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93,100 | Because of the connection between separators and expansion, every minor-closed graph family, including the family of planar graphs, has polynomial expansion. The same is true for 1-planar graphs, and more generally the graphs that can be embedded onto surfaces of bounded genus with a bounded number of crossings per edg... | Bounded expansion | 0.79721 |
93,101 | He was promoted to full professorship in 1997. Some of the widely used statistical techniques and concepts that he has invented and developed include: local polynomial nonparametric quantile regression, a geometric notion of quantiles for multivariate data, adaptive transformation and re-transformation technique for th... | Probal Chaudhuri | 0.79721 |
93,102 | In genetics, attenuation is a regulatory mechanism for some bacterial operons that results in premature termination of transcription. The canonical example of attenuation used in many introductory genetics textbooks, is ribosome-mediated attenuation of the trp operon. Ribosome-mediated attenuation of the trp operon rel... | Attenuator (genetics) | 0.79721 |
93,103 | The "prediction error" hypothesis has drawn particular interest from computational neuroscientists, because an influential computational-learning method known as temporal difference learning makes heavy use of a signal that encodes prediction error. This confluence of theory and data has led to a fertile interaction be... | Prolactin-inhibiting hormone | 0.79721 |
93,104 | "Contrary to the belief generally held by laboratory physicists, astronomy has contributed to the growth of our understanding of physics." Physics has helped in the elucidation of astronomical phenomena, and astronomy has helped in the elucidation of physical phenomena: discovery of the law of gravitation came from the... | Theoretical astronomy | 0.797209 |
93,105 | The concept of the holobiont, which emphasizes the importance and interactions of a microbial host with associated microorganisms and viruses and describes their functioning as a single biological unit, has been investigated and discussed for many model systems, although there is substantial criticism of a concept that... | Seagrass holobiont | 0.797209 |
93,106 | However, not all synthetic nutrition products are animal food products – for instance, as of 2021, there are also products of synthetic coffee that are reported to be close to commercialization. Similar fields of research and production based on synthetic biology that can be used for the production of food and drink ar... | Artificial life form | 0.797209 |
93,107 | Neil Immerman (born 24 November 1953, Manhasset, New York) is an American theoretical computer scientist, a professor of computer science at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He is one of the key developers of descriptive complexity, an approach he is currently applying to research in model checking, database th... | Neil Immerman | 0.797208 |
93,108 | Major conference proceedings that are reported by the American Institute of Physics, member societies, as well as affiliated organizations are also included as part of this database. References, or citations, provide access to more than 1.5 million articles as of 2010. SPIN has no print counterpart. | SPIN bibliographic database | 0.797208 |
93,109 | First, it applies the name mass – belonging to the magnitude of a 4-vector – to a very different concept, the time component of a 4-vector. Second, it makes increase of energy of an object with velocity or momentum appear to be connected with some change in internal structure of the object. In reality, the increase of ... | Relativistic Mass | 0.797208 |
93,110 | Karol Borsuk, Polish mathematician; his main area of interest was topology; he introduced the theory of absolute retracts (ARs) and absolute neighborhood retracts (ANRs), and the cohomotopy groups, later called Borsuk–Spanier cohomotopy groups; he also founded shape theory; Borsuk's conjecture, Borsuk-Ulam theorem. Jer... | Timeline of Polish science and technology | 0.797208 |
93,111 | In the field of cellular biology, single-cell analysis is the study of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and cell–cell interactions at the single cell level. The concept of single-cell analysis originated in the 1970s. Before the discovery of heterogeneity, single-cell analysis mainly referred to the ... | Single-Cell Analysis | 0.797208 |
93,112 | DNA codes with constant GC-content can obviously be constructed from constant-composition codes (A constant composition code over a k-ary alphabet has the property that the numbers of occurrences of the k symbols within a codeword is the same for each codeword) over Z p {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{p}} by mapping the s... | Coding theory approaches to nucleic acid design | 0.797208 |
93,113 | Although virtually all of the plant management personnel had chemical engineering qualifications, there was no on-site senior manager with mechanical engineering expertise. Mechanical engineering issues with the modification were overlooked by the managers who approved it, and the severity of potential consequences due... | Flixborough disaster | 0.797207 |
93,114 | A frame language is a technology used for knowledge representation in artificial intelligence. They are similar to class hierarchies in object-oriented languages although their fundamental design goals are different. Frames are focused on explicit and intuitive representation of knowledge whereas objects focus on encap... | Semantic frames | 0.797207 |
93,115 | Applications of the fundamental groupoid on a set of base points to the Jordan curve theorem, covering spaces, and orbit spaces are given in Ronald Brown's book. In the case of orbit spaces, it is convenient to take A to include all the fixed points of the action. An example here is the conjugation action on the circle... | Seifert–Van Kampen theorem | 0.797207 |
93,116 | In mathematics and computer science, a higher-order function (HOF) is a function that does at least one of the following: takes one or more functions as arguments (i.e. a procedural parameter, which is a parameter of a procedure that is itself a procedure), returns a function as its result.All other functions are first... | Functional form | 0.797207 |
93,117 | In mathematics, weak bialgebras are a generalization of bialgebras that are both algebras and coalgebras but for which the compatibility conditions between the two structures have been "weakened". In the same spirit, weak Hopf algebras are weak bialgebras together with a linear map S satisfying specific conditions; the... | Weak Hopf algebra | 0.797207 |
93,118 | Many historical examples show that results of Small Science can have enormous impacts: Galois theory, one of the foundational theories of abstract algebra was developed by Évariste Galois within just weeks. Albert Einstein developed his theory of special relativity as a hobby while working full-time in a patent office.... | Small science | 0.797207 |
93,119 | The tensor processing unit was announced in May 2016 at Google I/O, when the company said that the TPU had already been used inside their data centers for over a year. The chip has been specifically designed for Google's TensorFlow framework, a symbolic math library which is used for machine learning applications such ... | Tensor Processing Unit | 0.797207 |
93,120 | In certain cancers, such as peripheral nerve sheath tumors, high expression of its encoded protein is also associated to poor patient survival. The two classes of topoisomerases possess a similar strand passage mechanism and domain structure (see below), however they also have several important differences. Type IIA to... | Topoisomerase II | 0.797206 |
93,121 | In mathematical physics, the 2D N = 2 superconformal algebra is an infinite-dimensional Lie superalgebra, related to supersymmetry, that occurs in string theory and two-dimensional conformal field theory. It has important applications in mirror symmetry. It was introduced by M. Ademollo, L. Brink, and A. D'Adda et al. ... | N=2 superconformal algebra | 0.797206 |
93,122 | A p-dimensional submanifold Σ of M is said to be a calibrated submanifold with respect to φ (or simply φ-calibrated) if TΣ lies in G(φ). A famous one line argument shows that calibrated p-submanifolds minimize volume within their homology class. Indeed, suppose that Σ is calibrated, and Σ ′ is a p submanifold in the sa... | Calibrated geometry | 0.797206 |
93,123 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Me28S-Cm788 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell, which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nu... | Small nucleolar RNA Me28S-Cm788 | 0.797206 |
93,124 | Otto Theodor Benfey (born 31 October 1925) is a chemist and historian of science. Sent to England to escape Nazi Germany at age 10, he completed his education as a chemist at University College London before moving to the United States. A Quaker and a pacifist, Benfey taught at Haverford College, Earlham College, and G... | Otto Theodor Benfey | 0.797206 |
93,125 | In 2001, Qi became a research scientist at General Motors Research and Development, where she was recognized for work in interfacial tribology and multiscale modeling of aluminum plasticity. Her research focused on using computational analysis of grain boundaries to improve the strength and flexibility of aluminum pane... | Yue Qi | 0.797205 |
93,126 | He also spent 1928 to 1929 on a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.In 1922, Niessen’s doctoral thesis, as well as Wolfgang Pauli’s extended doctoral thesis, dealt with the hydrogen molecule ion in the Bohr–Sommerfeld framework. Their work is referred to as the Pauli-Niessen model. ... | Karel Niessen | 0.797205 |
93,127 | Kardar, Mehran (2007). Statistical Physics of Fields. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-87341-3. | List of textbooks in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics | 0.797205 |
93,128 | Contains the following works by Poincaré: 1894, "On the Nature of Mathematical Reasoning", 972–81. 1898, "On the Foundations of Geometry", 982–1011. 1900, "Intuition and Logic in Mathematics", 1012–20. | Henri Poincaré | 0.797205 |
93,129 | Vera prominently argues that since other light-demanding and often thorny woody species exist in Europe—species such as common hawthorn, midland hawthorn, blackthorn, Crataegus rhipidophylla, wild pear and crab apple—their ecology can only be explained under the influence of large herbivores, and that in the absence of... | Megaherbivore theory | 0.797205 |
93,130 | In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other. They can be either of the same species (intraspecific interactions), or of different species (interspecific interactions). These effects may be short-term, or long-term, both often strongly inf... | Species interaction | 0.797205 |
93,131 | Shortest path bridging and TRILL each allow Ethernet switches to be connected in a mesh topology and allow for all paths to be active. IP routing supports multiple paths from source to destination. | Mesh networking | 0.797204 |
93,132 | According to Hans Zassenhaus: O. Schreier's and Artin's ingenious characterization of formally real fields as fields in which –1 is not the sum of squares and the ensuing deduction of the existence of an algebraic ordering of such fields started the discipline of real algebra. Really, Artin and his congenial friend and... | Otto Schreier | 0.797204 |
93,133 | That same year, the Economist ran a cover story entitled "Open Your Mind: The Ethics of Brain Science", Nature published the article "Emerging ethical issues in neuroscience". Further articles appeared on neuroethics in Nature Neuroscience, Neuron, and Brain and Cognition. | Neuroethics | 0.797204 |
93,134 | In organic chemistry a methylthiomethyl (MTM) ether is a protective group for hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyl groups are present in many chemical compounds and they must be protected during oxidation, acylation, halogenation, dehydration and other reactions to which they are susceptible. Many kinds of protective groups for h... | Methylthiomethyl ether | 0.797204 |
93,135 | Nanobiotix is currently in the clinical stage of developing NBTXR3, a “radioenhancer” that uses nanotechnology to make cancer cells more receptive to radiotherapy. NBTXR3 is an aqueous suspension of crystalline metallic nanoparticles approximately 50 nanometers in diameter, designed for injection directly into a malign... | Nanobiotix | 0.797204 |
93,136 | Consider an imaginary quadratic field K = Q ( − d ) , d ∈ Z , d > 0 {\textstyle K=\mathbb {Q} \left({\sqrt {-d}}\right),\,d\in \mathbb {Z} ,d>0} . An elliptic function f {\displaystyle f} is said to have complex multiplication if there is an algebraic relation between f ( z ) {\displaystyle f(z)} and f ( λ z ) {\displa... | Complex multiplication | 0.797203 |
93,137 | socle The socle of a module is the sum of its simple submodules. spectrum 1. The prime spectrum of a ring, often just called the spectrum, is a locally ringed space whose underlying topological space is the set of prime ideals with the Zariski topology. | Formally equidimensional | 0.797203 |
93,138 | Greaves, Hilary. 2010. "Towards a Geometrical Understanding of the CPT Theorem". | Hilary Greaves | 0.797203 |
93,139 | In organic chemistry, Wittig reagents are organophosphorus compounds of the formula R3P=CHR', where R is usually phenyl. They are used to convert ketones and aldehydes to alkenes: | Wittig reagents | 0.797203 |
93,140 | However, crevice corrosion is also a significant possibility and a PREN > 40 is typically specified for seawater service.These alloys need to be manufactured and heat treated correctly to be seawater corrosion resistant to the expected level. PREN alone is not an indicator of corrosion resistance. The value should be c... | Pitting resistance equivalent number | 0.797203 |
93,141 | Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq) analysis of myelinoids generated in 2018, confirmed that there were distinct populations of oligodendrocytes throughout multiple stages of development in oligocortical spheroids which closely matched the single-cell transcriptome data obtained from human fetal cortex. Due to their... | Myelinoid | 0.797203 |
93,142 | Volcanoes, wind, or water can produce layers. A detailed discussion of layering with many Martian examples can be found in Sedimentary Geology of Mars.Recent research leads scientists to believe that some of the craters in Arabia may have held huge lakes. | Cassini (Martian crater) | 0.797202 |
93,143 | They were used to tune the tank circuits of radio transmitters to resonance. Another example of their use was to find nodes of standing waves on transmission lines, such as Lecher lines used to measure the frequency of early radio transmitters. Another use around 1900 was as the light source in Pulfrich refractometers.... | Geissler tube | 0.797202 |
93,144 | Canonically, if the field at each point in space is a simple harmonic oscillator, its quantization places a quantum harmonic oscillator at each point. Excitations of the field correspond to the elementary particles of particle physics. Thus, according to the theory, even the vacuum has a vastly complex structure and al... | Vacuum energy | 0.797202 |
93,145 | A parameter θ may be used to recover any image, including its noise. However, the network is reluctant to pick up noise because it contains high impedance while useful signal offers low impedance. This results in the θ parameter approaching a good-looking local optimum so long as the number of iterations in the optimiz... | Deep Image Prior | 0.797201 |
93,146 | Pairing-based cryptography has led to several cryptographic advancements. One of these advancements is more powerful and more efficient non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs. The seminal idea was to hide the values for the pairing evaluation in a commitment. Using different commitment schemes, this idea was used to bui... | Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof | 0.797201 |
93,147 | Hans Kopfermann Kernmomente and Nuclear Momenta (Akademische Verl., 1940, 1956, and Academic Press, 1958) R. Resnick; R. Eisberg (1985). Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and Particles (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. | Magnetic spin | 0.797201 |
93,148 | In biology, a cline is a continuum of species, populations, varieties, or forms of organisms that exhibit gradual phenotypic and/or genetic differences over a geographical area, typically as a result of environmental heterogeneity. In the scientific study of human genetic variation, a gene cline can be rigorously defin... | Human genetic variation | 0.797201 |
93,149 | Within the research center there is also Biogeo, a museum dedicated to the origins of geological history throughout the eras from the Precambrian until the Jurassic. Founded in collaboration with the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, the museum attempts to showcase and illustrate the origin and developm... | BioGeM | 0.797201 |
93,150 | The shape and position of this feature shifts rapidly, with the equatorial wind appearing as a series of wisp-like features that steepen, brighten, then fade as they move away from the pulsar into the main body of the nebula. The period of the pulsar's rotation is increasing by 38 nanoseconds per day due to the large a... | Crab Pulsar | 0.797201 |
93,151 | Knowledge Engineering is a field of computer science which offers a significant body of work on problem-solving methods. Problem-solving methods are patterns of reasoning that are applied to solve specific problems. The work on problem abstractions within knowledge engineering can therefore provide a basis for research... | Problem-oriented development | 0.7972 |
93,152 | Membranes created from metal such as alumina membranes, are made by electrochemically growing a thin layer of aluminum oxide from aluminum metal in an acidic medium. Some water-treatment devices incorporating nanotechnology are already on the market, with more in development. Low-cost nanostructured separation membrane... | Nanotechnology in water treatment | 0.7972 |
93,153 | Unlike the organolithium compounds, the organometallic compounds of the heavier alkali metals are predominantly ionic. The application of organosodium compounds in chemistry is limited in part due to competition from organolithium compounds, which are commercially available and exhibit more convenient reactivity. The p... | Alkali group | 0.7972 |
93,154 | The Dialectical Biologist is a 1985 book by the ecologist Richard Levins and the biologist Richard Lewontin, in which the authors sketch a dialectical approach to biology. They see "dialectics" more as a set of questions to ask about biological research, a weapon against dogmatism, than as a set of pre-determined answe... | The Dialectical Biologist | 0.7972 |
93,155 | Authentication techniques can be used to ensure that communication end-points are who they say they are. Automated theorem proving and other verification tools can be used to enable critical algorithms and code used in secure systems to be mathematically proven to meet their specifications. Backups are one or more copi... | Software security | 0.7972 |
93,156 | "Shalizi gave an invited "Distinguished Lecture" at the University of California at Santa Barbara Data Science Initiative in May 2019. There he presented analysis of the statistical weaknesses of utilizing observational data to infer neighborhood effects in social networks. Id. Shalizi's scholarly work has been cited m... | Cosma Shalizi | 0.797199 |
93,157 | In electronics, a split-pi topology is a pattern of component interconnections used in a kind of power converter that can theoretically produce an arbitrary output voltage, either higher or lower than the input voltage. In practice the upper voltage output is limited to the voltage rating of components used. It is esse... | Split-pi topology | 0.797199 |
93,158 | Collins studied biology at The University of Sussex, where his tutor was the leading theoretical biologist John Maynard Smith. In 1975 Collins voiced to Maynard Smith the view that natural selection could not drive evolution because it always acted to reduce variation in favour of an optimum type for any environment, w... | Warwick Collins | 0.797199 |
93,159 | These apparent violations are due to the fact that the traditional conservation laws in classical and quantum electrodynamics (QED) only display linear U(1) symmetry (in particular, by the extended Noether theorem, conservation laws such as the laws of thermodynamics need not always apply to dissipative systems, which ... | Zero point energy | 0.797199 |
93,160 | "Comparative chromosomics" defines the field of cytogenetics dealing with molecular approaches, although "chromosomics" was originally introduced to define the research of chromatin dynamics and morphological changes in interphase chromosome structures.Chromosome painting or Zoo-FISH was the first technique to have a w... | Genome diversity and karyotype evolution of mammals | 0.797199 |
93,161 | Prof. Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao Memorial Lecture Award is given for the outstanding contributions in the subject of Spectroscopy in Physics. The award was established by the National Institute of Sciences of India, located in Calcutta in 1979. List of Awardees | Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao | 0.797199 |
93,162 | Behavioural sciences include two broad categories: neural – Information sciences and social – Relational sciences. Information processing sciences deal with information processing of stimuli from the social environment by cognitive entities in order to engage in decision making, social judgment and social perception fo... | Behavioral scientists | 0.797199 |
93,163 | Quality & Quantity is an interdisciplinary double-blind peer-reviewed academic journal dealing with methodological issues in the fields of economics, psychology and sociology, mathematics, and statistics. The journal is published by Springer Science+Business Media. | Quality & Quantity | 0.797198 |
93,164 | When experimentalists present papers at seminars and conferences, they always begin with a detailed description of their detector and devote at least a third of their talks to these machines before introducing the data generated in their experiments and reporting how those data were analyzed in order to produce "curves... | Sharon Traweek | 0.797198 |
93,165 | Dmitry Lachinov (1842-1902), Russian climatologist and engineer Hubert Lamb (1913-1997), British climatologist, founder of the Climatic Research Unit at University of East Anglia Kurt Lambeck, Australian, cryosphere-hydrosphere-lithosphere interactions, and sea level rise and its impact on human populations Helmut Land... | List of climate scientists | 0.797198 |
93,166 | In addition, the GCI 2016 also included updated definitions (e.g. replacing 3G coverage with 4G coverage) based on advances in ICT. In 2018, the GCI broadened the scope from 50 to 79 nations. The research methodology was expanded in 2019 again by adding the new AI perimeter which includes: Data creation, AI Investment,... | Global Connectivity Index | 0.797198 |
93,167 | Apache Cassandra - A NoSQL database from Apache Software Foundation offers support for clusters spanning multiple datacenter Apache CouchDB - A NoSQL database from Apache Software Foundation with multi-master replication MariaDB - A community-developed relational database management system with pluggable storage engine... | List of free and open-source software packages | 0.797198 |
93,168 | The mean and the standard deviation of a set of data are descriptive statistics usually reported together. In a certain sense, the standard deviation is a "natural" measure of statistical dispersion if the center of the data is measured about the mean. This is because the standard deviation from the mean is smaller tha... | Standard deviations | 0.797197 |
93,169 | Klimov was a student of Nikolay Bogolyubov at the Academy Institute for Chemical Physics. He worked as a laboratory assistant there, along with Dmitry Shirkov. Director Nikolay Semyonov assented to Bogolyubov's suggestion that they be employed as full-time workers. Klimov worked in a single, secure room with his collea... | Valentin Klimov | 0.797197 |
93,170 | Next we need an order O {\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}} in A {\displaystyle A} . Let O 1 {\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}^{1}} be the group of elements in O {\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}} of reduced norm 1 and let Γ {\displaystyle \Gamma } be its image in M 2 ( R ) {\displaystyle M_{2}(\mathbb {R} )} via ϕ {\displaystyle \... | Arithmetic Fuchsian group | 0.797197 |
93,171 | The U* index theory has been validated through two different physical experiments.Since the U* index predicts the load paths based on the structural stiffness, it is not affected by the stress concentration problems. The load transfer analysis using the U* index is a new design paradigm for vehicle structural design. I... | Load path analysis | 0.797197 |
93,172 | The convergence is exponentially fast.After its success in quantum mechanics, VPT has been developed further to become an important mathematical tool in quantum field theory with its anomalous dimensions. Applications focus on the theory of critical phenomena. It has led to the most accurate predictions of critical exp... | Variational perturbation theory | 0.797196 |
93,173 | In 1994, this work was generalized in a seminal work by Tofte and Talpin to support type polymorphism and higher-order functions in Standard ML, a functional programming language, using a different algorithm based on type inference and the theoretical concepts of polymorphic region types and the region calculus. Their ... | Region-based memory management | 0.797196 |
93,174 | "The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis" is an article that the English mathematician Alan Turing wrote in 1952. It describes how patterns in nature, such as stripes and spirals, can arise naturally from a homogeneous, uniform state. The theory, which can be called a reaction–diffusion theory of morphogenesis, has become ... | The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis | 0.797196 |
93,175 | Early neural modeling attempts were by Yehuda Salu. An increasing body of knowledge has been collected concerning the corresponding mechanisms in the brain. In technology, the principle became important for radar detection methods during the Cold War, where unusual aircraft-reflection patterns could indicate an attack ... | Novelty detection | 0.797196 |
93,176 | Although stereolithography can be used to produce virtually any synthetic design, it is often costly, though the price is coming down. Since 2012, however, public interest in 3D printing has inspired the design of several consumer SLA machines which can cost considerably less. Beginning in 2016, substitution of the SLA... | Stereolithography | 0.797195 |
93,177 | In molecular biology, the XPC binding domain is thought to play a role in DNA damage discrimination and in the enhancement of cell survival. They bind specifically and directly to the xeroderma pigmentosum group C protein (XPC) to initiate nucleotide excision repair (NER). Members of this entry adopt a structure consis... | XPC-binding | 0.797195 |
93,178 | Comte had earlier used the term "social physics", but that term had been appropriated by others, notably by Adolphe Quetelet. The most important thing to determine was the natural order in which the sciences stand – not how they can be made to stand, but how they must stand, irrespective of the wishes of anyone...This ... | Auguste Comte | 0.797195 |
93,179 | According to Bell's theorem, if nature actually operates in accord with any theory of local hidden variables, then the results of a Bell test will be constrained in a particular, quantifiable way. Many Bell tests have been performed, using entangled particles, and they have shown results incompatible with the constrain... | Quantum laws | 0.797195 |
93,180 | Applied Digital Data Systems (ADDS) was a supplier of video display computer terminals, founded in 1969 by Leeam Lowin and William J. Catacosinos. Lowin simultaneously founded Solid State Data Sciences (SSDS). SSDS was one of the first developers of the MOS/LSI integrated circuits that were key to ADDS's product line.I... | Applied Digital Data Systems | 0.797195 |
93,181 | Shortly after Langmuir described the transfer of amphiphilic films from water surfaces to solid surfaces (Langmuir, 1920). Langmuir won the Nobel prize in chemistry for this work in 1932.Neil Kensington Adam summarized and expanded on the work of Langmuir in a series of several papers published in Proceedings of the Ro... | Langmuir-Blodgett trough | 0.797195 |
93,182 | Maxwell was also the first to make explicit use of dimensional analysis, in 1871.In 1871 he returned to Cambridge to become the first Cavendish Professor of Physics. Maxwell was put in charge of the development of the Cavendish Laboratory, supervising every step in the progress of the building and of the purchase of th... | James Clerk Maxwell | 0.797194 |
93,183 | In the implementation of PhyCV, each algorithm is represented as a class in Python and each class has methods that simulate the steps described above. The modular code architecture follows the physics behind the algorithm. Please refer to the source code on GitHub for more details. | PhyCV | 0.797194 |
93,184 | A boundary condition is derived from continuity of y(t) and dy/dt.Solution of (1) in the stationary mode thus is obtained by solving a system of algebraic equations as The integration constants are obtained by the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. With f ( y ) = μ ( − 1 + y 2 ) {\displaystyle f(y)=\mu (-1+y^{2})} , μ = co... | Biryukov equation | 0.797194 |
93,185 | The number of indices equals the degree (or order) of the tensor. For compactness and convenience, the Ricci calculus incorporates Einstein notation, which implies summation over indices repeated within a term and universal quantification over free indices. Expressions in the notation of the Ricci calculus may generall... | Absolute differential calculus | 0.797194 |
93,186 | In geometry, a generalized quadrangle is an incidence structure whose main feature is the lack of any triangles (yet containing many quadrangles). A generalized quadrangle is by definition a polar space of rank two. They are the generalized n-gons with n = 4 and near 2n-gons with n = 2. They are also precisely the part... | Generalized quadrangle | 0.797193 |
93,187 | In information theory, the information projection or I-projection of a probability distribution q onto a set of distributions P is p ∗ = arg min p ∈ P D K L ( p | | q ) {\displaystyle p^{*}={\underset {p\in P}{\arg \min }}\operatorname {D} _{\mathrm {KL} }(p||q)} .where D K L {\displaystyle D_{\mathrm {KL} }} is th... | Information projection | 0.797192 |
93,188 | In June 2004, a team of researchers from the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience at UCL published research in Nature describing how the human brain subconsciously remembers the details of past dangers. In December 2004, researchers from the UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience published research identifying ... | UCL Neuroscience | 0.797192 |
93,189 | In computer science, a literal is a notation for representing a fixed value in source code. Almost all programming languages have notations for atomic values such as integers, floating-point numbers, and strings, and usually for booleans and characters; some also have notations for elements of enumerated types and comp... | Object literal | 0.797192 |
93,190 | He has served on numerous advisory committees for the Department of Energy, Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the National Research Council. He was chairman of the Department of Chemistry at Yale from 1987-1990. He is a past Editor of the Biophysical Journal. | Peter Moore (chemist) | 0.797191 |
93,191 | In general, when an n-dimensional grid network is connected circularly in more than one dimension, the resulting network topology is a torus, and the network is called "toroidal". When the number of nodes along each dimension of a toroidal network is 2, the resulting network is called a hypercube. A parallel computing ... | Grid network | 0.79719 |
93,192 | Fiske Planetarium and Science Center is a public museum dedicated to educating the public on astronomy and astrophysics. It is a constituent of the Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences at the University of Colorado Boulder, located in Boulder, Colorado. Fiske was founded in 1975, by a donation from Wallac... | Fiske Planetarium | 0.79719 |
93,193 | Jespersen disagreed with early grammarians on their formulation of "universal grammar", arguing that they tried to derive too much from Latin, and that a UG based on Latin was bound to fail considering the breadth of worldwide linguistic variation. He does not fully dispense with the idea of a "universal grammar", but ... | Innate grammar | 0.79719 |
93,194 | In mathematics, a supermodule is a Z2-graded module over a superring or superalgebra. Supermodules arise in super linear algebra which is a mathematical framework for studying the concept supersymmetry in theoretical physics. Supermodules over a commutative superalgebra can be viewed as generalizations of super vector ... | Supermodule | 0.79719 |
93,195 | There are several basic nuclear structure problems which must be handled to establish that any given method works. It is necessary to compute the deuteron wave function, solve mean-field theory (basic nuclear shell model) for infinite nuclear matter and for finite-sized nuclei, and improve the mean-field theory by incl... | Light-front quantization | 0.79719 |
93,196 | Not all oriented matroids are representable—that is, not all have realizations as point configurations, or, equivalently, hyperplane arrangements. However, in some sense, all oriented matroids come close to having realizations are hyperplane arrangements. In particular, the Folkman–Lawrence topological representation t... | Oriented matroid | 0.79719 |
93,197 | Alonzo Church's mathematical notation, the lambda calculus, has inspired Lisp's use of "lambda" as a keyword for introducing a procedure, as well as influencing the development of functional programming techniques involving the use of higher-order functions in Lisp. But early Lisps were not suitable expressions of the ... | Scheme programming language | 0.797189 |
93,198 | The imager is designed for wide views but the spectrograph has a smaller view. Because it views the longer wavelengths it needs to be cooler than the other instruments (see Infrared astronomy), and it has an additional cooling system. | Mid-Infrared Instrument | 0.797189 |
93,199 | In 4-dimensional complex geometry, the regular complex polytope 3{3}3{3}3{3}3, and Coxeter diagram exists with the same vertex arrangement as the 421 polytope. It is self-dual. Coxeter called it the Witting polytope, after Alexander Witting. | Gosset 4 21 polytope | 0.797189 |
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