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95,000 | In cellular biology, stress granules are biomolecular condensates in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that assemble into 0.1–2 μm membraneless organelles when the cell is under stress. The mRNA molecules found in stress granules are stalled translation pre-initiation complexes associated with 40S ribosomal sub... | Stress granule | 0.796824 |
95,001 | The carbon–fluorine bond is organic chemistry's strongest, and gives stability to organofluorines. It is almost non-existent in nature, but is used in artificial compounds. Research in this area is usually driven by commercial applications; the compounds involved are diverse and reflect the complexity inherent in organ... | Fluorine | 0.796824 |
95,002 | In 1965, there was simply too huge a gap between European philosophy and artificial intelligence, a gap that has since been filled by cognitive science, connectionism and robotics research. It would take many years before artificial intelligence researchers were able to address the issues that were important to contine... | Hubert Dreyfus's views on artificial intelligence | 0.796824 |
95,003 | The classical equations of motion can be written in terms of the Hamiltonian, even for highly complex or abstract systems. These classical equations have remarkably direct analogs in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics.Another energy-related concept is called the Lagrangian, after Joseph-Louis Lagrange. This formalism is... | Form of energy | 0.796824 |
95,004 | One approach to calculating orbits (mainly used historically) is to use Kepler's equation: M = E − ϵ ⋅ sin E {\displaystyle M=E-\epsilon \cdot \sin E} .where M is the mean anomaly, E is the eccentric anomaly, and ϵ {\displaystyle \epsilon } is the eccentricity. With Kepler's formula, finding the time-of-flight to rea... | Reversibility of orbits | 0.796824 |
95,005 | Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) is a specification that prescribes a set of low-level routines for performing common linear algebra operations such as vector addition, scalar multiplication, dot products, linear combinations, and matrix multiplication. They are the de facto standard low-level routines for linea... | General Matrix Multiply | 0.796824 |
95,006 | In probability theory, an additive Markov chain is a Markov chain with an additive conditional probability function. Here the process is a discrete-time Markov chain of order m and the transition probability to a state at the next time is a sum of functions, each depending on the next state and one of the m previous st... | Additive Markov chain | 0.796824 |
95,007 | Introduction to 3-Manifolds is a mathematics book on low-dimensional topology. It was written by Jennifer Schultens and published by the American Mathematical Society in 2014 as volume 151 of their book series Graduate Studies in Mathematics. | Introduction to 3-Manifolds | 0.796823 |
95,008 | Deep learning training mainly relies on variants of stochastic gradient descent, where gradients are computed on a random subset of the total dataset and then used to make one step of the gradient descent. Federated stochastic gradient descent is the direct transposition of this algorithm to the federated setting, but ... | Federated learning | 0.796823 |
95,009 | It states that each two such sets are order-isomorphic, providing in this way another higher-cardinality analogue of Cantor's isomorphism theorem ( ℵ 1 {\displaystyle \aleph _{1}} is defined as the cardinality of the set of all countable ordinals). Baumgartner's axiom is consistent with ZFC and the negation of the cont... | Cantor's isomorphism theorem | 0.796822 |
95,010 | He co-edited Combinatorics Advances.Mahmoodian has contributions in graph theory, in particular graph colouring. He has also worked on combinatorial designs, in particular, defining sets, and the relations between all those areas. Mahmoodian is also known for mentoring and research collaborations with Maryam Mirzakhani... | Ebadollah S. Mahmoodian | 0.796822 |
95,011 | Debates over the validity of the IDH are ongoing within the discipline of tropical ecology as the theory is tested in various ecological communities. Other evidence exists for and against the hypothesis. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis has been supported by several studies involving marine habitats such as cora... | Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis | 0.796822 |
95,012 | The International Conference on Physics of Light–Matter Coupling in Nanostructures (PLMCN) is a yearly academic conference on various topics of semiconductor science and nanophotonics. | International conference on Physics of Light–Matter Coupling in Nanostructures | 0.796822 |
95,013 | His description of the most prominent changes in cognition with age, is generally still accepted today (e.g., how early perception moves from being dependent on concrete, external actions. Later, abstract understanding of observable aspects of reality can be captured; leading to the discovery of underlying abstract rul... | Cognitive development | 0.796822 |
95,014 | Serious concerns also being raised about taxonomic groups that do not receive the same degree of social attention or attract funds as the vertebrates. These include fungal (including lichen-forming species), invertebrate (particularly insect) and plant communities where the vast majority of biodiversity is represented.... | Animal Conservation | 0.796822 |
95,015 | Despite diminishing government financial support over the past quarter century, MIT launched several successful development campaigns to significantly expand the campus: new dormitories and athletics buildings on west campus; the Tang Center for Management Education; several buildings in the northeast corner of campus ... | Discoveries and innovation by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology | 0.796821 |
95,016 | In the formation of general principles of intelligent behavior, Pfeifer intended to be contrary to older principles given in traditional artificial intelligence. The most dramatic difference is that the principles are applicable only to situated robotic agents in the real world, a domain where traditional artificial in... | Embodied cognitive science | 0.796821 |
95,017 | Elizabeth A. Canuel is a chemical oceanographer known for her work on organic carbon cycling in aquatic environments. She is the Chancellor Professor of Marine Science at the College of William & Mary and is an elected fellow of the Geochemical Society and the European Association of Geochemistry. | Elizabeth Canuel | 0.796821 |
95,018 | He was a member of the wrestling team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he earned his undergraduate degree in 1970 with a major in physics. He went on to the California Institute of Technology, where he was awarded a Ph.D. in astronomy. | John Huchra | 0.79682 |
95,019 | Draining a fen indirectly by decreasing its water supply can be just as damaging. Disrupting groundwater flow into the fen with nearby human activities such as quarrying or residential development changes how much water and nutrients enter the fen. This can make the fen more ombrotrophic (dependent on precipitation), w... | Lowland bog | 0.79682 |
95,020 | Lisp and Scheme support anonymous functions using the "lambda" construct, which is a reference to lambda calculus. Clojure supports anonymous functions with the "fn" special form and #() reader syntax. | Function constant | 0.79682 |
95,021 | In the following, R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } represents the real numbers with their usual topology. The subspace topology of the natural numbers, as a subspace of R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } , is the discrete topology. The rational numbers Q {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} } considered as a subspace of R {\displaysty... | Relative topology | 0.79682 |
95,022 | Intuitionistic logic, sometimes more generally called constructive logic, refers to systems of symbolic logic that differ from the systems used for classical logic by more closely mirroring the notion of constructive proof. In particular, systems of intuitionistic logic do not assume the law of the excluded middle and ... | Constructive logic | 0.79682 |
95,023 | If the a k {\displaystyle a_{k}} and b k {\displaystyle b_{k}} are real numbers, the identity expresses the fact that the absolute value of the product of two quaternions is equal to the product of their absolute values, in the same way that the Brahmagupta–Fibonacci two-square identity does for complex numbers. This p... | Euler's four-square identity | 0.796819 |
95,024 | GEM is used to study nonlinear physics associated with tokamak plasma turbulence and transport. Tokamak turbulence driven by ion-temperature-gradient modes, electron-temperature gradient modes, trapped electron modes and micro-tearing modes has been investigated using GEM. It is also being used to look at energetic par... | Gyrokinetic ElectroMagnetic | 0.796819 |
95,025 | At the other extreme from indecomposability is infinite divisibility. Cramér's theorem shows that while the normal distribution is infinitely divisible, it can only be decomposed into normal distributions. Cochran's theorem shows that the terms in a decomposition of a sum of squares of normal random variables into sums... | Indecomposable distribution | 0.796819 |
95,026 | The tagged Brown Corpus used a selection of about 80 parts of speech, as well as special indicators for compound forms, contractions, foreign words and a few other phenomena, and formed the model for many later corpora such as the Lancaster-Oslo-Bergen Corpus (British English from the early 1990s) and the Freiburg-Brow... | Brown Corpus | 0.796819 |
95,027 | In mathematics, or specifically, in differential topology, Ehresmann's lemma or Ehresmann's fibration theorem states that if a smooth mapping f: M → N {\displaystyle f\colon M\rightarrow N} , where M {\displaystyle M} and N {\displaystyle N} are smooth manifolds, is a surjective submersion, and a proper map (in particu... | Ehresmann's lemma | 0.796818 |
95,028 | Born into a military family, Dietrich spent his early life in a number of different locations in the United States and Germany. He earned his B.A. in Philosophy and Biology with a minor in Chemistry from Virginia Tech in 1985, and his Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of California, San Diego in 1991, where Phili... | Michael R. Dietrich | 0.796818 |
95,029 | Fluvial geomorphology is the cumulation of a number of sciences including open channel hydraulics, sediment transport, hydrology, physical geology, and riparian ecology. River engineering practitioners attempt to understand fluvial geomorphology, implement a physical alteration, and maintain public safety. : 3–13ff | River engineering | 0.796818 |
95,030 | He also established regularity theory for all minimal surfaces in a similar manner. He solved 19th Hilbert problem on the regularity of solutions of elliptic partial differential equations. Before his results, mathematicians were not able to venture beyond second order nonlinear elliptic equations in two variables. | Ennio de Giorgi | 0.796818 |
95,031 | Personally, I would bet that this kind of anti-reductionist behaviour is true in any consistent synthesis of quantum mechanics and gravity.The first conclusion is that Dirac’s explanation of charge quantisation is triumphantly vindicated. At first sight it seemed as if the idea of unification provided an alternative ex... | Electric-magnetic duality | 0.796818 |
95,032 | A stochastic grammar (statistical grammar) is a grammar framework with a probabilistic notion of grammaticality: Stochastic context-free grammar Statistical parsing Data-oriented parsing Hidden Markov model Estimation theoryThe grammar is realized as a language model. Allowed sentences are stored in a database together... | Stochastic grammar | 0.796818 |
95,033 | In the years 1970 attempts were made to simulate car crash events with non-linear spring-mass systems after calibration, which require as input the results of physical destructive laboratory tests, needed to determine the mechanical crushing behavior of each spring component of the modeled system. "First principle" sim... | Crash simulation | 0.796817 |
95,034 | Using this as a criterion for transcendence is not trivial, as one must check whether there are infinitely many solutions p/q for every d ≥ 2. In the twentieth century work by Axel Thue, Carl Siegel, and Klaus Roth reduced the exponent in Liouville's work from d + ε to d/2 + 1 + ε, and finally, in 1955, to 2 + ε. This ... | Transcendental number theory | 0.796817 |
95,035 | They are typical of later application of generalized function methods. An influential book on operational calculus was Oliver Heaviside's Electromagnetic Theory of 1899. When the Lebesgue integral was introduced, there was for the first time a notion of generalized function central to mathematics. | Generalised function | 0.796817 |
95,036 | Geosciences (Geosciences and Geoengineering Center). Located in Fontainebleau, the Geosciences and Geoengineering Department (a research structure common to MINES ParisTech and ARMINES) focuses on research and teaching activities in the field of Earth and Environmental Sciences. ISIGE (Environmental Engineering and Man... | Mines Paris – PSL | 0.796817 |
95,037 | A Lie group is a group that is also a differentiable manifold, with the property that the group operations are compatible with the smooth structure. Lie groups are named after Sophus Lie, who laid the foundations of the theory of continuous transformation groups. The term groupes de Lie first appeared in French in 1893... | Infinite group theory | 0.796817 |
95,038 | In chemistry, perxenates are salts of the yellow xenon-containing anion XeO4−6. This anion has octahedral molecular geometry, as determined by Raman spectroscopy, having O–Xe–O bond angles varying between 87° and 93°. The Xe–O bond length was determined by X-ray crystallography to be 1.875 Å. | Perxenic acid | 0.796817 |
95,039 | In effect, the United States is the only jurisdiction where Myriad's strong patent position has conferred sole-provider status." Peter Meldrum, CEO of Myriad Genetics, has acknowledged that Myriad has "other competitive advantages that may make such enforcement unnecessary" in Europe.Legal decisions surrounding the BR... | BRCA mutation | 0.796817 |
95,040 | Solar panel conversion efficiency, typically in the 20% range, is reduced by the accumulation of dust, grime, pollen, and other particulates on the solar panels, collectively referred to as soiling. "A dirty solar panel can reduce its power capabilities by up to 30% in high dust/pollen or desert areas", says Seamus Cur... | PV module | 0.796816 |
95,041 | Hurlbert, Glenn (2010). Linear Optimization: The Simplex Workbook. ISBN 978-0-387-79147-0. | Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics | 0.796816 |
95,042 | Artificial Unintelligence: How Computers Misunderstand the World won the 2019 Prose Award in the Computing and Information Sciences category.Positive reviews appeared in The Philadelphia Inquirer, American Scientist, ZDNet, and in the Royal Society of Chemistry's publication, Chemistry World. Dr. Broussard has given ta... | Artificial Unintelligence: How Computers Misunderstand the World | 0.796816 |
95,043 | Fog robotics mainly consists of a fog robot server and the cloud. It acts as a companion to cloud by shoving the data near to the user with the help of a local server. Moreover, these servers are adaptable, consists of processing power for computation, network capability, and secured by sharing the outcomes to other ro... | Fog robotics | 0.796816 |
95,044 | Butterfly networks are more complex and costlier than other topologies due to the higher number of links required to sustain the network.The difference between hypercube and butterfly lies within their implementation. Butterfly network has a symmetric structure where all processor nodes between two ranks are equidistan... | Butterfly network | 0.796816 |
95,045 | Finally, the third branch of algebraic graph theory concerns algebraic properties of invariants of graphs, and especially the chromatic polynomial, the Tutte polynomial and knot invariants. The chromatic polynomial of a graph, for example, counts the number of its proper vertex colorings. For the Petersen graph, this p... | Algebraic graph theory | 0.796816 |
95,046 | That same year, the program's Toxicological Review documents were restructured to make them more clear, systematic and consistent. In December 2015, the IRIS program released its first ever multi-year agenda, which identified the top chemical assessments the program would focus on in the following years.In 2016 the EPA... | Integrated Risk Information System | 0.796815 |
95,047 | The Laplace transform is another integral operator and is involved in simplifying the process of solving differential equations. Given f = f(s), it is defined by: | Mathematical operator | 0.796815 |
95,048 | In organophosphorus chemistry, the Kabachnik–Fields reaction is a three-component organic reaction forming α-aminomethylphosphonates from an amine, a carbonyl compound, and a dialkyl phosphonate, (RO)2P(O)H (that are also called dialkylphosphites). Aminophosphonates are synthetic targets of some importance as phosphoru... | Kabachnik–Fields reaction | 0.796815 |
95,049 | In 1896 Halsted published a chapter on synthetic geometry pertaining to three-dimensional projective geometry in Higher Mathematics distributed by Mansfield Merriman and Robert S. Woodward. In 1906 Synthetic Projective Geometry was published separately in 241 articles and 61 problems. A bibliography referring to Chasle... | G. B. Halsted | 0.796815 |
95,050 | Each piece type (other than pawns) is identified by an uppercase letter. English-speaking players use the letters K for king, Q for queen, R for rook, B for bishop, and N for knight. Different initial letters are used by other languages. In chess literature, especially that intended for an international audience, the l... | Algebraic chess notation | 0.796814 |
95,051 | In 1923, he began using radium and X-rays, but the relationship between radiation and mutation was difficult to measure because such radiation also sterilized the flies. In this period, he also became involved with eugenics and human genetics. He carried out a study of twins separated at birth that seemed to indicate a... | Hermann Joseph Muller | 0.796814 |
95,052 | Atmospheric science is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and its various inner-working physical processes. Meteorology includes atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics with a major focus on weather forecasting. Climatology is the study of atmospheric changes (both long and short-term) that define average climat... | Atmospheric Science | 0.796814 |
95,053 | In linear algebra, similarity invariance is a property exhibited by a function whose value is unchanged under similarities of its domain. That is, f {\displaystyle f} is invariant under similarities if f ( A ) = f ( B − 1 A B ) {\displaystyle f(A)=f(B^{-1}AB)} where B − 1 A B {\displaystyle B^{-1}AB} is a matrix simila... | Similarity invariance | 0.796813 |
95,054 | The equilibrium geometry of any polyatomic system in nondegenerate states is defined as corresponding to the point of the minimum of the adiabatic potential energy surface (APES), where its first derivatives are zero and the second derivatives are positive. If we denote the energy of the system as a function of normal ... | Pseudo Jahn–Teller effect | 0.796813 |
95,055 | La Géologie biologique (1914) – Botanical geology. Histoire géologique de la mer (Flammarion - 1917) – Historical geology of the sea. Les Glaciers et les montagnes (Flammarion - 1920) – Glaciers and mountains. Géologie. ouvrage destiné aux élèves des écoles d’agriculture et de l’institut d’agriculture..., aux ingénieur... | Stanislas-Étienne Meunier | 0.796813 |
95,056 | at the University of Göttingen in 1934 with a thesis titled: "Riemann-Roch theorem and zeta-Function in hypercomplexes" (Riemann-Rochscher Satz und Zeta-Funktion im Hyperkomplexen) that was supervised by Gustav Herglotz with Emmy Noether suggesting the topic for the doctorate. He qualified to become a lecturer and gave... | Ernst Witt | 0.796813 |
95,057 | This degree is primarily focused on subjects such as software, databases, and networking. In general, computer science degrees tend to focus on the mathematical and theoretical foundations of computing rather than emphasizing specific technologies. | Bachelor of Science in Information Technology | 0.796813 |
95,058 | The push–pull output circuit shown is a simplified variation of the Williamson topology, which comprises four stages: a SET input stage to buffer the input and give some voltage gain. a phase splitter, usually of the cathodyne or "concertina" type. This generates exactly equal but opposite drive signals for the followi... | Valve audio amplifier – technical | 0.796813 |
95,059 | Everett later described this experience as "hell...doomed from the beginning".However, while in Copenhagen, in his hotel, he started work on a new idea to use generalized Lagrange multipliers for mathematical optimization. Everett's theorem, published in 1963, relates the Lagrangian bidual to the primal problem.In 1962... | Hugh Everett III | 0.796813 |
95,060 | Remote Applications in Challenging Environments (RACE) is a remote handling and robotics test facility located at Culham Science Centre near Oxford, UK, operated by UKAEA. As part of the UK Government's Robotics and Autonomous Systems Strategy (RAS) this is one of the initiatives that is supporting development and grow... | Remote Applications in Challenging Environments | 0.796813 |
95,061 | This field of engineering is based on probability theory and can be used to analyse mobile radio networks, as well as other telecommunications networks. A mobile handset which is moving in a cell will record a signal strength that varies. | Cellular traffic | 0.796813 |
95,062 | During more than fifty years of research, Ferris made landmark contributions to the field of prebiotic chemistry. His interests in the origins of life led him to explore in detail a diverse array of prebiotic reaction mechanisms, and to make the discovery of clay-directed RNA synthesis. By providing a plausible mechani... | James Ferris | 0.796813 |
95,063 | B. Rumer, a Soviet physicist. The two monographs became the result of their joint work: "The Theory of Unitary Symmetry" (published in Moscow in 1970) and "The Theory of Groups and Quantum Fields" (Moscow, 1977), as well as a number of papers, including "Group Spin-(4) and the Periodic Table" ("Theoretical and Mathemat... | Abram Ilyich Fet | 0.796813 |
95,064 | Research in leather manufacture. Mechanical Engineering, 44, 116. A tiny tannery. | Arthur W. Thomas | 0.796812 |
95,065 | CPM S30V is a martensitic (hardened) powder-made (sintered) wear and corrosion-resistant stainless steel developed by Dick Barber of Crucible Industries in collaboration with knifemaker Chris Reeve. Its chemistry promotes the formation and even distribution of vanadium carbides, which are harder and more resistant to a... | CPM S30V steel | 0.796812 |
95,066 | In 2000, astronomers began considering the potential of telescopes larger than 20 meters (65') in diameter. The technology to build a mirror larger than 8.4 meters (28') does not exist; instead scientists considered two methods: either segmented smaller mirrors as used in the Keck Observatory, or a group of 8-meter (26... | Thirty Meter Telescope | 0.796812 |
95,067 | (1960), "Semi-prime rings with maximum condition", Proc. London Math. Soc., Series 3, 10: 201–220, doi:10.1112/plms/s3-10.1.201, ISSN 0024-6115, MR 0111766 Grezeszcuk, P; Puczylowski, E (1984), "On Goldie and dual Goldie dimension", Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, 31 (1–3): 47–55, doi:10.1016/0022-4049(84)90075-6 ... | Uniform dimension | 0.796812 |
95,068 | A closely related phenomenon is ringing, when, following overshoot, a signal then falls below its steady-state value, and then may bounce back above, taking some time to settle close to its steady-state value; this latter time is called the settle time. In ecology, overshoot is the analogous concept, where a population... | Overshoot (signal) | 0.796812 |
95,069 | 4. Wagner's theorem characterizing the K5-minor-free graphs. walk A walk is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which joins a sequence of vertices. | Edge (graph) | 0.796811 |
95,070 | In mathematics, an operad is a structure that consists of abstract operations, each one having a fixed finite number of inputs (arguments) and one output, as well as a specification of how to compose these operations. Given an operad O {\displaystyle O} , one defines an algebra over O {\displaystyle O} to be a set toge... | Operad | 0.796811 |
95,071 | Kenichi Yamamoto: president of MazdaBorn in 1922, Yamamoto studied mechanical engineering at Tokyo Imperial University. He joined Toyo Kogyo (Mazda) just after the war and became heavily involved in automotive engine design. In April 1963, he headed the RE development team, dedicated to making the Wankel engine suitabl... | Japan Automotive Hall of Fame | 0.796811 |
95,072 | In the 8th edition of the International Patent Classification (IPC), which entered into force on January 1, 2006, a special subclass has been created for patent applications and patents related to inventions in the domain of combinatorial chemistry: "C40B". | Combinatorial synthesis | 0.796811 |
95,073 | This strongly suggests that the main factor in cancer initiation is the fact that "normal" stem cells divide, which implies that cancer originates in normal, healthy stem cells.Second, statistics show that most human cancers are diagnosed in older people. A possible explanation is that cancers occur because cells accum... | Cancer induction | 0.796811 |
95,074 | This location along the impacting side is determined by the surrounding `air cushion' layer, which deforms the water surface before the moment of impact, and results in a non-trivial geometry of the liquid surface during first touch-down.If the capsule comes down far from any recovery forces, the crew are exposed to gr... | Splashdown (spacecraft landing) | 0.79681 |
95,075 | Further research has shown that CH is independent of all known large cardinal axioms in the context of ZFC. Moreover, it has been shown that the cardinality of the continuum can be any cardinal consistent with König's theorem. A result of Solovay, proved shortly after Cohen's result on the independence of the continuum... | Hilbert's first problem | 0.79681 |
95,076 | Simple reflections in a hyperplane are readily expressed in the algebra through conjugation with a single vector. These serve to generate the group of general rotoreflections and rotations. The reflection c ′ {\displaystyle c'} of a vector c {\displaystyle c} along a vector m {\displaystyle m} , or equivalently in the ... | Geometric algebra | 0.79681 |
95,077 | Sierra Sciences, LLC is a biotechnology company founded by William H. Andrews, former director of molecular biology at Geron Corporation. Andrews founded Sierra Sciences in 1999 in Reno, Nevada with the goal of preventing and/or reversing cellular senescence, and ultimately curing diseases associated with human aging, ... | Sierra Sciences | 0.79681 |
95,078 | The database includes downloadable coordinate files of transmembrane helices and their homodimers with calculated membrane boundaries. Membranome 3.0 version incorporates models generated by AlphaFold 2.The database website provides access to related webservers, FMAP and TMDOCK which have been developed for modeling in... | Membranome database | 0.79681 |
95,079 | Then span D = ⋃ n = 1 ∞ n D {\textstyle \operatorname {span} D=\bigcup _{n=1}^{\infty }nD} so that D {\displaystyle D} is absorbing in span D , {\displaystyle \operatorname {span} D,} the linear span of D . {\displaystyle D.} The set { r D: r > 0 } {\displaystyle \{rD:r>0\}} of all positive scalar multiples of D {\... | Auxiliary normed spaces | 0.79681 |
95,080 | In computer science an in situ operation is one that occurs without interrupting the normal state of a system. For example, a file backup may be restored over a running system, without needing to take the system down to perform the restore. In the context of a database, a restore would allow the database system to cont... | In situ | 0.79681 |
95,081 | Of Jewish descent, in 1890/1891, Kaufmann studied mechanical engineering at the technical universities of Berlin and Munich. From 1892, he studied physics at the Universities of Berlin and Munich, attaining a doctorate in 1894. From 1896, he was an assistant at the physical institutes of the Universities of Berlin and ... | Walter Kaufmann (physicist) | 0.796809 |
95,082 | Tian Ye or Ye Tian (Chinese: 田野) is a Chinese mathematician known for his research in number theory and arithmetic geometry. | Tian Ye (mathematician) | 0.796809 |
95,083 | This was due to "cybersecurity concerns" and data protection in regards to data collection by "third parties." This concern regarding TikTok's growing popularity demonstrates the importance of technological development within an institutional economy. Without having an understanding of what these products are doing or ... | Institution | 0.796809 |
95,084 | Relaxing the requirement that all individuals be spheres yields a formalization of mereology far easier to exposit than Lesniewski's variant. Near the end of his life, Tarski wrote a very long letter, published as Tarski and Givant (1999), summarizing his work on geometry.Cardinal Algebras studied algebras whose models... | Alfred Tarski | 0.796809 |
95,085 | In the geometry of hyperbolic 3-space, the order-5-4 square honeycomb (or 4,5,4 honeycomb) a regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) with Schläfli symbol {4,5,4}. | Order-5-6 hexagonal honeycomb | 0.796808 |
95,086 | If a given graph is planar, so are all its minors: vertex and edge deletion obviously preserve planarity, and edge contraction can also be done in a planarity-preserving way, by leaving one of the two endpoints of the contracted edge in place and routing all of the edges that were incident to the other endpoint along t... | Wagner's theorem | 0.796808 |
95,087 | In statistics and information geometry, statistical distances measure the degree of difference between two probability distributions. There are many kinds of statistical distances, typically formalized as divergences; these allow a set of probability distributions to be understood as a geometrical object called a stati... | Distance | 0.796808 |
95,088 | Sequential hermaphroditism can best be understood in terms of behavioral ecology and evolutionary life history theory, as described in the size-advantage mode first proposed by Michael T. Ghiselin which states that if an individual of a certain sex could significantly increase its reproductive success after reaching a ... | Hermaphrodite | 0.796808 |
95,089 | Inertia negation is a hypothetical process causing physical objects with mass to act as if they were of lower mass or were massless. The effect is the opposite of adding ballast. No such process is known to exist in the real world: if current understanding of physics is correct, such a process would be impossible. Ther... | Inertial damper | 0.796808 |
95,090 | He has held NSF, NEH, and Mellon fellowships. His research interests include Philosophy of Physics, Logic, Philosophy of Language, and Philosophy of psychology. His publications have chiefly addressed the history and foundations of space-time physics. | Robert Rynasiewicz | 0.796808 |
95,091 | 3 Field Regiments. 7 combat Engineer Squadrons 3 Support Engineer Squadron 1 Construction Regiment 1 Parachute Engineer Squadron 1 Engineer Squadron (Armoured) 1 Engineer Squadron (Mechanised) 1 Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART) - Putrajaya 1 Engineer Squadron (CBRNe) Chemical Biology Respond... | Rejimen Askar Jurutera DiRaja | 0.796807 |
95,092 | more specifically, according to a variation of Dvoretzky's theorem by Alon & Milman (1983), every d {\displaystyle d} -dimensional normed space has a k {\displaystyle k} -dimensional subspace that is close either to a Euclidean space or to a Chebyshev space, where for some constant c {\displaystyle c} . Because it is c... | Equilateral dimension | 0.796807 |
95,093 | Covers the thermodynamics arrow of time, arising from the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Discusses Ludwig Boltzmann and his development of the second law as a statistical law. The chapter also discusses Boltzmann's H-Theorem and Loschmidt's Paradox. Price takes a time-symmetric view and comes to the conclusion that the ... | Time's Arrow and Archimedes' Point | 0.796807 |
95,094 | However, it can be expected that such methods will be introduced as image sensor technology progresses, given the advantages of metering with real-time feedback and without preflash. TTL metering systems have been incorporated into other types of cameras as well. | Through-the-lens metering | 0.796807 |
95,095 | The following refinement appears in Eisenbud's book, which builds on Nagata's idea: Geometrically speaking, the last part of the theorem says that for X = Spec A ⊂ A m {\displaystyle X=\operatorname {Spec} A\subset \mathbf {A} ^{m}} any general linear projection A m → A d {\displaystyle \mathbf {A} ^{m}\to \mathbf {A... | Noether normalization lemma | 0.796807 |
95,096 | A differential graded algebra is a graded algebra A {\textstyle A} with a linear derivation d: A → A {\textstyle d:A\to A} with d ∘ d = 0 {\displaystyle d\circ d=0} that follows the graded Leibniz product rule. : 58–59 Graded Leibniz product rule: ∀ a , b ∈ A , d ( a ⋅ b ) = d ( a ) ⋅ b + ( − 1 ) | a | ⋅ a ⋅ d ( b ) {\... | Differential field | 0.796806 |
95,097 | In numerical analysis, the balancing domain decomposition method (BDD) is an iterative method to find the solution of a symmetric positive definite system of linear algebraic equations arising from the finite element method. In each iteration, it combines the solution of local problems on non-overlapping subdomains wit... | Balancing domain decomposition method | 0.796806 |
95,098 | Burkert rejects this suggestion as implausible, noting that Pythagoras was never credited with having proved any theorem in antiquity. Furthermore, the manner in which the Babylonians employed Pythagorean numbers implies that they knew that the principle was generally applicable, and knew some kind of proof, which has ... | Pythagoras | 0.796806 |
95,099 | (By Dugundji's theorem above, V {\textstyle V} cannot be locally convex.) Since V {\textstyle V} is contractible and not an AR, it is also not an ANR. By Cauty's theorem above, V {\textstyle V} has an open subset U {\textstyle U} that is not homotopy equivalent to a CW complex. Thus there is a metrizable space U {\text... | Deformation retraction | 0.796806 |
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