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96,600 | In the 1944 book What is Life?, Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger, who in 1933 had won the Nobel Prize in Physics, theorized that life – contrary to the general tendency dictated by the second law of thermodynamics, which states that the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase – decreases or keeps constant i... | Entropy and life | 0.796503 |
96,601 | Light pollution, the introduction of artificial light into formerly dark ecosystems, has numerous adverse ecological effects. Exposure to artificial light can prove fatal for some organisms (e.g. moths that fly into a burning flame), can interrupt a life cycle phase for others (e.g. glowworms are unable to attract mate... | Globe at Night | 0.796503 |
96,602 | In geometry, the great truncated cuboctahedron (or quasitruncated cuboctahedron or stellatruncated cuboctahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U20. It has 26 faces (12 squares, 8 hexagons and 6 octagrams), 72 edges, and 48 vertices. It is represented by the Schläfli symbol tr{4/3,3}, and Coxeter-Dynkin... | Great truncated cuboctahedron | 0.796503 |
96,603 | Arc lengthArc length is the distance between two points along a section of a curve. Determining the length of an irregular arc segment is also called rectification of a curve. The advent of infinitesimal calculus led to a general formula that provides closed-form solutions in some cases. | Glossary of engineering: A–L | 0.796502 |
96,604 | Bill, Newman attended the University of Alabama, enrolling in economics and accounting courses. He left college after acquiring interest in inventing and not long after, was awarded patents for the first plastic barbells. After selling his barbell business, he was able to buy science books and began to study energy, el... | Joseph Westley Newman | 0.796502 |
96,605 | These devices are traditionally used for special applications like e.g. investigations in materials science, geoscience, optics research, or quality determination of ceramics. New SEM CL systems can be used for research in nanophotonics. The most prominent advantage is their higher magnifications. | Cathodoluminescence microscope | 0.796502 |
96,606 | Since a finite-dimensional algebra over a field is Artinian, the Wedderburn–Artin theorem implies that every finite-dimensional simple algebra over a field is isomorphic to an n-by-n matrix ring over some finite-dimensional division algebra D over k {\displaystyle k} , where both n and D are uniquely determined. This w... | Semisimple Artinian | 0.796502 |
96,607 | JoAnne Stubbe (2008)For landmark work on the mechanisms and regulation of ribonucleotide reductases, a compelling demonstration of the power of chemical investigations to solve problems in biology. Robert G. Bergman (2007)For numerous innovative contributions at the interfaces of physical, organic, and inorganic chemis... | NAS Award in Chemical Sciences | 0.796501 |
96,608 | In a way, biological globalization allowed for the economic growth of many countries on the global scale, like America and Ukraine, where wheat became a huge export. Innovations in breeding have allowed wheat to spread from milder coastal areas to harsh interior regions such as the sweeping plains of the Midwestern US,... | Biological globalization | 0.796501 |
96,609 | Hugh Everett III (; November 11, 1930 – July 19, 1982) was an American physicist who first proposed the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum physics, which he termed his "relative state" formulation. In contrast to the then-dominant Copenhagen interpretation, the MWI posits that the wave function never collapses... | Hugh Everett III | 0.796501 |
96,610 | If A | B is in addition to being depth two a Frobenius algebra extension, the right and left endomorphism rings are anti-isomorphic, which restricts to an antipode on the bialgebroid End B A B {\displaystyle {\mbox{End}}\,{}_{B}A_{B}} satisfying axioms of a Hopf algebroid. There is the following relation with relative ... | Depth two subring | 0.796501 |
96,611 | Theorems (and derived rules of inference) are written with $p statements; for example: $( Prove a theorem $) th1 $p |- t = t $= $( Here is its proof: $) tt tze tpl tt weq tt tt weq tt a2 tt tze tpl tt weq tt tze tpl tt weq tt tt weq wim tt a2 tt tze tpl tt tt a1 mp mp $. Note the inclusion of the proof in the $p statem... | Metamath | 0.796501 |
96,612 | Mathewson graduated from MIT in 2002, earning a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Science. He later earned a Master of Engineering in Computer Science and Linguistics from MIT. | Nick Mathewson | 0.796501 |
96,613 | The enduring contributions of Zervas were made together with Bergmann and involved the first successful synthesis of substantial length oligopeptides. They achieved this using the carboxybenzyl amine protecting group for the masking of the N-terminus of the growing oligopeptide chain to which amino acid residues are ad... | Leonidas Zervas | 0.7965 |
96,614 | More detailed computation simulations can be carried out accounting for not cellular models, but taking into consideration the functional syncytium and enabling the cells to mutually interact, the so called electrotonic coupling.In case of tissue simulation or in wider cases, such as in whole organ simulations, all the... | Pharmacological cardiotoxicity | 0.7965 |
96,615 | Although they made virtually no contributions to theoretical mathematics, the ancient Romans used applied mathematics in surveying, structural engineering, mechanical engineering, bookkeeping, creation of lunar and solar calendars, and even arts and crafts. Chinese mathematics made early contributions, including a plac... | Roman mathematics | 0.7965 |
96,616 | The random harmonic series is where the values s n {\displaystyle s_{n}} are independent and identically distributed random variables that take the two values + 1 {\displaystyle +1} and − 1 {\displaystyle -1} with equal probability 1 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}} . It converges with probability 1, as can be seen by... | Harmonic series (mathematics) | 0.796499 |
96,617 | He was also a strong chess player, earning a half-blue while at Cambridge and composing numerous chess problems for the British Chess Magazine between 1926 and 1970. He received a PhD in mathematics at Cambridge in 1935, writing a dissertation in algebraic geometry. For a time in the 1930s he lived near Laura Riding an... | Jacob Bronowski | 0.796499 |
96,618 | "Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric thin films and ceramics". Reports on Progress in Physics. 61 (9): 1267–1324. | Dragan Damjanovic | 0.796499 |
96,619 | In organic chemistry, thioesters are organosulfur compounds with the molecular structure R−C(=O)−S−R’. They are analogous to carboxylate esters (R−C(=O)−O−R’) with the sulfur in the thioester replacing oxygen in the carboxylate ester, as implied by the thio- prefix. They are the product of esterification of a carboxyli... | Thioester | 0.796499 |
96,620 | The developed tractor technology has been named as Swaraj by Indira Gandhi (the then Prime Minister of India). Recently, the institute developed the Soleckshaw electric rickshaw under the CSIR-800 community project program, with the aim of reducing the carbon footprint of the city and simultaneously mitigating the drud... | Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute | 0.796499 |
96,621 | Thomsen parameters are dimensionless combinations of elastic moduli that characterize transversely isotropic materials, which are encountered, for example, in geophysics. In terms of the components of the elastic stiffness matrix, these parameters are defined as: ϵ = C 11 − C 33 2 C 33 δ = ( C 13 + C 44 ) 2 − ( C 33 − ... | Transverse isotropy | 0.796498 |
96,622 | In May 2020 the SfS project won the European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage of the Europa Nostra in the category research.A first version (190416) for Windows was released in preparation for presentations about new functions shown at the international CAA 2019.The command line interface of GigaMesh is well suited to... | GigaMesh Software Framework | 0.796498 |
96,623 | The otherwise acidic pentoxide Sb2O5 shows some basic (metallic) behaviour in that it can be dissolved in very acidic solutions, with the formation of the oxycation SbO+2. The oxide Sb2O3 is polymeric, amphoteric, and a glass former. Antimony has an extensive organometallic chemistry (see Organoantimony chemistry). | Metalloid | 0.796498 |
96,624 | Self-assembly based manufacturing refers to a controlled process of using self-assembly and programmable matter to manufacture a product on an industrial scale. In traditional manufacturing and fabrication, there are physical and precision limitations on a workpiece; namely, lower minimal dimension of a workpiece has b... | Self-assembly based manufacturing | 0.796498 |
96,625 | For example, think of A as Authors, and B as Books. An Author can write several Books, and a Book can be written by several Authors. In a relational database management system, such relationships are usually implemented by means of an associative table (also known as join table, junction table or cross-reference table)... | Many-to-many (data model) | 0.796497 |
96,626 | Nickel boride is the common name of materials composed chiefly of the elements nickel and boron that are widely used as catalysts in organic chemistry. Their approximate chemical composition is Ni2.5B, and they are often incorrectly denoted "Ni2B" in organic chemistry publications. Nickel boride catalysts are typically... | Nickel boride | 0.796497 |
96,627 | The parallel f~ph spellings continued in Britain until the 19th century, when the word was standardized as sulphur. On the other hand, sulfur was the form chosen in the United States, whereas Canada uses both. The IUPAC adopted the spelling sulfur in 1990 or 1971, depending on the source cited, as did the Nomenclature ... | Native sulfur | 0.796497 |
96,628 | Computer graphics is a sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content. Although the term often refers to the study of three-dimensional computer graphics, it also encompasses two-dimensional graphics and image processing. | Graphics processing | 0.796497 |
96,629 | In 1875, Waddell obtained his first degree, in civil engineering, from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. In 1882 he married Ava Everett of Council Bluffs, Iowa, the daughter of prominent lawyer Horace Everett. In 1904 he earned a Doctorate of Science (D.Sc) from McGill University. | John Alexander Low Waddell | 0.796497 |
96,630 | The Mathematics of Life is a 2011 popular science book by mathematician Ian Stewart, on the increasing role of mathematics in biology. | The Mathematics of Life | 0.796497 |
96,631 | Roth's ray casting system generated the images of solid objects on the right. Box enclosures, dynamic bounding, and coherence were used for optimization. For each picture, the screen was sampled with a density of about 100x100 (e.g., 10,000) rays and new edges were located via binary searches. | Ray casting | 0.796497 |
96,632 | Bell studied Natural Sciences at Girton College, Cambridge between 1932 and 1935, concentrating on chemistry, physics and mineralogy. Whilst a student at Girton College, Cambridge, she was taught how to use x-ray crystallography to study biological molecules by John Desmond Bernal. She moved to the University of Manche... | Florence Bell (scientist) | 0.796496 |
96,633 | She then did her postdoctoral work at University of California, Berkeley with Kenneth Sauer and Stanford Medical Center with Leonard Herzenberg where she shifted fields from biophysics into immunology. Initially, she returned to Harvard as a Professor in the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology. During that tim... | Vicki Sato | 0.796496 |
96,634 | This suggests their potential for exciting, novel applications. One theorized application would be to use topologically ordered states as media for quantum computing in a technique known as topological quantum computing. A topologically ordered state is a state with complicated non-local quantum entanglement. | Topological phase | 0.796496 |
96,635 | A simple example of a space that is not semi-locally simply connected is the Hawaiian earring: the union of the circles in the Euclidean plane with centers (1/n, 0) and radii 1/n, for n a natural number. Give this space the subspace topology. Then all neighborhoods of the origin contain circles that are not nullhomotop... | Semi-locally simply connected | 0.796495 |
96,636 | Affinity capture is a technique in molecular biology used to isolate desired compounds based on their chemical properties and a solid substrate. Commonly, plates out of solid materials such as glass are coated with various reagents to allow for covalent bonding of a capturing molecule such as an antibody. Afterwards, a... | Affinity capture | 0.796495 |
96,637 | Moreover, the projective variety X is an algebraic variety, meaning that it is covered by open affine subvarieties and satisfies the separation axiom. Thus, the local study of X (e.g., singularity) reduces to that of an affine variety. The explicit structure is as follows. | Projective scheme | 0.796495 |
96,638 | In Terry Pratchett's Discworld, the titular flat planet is balanced on the backs of four elephants which in turn stand on the back of a giant turtle, while a small star orbits the assembly. The question of what the turtle stands on is acknowledged and dismissed: the turtle doesn't stand on anything; it swims through sp... | Turtles all the way down | 0.796495 |
96,639 | The Mach–Zehnder interferometer is a device used to determine the relative phase shift variations between two collimated beams derived by splitting light from a single source. The interferometer has been used, among other things, to measure phase shifts between the two beams caused by a sample or a change in length of ... | Mach–Zehnder interferometer | 0.796495 |
96,640 | In projective geometry, Qvist's theorem, named after the Finnish mathematician Bertil Qvist, is a statement on ovals in finite projective planes. Standard examples of ovals are non-degenerate (projective) conic sections. The theorem gives an answer to the question How many tangents to an oval can pass through a point i... | Qvist's theorem | 0.796495 |
96,641 | Benfey's interests in organic chemistry and geometry led him to apply to study chemistry at university, and he was accepted at University College London. During World War II, the chemistry department was relocated to Aberystwyth, Wales. Beginning in 1942, Benfey lived there in a cooperative student hostel. | Otto Theodor Benfey | 0.796494 |
96,642 | Einstein named the cosmological constant as a universal constant, introducing it to define the static cosmological model.From this theorem the cosmological constant Λ {\displaystyle \Lambda } emerges as additional constant of gravity along with the Newton’s gravitational constant G {\displaystyle G} . Then, the cosmolo... | Gurzadyan theorem | 0.796494 |
96,643 | Why Is It So? is an educational science series produced in Australia by ABC Television from 1963 to 1986. The series was hosted by American scientist Julius Sumner Miller, who demonstrated experiments in the world of physics. The series was also screened in the United States, Canada, New Zealand and in Europe.This prog... | Why Is It So? | 0.796494 |
96,644 | Polyketides can be produced in bacteria, fungi, plants, and certain marine organisms. Earlier discovery of naturally occurring polyketides involved the isolation of the compounds being produced by the specific organism using organic chemistry purification methods based on bioactivity screens. Later technology allowed f... | Polyketide | 0.796494 |
96,645 | In astrophysics or heliophysics, ejecta refers to material expelled in a stellar explosion as in a supernova or in a coronal mass ejection (CME). | Ejecta | 0.796494 |
96,646 | In mathematical order theory, an ideal is a special subset of a partially ordered set (poset). Although this term historically was derived from the notion of a ring ideal of abstract algebra, it has subsequently been generalized to a different notion. Ideals are of great importance for many constructions in order and l... | Prime filter | 0.796493 |
96,647 | While studying at the University of Utah, electrical engineering student Nolan Bushnell had a part-time job at an amusement arcade, where he became familiar with arcade electro-mechanical games such as Chicago Coin's racing game Speedway (1969), watching customers play and helping to maintain the machinery, while learn... | Computer Space | 0.796493 |
96,648 | While macroscopic systems indeed have a larger total energy content than any of their constituent quantum particles, there can be no experiment or other observation of this total energy without extracting the respective amount of energy from each of the quantum particles – which is exactly the domain of high energy phy... | Macroscopic scale | 0.796493 |
96,649 | As the nanotechnology industry has grown, nanoparticles have brought UFPs more public and regulatory attention. UFP risk assessment research is still in the very early stages. There are continuing debates about whether to regulate UFPs and how to research and manage the health risks they may pose. As of March 19, 2008,... | Ultrafine particle | 0.796493 |
96,650 | The name boson was coined by Paul Dirac to commemorate the contribution of Indian physicist and professor of physics at University of Calcutta and at University of Dhaka, Satyendra Nath Bose in developing, with Albert Einstein, Bose–Einstein statistics—which theorizes the characteristics of elementary particles. Boyle'... | Glossary of engineering: A–L | 0.796492 |
96,651 | For its predecessor I-SPY 1, 10 cancer centers and the National Cancer Institute (NCI SPORE program and the NCI Cooperative groups) collaborated to identify response indicators that would best predict survival for women with high-risk breast cancer. During 2002–2006, the study monitored 237 patients undergoing neoadjuv... | Adaptive clinical trial | 0.796492 |
96,652 | Kepler-90, also designated 2MASS J18574403+4918185, is an F-type star located about 2,790 light-years (855 pc) from Earth in the constellation of Draco. It is notable for possessing a planetary system that has the same number of observed planets as the Solar System. On 14 December 2017, NASA and Google announced the di... | Kepler-90 | 0.796492 |
96,653 | Cantor introduced what we call today the Cantor ternary set C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} as an example "of a perfect point-set, which is not everywhere-dense in any interval, however small." Cantor described C {\displaystyle {\mathcal {C}}} in terms of ternary expansions, as "the set of all real numbers given by th... | Cantor ternary set | 0.796492 |
96,654 | Lander was born in Brooklyn, New York City, to Jewish parents, the son of Rhoda G. Lander, a social studies teacher, and Harold Lander, an attorney. He was captain of the math team at Stuyvesant High School, graduating in 1974 as valedictorian and an International Mathematical Olympiad Silver Medalist for the U.S. At a... | Eric Lander | 0.796492 |
96,655 | Fiducial inference is one of a number of different types of statistical inference. These are rules, intended for general application, by which conclusions can be drawn from samples of data. In modern statistical practice, attempts to work with fiducial inference have fallen out of fashion in favour of frequentist infer... | Fiducial probability | 0.796492 |
96,656 | ; Wiegerinck, W.A.J.J. (1987). "Central extensions and physics". | Lie algebra extension | 0.796492 |
96,657 | Manolis Kellis (Greek: Μανώλης Καμβυσέλλης; born 1977) is a professor of Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the area of Computational Biology and a member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. He is the head of the Computational Biology Group at MIT and is a Principal Investigat... | Manolis Kellis | 0.796491 |
96,658 | The SN2 reaction is a type of reaction mechanism that is common in organic chemistry. In this mechanism, one bond is broken and one bond is formed in a concerted way, i.e., in one step. The name SN2 refers to the Hughes-Ingold symbol of the mechanism: "SN" indicates that the reaction is a nucleophilic substitution, and... | SN2 reaction | 0.796491 |
96,659 | {\displaystyle p\lambda =Pd\,.} It is evident that p provides information for a particle viewpoint, while λ provides information for a wave viewpoint. Before the discovery of quantum mechanics, de Broglie in 1923 discovered how to inter-translate the particle viewpoint information and the wave viewpoint information for... | Duane's hypothesis | 0.796491 |
96,660 | In electrical engineering, modified nodal analysis or MNA is an extension of nodal analysis which not only determines the circuit's node voltages (as in classical nodal analysis), but also some branch currents. Modified nodal analysis was developed as a formalism to mitigate the difficulty of representing voltage-defin... | Modified nodal analysis | 0.796491 |
96,661 | History of photochemistry – history of the study of chemical reactions that proceed with the absorption of light by atoms or molecules.. History of physical chemistry – history of the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical laws and concepts. History o... | Outline of chemistry | 0.796491 |
96,662 | In some cases, the Schrödinger equation can be solved analytically on a one-dimensional lattice of finite length using the theory of periodic differential equations. The length of the lattice is assumed to be L = N a {\displaystyle L=Na} , where a {\displaystyle a} is the potential period and the number of periods N {\... | Periodic potential | 0.79649 |
96,663 | In geometry, an apeirogonal antiprism or infinite antiprism is the arithmetic limit of the family of antiprisms; it can be considered an infinite polyhedron or a tiling of the plane. If the sides are equilateral triangles, it is a uniform tiling. In general, it can have two sets of alternating congruent isosceles trian... | Apeirogonal deltohedron | 0.79649 |
96,664 | Despite the lack of rigor, immense progress was made in the 17th and 18th centuries. In the 19th century, Cauchy and others gradually developed the Epsilon, delta approach to continuity, limits and derivatives, giving a solid conceptual foundation for calculus. In the 20th century, several new concepts in, e.g., multiv... | Differential (infinitesimal) | 0.79649 |
96,665 | The Positron–Electron Tandem Ring Accelerator (PETRA) is one of the particle accelerators at the German national laboratory DESY in Hamburg, Germany. At the time of its construction, it was the biggest storage ring of its kind and still is DESY's second largest synchrotron after HERA. PETRA's original purpose was resea... | Positron–Electron Tandem Ring Accelerator | 0.79649 |
96,666 | The European super grid is a possible future super grid that would ultimately interconnect the various European countries and the regions around Europe's borders – including North Africa, Kazakhstan, and Turkey – with a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power grid.It is envisaged that a European super grid would: lowe... | European super grid | 0.79649 |
96,667 | Various specialized properties of molecular crystals and organic polymers with conjugated systems are of interest depending on applications, e.g. thermo-mechanical and electro-mechanical such as piezoelectricity, electrical conductivity (see conductive polymers and organic semiconductors), and electro-optical (e.g. non... | Organic chemist | 0.79649 |
96,668 | Let ∏ U M ∙ {\displaystyle {\textstyle \prod }_{\mathcal {U}}\,M_{\bullet }} or ∏ i ∈ I M i / U {\displaystyle {\textstyle \prod \limits _{i\in I}}M_{i}/{\mathcal {U}}} be the ultraproduct of the M i {\displaystyle M_{i}} with respect to U . {\displaystyle {\mathcal {U}}.} Then, for each a 1 , … , a n ∈ ∏ i ∈ I M i , {... | Ultraproduct monad | 0.796489 |
96,669 | It was the first of over 250 scientific publications of Otto Hahn in the field of radiochemistry. At the end of his time in London, Ramsay asked Hahn about his plans for the future, and Hahn told him about the job offer from Kalle & Co. Ramsay told him radiochemistry had a bright future, and that someone who had discov... | Otto Hahn | 0.796489 |
96,670 | Jürgen Jost (born 9 June 1956) is a German mathematician specializing in geometry. He has been a director of the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences in Leipzig since 1996. | Jürgen Jost | 0.796489 |
96,671 | In mathematics, and especially affine differential geometry, the affine focal set of a smooth submanifold M embedded in a smooth manifold N is the caustic generated by the affine normal lines. It can be realised as the bifurcation set of a certain family of functions. The bifurcation set is the set of parameter values ... | Affine focal set | 0.796488 |
96,672 | Define the virtual surplus of an allocation x {\displaystyle x} as: S ∗ ( x ) = ∑ i x i ⋅ w i ( v i ) − c ( x ) {\displaystyle S^{*}(x)=\sum _{i}x_{i}\cdot w_{i}(v_{i})-c(x)} Note that the virtual surplus is usually smaller than the actual surplus. A key theorem of Myerson says that:: 336 The expected profit of any tru... | Bayesian-optimal mechanism | 0.796488 |
96,673 | In number theory, a Fermi–Dirac prime is a prime power whose exponent is a power of two. These numbers are named from an analogy to Fermi–Dirac statistics in physics based on the fact that each integer has a unique representation as a product of Fermi–Dirac primes without repetition. Each element of the sequence of Fer... | Fermi–Dirac prime | 0.796488 |
96,674 | TimeLogic was founded in 1981 by James W. (Jim) Lindelien and developed one of the first commercial hardware-accelerated tools for bioinformatics, an FPGA-accelerated version of the Smith-Waterman algorithm. TimeLogic's DeCypher systems have expanded to provide accelerated implementations of the ubiquitous bioinformati... | TimeLogic | 0.796488 |
96,675 | In organic chemistry, the hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (HDDA) reaction is an organic chemical reaction between a diyne (2 alkyne functional groups arranged in a conjugated system) and an alkyne to form a reactive benzyne species, via a cycloaddition reaction. This benzyne intermediate then reacts with a suitable trapping a... | Hexadehydro Diels-Alder reaction | 0.796487 |
96,676 | macroevolution – macromutation – The Major Transitions in Evolution – maladaptation – The Malay Archipelago – mass extinctions – mating systems – John Maynard Smith – Ernst Mayr – Gregor Mendel – memetics – Mendelian inheritance – Mesozoic–Cenozoic radiation – microevolution – micropaleontology (a.k.a. micropaleobiolog... | Index of evolutionary biology articles | 0.796487 |
96,677 | She has strong interests in plant-insect interactions, community ecology, and explaining why butterflies, of all insects, have complex and diverse wing patterns. Rodrigo Solis, DVM, PhD candidate, eButterfly Human Network and Data Coordinator. Rodrigo is a Resource and Environmental Management PhD Candidate at Simon Fr... | EButterfly | 0.796487 |
96,678 | NeuroLex is a lexicon of neuroscience concepts supported by the Neuroscience Information Framework project. It is structured as a semantic wiki, using Semantic MediaWiki. | NeuroLex | 0.796487 |
96,679 | Some logicians use the dagger as an affirmation ('it is true that ...') operator. The palochka is transliterated to a double dagger in the ISO 9 standard for converting Cyrillic to Latin In psychological statistics the dagger indicates that a difference between two figures is not significant to a p<0.05 level, however ... | Double dagger | 0.796487 |
96,680 | A balloon-borne telescope is a type of airborne telescope, a sub-orbital astronomical telescope that is suspended below one or more stratospheric balloons, allowing it to be lifted above the lower, dense part of the Earth's atmosphere. This has the advantage of improving the resolution limit of the telescope at a much ... | Balloon-borne telescope | 0.796487 |
96,681 | Rouché's theorem allows defining discs centered at zero and containing a given number of roots. More precisely, if there is a positive real number R and an integer 0 ≤ k ≤ n such that | a k | R k > | a 0 | + ⋯ + | a k − 1 | R k − 1 + | a k + 1 | R k + 1 + ⋯ + | a n | R n , {\displaystyle |a_{k}|R^{k}>|a_{0}|+\cdots +|a... | Geometrical properties of polynomial roots | 0.796487 |
96,682 | Classically, optics is based on a variational principle: light travels from one point in space to another in the shortest time. Fermat's principleIn geometric optics laws are based on approximations in Euclidean geometry (such as the paraxial approximation). Law of reflection Law of refraction, Snell's lawIn physical o... | Scientific law | 0.796486 |
96,683 | Thinking Machines Corporation was a supercomputer manufacturer and artificial intelligence (AI) company, founded in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1983 by Sheryl Handler and W. Daniel "Danny" Hillis to turn Hillis's doctoral work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on massively parallel computing architectur... | Thinking Machines Corporation | 0.796486 |
96,684 | The application of quantum mechanics to physical objects such as the electromagnetic field, which are extended in space and time, is known as quantum field theory. In particle physics, quantum field theories form the basis for our understanding of elementary particles, which are modeled as excitations in the fundamenta... | Maldacena conjecture | 0.796486 |
96,685 | Let q = (qx, qy, qz) and p = (px, py, pz) denote the position vector and momentum vector of a particle of an ideal gas, respectively. Let F denote the net force on that particle. Then the time-averaged kinetic energy of the particle is: ⟨ q ⋅ F ⟩ = ⟨ q x d p x d t ⟩ + ⟨ q y d p y d t ⟩ + ⟨ q z d p z d t ⟩ = − ⟨ q x ∂ H... | Ideal gas equation | 0.796486 |
96,686 | Porta was born in Paraná, Entre Ríos, and studied civil engineering, concluding his studies in 1946, at a time when steam was already giving way to diesel and electric locomotives in Europe and North America. | Livio Dante Porta | 0.796485 |
96,687 | General risks are the same as with any transfusion. Other possible complications include: Blood clots Changes in blood chemistry (high or low potassium, low calcium, low glucose, change in acid-base balance in the blood) Heart and lung problems Infection (greatly decreased risk due to careful screening of blood) Shock ... | Exchange transfusion | 0.796485 |
96,688 | In mathematics, a Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} is nilpotent if its lower central series terminates in the zero subalgebra. The lower central series is the sequence of subalgebras g ≥ ≥ ] ≥ ] ] ≥ . . | Nilpotent Lie algebra | 0.796485 |
96,689 | Neural binding is the neuroscientific aspect of what is commonly known as the binding problem: the interdisciplinary difficulty of creating a comprehensive and verifiable model for the unity of consciousness. "Binding" refers to the integration of highly diverse neural information in the forming of one's cohesive exper... | Neural binding | 0.796485 |
96,690 | In cryptography, an all-or-nothing transform (AONT), also known as an all-or-nothing protocol, is an encryption mode which allows the data to be understood only if all of it is known. AONTs are not encryption, but frequently make use of symmetric ciphers and may be applied before encryption. In exact terms, "an AONT is... | All-or-nothing transform | 0.796485 |
96,691 | Zhang's doctoral research was in the area of bioinorganic chemistry, and she worked on the development of a platinum-based library of chemotherapeutic candidates featuring anthraquinone ligands and redox activity. This involved using a variety of imaging techniques (including those based on synchrotron radiation) to st... | Jenny Zhang (chemist) | 0.796485 |
96,692 | Non-axisymmetric shapes have been used for crewed entry vehicles. One example is the winged orbit vehicle that uses a delta wing for maneuvering during descent much like a conventional glider. This approach has been used by the American Space Shuttle and the Soviet Buran. The lifting body is another entry vehicle geome... | Phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator | 0.796485 |
96,693 | It was publicly announced in 1972. The original 1971 prototype took 160 parallel readings through 180 angles, each 1° apart, with each scan taking a little over 5 minutes. The images from these scans took 2.5 hours to be processed by algebraic reconstruction techniques on a large computer. | History of computed tomography | 0.796484 |
96,694 | Social costs are injury and health of the people producing and transporting the materials and potential health problems of the building occupants if there are problems with the building biology. Globalization has had significant impacts on people both in terms of jobs, skills, and self-sufficiency are lost when manufac... | Building material | 0.796484 |
96,695 | The Milthorpe Lecture is a series of public lectures on environmental science held at Macquarie University, Australia. It is endowed by the Milthorpe Fund in memory of F.L. Milthorpe, Chair of Biology at the University from 1967–1982. The first lecture was delivered by David Suzuki in 1989. | Milthorpe Lecture | 0.796483 |
96,696 | Π {\displaystyle \Pi } -surfaces can be used to approximate any given smooth and bounded object in R 3 {\displaystyle R^{3}} whose surface is defined by a single polynomial as a product of subsidiary polynomials. In other words, we can design any smooth object with a single algebraic surface. Let us denote the defining... | Implicit surface | 0.796483 |
96,697 | The collaboration includes scientists from: Delft University of Technology, Netherlands The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Japan Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Korea Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Canary Islands, Spain KEK, Japan Korea University, Korea Kyoto University, Japan National A... | GroundBIRD | 0.796483 |
96,698 | The mathematical formulation treats this complication with less ambiguity than the physics formulation. A typical equation is of the form d X t = μ ( X t , t ) d t + σ ( X t , t ) d B t , {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} X_{t}=\mu (X_{t},t)\,\mathrm {d} t+\sigma (X_{t},t)\,\mathrm {d} B_{t},} where B {\displaystyle B} denote... | Stochastic differential | 0.796483 |
96,699 | Note that the anticommutation relations for the Pauli matrices make the proof of the above defining property trivial. Those relations define the notion of a Clifford algebra. Solutions to the Dirac equation for spinor fields are often called harmonic spinors. | Dirac operator | 0.796483 |
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