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95,200 | Airlines use sophisticated optimization algorithms to decide ticket prices, airplane and crew assignments and fuel needs. Historically, such algorithms were developed within the overlapping field of operations research. Insurance companies use numerical programs for actuarial analysis.The rest of this section outlines ... | Numerical approximation | 0.796784 |
95,201 | In mathematics, Midy's theorem, named after French mathematician E. Midy, is a statement about the decimal expansion of fractions a/p where p is a prime and a/p has a repeating decimal expansion with an even period (sequence A028416 in the OEIS). If the period of the decimal representation of a/p is 2n, so that a p = 0... | Midy's Theorem | 0.796784 |
95,202 | Skolem published around 180 papers on Diophantine equations, group theory, lattice theory, and most of all, set theory and mathematical logic. He mostly published in Norwegian journals with limited international circulation, so that his results were occasionally rediscovered by others. An example is the Skolem–Noether ... | Thoralf Skolem | 0.796784 |
95,203 | GM Crops & Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering agricultural and food biotechnology. It was established in 2010 as GM Crops, obtaining its current name in 2012. It is published by Taylor & Francis and the editors-in-chief are Naglaa A. Abdallah (... | GM Crops & Food | 0.796784 |
95,204 | The cardinality |X| of the space X. The cardinality | {\displaystyle \vert } τ(X) | {\displaystyle \vert } of the topology (the set of open subsets) of the space X. Weight w(X), the least cardinality of a basis of the topology of the space X. Density d(X), the least cardinality of a subset of X whose closure is X. | Topological property | 0.796783 |
95,205 | One of the most widely researched properties of Krogmann's salt is its unusual electric conductance. Because of its linear chain structure and overlap of the platinum d z 2 {\displaystyle d_{z^{2}}} orbitals, Krogmann's salt is an excellent conductor of electricity. This property makes it an attractive material for nan... | Krogmann's salt | 0.796783 |
95,206 | Monoliths aptly fit into this new class of media, as they exhibit no void volume and can withstand flow rates up to 9mL/minute. Polymeric monoliths as they exist today were developed independently by three different labs in the late 1980s led by Hjerten, Svec, and Tennikova. Simultaneously, bioseparations became increa... | Monolithic HPLC column | 0.796783 |
95,207 | The Standard Model of physics, in particular the work of Murray Gell-Mann in the 1960s, had been successful in uniting much of the previously disparate concepts in particle physics into one, relatively straightforward, scheme. In essence, there were three types of particles: The leptons, which were low-mass particles s... | Deep inelastic scattering | 0.796783 |
95,208 | Due to the extreme hardness of the ceramics used, the tiles offer superior resistance against a shaped charge jet and they shatter kinetic energy penetrators (KE-penetrators). The (pulverised) ceramic also strongly abrades any penetrator. Against lighter projectiles, the hardness of the tiles causes a shatter gap effec... | Chobham armour | 0.796783 |
95,209 | Assume the setup in the beginning of this section ("Variational representations"). This is Theorem 7.25 in. | Chi-squared divergence | 0.796782 |
95,210 | Due to this barrier of women as second-class citizens in the computing world, it creates an environment that is not accessible to women. A study by the Psychology of Women Quarterly backs this hypothesis up by concluding that even the enduring effect of single, brief exposures to stereotypical role models leaves a stro... | Gender disparity in computing | 0.796782 |
95,211 | In computing, software engineering, and software testing, a test oracle (or just oracle) is a mechanism for determining whether a test has passed or failed. The use of oracles involves comparing the output(s) of the system under test, for a given test-case input, to the output(s) that the oracle determines that product... | Test oracle | 0.796782 |
95,212 | In the early 1950s, Erwin Finlay-Freundlich proposed a redshift as "the result of loss of energy by observed photons traversing a radiation field". which was cited and argued for as an explanation for the redshift-distance relation in a 1962 astrophysics theory Nature paper by University of Manchester physics professor... | Tired light theory | 0.796782 |
95,213 | Results from trial L-IV, in the first half of 1942, indicated that the spherical geometry, with five metric tons of heavy water and 10 metric tons of metallic uranium, could sustain a fission reaction. So, "the Germans were the first physicists in the world, with their Leipzig pile L-IV, to achieve positive neutron pro... | Robert Döpel | 0.796781 |
95,214 | For example, spontaneous parametric down-conversion can generate so-called 'twin beams', where (ideally) each photon of one beam is associated with a photon in the other beam. Atoms are considered as quantum mechanical oscillators with a discrete energy spectrum, with the transitions between the energy eigenstates bein... | Quantum Electronics | 0.796781 |
95,215 | Danish computer scientist Michael Edelgaard Caspersen (born in 1960 in Svenborg, Denmark) has spent his academic life furthering computer science education, at all levels. His research interests are computing education, programming didactics, programming methodology, and object-oriented programming. He is best known fo... | Michael E. Caspersen | 0.796781 |
95,216 | Many of the results for continuum phase-field models have discrete analogues for graphs, just replacing calculus with calculus on graphs. | Sharp interface model | 0.796781 |
95,217 | The lemma then follows. In particular, if A*A = B*B, then C is a partial isometry, which is unique if Ker(B*) ⊂ Ker(C). In general, for any bounded operator A, where (A*A)1/2 is the unique positive square root of A*A given by the usual functional calculus. | Operator Theory | 0.796781 |
95,218 | The main issues discovered in interesting and retaining women in computer science were feelings of an experience gap, confidence doubts, interest in curriculum and pedagogy, and peer culture. Universities across North America are changing their computer science programs to make them more appealing to women. Proactive a... | Gender disparity in computing | 0.79678 |
95,219 | While conceptually similar, those polygons are usually a lot larger than micropolygons. The quality achieved from this approach is thus limited by the geometry's tessellation density a long time before the renderer gets access to it. This difference between displacement mapping in micropolygon renderers vs. displacemen... | Displacement mapping | 0.79678 |
95,220 | Object database – database management system in which information is represented in the form of objects as used in object-oriented programming. Also called an "object-oriented database management system". Entity–attribute–value model – | Outline of databases | 0.79678 |
95,221 | The "reserve" that allows "false positives" with regularity is evident in the unusual hump at the -1.5 Standard Deviation point. This psychology is summed up in a phrase often heard on trading desks on Wall Street, "let us take the pain now!" The geometry of this behavior in figure 1 is the area in between the blue lin... | Bias ratio | 0.79678 |
95,222 | An alternative, optical astronomy, combines astronomical coordinates and the local gravity vector to get geodetic coordinates. This method only provides the position in two coordinates and is more difficult to use than GPS. | Geophysics | 0.79678 |
95,223 | Much of the computational complexity involved in the use of evolutionary algorithms as an optimization tool is due to the fitness function evaluation that may either be very difficult to define or be computationally very expensive. One of the recent proposed approaches—in fast recovering the PN sequence- is the use of ... | Audio watermark | 0.796779 |
95,224 | A common application are television and feature film post-production as many multiple editors can access the same set of video data non-destructively.StorNext has also been leveraged for high end motion and geoscience imagery in both commercial and public sector use cases, and for high density forensic data, such as in... | StorNext File System | 0.796779 |
95,225 | For different geographic regions, other datum systems can be used. Prior to the development of the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system, several European nations demonstrated the utility of grid-based conformal maps by mapping their territory during the interwar period. Calculating the distance between two p... | Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system | 0.796779 |
95,226 | John Lewis Selfridge (February 17, 1927 – October 31, 2010), was an American mathematician who contributed to the fields of analytic number theory, computational number theory, and combinatorics. | John Selfridge | 0.796779 |
95,227 | The polar decomposition in the complex linear group G implies the Cartan decomposition H* = K ⋅ exp i m {\displaystyle i{\mathfrak {m}}} in H*.Moreover, given a maximal Abelian subalgebra a {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {a}}} in t, A = exp a {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {a}}} is a toral subgroup such that σ(a) = a−1 on A; and... | Bounded symmetric domain | 0.796779 |
95,228 | Some wave functions produce probability distributions that are independent of time, such as eigenstates of the Hamiltonian. Many systems that are treated dynamically in classical mechanics are described by such "static" wave functions. For example, a single electron in an unexcited atom is pictured classically as a par... | Quantum systems | 0.796778 |
95,229 | "Selective" means that herbivores may choose their forage source depending on, e.g., season or food availability, but also that they may choose high quality (and consequently highly nutritious) forage before lower quality. The latter especially is determined by the body mass of the herbivore, with small herbivores sele... | Herbivorous fish | 0.796778 |
95,230 | Yuriy Reznikov received his Master's degree in radiophysics from Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in 1976. In 1985, he received his doctorate in physics in NASU Institute of Physics. His Ph.D. thesis was titled “The study of the optical nonlinearity of liquid crystals near their electron absorption bands”. ... | Yuriy Reznikov | 0.796778 |
95,231 | In cryptography, the Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) is a block cipher notable for its simplicity of description and implementation, typically a few lines of code. It was designed by David Wheeler and Roger Needham of the Cambridge Computer Laboratory; it was first presented at the Fast Software Encryption workshop in ... | Tiny Encryption Algorithm | 0.796778 |
95,232 | The 1975 paper by Brillhart, Lehmer, and Selfridge gives a proof for what is shown above as the "generalized Pocklington theorem" as Theorem 4 on page 623. Additional theorems are shown which allow less factoring. This includes their Theorem 3 (a strengthening of an 1878 theorem of Proth): Let N − 1 = m p {\displaystyl... | Pocklington primality test | 0.796778 |
95,233 | The bipolar outflows in the image indicate that the system has angular momentum, which is very likely generated by an accretion disc. In addition, a disc geometry would account for the varying thickness of the enclosure that allows light to escape along the disc's axis and illuminate the outer layers of gas, but still ... | Egg Nebula | 0.796778 |
95,234 | Evidence from daughter products of short-lived radioactive isotopes shows that a nearby supernova helped determine the composition of the Solar System 4.5 billion years ago, and may even have triggered the formation of this system. Supernova production of heavy elements over astronomic periods of time ultimately made t... | Near-Earth supernova | 0.796778 |
95,235 | Nikil Dutt is a Chancellor's Professor of Computer Science at University of California, Irvine, United States. Professor Dutt's research interests are in embedded systems, electronic design automation, computer architecture, optimizing compilers, system specification techniques, distributed systems, and formal methods. | Nikil Dutt | 0.796777 |
95,236 | Nanoengineering -- Nanotechnology -- | Index of chemical engineering articles | 0.796777 |
95,237 | In terms of finding a solution, this causality property means that for any given point on the line being considered, the only area that needs to be considered is the area encompassing all the points that could causally affect the point being considered. Denote the area that causally affects point (xi, ti) as RC. Suppos... | Wave Equation | 0.796777 |
95,238 | Moskalenko gained their experience with the autowave theory also in Pushchino, in the neighboring Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, under the guidance of E.E.Shnoll. The term "autowave processes" for all these (and other) phenomena was coined by the USSR physicist R.V. Khokhlov. | Autowave | 0.796777 |
95,239 | There are many different types of bacterial 60 kDa transmembrane receptors, which share similar topology and signalling mechanisms. They possess three domains: a periplasmic ligand-binding domain, two transmembrane segments, and a cytoplasmic domain. The structure of the ligand-binding domain comprises a closed or part... | Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins | 0.796777 |
95,240 | Since August 18, 2017, the robotbenchmark.net website has offered free access to a series of robotics benchmarks based on Webots simulations through the Webots web interface. Webots instances are running in the cloud and the 3D views are displayed in the user browser. From this web interface, users can program robots i... | Webots | 0.796777 |
95,241 | Theorem Any oval o {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {o}}} in a finite pappian projective plane of odd order is a nondegenerate conic section. Proof For the proof we show that the oval has property (P3) of the 3-point version of Pascal's theorem. Let be P 1 , P 2 , P 3 {\displaystyle P_{1},P_{2},P_{3}} any triangle on o {\disp... | Segre's theorem | 0.796777 |
95,242 | In November 2017, Life Image announced a partnership with Google Cloud Platform to develop novel solutions in artificial intelligence and machine learning. == References == | Life Image | 0.796777 |
95,243 | In his fundamental papers, Vincent presented examples that show precisely how to use his theorem to isolate real roots of polynomials with continued fractions. However the resulting method had exponential computing time, a fact that mathematicians must have realized then, as was realized by Uspensky p. 136, a century l... | Vincent's theorem | 0.796777 |
95,244 | Multiple theoretical foundations from evolutionary biology and evolutionary anthropology are important to human reproductive ecology. Notably, reproductive ecology relies heavily on Life History Theory, energetics, fitness theories, kin selection, and theories based on the study of animal evolution. | Human reproductive ecology | 0.796776 |
95,245 | In physics, the scallop theorem states that a swimmer that performs a reciprocal motion cannot achieve net displacement in a low-Reynolds number Newtonian fluid environment, i.e. a fluid that is highly viscous. Such a swimmer deforms its body into a particular shape through a sequence of motions and then reverts to the... | Scallop theorem | 0.796776 |
95,246 | Of his prose works, two, which were stand authority, dealt respectively with precious stones and climatology. Beyond question the poet-astronomer was undevout; and his astronomy doubtless helped to make him so. | Omar Khayyam | 0.796776 |
95,247 | initial costs can be higher – effort required to understand, apply, and qualify for ZEB subsidies, if they exist. very few designers or builders have the necessary skills or experience to build ZEBs possible declines in future utility company renewable energy costs may lessen the value of capital invested in energy eff... | Zero energy home | 0.796775 |
95,248 | Local binary patterns (LBP) is a type of visual descriptor used for classification in computer vision. LBP is the particular case of the Texture Spectrum model proposed in 1990. LBP was first described in 1994. It has since been found to be a powerful feature for texture classification; it has further been determined t... | Local binary patterns | 0.796775 |
95,249 | The good regulator is a theorem conceived by Roger C. Conant and W. Ross Ashby that is central to cybernetics. Originally stated that "every good regulator of a system must be a model of that system", but more accurately, every good regulator must contain a model of the system. That is, any regulator that is maximally ... | Good Regulator | 0.796775 |
95,250 | Some of the historically important examples of enumerations in algebraic geometry include: 2 The number of lines meeting 4 general lines in space 8 The number of circles tangent to 3 general circles (the problem of Apollonius). 27 The number of lines on a smooth cubic surface (Salmon and Cayley) 2875 The number of line... | Enumerative geometry | 0.796775 |
95,251 | From 1950 to 1953, Walter studied anthropology, biology, pre and early history, and psychology at the University of Kiel. On 18 July 1953, he completed his Ph.D. from the University of Kiel under the supervision of Hans Weinert. The subject of his doctoral dissertation was "Investigations Into the Inheritance of the Ab... | Hubert Walter (anthropologist) | 0.796775 |
95,252 | A Clos network topology (diagrammed below) is parameterized by three integers n, m, and r: n represents the number of sources which feed into each of r ingress stage crossbar switches; each ingress stage crossbar switch has m outlets; and there are m middle stage crossbar switches. Circuit switching arranges a dedicate... | Clos network | 0.796774 |
95,253 | The Chézy equation is a pioneering formula in the field of fluid mechanics and was expanded and modified by Irish Engineer Robert Manning in 1889. Manning's modifications to the Chézy formula allowed the entire similarity parameter to be calculated by channel characteristics rather than by experimental measurements. To... | Chézy coefficient | 0.796774 |
95,254 | In mathematical physics, a Grassmann number, named after Hermann Grassmann (also called an anticommuting number or supernumber), is an element of the exterior algebra over the complex numbers. The special case of a 1-dimensional algebra is known as a dual number. Grassmann numbers saw an early use in physics to express... | Grassman variable | 0.796774 |
95,255 | During Brauner's time with Roscoe at the University of Manchester, he became interested in the chemistry of the rare earth elements. A theme of his investigations was the determination of their relative positions in the periodic table. One method he used to separate these elements was fluorination, yielding compounds t... | Bohuslav Brauner | 0.796774 |
95,256 | In practice, the two coordinate-free definitions described above are rarely used because in virtually all cases, the curl operator can be applied using some set of curvilinear coordinates, for which simpler representations have been derived. The notation ∇ × F has its origins in the similarities to the 3-dimensional cr... | Rot operator | 0.796774 |
95,257 | In mathematical physics, scattering theory is a framework for studying and understanding the interaction or scattering of solutions to partial differential equations. In acoustics, the differential equation is the wave equation, and scattering studies how its solutions, the sound waves, scatter from solid objects or pr... | Light scattering in liquids and solids | 0.796774 |
95,258 | There is a remarkable characterization of Cohen–Macaulay rings, sometimes called miracle flatness or Hironaka's criterion. Let R be a local ring which is finitely generated as a module over some regular local ring A contained in R. Such a subring exists for any localization R at a prime ideal of a finitely generated al... | Unmixed ideal | 0.796773 |
95,259 | Decamethylcobaltocene is an organocobalt compound with the formula Co(C5(CH3)5)2, abbreviated CoCp∗2. It is a dark brown solid. This compound is used as a strong reducing agent in organometallic chemistry. | Decamethylcobaltocene | 0.796773 |
95,260 | Duhem was convinced that all physical phenomena, including mechanics, electromagnetism, and chemistry, could be derived from the principles of thermodynamics. Influenced by Macquorn Rankine's "Outlines of the Science of Energetics", Duhem carried out this intellectual project in his Traité de l'Énergétique (1911), but ... | Pierre Duhem | 0.796773 |
95,261 | From 1951 to 1952, he worked at Electrotechnical Laboratory in Tanashi, Tokyo. In 1956, he was employed at Bell Labs. In 1958, he joined the faculty of the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Washington, where he was also an adjunct professor of applied mathematics. | Akira Ishimaru | 0.796773 |
95,262 | The Quantum Revolution - Kaku investigates the advances of quantum physics and the effects it could have on the average human life. Kaku looks at the work of science fiction writers and the way that many concepts conceived for entertainment could in fact become reality. Kaku also speculates about the effects that such ... | Visions of the Future | 0.796773 |
95,263 | A member of the National Academy of Sciences, Fox served as president of the scientific research society Sigma Xi. She earned a B.S. in chemistry from Notre Dame College in 1969 and a PhD from Dartmouth College in 1974. In 1976 she joined the faculty of the University of Texas at Austin, where she rose to direct the Ce... | Marye Anne Fox | 0.796773 |
95,264 | While radio astronomy was developed in the 1930s, it was not until 1937 that any substantial evidence arose for the conclusive identification of an interstellar molecule – up until this point, the only chemical species known to exist in interstellar space were atomic. These findings were confirmed in 1940, when McKella... | Interstellar chemistry | 0.796773 |
95,265 | In 1918, the Lick Observatory, also in California, announced that it too had disproved Einstein's prediction, although its findings were not published.However, in May 1919, a team led by the British astronomer Arthur Stanley Eddington claimed to have confirmed Einstein's prediction of gravitational deflection of starli... | History of general relativity | 0.796772 |
95,266 | NASTRAN is written primarily in FORTRAN and contains over one million lines of code. NASTRAN is compatible with a large variety of computers and operating systems ranging from small workstations to the largest supercomputers. NASTRAN was designed from the beginning to consist of several modules. A module is a collectio... | Nastran | 0.796772 |
95,267 | Open research is often used quasi-synonymously to address the gap that the denotion of "science" might have regarding an inclusion of the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. The primary focus connecting all disciplines is the widespread uptake of new technologies and tools, and the underlying ecology of the productio... | Open Science | 0.796772 |
95,268 | In organic chemistry, a carbyne is a general term for any compound whose structure consists of an electrically neutral carbon atom connected by a single covalent bond and has three non-bonded electrons. The carbon atom has either one or three unpaired electrons, depending on its excitation state; making it a radical. T... | Carbyne | 0.796772 |
95,269 | a packaging system that is capable of carrying out intelligent functions (such as detecting, sensing, recording, tracing, communicating, and applying scientific logic) to facilitate decision making to extend shelf life, enhance safety, improve quality, provide information, and warn about possible problems. Depending on... | Active packaging | 0.796772 |
95,270 | The second vector calculus identity above states that the divergence of the curl of a vector field is zero. Since the (incompressible) mass continuity equation specifies the divergence of flow velocity being zero, we can replace the flow velocity with the curl of some vector ψ so that mass continuity is always satisfie... | Derivation of the Navier–Stokes equations | 0.796772 |
95,271 | Let A be a vector space over K with a quadratic form q and associated symmetric bilinear form q(x,y) = q(x+y) - q(x) - q(y). Let e be a "basepoint" of A, that is, an element with q(e) = 1. Define a linear functional T(y) = q(y,e) and a "reflection" y∗ = T(y)e - y. For each x we define Q(x) by Q(x): y ↦ q(x,y∗)x − q(x) ... | Quadratic Jordan algebra | 0.796772 |
95,272 | In mathematics, two points of a sphere (or n-sphere, including a circle) are called antipodal or diametrically opposite if they are the intersections of the sphere with a diameter, a straight line passing through its center.Given any point on a sphere, its antipodal point is the unique point at greatest distance, wheth... | Antipodal point | 0.796771 |
95,273 | The SYZ mirror symmetry conjecture is one possible refinement of the original mirror symmetry conjecture relating Hodge numbers of mirror Calabi–Yau manifolds. The other is Kontsevich's homological mirror symmetry conjecture (HMS conjecture). These two conjectures encode the predictions of mirror symmetry in different ... | SYZ conjecture | 0.796771 |
95,274 | Furry's theorem allows for the simplification of a number of amplitude calculations in quantum electrodynamics. In particular, since the result also holds when photons are off-shell, all Feynman diagrams which have at least one internal fermion loops with an odd number of vertices have a vanishing contribution to the a... | Furry's theorem | 0.796771 |
95,275 | In this way, deposition rates of 60 nm per minute could be reached. ALD is typically used to produce substrates for microelectronics and nanotechnology, and therefore, thick atomic layers are not needed. Many substrates cannot be used because of their fragility or impurity. Impurities are typically found on the 0.1–1 a... | Atomic Layer Deposition | 0.796771 |
95,276 | The duality theorem has an economic interpretation. If we interpret the primal LP as a classical "resource allocation" problem, its dual LP can be interpreted as a "resource valuation" problem. Consider a factory that is planning its production of goods. Let x {\displaystyle x} be its production schedule (make x i {\di... | Linear programming duality | 0.79677 |
95,277 | Hilbert, however, did not acknowledge the importance of the incompleteness theorem for some time.Gödel's theorem shows that a consistency proof of any sufficiently strong, effective axiom system cannot be obtained in the system itself, if the system is consistent, nor in any weaker system. This leaves open the possibil... | Formal logical systems | 0.79677 |
95,278 | John E. Bercaw 2014 "For path-breaking advances in inorganic and organometallic chemistry related to the elucidation of olefin polymerization and hydrocarbon oxidation mechanisms and development of early metal polymerization catalysts" John F. Hartwig 2015 "For groundbreaking advances in organometallic and synthetic or... | Willard Gibbs Award | 0.79677 |
95,279 | ADS is almost universally used as a research tool among astronomers, and there are several studies that have estimated quantitatively how much more efficient ADS has made astronomy; one estimated that ADS increased the efficiency of astronomical research by 333 full-time equivalent research years per year, and another ... | Astrophysics Data System | 0.79677 |
95,280 | Genetic algorithms are commonly used to generate high-quality solutions to optimization and search problems by relying on bio-inspired operators such as mutation, crossover and selection. genetic operator An operator used in genetic algorithms to guide the algorithm towards a solution to a given problem. There are thre... | Glossary of artificial intelligence | 0.79677 |
95,281 | Shorthand for phenomenology, the group consisted of particle physicists designing and running experiments alongside developing theoretical models that went beyond the current standard model of particle physics. He later moved to UCLA where he became a Distinguished Professor of Physics & Astronomy for his contributions... | David B. Cline | 0.796769 |
95,282 | Jacob Bernoulli's first important contributions were a pamphlet on the parallels of logic and algebra published in 1685, work on probability in 1685 and geometry in 1687. His geometry result gave a construction to divide any triangle into four equal parts with two perpendicular lines. By 1689 he had published important... | Jacob Bernoulli | 0.796769 |
95,283 | Although no P450 has yet been shown to be essential in a microbe, the CYP105 family is highly conserved with a representative in every streptomycete genome sequenced so far. Due to the solubility of bacterial P450 enzymes, they are generally regarded as easier to work with than the predominantly membrane bound eukaryot... | Cytochrome P450 | 0.796769 |
95,284 | Although polygenic risk scores gained increased attention within humans, the basic idea was first introduced for selective plant and animal breeding. Similar to the modern approaches of constructing a polygenic risk score, an individual's breeding value was the sum of single nucleotide polymorphism weight by their effe... | Polygenic scores | 0.796769 |
95,285 | Due to the modularity of the sgRNA, several different sgRNAs with distinct functional modules can be expressed in each cell at once. The different RNA modules can then work simultaneously and independently, allowing for, for example, regulation of one genomic location whilst imaging the effects of the regulation at ano... | CRISPR-Display | 0.796769 |
95,286 | Object-oriented modeling (OOM) is a common approach to modeling applications, systems, and business domains by using the object-oriented paradigm throughout the entire development life cycles. OOM is a main technique heavily used by both OOD and OOA activities in modern software engineering. Object-oriented modeling ty... | Object-oriented analysis and design | 0.796768 |
95,287 | Nature Nanotechnology. 4 (5): 320–324. ISSN 1748-3387. | Phaedon Avouris | 0.796768 |
95,288 | {\displaystyle |0\rangle +|1\rangle .} Thus applying an Hadamard and measuring the first register always gives the outcome | 0 ⟩ {\displaystyle |0\rangle } . On the other hand, if f {\displaystyle f} is one-to-one, that is, s = 0 {\displaystyle s=0} , then measuring the first register after the second Hadamard can resu... | Simon's problem | 0.796768 |
95,289 | The process which ejects the electron from the ion is properly called photodetachment rather than photoionization because the result is a neutral atom (rather than an ion) and a free electron. H− also occurs in the Earth's ionosphere and can be produced in particle accelerators.Its existence was first proven theoretica... | Hydrogen anion | 0.796768 |
95,290 | In geometry, the order-3 apeirogonal tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It is represented by the Schläfli symbol {∞,3}, having three regular apeirogons around each vertex. Each apeirogon is inscribed in a horocycle. The order-2 apeirogonal tiling represents an infinite dihedron in the Euclidean plane a... | Order-3 apeirogonal tiling | 0.796768 |
95,291 | Maharam's theorem states that every complete measure space is decomposable into measures on continua, and a finite or countable counting measure. | Complete measure | 0.796767 |
95,292 | At age four Kock started learning piano, and by high school he could play full recitals. In college he began composing music. He then took electrical engineering courses at the University of Cincinnati and continued studying piano and organ at the Cincinnati College of Music. In the 1930s, as partial fulfillment of his... | Winston E. Kock | 0.796767 |
95,293 | In solid-state physics, the tight-binding model (or TB model) is an approach to the calculation of electronic band structure using an approximate set of wave functions based upon superposition of wave functions for isolated atoms located at each atomic site. The method is closely related to the LCAO method (linear comb... | Tight binding model | 0.796767 |
95,294 | Chapter 7 returns to BCH codes. After these discussions of specific codes, the next chapter concerns enumerator polynomials, including the MacWilliams identities, Pless's own power moment identities, and the Gleason polynomials. The final two chapters connect this material to the theory of combinatorial designs and the... | Introduction to the Theory of Error-Correcting Codes | 0.796767 |
95,295 | For the Blahut-Arimoto algorithm, the main idea is to start with the last mutual information of the directed information expression and go backward. For the Markov decision process, the main ideas is to transform the optimization into an infinite horizon average reward Markov decision process. For a Recurrent neural ne... | Directed Information | 0.796767 |
95,296 | Her research considers algebraic geometry. She has developed the mathematical theories that underpin algebraic stacks. Stacks were first introduced to understand the moduli space of curves. | Barbara Fantechi | 0.796766 |
95,297 | Banks has evolved a (self-confessedly) technobabble system of theoretical physics to describe the ships' acceleration and travel, using such concepts as "infraspace" and "ultraspace" and an "energy grid" between universes (from which the warp engines "push off" to achieve momentum). An "induced singularity" is used to ... | Neural lace | 0.796766 |
95,298 | Linear model — relates to meaning of "linear" Dependent and independent variables Errors and residuals in statistics Hat matrix Trend-stationary process Cross-sectional data Time series | Outline of regression analysis | 0.796766 |
95,299 | Composition of produced fluids vary, depending on the P–T conditions and rock chemistry and may be influenced by fluid rock-rock interactions along the pathway. Coupling between fluid flow and structural deformation plays a key role for mineralization. Gold formation occurs typically in the late phase of an orogeny, du... | Orogenic gold deposit | 0.796766 |
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