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94,200 | Intersection theory is still a motivating force in the development of (higher) algebraic K-theory through its links with motivic cohomology and specifically Chow groups. The subject also includes classical number-theoretic topics like quadratic reciprocity and embeddings of number fields into the real numbers and compl... | Special Whitehead group | 0.796988 |
94,201 | A polyyne is any organic compound with alternating single and triple bonds; that is, a series of consecutive alkynes, (−C≡C−)n with n greater than 1. These compounds are also called polyacetylenes, especially in the natural products and chemical ecology literature, even though this nomenclature more properly refers to ... | Polyyne | 0.796988 |
94,202 | Benoit Mandelbrot, who developed mathematical models of market pricing based on fractal geometry, expressed caution about the validity of wave models: But Wave prediction is a very uncertain business. It is an art to which the subjective judgment of the chartists matters more than the objective, replicable verdict of t... | Elliott wave theory | 0.796988 |
94,203 | The advantage of purely passive optical sensor technology is the lack of electric or electromagnetic interaction. Some DTS systems on the market use a special low power design and are inherently safe in explosive environments, e.g. certified to ATEX directive Zone 0. For use in fire detection application, regulations u... | Distributed temperature sensing | 0.796988 |
94,204 | The proof of the theorem is straightforward if one considers the areas of the main parallelogram and the two inner parallelograms around its diagonal: first, the difference between the main parallelogram and the two inner parallelograms is exactly equal to the combined area of the two complements; second, all three of ... | Theorem of the gnomon | 0.796987 |
94,205 | In 2006, the IEET launched the following activities: Securing the Future: Identification and advocacy for global solutions to threats to the future of civilization. Rights of the Person: Campaign to deepen and broaden the concept of human rights. Longer, Better Lives: Case for longer healthier lives, addressing objecti... | Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies | 0.796987 |
94,206 | Frank Field was born in Keansburg, New Jersey, on February 27, 1922. His father died two months after he was born and his mother died in 1933, after which he was raised by his aunt in Cliffside Park, New Jersey. He attended Duke University, where he studied chemistry, receiving his B.S. degree in chemistry in 1943, M.S... | Frank H. Field | 0.796987 |
94,207 | It is a well illustrated volume of 1305 pages in a very large format that presents a wealth of morphological data. Unfortunately, all of these data are only interpreted in terms of classical morphology and the qualitative homology concept, disregarding modern conceptional innovations. Including continuum and process mo... | Plant morphology | 0.796987 |
94,208 | The CLIGEN database contains weather statistics from more than 2,600 weather stations in the United States. The WEPP climate database is supplemented by the PRISM database, which further refines the climatic data based on longitude, latitude, and elevation. WEPP can provide daily runoff, subsurface flow, and sediment o... | WEPP | 0.796986 |
94,209 | Students tending toward a more internal locus of control are more academically successful, thus encouraging curriculum and activity development with consideration of motivation theories.Academic motivation orientation may also be tied with one's ability to detect and process errors. Fisher, Nanayakkara, and Marshall co... | Extrinsic motivation | 0.796986 |
94,210 | In mathematical physics higher gauge theory is the general study of counterparts of gauge theory that involve higher-degree differential forms instead of the traditional connection forms of gauge theories. | Higher gauge theory | 0.796986 |
94,211 | Shaukat Hameed Khan (Urdu: شوکت حمید خان; born 4 September 1941) PP, PhD, FPAS, is a Pakistani optical physicist and a visiting professor of physics at the Comsats University in Islamabad. Khan is known for his understanding in spark gap and plasma-induced Lasers in ionized environment.His career is mostly spent at the... | Shaukat Hameed Khan | 0.796986 |
94,212 | The dual Steenrod algebras are supercommutative Hopf algebras, so their spectra are algebra supergroup schemes. These group schemes are closely related to the automorphisms of 1-dimensional additive formal groups. For example, if p = 2 {\displaystyle p=2} then the dual Steenrod algebra is the group scheme of automorphi... | Steenrod operation | 0.796986 |
94,213 | A year later this name was officially adopted by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) after 100 years of controversy, despite the chronological precedence of the name columbium. This was a compromise of sorts; the IUPAC accepted tungsten instead of wolfram in deference to North American usage; ... | Niobium | 0.796986 |
94,214 | She obtained her Ph.D. in materials chemistry from University of California, Riverside, with a focus on electron delocalization and molecular structure in 2005. She completed her postdoctoral studies in chemistry and chemical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, from 2005 to 2008. At Berkeley Almutair... | Adah Almutairi | 0.796986 |
94,215 | They may be involved in designing and constructing plants as a project engineer. Chemical engineers serving as project engineers use their knowledge in selecting optimal production methods and plant equipment to minimize costs and maximize safety and profitability. After plant construction, chemical engineering project... | Chemical Technology | 0.796986 |
94,216 | The standard polynomial of degree n is S n ( x 1 , … , x n ) = ∑ σ ∈ S n sgn ( σ ) x σ ( 1 ) ⋯ x σ ( n ) {\displaystyle S_{n}(x_{1},\dots ,x_{n})=\sum _{\sigma \in S_{n}}{\text{sgn}}(\sigma )x_{\sigma (1)}\cdots x_{\sigma (n)}} in non-commuting variables x1, ..., xn, where the sum is taken over all n! elements of the s... | Amitsur–Levitzki theorem | 0.796986 |
94,217 | Benjamin Franklin Cravatt III is a professor in the Department of Chemistry at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. Considered a co-inventor of activity-based proteomics and a substantial contributor to research on the endocannabinoid system, he is a prominent figure in the nascent field of chemical ... | Protomap (proteomics) | 0.796985 |
94,218 | The natural time scale of electron motion in atoms, molecules, and solids is the attosecond (1 as= 10−18 s). This fact is a direct consequence of quantum mechanics laws. Indeed, for simplicity, consider a quantum particle in superposition between ground-level, of energy ϵ 0 {\displaystyle \epsilon _{0}} , and the first... | Attosecond physics | 0.796985 |
94,219 | It is spinning relatively quickly, with an estimated rotation period of 4.84 days. The surface magnetic field of the star has a complex and variable geometry. It is a BY Draconis variable star with an active chromosphere, which means there is a rotational modulation of its luminosity due to star spots. | HN Pegasi | 0.796985 |
94,220 | In organic chemistry, a nucleophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where a chemical compound with an electrophilic double or triple bond reacts with a nucleophile, such that the double or triple bond is broken. Nucleophilic additions differ from electrophilic additions in that the former reactions involve t... | Nucleophilic addition | 0.796985 |
94,221 | ISBN 978-0-387-90977-6. Jänich, Klaus (1984). Topology. | Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics | 0.796985 |
94,222 | In 1981, with the help of venture capital funding, the company made its first acquisition; Whatman Biochemicals Ltd. In 1982, it made its second acquisition, British-based Koch-Light Laboratories, later becoming Genzyme Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemicals.Henri Termeer joined Genzyme as its president in 1983 and worked t... | Genzyme | 0.796985 |
94,223 | Chiang Chung "CC" Mei (born 4 April 1935) is Ford Professor of Engineering, Emeritus, at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, known for his contributions in fluid mechanics with applications to civil, environmental, and coastal engineering. He has been an Assoc... | Chiang C. Mei | 0.796984 |
94,224 | The text provides an introduction to the basics of integral and differential calculus in one dimension, including sequences and series of functions. In an Appendix, they also treat the extension of their model to the hyperhyperreals, and demonstrate some applications for the extended model. An elementary calculus text ... | Infinitesimal | 0.796984 |
94,225 | John J. Tyson (born December 12, 1947, in Abington, Pennsylvania) is an American systems biologist and mathematical biologist who serves as University Distinguished Professor of Biology at Virginia Tech, and is the former president of the Society for Mathematical Biology. He is known for his research on biochemical swi... | John J. Tyson | 0.796983 |
94,226 | In number theory, an equidigital number is a natural number in a given number base that has the same number of digits as the number of digits in its prime factorization in the given number base, including exponents but excluding exponents equal to 1. For example, in base 10, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 (2 × 5) are equidigita... | Equidigital number | 0.796983 |
94,227 | The construction of higher order syzygy modules is generalized as the definition of free resolutions, which allows restating Hilbert's syzygy theorem as a polynomial ring in n indeterminates over a field has global homological dimension n. If a and b are two elements of the commutative ring R, then (b, –a) is a relatio... | Linear relation | 0.796983 |
94,228 | In some cases depending on the geology the gas may migrate to the top of the oil and form a secondary gas cap. Some energy may be supplied by water, gas in water, or compressed rock. These are usually minor contributions with respect to hydrocarbon expansion. | Gas reservoir | 0.796983 |
94,229 | Plato, it is said, taught this method to Leodamas, who is also reported to have made many discoveries in geometry by means of it. and one in Diogenes Laërtius' Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers, Book 3 (Plato): He was the first to explain to Leodamas of Thasos the method of solving problems by analysis. == N... | Leodamas of Thasos | 0.796983 |
94,230 | In geometry, Brahmagupta's theorem states that if a cyclic quadrilateral is orthodiagonal (that is, has perpendicular diagonals), then the perpendicular to a side from the point of intersection of the diagonals always bisects the opposite side. It is named after the Indian mathematician Brahmagupta (598-668).More speci... | Brahmagupta's theorem | 0.796983 |
94,231 | a bitmap shape contained raster data in any of the supported pixel formats. a picture shape was a grouping of other shapes (possibly including recursive picture shapes), with the option of specifying additional transformations applying to the whole group. the various types of typographic shapes are described in the GX ... | QuickDraw GX | 0.796983 |
94,232 | EBSD is used in a wide range of applications, including materials science and engineering, geology, and biological research. In materials science and engineering, EBSD is used to study the microstructure of metals, ceramics, and polymers, and to develop models of material behaviour. In geology, EBSD is used to study th... | Scattered electron imaging | 0.796982 |
94,233 | )It was unclear whether along with his resignation from Steklov and subsequent seclusion Perelman stopped his mathematics research. Yakov Eliashberg, another Russian mathematician, said that in 2007 Perelman confided to him that he was working on other things, but that it was too premature to discuss them. Perelman has... | Grigori Perelman | 0.796982 |
94,234 | Sadler was the IoP Young Professional Physicist of the Year in 2005. Robert Matthews is a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society, a Chartered Physicist, a Member of the Institute of Physics, and a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society. Matthews is a distinguished science journalist. He is currently anchorman for th... | Physics outreach | 0.796982 |
94,235 | Shenoy obtained a B.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from UC Irvine (1987–1990) and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from MIT (1990–1995). He was then a postdoctoral fellow in Neurobiology at Caltech (1995–2001). | Krishna Shenoy | 0.796982 |
94,236 | Dutch scientists brought several of the surplus German coastal Würzburg radars to the Radio Transmitting Station in Kootwijk, Netherlands in the early 1950s. There, they were used in experiments important in the development of early radio astronomy, specifically the discovery of the Hydrogen line and subsequent mapping... | Würzburg radar | 0.796981 |
94,237 | This system was made by the Astronomisches Institut Tübingen, the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, and PNSensor, all of Germany.The EPIC system records three types of data about every X-ray that is detected by its CCD cameras. The time that the X-ray arrives allows scientists to develop light curves, ... | XMM Newton | 0.796981 |
94,238 | It is named after William G. Cochran, Nathan Mantel and William Haenszel. Extensions of this test to a categorical response and/or to several groups are commonly called Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics. It is often used in observational studies where random assignment of subjects to different treatments cannot be con... | Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics | 0.796981 |
94,239 | The following table illustrates an East–West Rover Mitchell Movement for five tables playing five rounds; the roving pair is East–West Pair 6. Note that East–West Pair 5 is not "bumped" and thus plays all of the boards in the session. The generation of a Rover Mitchell Movement involves some fairly complex number theor... | Duplicate bridge movements | 0.796981 |
94,240 | In 1938 Franz Ollendorff, an Israeli physicist, established the department of Electrical Engineering under the Faculty of Technology. Franz became its first dean the following year. In 1947 the Faculty of Electrical Engineering was established after it split from the Faculty of Technology. In 2021 it was renamed The Vi... | Technion Faculty of Electrical Engineering | 0.796981 |
94,241 | In particular, if R is commutative then the collection of R-module homomorphisms h: M → N (see below) is an R-module (and in fact a submodule of NM). If X is a smooth manifold, then the smooth functions from X to the real numbers form a ring C∞(X). The set of all smooth vector fields defined on X form a module over C∞(... | Module (ring theory) | 0.796981 |
94,242 | I did not have much of a feeling of being 'inventive', I was just applying what I had learned about spin physics during my days in physical chemistry to the task at hand. The world (and the world of MR in particular) is full of 'impossible' things which turned out to become reality. | Jürgen Hennig | 0.796981 |
94,243 | All the 3-dimensional Lie algebras other than types VIII and IX can be constructed as a semidirect product of R2 and R, with R acting on R2 by some 2 by 2 matrix M. The different types correspond to different types of matrices M, as described below. Type I: This is the abelian and unimodular Lie algebra R3. The simply ... | Bianchi classification | 0.796981 |
94,244 | In late March, CBS News reported that inhabitants have continued to experience health symptoms, despite officials asserting that no harmful chemicals were detected in the air or water. Employees of the CDC who investigated the derailment in early March also experienced symptoms.Neil Donahue, a chemistry professor at Ca... | 2023 Ohio train derailment | 0.796981 |
94,245 | Data analysis is divided into: descriptive statistics – the part of statistics that describes data, i.e. summarises the data and their typical properties. inferential statistics – the part of statistics that draws conclusions from data (using some model for the data): For example, inferential statistics involves select... | Mathematical Statistics | 0.79698 |
94,246 | OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb (known sometimes as Hoth by NASA) is a super-Earth exoplanet orbiting OGLE-2005-BLG-390L, a star 21,500 ± 3,300 light-years (6,600 ± 1,000 parsecs) from Earth near the center of the Milky Way, making it one of the most distant planets known. On January 25, 2006, Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork/Rob... | OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb | 0.79698 |
94,247 | Larson received a B.S. in 1975, an M.S. in 1977, and a Ph.D. in 1980, all in chemical engineering from the University of Minnesota. | Ronald G. Larson | 0.79698 |
94,248 | The witnesses testifying on behalf of the state whose testimony attracted the most attention were Éric Fombonne, a psychiatrist at McGill University, Jeffrey Brent, a medical toxicologist at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, and Stephen Bustin of Queen Mary University of London. Other experts who testi... | Autism omnibus trial | 0.79698 |
94,249 | libvpx ffvp9 (FFmpeg)FFmpeg's VP9 decoder takes advantage of a corpus of SIMD optimizations shared with other codecs to make it fast. A comparison made by an FFmpeg developer indicated that this was faster than libvpx, and compared to FFmpeg's h.264 decoder, "identical" performance for same-bitrate video, or about 10% ... | VP9 | 0.79698 |
94,250 | The curve can be parameterised by the equation x = t − tanh ( t ) , y = 1 / cosh ( t ) {\displaystyle x=t-\tanh(t),y=1/{\cosh(t)}} . Due to the geometrical way it was defined, the tractrix has the property that the segment of its tangent, between the asymptote and the point of tangency, has constant length a. The a... | Tractrix | 0.79698 |
94,251 | The primary aim of EESTEC is to promote and develop international contacts between students and professionals. The exchange of ideas and experience among Electrical Engineering and Computer Science students is made possible through the activities of the association. EESTEC is also promoting international career and job... | Electrical Engineering Students' European Association | 0.79698 |
94,252 | Danino’s research focuses on the design and characterization of dynamic gene circuits in microbes with applications such as cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, summarized in a 2015 TED talk.For his PhD thesis, he worked in Jeff Hasty's laboratory at UCSD, where he created synchronized oscillations in bacterial populat... | Tal Danino | 0.79698 |
94,253 | They met less than 35% of the Rank a Brand criteria. Rank a Brand generalizes their findings into 4 main categories: reporting on sustainability, climate protection, ecology, and fair labor. All brands report on sustainability. | Sustainable electronics | 0.796979 |
94,254 | In the theory of smooth manifolds, a congruence is the set of integral curves defined by a nonvanishing vector field defined on the manifold. Congruences are an important concept in general relativity, and are also important in parts of Riemannian geometry. | Congruence (manifolds) | 0.796979 |
94,255 | Analytical thermal desorption, known within the analytical chemistry community simply as "thermal desorption" (TD), is a technique that concentrates volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gas streams prior to injection into a gas chromatograph (GC). It can be used to lower the detection limits of GC methods, and can impr... | Analytical thermal desorption | 0.796979 |
94,256 | The transition state of the latter reactions has to meet structural and energetic conditions, redox reactions have only to comply to the energy requirement. Whereas the geometry of the transition state in the other reactions is the same for all pairs of reactants, for redox pairs many polarization environments may meet... | Marcus Theory | 0.796979 |
94,257 | American Society for Precision Engineering euspen - European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology JSPE- The Japan Society for Precision Engineering DSPE - Dutch Society for Precision Engineering SPETA - Singapore Precision Engineering and Technology Association | Precision engineering | 0.796979 |
94,258 | Two dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are one type of microporous coordination polymer that can be fabricated in the 2D plane. The dimensionality and topology of the 2D COFs result from both the shape of the monomers and the relative and dimensional orientations of their reactive groups. These materials co... | Two-dimensional polymers (2DP) | 0.796979 |
94,259 | Longitudinal studies of secular events are frequently conceptualized as consisting of a trend component fitted by a polynomial, a cyclical component often fitted by an analysis based on autocorrelations or on a Fourier series, and a random component (stochastic drift) to be removed. In the course of the time series ana... | Random drift | 0.796979 |
94,260 | The Facial Recognition Technology (FERET) program was a government-sponsored project that aimed to create a large, automatic face-recognition system for intelligence, security, and law enforcement purposes. The program began in 1993 under the combined leadership of Dr. Harry Wechsler at George Mason University (GMU) an... | FERET (facial recognition technology) | 0.796979 |
94,261 | In number theory, Vantieghems theorem is a primality criterion. It states that a natural number n≥3 is prime if and only if ∏ 1 ≤ k ≤ n − 1 ( 2 k − 1 ) ≡ n mod ( 2 n − 1 ) . {\displaystyle \prod _{1\leq k\leq n-1}\left(2^{k}-1\right)\equiv n\mod \left(2^{n}-1\right).} Similarly, n is prime, if and only if the following... | Vantieghems theorem | 0.796979 |
94,262 | Net slip is shown more clearly which paves the way to understanding the deformation. 3) Individual Fault GeometryFault planes are represented by lines in stereonets (equal area lower hemisphere projection), while rakes on them are indicated by dots sitting on the lines. It helps to visualize the geometrical distributio... | Paleostress inversion | 0.796979 |
94,263 | He has collaborated in important studies of the early universe, including the recombination of hydrogen and the formation of the cosmic microwave background radiation. He led the team which operated the X-ray observatory attached to the Kvant-1 module of the Mir space station and also the GRANAT orbiting X-ray observat... | Rashid Sunyaev | 0.796979 |
94,264 | The adjoint representation can also be defined for algebraic groups over any field.The co-adjoint representation is the contragredient representation of the adjoint representation. Alexandre Kirillov observed that the orbit of any vector in a co-adjoint representation is a symplectic manifold. According to the philosop... | Adjoint endomorphism | 0.796978 |
94,265 | In physics, a quantum (PL: quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction. The fundamental notion that a physical property can be "quantized" is referred to as "the hypothesis of quantization". This means that the magnitude of the physical property can take on only d... | Quantum | 0.796978 |
94,266 | He then earned a PhD in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1956. He joined MIT's Computation Center immediately upon graduation, became a professor in 1965, and stayed at MIT until he retired.The first time-sharing system he was associated with was known as the MIT Compatible Time-Sharing System ... | Fernando J. Corbató | 0.796978 |
94,267 | Since about 2000, FDTD techniques have emerged as a primary means to computationally model many scientific and engineering problems dealing with electromagnetic wave interactions with material structures. Current FDTD modeling applications range from near-DC (ultralow-frequency geophysics involving the entire Earth-ion... | Allen Taflove | 0.796978 |
94,268 | Unlike Saccheri, he never felt that he had reached a contradiction with this assumption. He had proved the non-Euclidean result that the sum of the angles in a triangle increases as the area of the triangle decreases, and this led him to speculate on the possibility of a model of the acute case on a sphere of imaginary... | NonEuclidean geometry | 0.796977 |
94,269 | In geometry, the order-7 truncated triangular tiling, sometimes called the hyperbolic soccerball, is a semiregular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. There are two hexagons and one heptagon on each vertex, forming a pattern similar to a conventional soccer ball (truncated icosahedron) with heptagons in place of pentagons.... | Order-7 truncated triangular tiling | 0.796977 |
94,270 | This approach extended to nonlinear systems the powerful orthogonal projection method, previously used exclusively for linear systems. The analytics behind this approach are represented as neural networks, which ultimately led to the development of Figueiredo's Optimal Interpolation neural network and CDL neural networ... | Rui de Figueiredo | 0.796977 |
94,271 | During the summer breaks he worked at General Electric's laboratories in Lynn, Massachusetts and Schenectady, New York. While there he obtained three patents related to photoelectric tubes.Normally this would have been a promising start to a career at General Electric, but it made Bainbridge aware of how interested he ... | Kenneth Bainbridge | 0.796977 |
94,272 | All electrochemical cell batteries deliver a changing voltage as their chemistry changes from "charged" to "discharged". A nominal output voltage and a cutoff voltage are typically specified for a battery by its manufacturer. The output voltage falls to the cutoff voltage when the battery becomes "discharged". The nomi... | Weight ratio | 0.796977 |
94,273 | Hardy's paradox is a thought experiment in quantum mechanics devised by Lucien Hardy in 1992–1993 in which a particle and its antiparticle may interact without annihilating each other. Experiments using the technique of weak measurement have studied an interaction of polarized photons, and these have demonstrated that ... | Hardy's paradox | 0.796977 |
94,274 | The pH, temperature, and composition of the film affect crystal size, and can be used to control the rate of formation and the structure of the film. Other factors affecting crystal size include agitation, illumination, and the thickness of the film upon which the crystal is deposited. Agitating the solution prevents t... | Chemical bath deposition | 0.796977 |
94,275 | In the case of least squares, this problem is known as LASSO in statistics and basis pursuit in signal processing. min w ∈ R p 1 n ‖ X ^ w − Y ^ ‖ 2 + λ ‖ w ‖ 1 {\displaystyle \min _{w\in \mathbb {R} ^{p}}{\frac {1}{n}}\|{\hat {X}}w-{\hat {Y}}\|^{2}+\lambda \|w\|_{1}} L 1 {\displaystyle L_{1}} regularization can occasi... | Regularization (machine learning) | 0.796977 |
94,276 | Conventions differ as to which argument should be linear. In the commutative case, we shall take the first to be linear, as is common in the mathematical literature, except in the section devoted to sesquilinear forms on complex vector spaces. There we use the other convention and take the first argument to be conjugat... | Sesquilinear form | 0.796977 |
94,277 | Define the duality set of x ∈ X, a subset of the dual space X' of X, by J ( x ) := { x ′ ∈ X ′: ‖ x ′ ‖ X ′ 2 = ‖ x ‖ X 2 = ⟨ x ′ , x ⟩ } . {\displaystyle J(x):=\left\{x'\in X':\|x'\|_{X'}^{2}=\|x\|_{X}^{2}=\langle x',x\rangle \right\}.} By the Hahn–Banach theorem this set is nonempty. | Dissipative operator | 0.796976 |
94,278 | Photoexcitation is the first step in a photochemical process where the reactant is elevated to a state of higher energy, an excited state. The first law of photochemistry, known as the Grotthuss–Draper law (for chemists Theodor Grotthuss and John W. Draper), states that light must be absorbed by a chemical substance in... | Photochemistry | 0.796976 |
94,279 | She was also the Founding President of The Northeast Ohio STEM Alliance and served as a consultant to the Educational Testing Service for the Physics Graduate Record Examinations and Praxis General Science Examination programs. Later in her career, Selinger helped develop the Liquid Crystal Institute's Master of Scienc... | Robin Selinger | 0.796976 |
94,280 | He received an honorary doctorate for his artificial intelligence research project, Blondie24, in which a deep learning adversarial neural network evolved itself into an expert checkers player. In further research, Fogel's Blondie25 evolutionary chess playing program earned wins over Fritz 8 (the fifth-ranked computer ... | David B. Fogel | 0.796976 |
94,281 | The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a recursive filter suitable for problems with a large number of variables, such as discretizations of partial differential equations in geophysical models. The EnKF originated as a version of the Kalman filter for large problems (essentially, the covariance matrix is replaced by the... | Ensemble Kalman filter | 0.796976 |
94,282 | In the framework of IGA, the notions of both control mesh and physical mesh are defined.A control mesh is made by the so called control points and it is obtained by a piecewise linear interpolation of them. Control points play also the role of degrees of freedom (DOFs).The physical mesh lays directly on the geometry an... | Isogeometric analysis | 0.796975 |
94,283 | In microbiology, McFarland standards are used as a reference to adjust the turbidity of bacterial suspensions so that the number of bacteria will be within a given range to standardize microbial testing. An example of such testing is antibiotic susceptibility testing by measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration w... | McFarland standards | 0.796975 |
94,284 | The stereochemistry reported by Kato et al. in 1973 is different than that shown in the biosynthesis references. The stereochemistry of momilactone B shown here is based on the biosynthesis references. There are no known papers correcting the stereochemistry from the isolation paper. == References == | Momilactone B | 0.796975 |
94,285 | J-0 ring A J-0 ring is a ring such that the set of regular points of the spectrum contains a non-empty open subset. J-1 ring A J-1 ring is a ring such that the set of regular points of the spectrum is an open subset. J-2 ring A J-2 ring is a ring such that any finitely generated algebra is a J-1 ring. Jacobian 1. | Formally equidimensional | 0.796975 |
94,286 | In turn, these repertoires, once acquired, are modifying the brain's biology, through the creation of new neural connections. Organic conditions affect behavior through affecting learning, basic repertoires, and sensory processes. The effect of environment on behavior can be proximal, here-and-now, or distal, through m... | Psychological behaviorism | 0.796975 |
94,287 | Following a razor and blades model, 3D Systems offers more than one hundred materials to be used with its printers, including waxes, rubber-like materials, metals, composites, plastics and nylons.3D Systems is a closed-source company, using in-house technologies for product development and patents to protect their tech... | 3D Systems | 0.796975 |
94,288 | As shown in the figure, let there be a circle with inscribed △ A B C {\displaystyle \triangle ABC} and another inscribed △ A D B {\displaystyle \triangle ADB} that passes through the circle's center O. The ∠ A O D {\displaystyle \angle AOD} has a central angle of 180 ∘ {\displaystyle 180^{\circ }} and thus ∠ A B D = 90... | Law of sines | 0.796975 |
94,289 | Trying to break the zig-zag pattern of gradient descent, the momentum or heavy ball method uses a momentum term in analogy to a heavy ball sliding on the surface of values of the function being minimized, or to mass movement in Newtonian dynamics through a viscous medium in a conservative force field. Gradient descent ... | Steepest descent | 0.796974 |
94,290 | In terms of representation theory, the Stone–von Neumann theorem classifies certain unitary representations of the Heisenberg group. This is discussed in more detail in the Heisenberg group section, below. Informally stated, with certain technical assumptions, every representation of the Heisenberg group H2n + 1 is equ... | Stone–von Neumann theorem | 0.796974 |
94,291 | Elevated levels of 8-OHdG have been linked to increased risk of several cancers. By the next year, a commercial version of a graphene biosensor was being used by biology researchers as a protein binding sensor platform.In 2016 researchers revealed that uncoated graphene can be used as neuro-interface electrode without ... | Graphene electronics | 0.796974 |
94,292 | The name tetartoid comes from the Greek root for one-fourth because it has one fourth of full octahedral symmetry, and half of pyritohedral symmetry. The mineral cobaltite can have this symmetry form.Abstractions sharing the solid's topology and symmetry can be created from the cube and the tetrahedron. In the cube eac... | Dodecahedron | 0.796974 |
94,293 | Motion and change are closely related in Aristotelian physics. Motion, according to Aristotle, involved a change from potentiality to actuality. He gave example of four types of change, namely change in substance, in quality, in quantity and in place. | Aristotelian mechanics | 0.796974 |
94,294 | Also, in water Nitric acid HNO 3 {\displaystyle {\ce {HNO3}}} p K a {\displaystyle \mathrm {p} K_{{\ce {a}}}} = −1.6 Sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 {\displaystyle {\ce {H2SO4}}} (first dissociation only, p K a 1 {\displaystyle \mathrm {p} K_{{\ce {a1}}}} ≈ −3): (p. 171) The following can be used as protonators in organic chemi... | Weak Acid | 0.796974 |
94,295 | In algebraic geometry, the seesaw theorem, or seesaw principle, says roughly that a limit of trivial line bundles over complete varieties is a trivial line bundle. It was introduced by André Weil in a course at the University of Chicago in 1954–1955, and is related to Severi's theory of correspondences. The seesaw theo... | See-saw principle | 0.796974 |
94,296 | Context-free systems are defined analogously, and are generated by phrase structure grammars. A renewal system is defined to be the set of all infinite concatenations of some fixed finite collection of finite words. Subshifts of finite type are identical to free (non-interacting) one-dimensional Potts models (n-letter ... | Full shift | 0.796973 |
94,297 | In condensed-matter physics, a Coulombic explosion is a process in which a molecule or crystal lattice is destroyed by the Coulombic repulsion between its constituent atoms. Coulombic explosions are a prominent technique in laser-based machining, and appear naturally in certain high-energy reactions. | Coulomb explosion | 0.796973 |
94,298 | Thionyl tetrafluoride can be used in click chemistry through reactions with primary amines known as sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx). This kind of reaction was the first "click" reaction to generate a three-dimensional core. == References == | Thionyl tetrafluoride | 0.796973 |
94,299 | A Tesla valve, called a valvular conduit by its inventor, is a fixed-geometry passive check valve. It allows a fluid to flow preferentially in one direction, without moving parts. The device is named after Nikola Tesla, who was awarded U.S. Patent 1,329,559 in 1920 for its invention. | Tesla valve | 0.796973 |
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