described by danah Boyd. Only eleven days later at New York University there was a conference on "Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency in Machine Learning " where Principles for Accountable Algorith... | Data portability | 0.797252 |
92,909 | Nathan Jacobson described the automorphisms of composition algebras in 1958.The classical composition algebras over R and C are unital algebras. Composition algebras without a multiplicative identity were found by H.P. Petersson (Petersson algebras) and Susumu Okubo (Okubo algebras) and others. : 463–81 | Multiplicative quadratic form | 0.797251 |
92,910 | A genetically modified sugar beet is a sugar beet that has been genetically engineered by the direct modification of its genome using biotechnology. Commercialized GM sugar beets make use of a glyphosate-resistance modification developed by Monsanto and KWS Saat. These glyphosate-resistant beets, also called 'Roundup R... | Genetically modified sugar beet | 0.797251 |
92,911 | The upshot of these historical contingencies was that until theoretical computer science began taking an interest in combinatory logic in the 1960s and 1970s, nearly all work on the subject was by Haskell Curry and his students, or by Robert Feys in Belgium. Curry and Feys (1958), and Curry et al. (1972) survey the ear... | Combinatory algebra | 0.797251 |
92,912 | In anthropology and sociology, following the field research in an academic scientific laboratory by Latour and Woolgar, Karin Knorr Cetina has conducted a comparative study of two scientific fields (namely high energy physics and molecular biology) to conclude that the epistemic practices and reasonings within both sci... | Scientific thinking | 0.797251 |
92,913 | Arithmetic surfaces over Dedekind domains are the arithmetic analogue of fibered surfaces over algebraic curves. Arithmetic surfaces arise primarily in the context of number theory. In fact, given a curve X {\displaystyle X} over a number field S {\displaystyle S} , there exists an arithmetic surface over the ring of i... | Arithmetic surface | 0.797251 |
92,914 | In organic chemistry, a polyol is an organic compound containing multiple hydroxyl groups (−OH). The term "polyol" can have slightly different meanings depending on whether it is used in food science or polymer chemistry. Polyols containing two, three and four hydroxyl groups are diols, triols, and tetrols, respectivel... | Polyol | 0.797251 |
92,915 | There is intrinsic arbitrariness in the definition of the thermodynamic forces and kinetic coefficients because they are not measurable separately and only their combinations ∑ j L i j X j {\textstyle \sum _{j}L_{ij}X_{j}} can be measured. For example, in the original work of Onsager the thermodynamic forces include ad... | Diffusion rate | 0.797251 |
92,916 | The traditional optimality-criteria are invariants of the information matrix; algebraically, the traditional optimality-criteria are functionals of the eigenvalues of the information matrix. A-optimality ("average" or trace) One criterion is A-optimality, which seeks to minimize the trace of the inverse of the informat... | Optimal design | 0.79725 |
92,917 | Basic states are characterized by a set of quantum numbers. This is a set of eigenvalues of a maximal set of commuting observables. Physical observables are represented by linear operators, also called observables, on the vectors space. Maximality means that there can be added to the set no further algebraically indepe... | Quantum wave function | 0.79725 |
92,918 | Engel's theorem: A finite dimensional Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} is nilpotent if and only if all elements of g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} are ad-nilpotent. | Nilpotent Lie algebra | 0.79725 |
92,919 | Fσ set An Fσ set is a countable union of closed sets.Filter See also: Filters in topology. A filter on a space X is a nonempty family F of subsets of X such that the following conditions hold: The empty set is not in F. The intersection of any finite number of elements of F is again in F. If A is in F and if B contains... | Glossary of topology | 0.79725 |
92,920 | Then a nonzero function e − 1 x 2 {\displaystyle e^{-{1 \over x^{2}}}} belongs to m n {\displaystyle m^{n}} for any n, since that function divided by x n {\displaystyle x^{n}} is still smooth. As for any topological ring, one can ask whether (R, m) is complete (as a uniform space); if it is not, one considers its compl... | Local ring homomorphism | 0.79725 |
92,921 | STJs are the most sensitive heterodyne receivers in the 100 GHz to 1000 GHz frequency range, and hence are used for radio astronomy at these frequencies. In this application, the STJ is dc biased at a voltage just below the gap voltage ( | V | = 2 Δ / e {\displaystyle |V|=2\Delta /e} ). A high frequency signal from an ... | Superconductor-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction | 0.797249 |
92,922 | The application stage also prepares graphics data for the next stage. This includes texture animation, animation of 3D models, animation via transforms, and geometry morphing. Finally, it produces primitives (points, lines, and triangles) based on scene information and feeds those primitives into the geometry stage of ... | Realtime 3D graphics | 0.797249 |
92,923 | {\displaystyle \{p_{x},p_{y}\}_{DB}=-{\frac {qB}{4c}}.} Therefore, the correct implementation of canonical quantization dictates the commutation relations, = − i ℏ c q B {\displaystyle =-i{\frac {\hbar c}{qB}}} = = i ℏ 2 {\displaystyle ==i{\frac {\hbar }{2}}} with the cross terms vanishing, and = − i ℏ q B 4 c . {\... | Dirac bracket | 0.797249 |
92,924 | For their investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2, Karrer and Haworth jointly received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1937. In 1931, Albert Szent-Györgyi and a fellow researcher Joseph Svirbely suspected that "hexuronic acid" was actually vitamin C, and gave a sample to Charles Glen King, who prov... | Vitamin deficiency | 0.797248 |
92,925 | According to Einstein's general theory of relativity, a freely moving particle traces a history in spacetime that maximises its proper time. This phenomenon is also referred to as the principle of maximal aging, and was described by Taylor and Wheeler as: "Principle of Extremal Aging: The path a free object takes betwe... | Time in physics | 0.797248 |
92,926 | In a final step, the decipherment of the trilingual Behistun inscription was completed by Henry Rawlinson and Edward Hincks. Edward Hincks discovered that Old Persian is partly a syllabary. In 2023 it was shown that automatic high-quality translation of Cuneiform languages like Akkadian can be achieved using natural la... | Cuneiform script | 0.797248 |
92,927 | {\displaystyle (q+Qe)(r+Re)=(qr+\gamma R^{*}Q)+(Rq+Qr^{*})e.} Zorn’s German language description of this Cayley–Dickson construction contributed to the persistent use of this eponym describing the construction of composition algebras. Cohl Furey has proposed that octonion algebras can be utilized in an attempt to recon... | Cayley algebra | 0.797248 |
92,928 | Some languages and software have special syntax features that can be used to identify a primary key as such (e.g. the PRIMARY KEY constraint in SQL). The relational model, as expressed through relational calculus and relational algebra, does not distinguish between primary keys and other kinds of keys. Primary keys wer... | Primary key | 0.797248 |
92,929 | The study of geologic structures has been of prime importance in economic geology, both petroleum geology and mining geology. Folded and faulted rock strata commonly form traps that accumulate and concentrate fluids such as petroleum and natural gas. Similarly, faulted and structurally complex areas are notable as perm... | Structural Geology | 0.797248 |
92,930 | StatXact is a statistical software package for analyzing data using exact statistics. It calculates exact p-values and confidence intervals for contingency tables and non-parametric procedures. It is marketed by Cytel Inc. | StatXact | 0.797247 |
92,931 | Torrence Douglas Parsons (1941–1987) was an American mathematician. He worked mainly in graph theory, and is known for introducing a graph-theoretic view of pursuit–evasion problems (Parsons 1976, 1978). He obtained his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1966 under the supervision of Albert W. Tucker. | Torrence Parsons | 0.797247 |
92,932 | Shape optimization is part of the field of optimal control theory. The typical problem is to find the shape which is optimal in that it minimizes a certain cost functional while satisfying given constraints. In many cases, the functional being solved depends on the solution of a given partial differential equation defi... | Structural optimization | 0.797247 |
92,933 | With a dynamic assignment, it can assign new tasks to underworked positions, to achieve a continuation or a balance of workload within the workflow.Coordination system (foreman)This function coordinates concurrent activities, to prevent resource conflicts or priority conflicts.Agent system (labourer)This function does ... | Workflow management system | 0.797247 |
92,934 | {\displaystyle F={}^{dp}/{}_{dt}.} While these scientific laws explain what our senses perceive, they are still empirical (acquired by observation or scientific experiment) and so are not like mathematical theorems which can be proved purely by mathematics. | Laws of physics | 0.797247 |
92,935 | These statistics do not apply if the cancer returns after treatment. Approximately 25% of those with localised disease will relapse with distant metastasis also known as stage IV. Median survival from diagnosis of metastasis is around 12 months. Metastasis in TNBC is different from other breast cancers with a tendency ... | Triple negative breast cancer | 0.797246 |
92,936 | The theorems are those formulae B {\displaystyle B} such that ⊢ B {\displaystyle \vdash B} (with an empty left-hand side) is the conclusion of a valid proof. (In some presentations of natural deduction, the A i {\displaystyle A_{i}} s and the turnstile are not written down explicitly; instead a two-dimensional notation... | Sequent calculus | 0.797246 |
92,937 | The theory of statistics provides a basis for the whole range of techniques, in both study design and data analysis, that are used within applications of statistics. The theory covers approaches to statistical-decision problems and to statistical inference, and the actions and deductions that satisfy the basic principl... | Statistical theory | 0.797246 |
92,938 | Astronomy and Computing is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on applications computer science in astronomy published by Elsevier. It was established in 2013 and is abstracted and indexed in the Astrophysics Data System, INSPEC and Scopus. The current editor-in-chief is Fabio Pasian (Astronomical Obse... | Astronomy and Computing | 0.797246 |
92,939 | In geometry, the triangular tiling or triangular tessellation is one of the three regular tilings of the Euclidean plane, and is the only such tiling where the constituent shapes are not parallelogons. Because the internal angle of the equilateral triangle is 60 degrees, six triangles at a point occupy a full 360 degre... | Triangular tiling | 0.797246 |
92,940 | The International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) is a non-profit international organization that shares agricultural biotechnology, focusing on genetic engineering. | International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications | 0.797246 |
92,941 | Norman Linstead Biggs (born 2 January 1941) is a leading British mathematician focusing on discrete mathematics and in particular algebraic combinatorics. | Norman L. Biggs | 0.797246 |
92,942 | In hyperbolic geometry, angle of parallelism Π ( a ) {\displaystyle \Pi (a)} , is the angle at the non-right angle vertex of a right hyperbolic triangle having two asymptotic parallel sides. The angle depends on the segment length a between the right angle and the vertex of the angle of parallelism. Given a point not o... | Angle of parallelism | 0.797246 |
92,943 | During advanced decay, most of the remains have discolored and often blackened. Putrefaction, in which tissues and cells break down and liquidize as the body decays, will be almost complete. A decomposing human body in the earth will eventually release approximately 32 g (1.1 oz) of nitrogen, 10 g (0.35 oz) of phosphor... | Human decomposition | 0.797245 |
92,944 | Principe goes on to argue that, "ll their chymical activities were unified by a common focus on the analysis, synthesis, transformation, and production of material substances." Therefore, there is not a defined contrast between the two fields until the early 18th century. Though Principe's discussion is centered on the... | Arabic alchemy | 0.797245 |
92,945 | There is of course a catch: in going from 4 to 2 dimensions the structure group of the gauge theory changes from a finite-dimensional group to an infinite-dimensional loop group. This gives another example where the moduli spaces of solutions of two apparently unrelated nonlinear partial differential equations turn out... | Michael Atiyah | 0.797245 |
92,946 | In numerical analysis, leapfrog integration is a method for numerically integrating differential equations of the form or equivalently of the form particularly in the case of a dynamical system of classical mechanics. The method is known by different names in different disciplines. In particular, it is similar to the v... | Leapfrog method | 0.797245 |
92,947 | The DFT is (or can be, through appropriate selection of scaling) a unitary transform, i.e., one that preserves energy. The appropriate choice of scaling to achieve unitarity is 1 / N {\displaystyle 1/{\sqrt {N}}} , so that the energy in the physical domain will be the same as the energy in the Fourier domain, i.e., to ... | DFT matrix | 0.797244 |
92,948 | The Cray T3E was Cray Research's second-generation massively parallel supercomputer architecture, launched in late November 1995. The first T3E was installed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center in 1996. Like the previous Cray T3D, it was a fully distributed memory machine using a 3D torus topology interconnection n... | Cray T3E | 0.797243 |
92,949 | He was a guest scientist at the Boeing Laboratories in 1966 and at Florida State University in 1975 and 1976 (with Frank Proschan). From 1963 to 1969 he was an advisor to the Rand Corporation. In addition to reliability theory, he dealt with probabilistic modeling in Bayesian statistics and statistical data analysis. I... | Richard E. Barlow | 0.797243 |
92,950 | According to Egan, "pretty much everyone" agrees that Paul should not press the button, yet CDT endorses pressing the button.Philosopher Jim Joyce, perhaps the most prominent modern defender of CDT, argues that CDT naturally is capable of taking into account any "information about what one is inclined or likely to do a... | Causal decision theory | 0.797243 |
92,951 | In late November 2019, the business announced it would acquire The Medicines Company for US$9.7 billion ($85 per share) in order to acquire amongst other assets, the cholesterol lowering therapy; inclisiran.In April 2020, the company announced it would acquire Amblyotech.In September 2020, Novartis was imposed a fine o... | Ciba Vision | 0.797243 |
92,952 | Caching of data, statistics about data usage, replications services, data migration and thin provisioning are all easily implemented in an in-band device. Out-of-band, also known as asymmetric, virtualization devices are sometimes called meta-data servers. These devices only perform the meta-data mapping functions. | Storage virtualization | 0.797243 |
92,953 | Integer factorization is the process of determining which prime numbers divide a given positive integer. Doing this quickly has applications in cryptography. The difficulty depends on both the size and form of the number and its prime factors; it is currently very difficult to factorize large semiprimes (and, indeed, m... | Integer factorization records | 0.797243 |
92,954 | When G {\displaystyle G} is a Hausdorff abelian topological group, the group G ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {G}}} with the compact-open topology is a Hausdorff abelian topological group and the natural mapping from G {\displaystyle G} to its double-dual G ^ ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {\widehat {G}}}} makes sense. If this... | Locally compact abelian topological group | 0.797243 |
92,955 | The RXNO Ontology is a formal ontology of chemical named reactions. It was originally developed at the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) and is associated with the Open Biomedical Ontologies Foundry. The RXNO ontology unifies several previous attempts to systematize chemical reactions including the Merck Index and the h... | RXNO Ontology | 0.797242 |
92,956 | The use of standard cells allows the chip's design to be split into logical and physical levels. A fabless company would normally only work on the logical design of a chip, determining how cells are connected and the functionality of the chip, while following design rules from the foundry the chip will be made in, whil... | IC design | 0.797242 |
92,957 | One can develop enough differential topology of stratifolds to show that these define a homology theory. Clearly, S H k ( point ) = 0 {\displaystyle SH_{k}({\text{point}})=0} for k > 0 {\displaystyle k>0} since every oriented stratifold S is the boundary of its cone, which is oriented if dim ( S ) > 0. {\displaystyle... | Stratifold | 0.797242 |
92,958 | Five years later, in 1864, Ludwig Boltzmann, a young student in Vienna, came across Maxwell's paper and spent much of his life developing the subject further. Statistical mechanics was initiated in the 1870s with the work of Boltzmann, much of which was collectively published in his 1896 Lectures on Gas Theory. Boltzma... | Equilibrium statistical mechanics | 0.797242 |
92,959 | Leonard J. Y. Schulman (born September 14, 1963) is professor of computer science in the Computing and Mathematical Sciences Department at the California Institute of Technology. He is known for work on algorithms, information theory, coding theory, and quantum computation. | Leonard Schulman | 0.797241 |
92,960 | Semiconductor principles were unknown to the developers of these early rectifiers. During the 1930s understanding of physics advanced and in the mid 1930s researchers at Bell Telephone Laboratories recognized the potential of the crystal detector for application in microwave technology. Researchers at Bell Labs, Wester... | Diode | 0.797241 |
92,961 | Synthetic microbial consortia (commonly called co-cultures) are multi-population systems that can contain a diverse range of microbial species, and are adjustable to serve a variety of industrial, ecological, and tautological interests. For synthetic biology, consortia take the ability to engineer novel cell behaviors ... | Synthetic microbial consortia | 0.797241 |
92,962 | A formal language L over an alphabet Σ is a subset of Σ*, that is, a set of words over that alphabet. Sometimes the sets of words are grouped into expressions, whereas rules and constraints may be formulated for the creation of 'well-formed expressions'. In computer science and mathematics, which do not usually deal wi... | Formal language theory | 0.797241 |
92,963 | His research focuses on cuprate superconductivity, superfluidity in highly degenerate atomic gases, low temperature properties of amorphous solids, conceptual issues in the formulation of quantum mechanics and topological quantum computation. The edition of 29 December 2005 of the International Herald Tribune printed a... | Anthony James Leggett | 0.79724 |
92,964 | Dark Skies Awareness was a worldwide astronomy event that ran from 2 to 5 April 2009. The IAU collaborated with the U.S. National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), representatives of the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA), the Starlight Initiative, and other national and international partners in dark-sky and... | International Year of Astronomy | 0.79724 |
92,965 | A criticism of eugenics policies is that, regardless of whether negative or positive policies are used, they are susceptible to abuse because the genetic selection criteria are determined by whichever group has political power at the time. Furthermore, many criticize negative eugenics in particular as a violation of ba... | Eugenics | 0.79724 |
92,966 | In 2014, Ginkgo was the first biotechnology company to join the Y Combinator start-up accelerator program.On 16 December 2020, it was reported that Ginkgo Bioworks would acquire the primary assets of Novogy's Microbial Engineering Platform. 2020 also saw the company acquire property worth $25 million from Marcus Partne... | Ginkgo Bioworks | 0.797239 |
92,967 | from Ohio State University in 1943, and an A.M. in physics from Princeton in 1944. He taught physics at Princeton while he worked on his masters and his doctorate, obtaining his Ph.D. | Fred Singer | 0.797238 |
92,968 | In a 2012 study conducted by researchers at the University of Toyama, the number of emerging adults was pooled together in daily recordings in order to analyze the eclosion rhythms of the moths. The number of insects that emerged at different time points was recorded when the larvae were exposed to various temperatures... | Eclosion assay | 0.797238 |
92,969 | Such a comparison would be no more cogent than the foregoing example of the lizard and the table. There are many such examples in nature; we see both a lungfish and a porpoise as having closer (but largely different) affinities to a cow than to a tuna, and a bat as having closer affinities to a banteng than to a bird o... | Affinity (taxonomy) | 0.797238 |
92,970 | Since x − 1 ∈ m R {\displaystyle x^{-1}\in {\mathfrak {m}}_{R}} , x ∉ R {\displaystyle x\not \in R} . The dominance is used in algebraic geometry. Let X be an algebraic variety over a field k. Then we say a valuation ring R in k ( X ) {\displaystyle k(X)} has "center x on X " if R {\displaystyle R} dominates the local ... | Valuation ring | 0.797238 |
92,971 | If a graph G is factor-critical, then so is the Mycielskian of G. For instance, the Grötzsch graph, the Mycielskian of a five-vertex cycle-graph, is factor-critical.Every 2-vertex-connected claw-free graph with an odd number of vertices is factor-critical. For instance, the 11-vertex graph formed by removing a vertex f... | Factor-critical graph | 0.797238 |
92,972 | This colorless liquid has a very low viscosity and a density of 0.145–0.125 g/mL (between about 0 and 4 K), which is only one-fourth the value expected from classical physics. Quantum mechanics is needed to explain this property and thus both states of liquid helium (helium I and helium II) are called quantum fluids, m... | Helium II | 0.797238 |
92,973 | Consider first composite states with two degrees of freedom, referred to as bipartite states. By a postulate of quantum mechanics these can be described as vectors in the tensor product space H 1 ⊗ H 2 {\displaystyle H_{1}\otimes H_{2}} . In this discussion we will focus on the case of the Hilbert spaces H 1 {\displays... | Product state | 0.797238 |
92,974 | The syntax of the lambda calculus defines some expressions as valid lambda calculus expressions and some as invalid, just as some strings of characters are valid C programs and some are not. A valid lambda calculus expression is called a "lambda term". The following three rules give an inductive definition that can be ... | Beta reduction | 0.797238 |
92,975 | Chemistry of Materials is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1989 by the American Chemical Society. It was founded by Leonard V. Interrante, who was the Editor-in-Chief until 2013. Jillian M. Buriak took over as Editor-in-Chief in January 2014. She was followed by Sara E. Skrabalak, who assumed the pos... | Chemistry of Materials | 0.797237 |
92,976 | In geometry, the rhombicosidodecahedron is an Archimedean solid, one of thirteen convex isogonal nonprismatic solids constructed of two or more types of regular polygon faces. It has 20 regular triangular faces, 30 square faces, 12 regular pentagonal faces, 60 vertices, and 120 edges. | Rhombicosidodecahedral graph | 0.797237 |
92,977 | The idea that inference could be represented by a purely mechanical process is found as early as Raymond Llull, who proposed a (somewhat eccentric) method of drawing conclusions by a system of concentric rings. The work of logicians such as the Oxford Calculators led to a method of using letters instead of writing out ... | History of logic | 0.797237 |
92,978 | In general, all turbines may be classified as either lift-based or drag-based, the former being more efficient. The difference between these groups is the aerodynamic force that is used to extract the energy. The most common topology is the horizontal-axis wind turbine. | Wind-turbine aerodynamics | 0.797237 |
92,979 | The pH is expected to reach 7.7 by the year 2100.An important element for the skeletons of marine animals is calcium, but calcium carbonate becomes more soluble with pressure, so carbonate shells and skeletons dissolve below the carbonate compensation depth. Calcium carbonate becomes more soluble at lower pH, so ocean ... | Oceanography | 0.797236 |
92,980 | The tuning fork scheme divided regular galaxies into three broad classes – ellipticals, lenticulars and spirals – based on their visual appearance (originally on photographic plates). A fourth class contains galaxies with an irregular appearance. The Hubble sequence is the most commonly used system for classifying gala... | Hubble type | 0.797236 |
92,981 | For example a differential manifold M has a principal bundle of frames associated to its tangent bundle. A global section will exist (by definition) only when M is parallelizable, which implies strong topological restrictions. In number theory there is a (superficially different) reason to consider principal homogeneou... | Principal homogeneous space | 0.797236 |
92,982 | The Church–Rosser theorem also holds for many variants of the lambda calculus, such as the simply-typed lambda calculus, many calculi with advanced type systems, and Gordon Plotkin's beta-value calculus. Plotkin also used a Church–Rosser theorem to prove that the evaluation of functional programs (for both lazy evaluat... | Church–Rosser theorem | 0.797236 |
92,983 | The speciality chemicals group was sold in 2018 and is now named Nouryon. It consisted of four business units. Functional Chemicals (FC) Industrial Chemicals (IC), before 1 January 2009 known as Base Chemicals (BC) Pulp and Performance Chemicals, under brand name Eka (PPC) Surface Chemistry (SC)The divestment of the fo... | AkzoNobel | 0.797235 |
92,984 | At age 37, Baltimore won the Nobel Prize with Renato Dulbecco and Howard M. Temin "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell", specifically the discovery of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. He has contributed to immunology, virology, cancer research, b... | David Baltimore | 0.797235 |
92,985 | In mathematical physics, the WKB approximation or WKB method is a method for finding approximate solutions to linear differential equations with spatially varying coefficients. It is typically used for a semiclassical calculation in quantum mechanics in which the wavefunction is recast as an exponential function, semic... | WKB method | 0.797234 |
92,986 | In this treatise, also known as Psammites, Archimedes finds a number that is greater than the grains of sand needed to fill the universe. This book mentions the heliocentric theory of the solar system proposed by Aristarchus of Samos, as well as contemporary ideas about the size of the Earth and the distance between va... | Archimedes | 0.797234 |
92,987 | Aside from his oft-cited Plasma chemistry in electrical discharges published 1967 in 16 editions in 4 languages, McTaggart was author or co-author on a number of papers in journals including Australian Journal of Chemistry, Nature, and the Journal of Applied Chemistry on experimental research into its physics and chemi... | Frederick Kenneth McTaggart | 0.797234 |
92,988 | Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1439855119. | Ethylene Oxide | 0.797234 |
92,989 | In the theory of elliptic curves, Tate's algorithm takes as input an integral model of an elliptic curve E over Q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } , or more generally an algebraic number field, and a prime or prime ideal p. It returns the exponent fp of p in the conductor of E, the type of reduction at p, the local index c... | Tate's algorithm | 0.797234 |
92,990 | Shores, Thomas S. (2018). Applied Linear Algebra and Matrix Analysis (2nd ed.). | Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics | 0.797234 |
92,991 | {\displaystyle X.} The intersection (but not necessarily the union) of two regular open sets is a regular open set. Similarly, the union (but not necessarily the intersection) of two regular closed sets is a regular closed set.The collection of all regular open sets in X {\displaystyle X} forms a complete Boolean algeb... | Regular open set | 0.797234 |
92,992 | The credit for discovering what are now called the Lagrangian and Lagrange's equations belongs also to Hamilton. Both the Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian approaches have proven important in the study of continuous classical systems in physics, and quantum mechanical systems: the techniques find use in electromagne... | William Rowan Hamilton | 0.797234 |
92,993 | He was offered the prestigious William Osler Internship in Internal Medicine at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and chose to remain at Hopkins for his residency. He completed his residency training as a cardiologist, since the department of genetics did not exist at the time. McKusick specialized in heart murmurs, and utilized... | Victor A. McKusick | 0.797234 |
92,994 | Otto Hahn is credited for promoting the use of coprecipitation in radiochemistry. There are three main mechanisms of coprecipitation: inclusion, occlusion, and adsorption. An inclusion (incorporation in the crystal lattice) occurs when the impurity occupies a lattice site in the crystal structure of the carrier, result... | Carrier (chemistry) | 0.797233 |
92,995 | By March 18, 1969, the four aquanauts had established a new world's record for saturated diving by a single team. On April 15, 1969, the aquanaut team returned to the surface with over 58 days of marine scientific studies. More than 19 hours of decompression time were needed to accommodate the scientists' return to the... | Tektite habitat | 0.797233 |
92,996 | The extension of the reservoir computing framework towards Deep Learning, with the introduction of Deep Reservoir Computing and of the Deep Echo State Network (DeepESN) model allows to develop efficiently trained models for hierarchical processing of temporal data, at the same time enabling the investigation on the inh... | Reservoir computing | 0.797233 |
92,997 | Since exp C ¯ {\displaystyle \exp {\overline {C}}} is closed, h+h = exp 2X for some X and hence h exp –X lies in G. So the closure of G exp C ¯ {\displaystyle G\exp {\overline {C}}} is closed and coincides with H ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {H}}} . Similarly if gn exp Xn tends to g exp X, then exp 2 Xn tends to exp... | Invariant convex cone | 0.797233 |
92,998 | Speed Dreams 2.0 introduced the simulation of a real sky dome, along with customizable weather conditions: the user can choose the time of day, the cloud cover and the intensity of rainfall to have during the race. The sky dome can be set up as dynamic, namely simulating the succession of day and night and the movement... | Speed Dreams | 0.797233 |
92,999 | A pendulum wave is an elementary physics demonstration and kinetic art comprising a number of uncoupled simple pendulums with monotonically increasing lengths. As the pendulums oscillate, they appear to produce travelling and standing waves, beating, and random motion. | Pendulum wave | 0.797232 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.