id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 20 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 104 | similarity float32 0.8 0.91 |
|---|---|---|---|
96,500 | Computer science in sport is an interdisciplinary discipline that has its goal in combining the theoretical as well as practical aspects and methods of the areas of informatics and sport science. The main emphasis of the interdisciplinarity is placed on the application and use of computer-based but also mathematical te... | Computer science in sport | 0.796523 |
96,501 | IDEF6 or Integrated Definition for Design Rationale Capture is a method to facilitate the acquisition, representation, and manipulation of the design rationale used in the development of enterprise systems. This method, that wants to define the motives that drive the decision-making process, is still in development.Rat... | IDEF6 | 0.796522 |
96,502 | A line of construction sets for building robots, VEX Robotics kits allow a player to build their own contraptions as well as up-scaled versions of Hexbug products. It is named after the VEX Robotics learning platform developed by Innovation First, which was prominently utilized for STEM education. | Hexbug | 0.796522 |
96,503 | Coherent X-ray beams can be produced by modern synchrotron radiation sources, free-electron lasers and high-harmonic sources. In terms of routine analysis, X-ray ptychotomography is today the most commonly used technique. It has been applied to many materials problems including, for example, the study of paint, imaging... | Ptychography | 0.796522 |
96,504 | This is the basis for understanding the contribution of each single variable to a multivariate regression (see, for instance, Ch. 13 in ). The theorem also implies that the secondary regression used for obtaining M X 1 {\displaystyle M_{X_{1}}} is unnecessary when the predictor variables are uncorrelated: using project... | Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem | 0.796522 |
96,505 | The 3M Petrifilm plate is an all-in-one plating system made by the Food Safety Division of the 3M Company. They are heavily used in many microbiology-related industries and fields to culture various micro-organisms and are meant to be a more efficient method for detection and enumeration compared to conventional platin... | Petrifilm | 0.796521 |
96,506 | This increases the likelihood that seeds will remain underground instead of being ejected from the nest.Nest chemistry is ideally suited for seed germination given that ant colonies are typically enriched with plant nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrate. This is likely to be advantageous in areas with infertile soil... | Myrmecochory | 0.796521 |
96,507 | Cantor went a step further and produced a sequence in which each real algebraic number appears just once. He did this by only using polynomials that are irreducible over the integers. The following table contains the beginning of Cantor's enumeration. | Cantor's first set theory article | 0.796521 |
96,508 | These computer algebra systems are sometimes combined with "front end" programs that provide a better user interface, such as the general-purpose GNU TeXmacs. | Comparison of computer algebra systems | 0.796521 |
96,509 | After graduating from high school, Winston left East Peoria, a suburb of Peoria, IL, to come to MIT by train. He received his undergraduate degree from MIT in 1965, where he was a member of Phi Delta Theta fraternity, and went on to complete his Masters and PhD there as well, finalizing his PhD in 1970. His research in... | Patrick Winston | 0.796521 |
96,510 | Late in the 20th century, the detection of solar neutrinos founded the field of neutrino astronomy, giving an insight into previously inaccessible phenomena, such as the inner workings of the Sun. The observation of gravitational waves provides a further means of making astrophysical observations. Russell Hulse and Jos... | Gravitational-wave astronomy | 0.796521 |
96,511 | Additional benefits have also been cited, including safer roadways, boosting the tourism industry, and energy savings. Detractors cite the relatively late sunrises, particularly in winter, that year-round DST entails.Some experts in circadian rhythms and sleep health recommend year-round standard time as the preferred ... | Daylight Saving Time | 0.796521 |
96,512 | University of Melbourne - BSc and MSc in Physics California Institute of Technology - PhD in Physics, awarded in 1988 University of Arizona, USA - Research Associate (1988 - 1991) Technion, Israel - Lady Davis Fellow (1991 - 1993) Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel - Feinberg Fellow (1993 - 1995) University of Ulm, ... | Samuel L. Braunstein | 0.796521 |
96,513 | H.-S. P. Wong and D. Akinwande, “Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Device Physics,” Cambridge University Press, 2011. (ISBN 9780521519052). | H.-S. Philip Wong | 0.796521 |
96,514 | A solid torus is a torus plus the volume inside the torus. Real-world objects that approximate a solid torus include O-rings, non-inflatable lifebuoys, ring doughnuts, and bagels. In topology, a ring torus is homeomorphic to the Cartesian product of two circles: S 1 × S 1 {\displaystyle S^{1}\times S^{1}} , and the lat... | Ring torus | 0.79652 |
96,515 | Expression optimization is program design optimization, and expression evaluation is program generation. Note: GenVoca is based on the stepwise development of programs: a process that emphasizes design simplicity and understandability, which are key to program comprehension and automated program construction. Consider ... | Feature-oriented programming | 0.79652 |
96,516 | The sheaf of rational functions KX of a scheme X is the generalization to scheme theory of the notion of function field of an algebraic variety in classical algebraic geometry. In the case of varieties, such a sheaf associates to each open set U the ring of all rational functions on that open set; in other words, KX(U)... | Function field (scheme theory) | 0.79652 |
96,517 | If S is a compact surface (without boundary), then the inequality is an equality by the usual Gauss–Bonnet theorem for compact manifolds. If S has a boundary, then the Gauss–Bonnet theorem gives ∬ S K d A = 2 π χ ( S ) − ∫ ∂ S k g d s {\displaystyle \iint _{S}K\,dA=2\pi \chi (S)-\int _{\partial S}k_{g}\,ds} where k g {... | Cohn-Vossen's inequality | 0.796519 |
96,518 | In cell biology, a bleb is a bulge of the plasma membrane of a cell, characterized by a spherical, "blister-like", bulky morphology. It is characterized by the decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane, degrading the internal structure of the cell, allowing the flexibility required for the cell to separat... | Membrane blebbing | 0.796518 |
96,519 | In mathematics, a module over a (not necessarily commutative) ring is countably generated if it is generated as a module by a countable subset. The importance of the notion comes from Kaplansky's theorem (Kaplansky 1958), which states that a projective module is a direct sum of countably generated modules. More general... | Countably generated module | 0.796518 |
96,520 | In the case of the strong interactions, progress concerning their short-distance/high-energy behavior was much slower and more frustrating. For strong interactions with the electro-weak fields, there were difficult issues regarding the strength of coupling, the mass generation of the force carriers as well as their non... | History of quantum field theory | 0.796518 |
96,521 | Tim Austin (UCLA): Rational group ring elements with kernels having irrational von Neumann dimension Xiuxiong Chen (UW Madison): The space of Kaehler metrics Tobias Colding (MIT): Sharp Hölder continuity of tangent cones for spaces with a lower Ricci curvature bound and applications Marianna Csörnyei (University Colleg... | Geometry Festival | 0.796518 |
96,522 | In physics, the plane-wave expansion expresses a plane wave as a linear combination of spherical waves: where i is the imaginary unit, k is a wave vector of length k, r is a position vector of length r, jℓ are spherical Bessel functions, Pℓ are Legendre polynomials, and the hat ^ denotes the unit vector.In the special ... | Plane-wave expansion | 0.796518 |
96,523 | 1948, "Cycle distributions in random nets." Bull. Math. Biophysics 10(3):145–157. | Anatol Rapoport | 0.796518 |
96,524 | Al-Sūfī made his astronomical observations at a latitude of 32.7N° in Isfahan. It has been claimed that he identified the Large Magellanic Cloud, but this seems to be a misunderstanding of a reference to some stars south of Canopus which he admits he has not seen. He also made the earliest recorded observation of the A... | Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi | 0.796517 |
96,525 | The ontology of de Broglie–Bohm theory consists of a configuration q ( t ) ∈ Q {\displaystyle q(t)\in Q} of the universe and a pilot wave ψ ( q , t ) ∈ C {\displaystyle \psi (q,t)\in \mathbb {C} } . The configuration space Q {\displaystyle Q} can be chosen differently, as in classical mechanics and standard quantum mec... | De Broglie-Bohm theory | 0.796517 |
96,526 | Early mentions of the Web of Things as a term also appeared in a paper by Vlad Stirbu et al.From 2007 onwards, Trifa, Guinard, Wilde and other researchers tried publishing their ideas and concepts at peer-reviewed conferences but were unsuccessful. Their work was rejected by Wireless Sensor Networks research community ... | Web of Things | 0.796517 |
96,527 | The high value of astronomical knowledge is already demonstrated by the astronomical section of the Book of Enoch (about 72-80 BC), as well as by such sayings as those of Eleazar Hisma (about 100), a profound mathematician, who could "count the drops in the ocean", and who declared that the "ability to compute the sols... | Hebrew astronomy | 0.796517 |
96,528 | The social learning theory posits that children furthermore develop their gender identity through observing and imitating gender-linked behaviors, and then being rewarded or punished for behaving that way, thus being shaped by the people surrounding them through trying to imitate and follow them. Large-scale twin studi... | Gender identities | 0.796517 |
96,529 | Architecture description languages (ADLs) are used in several disciplines: system engineering, software engineering, and enterprise modelling and engineering. The system engineering community uses an architecture description language as a language and/or a conceptual model to describe and represent system architectures... | Architecture Description Language | 0.796517 |
96,530 | Carreau fluid in physics is a type of generalized Newtonian fluid where viscosity, μ eff {\displaystyle \mu _{\operatorname {eff} }} , depends upon the shear rate, γ ˙ {\displaystyle {\dot {\gamma }}} , by the following equation: μ eff ( γ ˙ ) = μ inf + ( μ 0 − μ inf ) ( 1 + ( λ γ ˙ ) 2 ) n − 1 2 {\displaystyle \mu _{\... | Carreau fluid | 0.796517 |
96,531 | Inner sphere complex is a type of surface complex that refers to the surface chemistry changing a water-surface interface to one without water molecules bridging a ligand to the metal ion. Formation of inner sphere complexes occurs when ions bind directly to the surface with no intervening water molecules. These types ... | Inner sphere complex | 0.796517 |
96,532 | Arbuzov, V.I. Savrin, and S.A. Shichanin, On a mechanism of GSI resonance production, Physics Letters, B275, No.1—2, p. | Boris Arbuzov (physicist) | 0.796517 |
96,533 | Central to the ecosystem concept is the idea that living organisms interact with every other element in their local environment. Eugene Odum, a founder of ecology, stated: "Any unit that includes all of the organisms (ie: the "community") in a given area interacting with the physical environment so that a flow of energ... | Nature | 0.796517 |
96,534 | For example, the complex n-space C n {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} ^{n}} can be regarded as a complex affine space, when one is interested only in its affine properties (as opposed to its linear or metrical properties, for example). Since any two affine spaces of the same dimension are isomorphic, in some situations it is... | Complex affine space | 0.796516 |
96,535 | In 2015, Ping Zhang was named as a fellow of the American Council on Education (ACE) for the 2015–2016 academic year. Ping Zhang received her PhD in information systems from the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas at Austin, and M.Sc. and B.Sc. in computer science from Peking University, Beijing, Chin... | Ping Zhang (information scientist) | 0.796515 |
96,536 | Mutations are generally implemented as random changes to the code. Use of cellular automata is common but not required. Another example could be an artificial intelligence and multi-agent system/program. | Artificial Life | 0.796515 |
96,537 | Led by Associate Professor Sebastian Thrun, director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab, the Stanford Racing Team was developed solely for the purpose of competing in the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge. Stanford did not participate in the 2004 DARPA Grand Challenge and was considered to have 20:1 chances of winnin... | Stanley (vehicle) | 0.796515 |
96,538 | Seymour Aubrey Papert (; 29 February 1928 – 31 July 2016) was a South African-born American mathematician, computer scientist, and educator, who spent most of his career teaching and researching at MIT. He was one of the pioneers of artificial intelligence, and of the constructionist movement in education. He was co-in... | Seymour Papert | 0.796515 |
96,539 | For her post-doctoral work, she focused on cardiac stem cell biology and biomaterials. Here, her seminal work was to be the first scientist to demonstrate that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiate towards the cardiovascular and hematopoietic lineages, showing that beating cardiomyocytes could be derived... | Katja Schenke-Layland | 0.796514 |
96,540 | In polymer chemistry, compatibilization is the addition of a substance to an immiscible blend of polymers that will increase their stability. Polymer blends are typically described by coarse, unstable phase morphologies; this results in poor mechanical properties. Compatibilizing the system will make a more stable and ... | Compatibilization | 0.796514 |
96,541 | A special form of a blazed grating is the echelle grating. It is characterized by particularly large blaze angle (>45°). Therefore, the light hits the short legs of the triangular grating lines instead of the long legs. Echelle gratings are mostly manufactured with larger line spacing but are optimized for higher diffr... | Littrow angle | 0.796514 |
96,542 | But Schmidhuber's objective function to be maximized also includes an additional, intrinsic term to model "wow-effects". This non-standard term motivates purely creative behavior of the agent even when there are no external goals. A wow-effect is formally defined as follows: As the agent is creating and predicting and ... | Creativity | 0.796514 |
96,543 | Together with his students he demonstrated the existence and wide-ranging importance of the hydrogen bond. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1922.In 1927, he proposed the inert pair effect which describes the stability of heavier p-block atoms in an oxidation state two less than the maximum. In 1940 his B... | Nevil Sidgwick | 0.796513 |
96,544 | The Möbius function μ(n) is a multiplicative function in number theory introduced by the German mathematician August Ferdinand Möbius (also transliterated Moebius) in 1832. It is ubiquitous in elementary and analytic number theory and most often appears as part of its namesake the Möbius inversion formula. Following wo... | Mobius function | 0.796513 |
96,545 | Motorists can be severely injured by a battery explosion. In the United States in 1994, a research note by the National Highway Traffic Safety Association estimated that about 442 persons were injured by exploding batteries while attempting a jump-start.The effects of accidentally reversing the cables will depend on th... | Jump start (internal combustion engine) | 0.796512 |
96,546 | The same year Millstone, Brunner and Mayer argued that the standard was a pseudo-scientific product of politics and lobbying that was created to reassure consumers and aid biotechnology companies to reduce the time and cost of safety testing. They suggested that GM foods have extensive biological, toxicological and imm... | Regulation of genetically modified food under controversy | 0.796512 |
96,547 | Fitch believes that an important aspect of the development of areas such as artificial intelligence is wetware with nano-intentionalility, and autonomous ability to adapt and restructure itself. In a review of the above-mentioned research conducted by Fitch, Daniel Dennett, a professor at Tufts University, discusses th... | Wetware computer | 0.796512 |
96,548 | Chattopadhyay completed his B.Sc. degree from Calcutta University in 1970 in physics. He continued his studies at the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur, for his post-graduate studies, completing his M.Sc. degree with specialization in Particle Physics in 1972. | Swapan Chattopadhyay | 0.796512 |
96,549 | The Xeelee Sequence (; ZEE-lee) is a series of hard science fiction novels, novellas, and short stories written by British science fiction author Stephen Baxter. The series spans billions of years of fictional history, centering on humanity's future expansion into the universe, its intergalactic war with an enigmatic a... | Xeelee Sequence | 0.796512 |
96,550 | Author-revised versions of the article are then linked to the original. A similar postpublication review system with versioned articles is used by Science Open launched in 2014.Also in 2013, researchers from College of Information and Computer Sciences at University of Massachusetts Amherst founded OpenReview website t... | Open peer review | 0.796511 |
96,551 | The Schwarz–Ahlfors–Pick theorem provides an analogous theorem for hyperbolic manifolds. De Branges' theorem, formerly known as the Bieberbach Conjecture, is an important extension of the lemma, giving restrictions on the higher derivatives of f {\displaystyle f} at 0 {\displaystyle 0} in case f {\displaystyle f} is in... | Schwarz lemma | 0.796511 |
96,552 | A different form of time dependence can arise in a time-invariant medium, as there can be a time delay between the imposition of the electric field and the resulting polarization of the material. In this case, P is a convolution of the impulse response susceptibility χ and the electric field E. Such a convolution takes... | Electrical displacement | 0.796511 |
96,553 | Wilkinson, James Hardy (1963). Rounding Errors in Algebraic Processes (1 ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall, Inc. ISBN 9780486679990. MR 0161456. | James H. Wilkinson | 0.79651 |
96,554 | Manufacturing Engineering is based on core industrial engineering and mechanical engineering skills, adding important elements from mechatronics, commerce, economics and business management. This field also deals with the integration of different facilities and systems for producing quality products (with optimal expen... | Industrial and production engineering | 0.79651 |
96,555 | Sir Charles William Oatley OBE, FRS FREng (14 February 1904 – 11 March 1996) was Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, 1960–1971, and developer of one of the first commercial scanning electron microscopes. He was also a founder member of the Royal Academy of Engineering. | Charles Oatley | 0.79651 |
96,556 | He was the Professor and Head of that department also in addition to Electronics and Communications Engineering department until 1987. During this period he introduced Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Master of Computer Applications (MCA) degrees in Tamil Nadu State. Venkatachalam is the first to introduce i... | P. A. Venkatachalam | 0.79651 |
96,557 | 123): This system of hyperbolic complex numbers is the direct sum of two fields isomorphic to the field of real numbers; this property permits explication of the theory of series and of functions of the hyperbolic complex variable through the use of properties of the field of real numbers.He then proceeds, for example... | Motor variable | 0.79651 |
96,558 | In contemporary mathematics the term knot is sometimes used to describe a more general phenomenon related to embeddings. Given a manifold M with a submanifold N, one sometimes says N can be knotted in M if there exists an embedding of N in M which is not isotopic to N. Traditional knots form the case where N = S1 and M... | Knots and graphs | 0.79651 |
96,559 | An ear is called exposed when its central vertex belongs to the convex hull of the polygon. However, it is possible for a polygon to have no exposed ears.Ears are a special case of a principal vertex, a vertex such that the line segment connecting the vertex's neighbors does not cross the polygon or touch any other ver... | Two ears theorem | 0.79651 |
96,560 | Several lecturers and researchers of the three Universities hold teaching assignments with OAR. OAR Researchers hold lections for both Bachelor and master's degree courses at the Physics departments of La Sapienza (4) and Roma Tre (1). OAR takes part in the Doctorate in Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Science which r... | Rome Observatory | 0.796509 |
96,561 | In 2013 this monograph was edited as an eBOOK. In 2011-17 he established a complete nucleotide sequence of four Georgian grape varieties, nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondria. In 2015-21 he established a complete chloroplast DNA sequence of Georgian wheat speciesIn 1967, he defended his Candidate's Dissertation. In 19... | Tengiz Beridze | 0.796509 |
96,562 | A qubit is a two-state (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include the spin of the electron in which the two levels can be taken as spin up and spin down; or the polarization of a single photon in which the two states ca... | Glossary of quantum computing | 0.796509 |
96,563 | Association for Computing Machinery Fellow (2014): For contributions to computer vision and medical image computing Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Fellow (2004): For contributions to surface reconstruction, object-recognition, image database indexing, and medical applications Association for the Adva... | Eric Grimson | 0.796509 |
96,564 | The advection-like term of the Soil Moisture Velocity Equation is particularly useful for calculating the advance of wetting fronts for a liquid invading an unsaturated porous medium under the combined action of gravity and capillarity because it is convertible to an ordinary differential equation by neglecting the dif... | Soil Moisture Velocity Equation | 0.796509 |
96,565 | In mathematics, the Hardy–Ramanujan theorem, proved by Ramanujan and checked by Hardy states that the normal order of the number ω(n) of distinct prime factors of a number n is log(log(n)). Roughly speaking, this means that most numbers have about this number of distinct prime factors. | Hardy–Ramanujan theorem | 0.796509 |
96,566 | It is written in C++ and released under the BSD license. These algorithms have been used, for example, for perception in robotics to filter outliers from noisy data, stitch 3D point clouds together, segment relevant parts of a scene, extract keypoints and compute descriptors to recognize objects in the world based on t... | Point Cloud Library | 0.796508 |
96,567 | Peking University consists of 30 schools and 12 departments, with 125 majors for undergraduates, 2 majors for the second Bachelor's degree, 282 programs for Master's degree candidates and 258 programs for doctoral candidates. In addition to basic research, the university also conducts applied research.At present, Pekin... | Peking University | 0.796508 |
96,568 | The public comment period for the latest version of the draft regulations ends December 30, 2011.Implementation of CGCI has been delayed indefinitely beyond the January 1, 2011 deadline due to issues that arose after public review of the third draft. The third draft, which was made public December 2010, contains substa... | California Green Chemistry Initiative | 0.796508 |
96,569 | doi:10.1080/01621459.1925.10503499. Hotelling, Harold (September 1927). "Differential equations subject to error, and population estimates". | Harold Hotelling | 0.796508 |
96,570 | ; however, the enzyme is inactive with the ferrous cation. Similarly, although the prokaryotic glyoxalase I prefers nickel, it is able to function with cobalt, manganese and cadmium; however, the enzyme is inert with bound zinc, due to a change in coordination geometry from octahedral to trigonal bipyramidal. Structura... | Glyoxalase I | 0.796508 |
96,571 | In semiconductor physics, the photo–Dember effect (named after its discoverer Harry Dember) is the formation of a charge dipole in the vicinity of a semiconductor surface after ultra-fast photo-generation of charge carriers. The dipole forms owing to the difference of mobilities (or diffusion constants) for holes and e... | Photo–Dember effect | 0.796508 |
96,572 | Although eutrophication is commonly caused by human activities, it can also be a natural process, particularly in lakes. Paleolimnologists now recognise that climate change, geology, and other external influences are also critical in regulating the natural productivity of lakes. A few lakes also demonstrate the reverse... | Cultural eutrophication | 0.796507 |
96,573 | Arthur Hinton Rosenfeld (June 22, 1926 – January 27, 2017) was a University of California, Berkeley physicist and California energy commissioner, dubbed the "Godfather of Energy Efficiency", for developing new standards which helped improve energy efficiency in California and subsequently worldwide.Rosenfeld was born i... | Arthur H. Rosenfeld | 0.796507 |
96,574 | Anthocyanins give grapes a red color and protection against ultraviolet light. Tannins add bitterness and astringency which acts to defend vines against pests and grazing animals.Environmental factors such as soil, rainfall and fog affect flavor in ways that can be described collectively as "character" or the French te... | Wine chemistry | 0.796507 |
96,575 | Trigonometric functions of inverse trigonometric functions are tabulated below. A quick way to derive them is by considering the geometry of a right-angled triangle, with one side of length 1 and another side of length x , {\displaystyle x,} then applying the Pythagorean theorem and definitions of the trigonometric rat... | Arccos (trigonometry) | 0.796507 |
96,576 | Data Stream Mining (also known as stream learning) is the process of extracting knowledge structures from continuous, rapid data records. A data stream is an ordered sequence of instances that in many applications of data stream mining can be read only once or a small number of times using limited computing and storage... | Data stream mining | 0.796507 |
96,577 | In a right triangle with sides a, b and hypotenuse c, trigonometry determines the sine and cosine of the angle θ between side a and the hypotenuse as: sin θ = b c , cos θ = a c . {\displaystyle \sin \theta ={\frac {b}{c}},\quad \cos \theta ={\frac {a}{c}}.} From that it follows: cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ = a 2 + b 2 c 2 = ... | Theorem of Pythagoras | 0.796507 |
96,578 | 1931 – Georges de Rham develops theorems in cohomology and characteristic classes. 1933 – Karol Borsuk and Stanislaw Ulam present the Borsuk–Ulam antipodal-point theorem. 1933 – Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov publishes his book Basic notions of the calculus of probability (Grundbegriffe der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung),... | Timeline of mathematics | 0.796507 |
96,579 | Other possible solutions to lengthen durability of the membrane include modification of the membrane material repellent to water and oil, air-backwashing and membrane surface geometry modification. These solutions are costly and require further research and development to optimise the durability and efficiency of membr... | Wetting solution | 0.796506 |
96,580 | Henry Cavendish (British, 1731–1810) – made first estimate of the mass of the Earth Anny Cazenave (French, 1944– ) – geodesy and satellite altimetry; awarded William Bowie Medal Vlastislav Cervený (Czech) – exploration geophysicist; seismic ray theory; Maurice Ewing Medal (SEG) Sydney Chapman (British, 1888–1970) – pre... | List of geophysicists | 0.796506 |
96,581 | Then by Schur decomposition it is unitary similar to an upper-triangular matrix, say, B. If A is normal, so is B. But then B must be diagonal, for, as noted above, a normal upper-triangular matrix is diagonal. The spectral theorem permits the classification of normal matrices in terms of their spectra, for example: In ... | Normal matrix | 0.796505 |
96,582 | Simulation models suggest that brown carbon contributes about 19% of the total atmospheric absorption by aerosols, while 72% is attributed to black carbon and 9% is due to the coating effect of sulfate and organic aerosols on black carbon. It seems that brown carbon can play an important role in photochemistry and the ... | Brown carbon | 0.796505 |
96,583 | The Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement is a rearrangement reaction in organic chemistry in which a primary or secondary organic peroxide is converted to the corresponding ketone and alcohol under acid or base catalysis. The reaction is relevant as a tool in organic synthesis and is a key step in the biosynthesis of prosta... | Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement | 0.796505 |
96,584 | Sebastian Doniach received a B.A. from Christ's College, Cambridge in 1954 and a Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool with Herbert Fröhlich in 1958. His contributions to the field of condensed matter physics include the Lawrence-Doniach model of superconductivity and his book on Green's functions in solid state physi... | Sebastian Doniach | 0.796505 |
96,585 | Astronomy, perhaps the oldest science in history, has played an important role in most, if not all, cultures over the ages. The International Year of Astronomy 2009 (IYA2009) was intended to be a global celebration of astronomy and its contributions to society and culture, stimulating worldwide interest not only in ast... | International Year of Astronomy | 0.796505 |
96,586 | HEALS was developed in the early 1990s for experimenting with plant growth in space. Through a partnership between Quantum Devices and the NASA-sponsored Wisconsin Center for Space Automation and Robotics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the Astroculture 3 plant growth chamber was developed using HEALS technolog... | High Emissivity Aluminiferous Luminescent Substrate | 0.796504 |
96,587 | Chemical metallurgy is the science of obtaining metals from their concentrates, semi products, recycled bodies and solutions, and of considering reactions of metals with an approach of disciplines belonging to chemistry. As such, it involves reactivity of metals and it is especially concerned with the reduction and oxi... | Chemical metallurgy | 0.796504 |
96,588 | "The Times Higher Education review said, "The first edition of this textbook was notable for providing a clear and logical overview of particle physics that was at the right level for advanced undergraduates... The contents of this revised edition are largely similar to those contained in the first edition and changes ... | Introduction to Elementary Particles (book) | 0.796504 |
96,589 | A solar tower, in the context of astronomy, is a structure used to support equipment for studying the Sun, and is typically part of solar telescope designs. Generically, the term solar tower has many more uses especially for a type of power production using Earth's Sun. Solar tower observatories are also called vacuum ... | Solar tower (astronomy) | 0.796504 |
96,590 | Applying the physics of high pressure jets exiting circular apertures, a doubling of velocity and gas concentration at a fixed point in the whistle mouth would require a quadrupling of either aperture area or absolute pressure. (A quartering of absolute pressure would be compensated by a quadrupling of aperture area—th... | Steam whistle | 0.796504 |
96,591 | In organic chemistry, a lactol is the cyclic equivalent of a hemiacetal or a hemiketal. The compound is formed by the intramolecular nucleophilic addition of a hydroxyl group to the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or a ketone.A lactol is often found as an equilibrium mixture with the corresponding hydroxyaldehyde. The eq... | Lactol | 0.796504 |
96,592 | It has been argued that the award failed to give appropriate credit to Rosalind Franklin for her X-ray crystallography on the DNA molecule, whose evidence is acknowledged to have been critical to the discovery. It is acknowledged in this case that the Nobel Prize may not be shared among more than three persons, and is ... | Demarcation dispute | 0.796504 |
96,593 | For this, Shaukat Hameed Khan was conferred with a civil award by the president. Initially, the KRL scientists suffered many setbacks and were unable to develop the machine. While visiting at the Physics Hall of Qau, Alam met with Tasnim Shah, a professor of mathematics at Qau. | Project-706 | 0.796504 |
96,594 | Thiometallates include tetrathiovanadate (VS3−4), tetrathiomolybdate (MoS2−4), tetrathiotungstate (WS2−4) and similar ions.Cyanometallates include ferricyanide and ferrocyanide. Metallate is also used as a verb by bioinorganic chemistry to describe the act of adding metal atoms or ions to a site (synthetic ligand or pr... | Metallate | 0.796503 |
96,595 | Spec 2.0 maintains all the features of Spec 1.0, but also adds HDBaseT networking, switching, and control-point capabilities such as flexible and fully utilized mesh topology, distributed routing, and end-to-end error handling, enabling multipoint-to-multipoint connectivity and multi-streaming. Spec 2.0 also embeds USB... | HDBaseT | 0.796503 |
96,596 | In the mathematical subject of group theory, the Grushko theorem or the Grushko–Neumann theorem is a theorem stating that the rank (that is, the smallest cardinality of a generating set) of a free product of two groups is equal to the sum of the ranks of the two free factors. The theorem was first obtained in a 1940 ar... | Grushko's theorem | 0.796503 |
96,597 | Global derating considers system-wide stops, slow-downs and set ups as well as machine factors. To calculate the amount of global or system derating, one should take the average of the number of total components placed per hour in a long period (i.e. an entire product shift). Regularly scheduled stops should be include... | Component placement | 0.796503 |
96,598 | The Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) is a geographical standard used by Albania in order to divide its territory into regions at three different levels of specified classes of its population codified by the Albanian Institute of Statistics (INSTAT). Albania is a recognised candidate country for m... | NUTS statistical regions of Albania | 0.796503 |
96,599 | By using statistical techniques to optimise the trial of different possibilities in the code breaking process, Turing made an innovative contribution to the subject. He wrote two papers discussing mathematical approaches, titled The Applications of Probability to Cryptography and Paper on Statistics of Repetitions, whi... | Alan Turing | 0.796503 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.