id int32 0 100k | text stringlengths 21 3.54k | source stringlengths 1 124 | similarity float32 0.78 0.88 |
|---|---|---|---|
92,600 | This section will prove that the Laplacian of the indicator is a surface delta prime function. The surface delta function will be considered below. First, for a function f in the interval (a,b), recall the fundamental theorem of calculus ∫ a b ∂ f ( x ) ∂ x d x = lim x ↗ b f ( x ) − lim x ↘ a f ( x ) , {\displaystyle \... | Laplacian of the indicator | 0.780057 |
92,601 | The outward normal nx was originally only defined for x in the surface, but it can be defined to exist for all x; for example by taking the outward normal of the boundary point nearest to x. The foregoing analysis shows that −nx ⋅ ∇x1x∈D can be regarded as the surface generalisation of the one-dimensional Dirac delta f... | Laplacian of the indicator | 0.780057 |
92,602 | This section will prove that the (inward) normal derivative of the indicator is a surface delta function. For a finite domain D or when f vanishes at infinity, it follows by the divergence theorem that ∫ R d ∇ x 2 ( 1 x ∈ D f ( x ) ) d x = 0. {\displaystyle \int _{\mathbf {R} ^{d}}\nabla _{x}^{2}\left(\mathbf {1} _{x\i... | Laplacian of the indicator | 0.780057 |
92,603 | Naturally, point and surface interactions coincide for d=1. Both surface and point interactions have a long history in quantum mechanics, and there exists a sizeable literature on so-called surface delta potentials or delta-sphere interactions. | Laplacian of the indicator | 0.780057 |
92,604 | In one dimension and by taking D equal to the positive halfline, the usual one-dimensional δ'-function can be recovered. Both the normal derivative of the indicator and the Laplacian of the indicator are supported by surfaces rather than points. The generalisation is useful in e.g. quantum mechanics, as surface interac... | Laplacian of the indicator | 0.780057 |
92,605 | In quantum mechanics, point interactions are well known and there is a large body of literature on the subject. A well-known example of a one-dimensional singular potential is the Schrödinger equation with a Dirac delta potential. The one-dimensional Dirac delta prime potential, on the other hand, has caused controvers... | Laplacian of the indicator | 0.780057 |
92,606 | A projective space S can be defined abstractly as a set P (the set of points), together with a set L of subsets of P (the set of lines), satisfying these axioms: Each two distinct points p and q are in exactly one line. Veblen's axiom: If a, b, c, d are distinct points and the lines through ab and cd meet, then so do t... | Veblen–Young theorem | 0.780057 |
92,607 | In mathematics, the Veblen–Young theorem, proved by Oswald Veblen and John Wesley Young (1908, 1910, 1917), states that a projective space of dimension at least 3 can be constructed as the projective space associated to a vector space over a division ring. Non-Desarguesian planes give examples of 2-dimensional projecti... | Veblen–Young theorem | 0.780057 |
92,608 | These regions in which the inflaton fluctuates upwards expand much faster than regions in which the inflaton has a lower potential energy, and tend to dominate in terms of physical volume. It has been shown that any inflationary theory with an unbounded potential is eternal. There are well-known theorems that this stea... | Inflationary universe | 0.780056 |
92,609 | The detailed particle physics mechanism responsible for inflation is unknown. The basic inflationary paradigm is accepted by most physicists, as a number of inflation model predictions have been confirmed by observation; however, a substantial minority of scientists dissent from this position. The hypothetical field th... | Inflationary universe | 0.780056 |
92,610 | The acceleration of this expansion due to dark energy began after the universe was already over 7.7 billion years old (5.4 billion years ago).Inflation theory was developed in the late 1970s and early 80s, with notable contributions by several theoretical physicists, including Alexei Starobinsky at Landau Institute for... | Inflationary universe | 0.780056 |
92,611 | Potassium hexachloroplatinate is the inorganic compound with the formula K2PtCl6. It is a yellow solid that is an example of a comparatively insoluble potassium salt. The salt features the hexachloroplatinate(IV) dianion, which has octahedral coordination geometry. The precipitation of this compound from solutions of h... | Potassium hexachloroplatinate | 0.780055 |
92,612 | Let A be a supercommutative algebra. Then all supermodules over A be regarded as superbimodules in a natural fashion. For supermodules E and F, let Hom(E, F) denote the space of all right A-linear maps (i.e. all module homomorphisms from E to F considered as ungraded right A-modules). | Supermodule | 0.780053 |
92,613 | These reason is that it is often necessary or useful to extend the field of scalars to include odd variables. In doing so one moves from fields to commutative superalgebras and from vector spaces to modules. In this article, all superalgebras are assumed be associative and unital unless stated otherwise. | Supermodule | 0.780053 |
92,614 | In mathematics, a supermodule is a Z2-graded module over a superring or superalgebra. Supermodules arise in super linear algebra which is a mathematical framework for studying the concept supersymmetry in theoretical physics. Supermodules over a commutative superalgebra can be viewed as generalizations of super vector ... | Supermodule | 0.780053 |
92,615 | In each case, except the case of 4 det A − ( tr A ) 2 = 0 {\displaystyle 4\det A-(\operatorname {tr} A)^{2}=0} , the values ( tr A , det A ) {\displaystyle (\operatorname {tr} A,\det A)} allows unique classification of the type of flow. For the special case of 4 det A − ( tr A ) 2 = 0 {\displaystyle 4\det A-(\ope... | Diverge (stability theory) | 0.78005 |
92,616 | There may also be directions for which the behavior of the perturbed orbit is more complicated (neither converging nor escaping completely), and then stability theory does not give sufficient information about the dynamics. One of the key ideas in stability theory is that the qualitative behavior of an orbit under pert... | Diverge (stability theory) | 0.78005 |
92,617 | Will it converge to the given orbit? In the former case, the orbit is called stable; in the latter case, it is called asymptotically stable and the given orbit is said to be attracting. An equilibrium solution f e {\displaystyle f_{e}} to an autonomous system of first order ordinary differential equations is called: st... | Diverge (stability theory) | 0.78005 |
92,618 | Many parts of the qualitative theory of differential equations and dynamical systems deal with asymptotic properties of solutions and the trajectories—what happens with the system after a long period of time. The simplest kind of behavior is exhibited by equilibrium points, or fixed points, and by periodic orbits. If a... | Diverge (stability theory) | 0.78005 |
92,619 | More generally, a smooth quadric (degree 2) hypersurface X of any dimension n is rational, by stereographic projection. (For X a quadric over a field k, X must be assumed to have a k-rational point; this is automatic if k is algebraically closed.) To define stereographic projection, let p be a point in X. Then a birati... | Birational mapping | 0.78005 |
92,620 | In mathematics, Stirling numbers arise in a variety of analytic and combinatorial problems. They are named after James Stirling, who introduced them in a purely algebraic setting in his book Methodus differentialis (1730). They were rediscovered and given a combinatorial meaning by Masanobu Saka in 1782.Two different s... | Karamata notation | 0.780049 |
92,621 | The Soft Systems Methodology was developed primarily by Peter Checkland, through 10 years of research with his colleagues, such as Brian Wilson. The method was derived from numerous earlier systems engineering processes, primarily from the fact traditional 'hard' systems thinking was not able to account for larger orga... | Soft systems methodology | 0.780048 |
92,622 | "Chemistry of the Elements", N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Pergamon Press, 1984. "Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemistry", Martin Grayson, Editor, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1985 | NaClO2 | 0.780046 |
92,623 | In this struggle, Tishtrya is depicted as a white horse.In Chinese astronomy Sirius is known as the star of the "celestial wolf" (Chinese and Japanese: 天狼 Chinese romanization: Tiānláng; Japanese romanization: Tenrō; Korean and romanization: 천랑 /Cheonrang) in the Mansion of Jǐng (井宿). Many nations among the indigenous ... | Sirius supercluster | 0.780045 |
92,624 | Inorganica Chimica Acta is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 1967 that covers original research and reviews of fundamental and applied aspects of inorganic chemistry. | Inorganica Chimica Acta | 0.780044 |
92,625 | Rubber Chemistry and Technology is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering fundamental research and technical developments relating to chemistry, materials science, and engineering of rubber, elastomers, and related materials. It was established in 1928, with Carroll C. Davis as its first editor-in-chief.... | Rubber Chemistry and Technology | 0.780042 |
92,626 | For example, if no team turned in an answer to a particular question in the first minute but another team answered correctly in the second minute, the team will be awarded the full 16 points even though they answered it in the second minute; a third minute-answering team would get twelve points; and the fourth minute-a... | Mu Alpha Theta | 0.78004 |
92,627 | The second reason being so problems can remain arithmetically simple, in other words so that a problem can utilize simple numbers and focus on the concepts without worrying that a calculator would give an advantage of some sort. Statistics is an exception because the field of statistics utilizes calculators and compute... | Mu Alpha Theta | 0.78004 |
92,628 | A perfect score under this system would be 150. Calculators are never allowed to be used in the competitions; the statistics division is the exception to this rule. This rule is in place for multiple reasons, the first being that modern calculators may include the ability to solve entire problems without any analyzatio... | Mu Alpha Theta | 0.78004 |
92,629 | The only exception to this is that students enrolled in either Algebra II or Geometry can take whichever of the two they want because not all schools offer these courses in the same sequence. Students competing in a higher level, such as Pre-Calculus cannot then go back and compete at the Algebra II level. This encoura... | Mu Alpha Theta | 0.78004 |
92,630 | Additionally, there are usually Open tests, which can be taken by students from any division, including Statistics, Number Theory, and History of Math. Most students start at the level of math that they are currently enrolled in or have last taken and progress to higher levels. A student can begin at another level, but... | Mu Alpha Theta | 0.78004 |
92,631 | Competition is divided into six levels or divisions, Calculus, Pre-calculus, Algebra II, Geometry, Algebra I, and Statistics. At state and national competitions, only three levels are used: Theta (Geometry and Algebra II), Alpha (Pre-Calculus), and Calculus. There is only a Mu division at the nationals level. | Mu Alpha Theta | 0.78004 |
92,632 | The European Molecular Biology network (EMBnet) is an international scientific network and interest group that aims to enhance bioinformatics services by bringing together bioinformatics expertises and capacities. On 2011 EMBnet has 37 nodes spread over 32 countries. The nodes include bioinformatics related university ... | EMBnet | 0.780037 |
92,633 | Starting from 1994 and up to 2009 EMBnet published EMBnet.news. Its primary goal was to bring information and report on the latest news and developments from the network to the user community. Established in 2010 as the successor of the EMBnet.news (with volume numbering continuing uninterrupted), EMBnet.journal is a p... | EMBnet | 0.780037 |
92,634 | They support the Public Education Foundation's Stellar Astronomy Scholarship for Girls by providing the winner with society membership and mentoring.The society is very active at promoting observational astronomy to the public, as well as for its own members at their Green Point Observatory, which is classified as a "d... | Sutherland Astronomical Society | 0.780037 |
92,635 | In 1966, the James Cook Astronomers Club (as SASI was then known) and the Canberra Astronomical Society met to discuss holding a convention for amateur astronomers across Australia. These discussions resulted in the first National Australian Convention of Amateur Astronomers (NACAA) being held over Easter 1967 at the A... | Sutherland Astronomical Society | 0.780037 |
92,636 | The ISSMGE organises conferences on subjects including deep foundations, earthquake engineering and underground construction. Its main events continue to be the quadrennial International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ICSMGE), plus five quadrennial regional conferences, Young Geotechnical En... | International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering | 0.780035 |
92,637 | In signal processing, transformation from the time domain to another domain, such as the frequency domain, is used to focus on the details of a waveform. Many of the waveform's details can be analyzed much easier in another domain than the original. Different methods exist to do transformation from time domain to frequ... | Blackman–Tukey transformation | 0.780035 |
92,638 | The 1940 collapse of the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge is sometimes characterized in physics textbooks as a classic example of resonance, although this description is misleading. The catastrophic vibrations that destroyed the bridge were not due to simple mechanical resonance, but to a more complicated oscillation bet... | Structural failures | 0.780033 |
92,639 | In introductory physics, momentum is usually defined as mass times velocity. However, there is a more fundamental way to define momentum, in terms of translation operators. This is more specifically called canonical momentum, and it is usually but not always equal to mass times velocity; one counterexample is a charged... | Translation operator (quantum mechanics) | 0.780032 |
92,640 | On the other hand, perhaps H ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {H}}} and T ^ ( x ) {\displaystyle {\hat {T}}(\mathbf {x} )} refer to just one particle. Then the translation operators T ^ ( x ) {\displaystyle {\hat {T}}(\mathbf {x} )} are exact symmetries only if the particle is alone in a vacuum. Correspondingly, the momentum of ... | Translation operator (quantum mechanics) | 0.780032 |
92,641 | First we consider the case where all the translation operators are symmetries of the system. As we will see, in this case conservation of momentum occurs. For example, if H ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {H}}} is the Hamiltonian describing all particles and fields in the universe, and T ^ ( x ) {\displaystyle {\hat {T}}(\mathb... | Translation operator (quantum mechanics) | 0.780032 |
92,642 | In quantum mechanics, the Hamiltonian represents the energy and dynamics of a system. Let | r T ⟩ ≡ T ^ | r ⟩ {\displaystyle |\mathbf {r} _{T}\rangle \equiv {\hat {T}}|\mathbf {r} \rangle } be a newly translated state (the argument of T ^ ( x ) {\displaystyle {\hat {T}}(\mathbf {x} )} is irrelevant here and is temporar... | Translation operator (quantum mechanics) | 0.780032 |
92,643 | Consider a single particle in one dimension. Unlike classical mechanics, in quantum mechanics a particle neither has a well-defined position nor a well-defined momentum. In the quantum formulation, the expectation values play the role of the classical variables. For example, if a particle is in a state | ψ ⟩ {\displays... | Translation operator (quantum mechanics) | 0.780032 |
92,644 | Translation operators are closely related to the momentum operator; for example, a translation operator that moves by an infinitesimal amount in the y {\displaystyle y} direction has a simple relationship to the y {\displaystyle y} -component of the momentum operator. Because of this relationship, conservation of momen... | Translation operator (quantum mechanics) | 0.780032 |
92,645 | In quantum mechanics, a translation operator is defined as an operator which shifts particles and fields by a certain amount in a certain direction. More specifically, for any displacement vector x {\displaystyle \mathbf {x} } , there is a corresponding translation operator T ^ ( x ) {\displaystyle {\hat {T}}(\mathbf {... | Translation operator (quantum mechanics) | 0.780032 |
92,646 | The U.S. has had a wide-reaching critical infrastructure protection program in place since 1996. Its Patriot Act of 2001 defined critical infrastructure as those "systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital to the United States that the incapacity or destruction of such systems and assets would have a deb... | Critical infrastructure | 0.780032 |
92,647 | Most commonly associated with the term are assets and facilities for: Shelter; Heating (e.g. natural gas, fuel oil, district heating); Agriculture, food production and distribution; Education, skills development and technology transfer / basic subsistence and unemployment rate statistics; Water supply (drinking water, ... | Critical infrastructure | 0.780032 |
92,648 | Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī, a prescriptive and generative grammar with algebraic rules governing every single aspect of the language, in an era when oral composition and transmission was the norm, is staunchly embedded in that oral tradition. In order to ensure wide dissemination, Pāṇini is said to have preferred brevity over... | Sanskrit grammar | 0.780031 |
92,649 | In July 2016, the UK's Defence Science and Technology Laboratory placed a £7.6 million contract with QinetiQ to evaluate the MUSS system for armoured vehicles, particularly the Challenger 2 main battle tank.In November 2021, Hensoldt announced the development of an improved version known as "MUSS 2.0". The development ... | MUSS (countermeasure) | 0.780031 |
92,650 | In physics, one conventionally writes the connection as d − i e A {\displaystyle d-ieA} for the electric charge e {\displaystyle e} and vector potential A {\displaystyle A} ; in Riemannian geometry, it is more convenient to drop the e {\displaystyle e} (and all other physical units) and take A = A μ d x μ {\displaystyl... | Landau-Ginzburg theory | 0.780029 |
92,651 | The Ginzburg–Landau functional can be formulated in the general setting of a complex vector bundle over a compact Riemannian manifold. This is the same functional as given above, transposed to the notation commonly used in Riemannian geometry. In multiple interesting cases, it can be shown to exhibit the same phenomena... | Landau-Ginzburg theory | 0.780029 |
92,652 | Depending on the geometry of the sample, one may obtain an intermediate state consisting of a baroque pattern of regions of normal material carrying a magnetic field mixed with regions of superconducting material containing no field. In Type II superconductors, raising the applied field past a critical value Hc1 leads ... | Landau-Ginzburg theory | 0.780029 |
92,653 | If they become more distinguishable (e.g. because they arrive at different times or with different wavelength), the probability of them each going to a different detector will increase. In this way, the interferometer coincidence signal can accurately measure bandwidth, path lengths, and timing. Since this effect relie... | Two-photon interference | 0.780029 |
92,654 | These photons subsequently produced the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect.Multimode Hong–Ou–Mandel interference was studied in 2003. The Hong–Ou–Mandel effect also underlies the basic entangling mechanism in linear optical quantum computing, and the two-photon quantum state | 2 , 0 ⟩ + | 0 , 2 ⟩ {\displaystyle |2,0\rangle +|0,2\ra... | Two-photon interference | 0.780029 |
92,655 | Their use of potassium hydride in the cation's corresponding crown ether became the default approach for most applications. Indeed, in some cases, anionic assistance is intentionally forgone to accommodate for the production of overly sensitive enolate product. For example, in the following reaction only tar was obtain... | Oxy-Cope rearrangement | 0.780028 |
92,656 | In organic chemistry, the oxy-Cope rearrangement is a chemical reaction. It involves reorganization of the skeleton of certain unsaturated alcohols. It is a variation of the Cope rearrangement in which 1,5-dien-3-ols are converted to unsaturated carbonyl compounds by a mechanism typical for such a -sigmatropic rearrang... | Oxy-Cope rearrangement | 0.780028 |
92,657 | Analytical solutions of the eigenenergies of a special case of the quantum mechanical three-body problem, namely the (three-dimensional) hydrogen molecule-ion. Here the right-hand side of (1) is replaced by a ratio of infinite order polynomials in x: where ri and si are distinct real constants and x is a function of th... | Lambert W-function | 0.780028 |
92,658 | The standard Lambert W function expresses exact solutions to transcendental algebraic equations (in x) of the form: where a0, c and r are real constants. The solution is Generalizations of the Lambert W function include: An application to general relativity and quantum mechanics (quantum gravity) in lower dimensions, i... | Lambert W-function | 0.780028 |
92,659 | The Taylor series of W0 around 0 can be found using the Lagrange inversion theorem and is given by W 0 ( x ) = ∑ n = 1 ∞ ( − n ) n − 1 n ! x n = x − x 2 + 3 2 x 3 − 8 3 x 4 + 125 24 x 5 − ⋯ . {\displaystyle W_{0}(x)=\sum _{n=1}^{\infty }{\frac {(-n)^{n-1}}{n! }}x^{n}=x-x^{2}+{\tfrac {3}{2}}x^{3}-{\tfrac {8}{3}}x^{4}+{\... | Lambert W-function | 0.780028 |
92,660 | The Lambert W relation cannot be expressed in terms of elementary functions. It is useful in combinatorics, for instance, in the enumeration of trees. It can be used to solve various equations involving exponentials (e.g. the maxima of the Planck, Bose–Einstein, and Fermi–Dirac distributions) and also occurs in the sol... | Lambert W-function | 0.780028 |
92,661 | The Lee–Yang theorem states that if the Hamiltonian is ferromagnetic and all the measures dμj have the Lee-Yang property, and all the numbers zj have positive real part, then the partition function is non-zero. Z ( { z j } ) ≠ 0 , ∀ z j ∈ H + {\displaystyle Z(\{z_{j}\})\neq 0,\,\forall z_{j}\in \mathbb {H} _{+}} In par... | Lee–Yang circle theorem | 0.780027 |
92,662 | In physics, a calculation is said to be from first principles, or ab initio, if it starts directly at the level of established laws of physics and does not make assumptions such as empirical model and fitting parameters. For example, calculation of electronic structure using Schrödinger's equation within a set of appro... | First principles | 0.780026 |
92,663 | Tetranitratoxycarbon, systematic name tetra(nitrato-O,O,O-methyl)methane (often shortened to tetrakis(nitratoxycarbon)methane), is a hypothetical molecule that was proposed by Clara Lazen, a fifth-grader in Kansas City, Missouri, who conceived of its structure and built a model in 2012. She is credited as co-author of ... | Tetranitratoxycarbon | 0.780026 |
92,664 | Tetranitratoxycarbon consists of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon, with molecular structure C(CO3N)4. Its oxygen-rich formula, in particular, a positive oxygen balance, means it does not require any external oxidizer to undergo complete oxidation, and may thus have explosive or other high-energy properties. However, it is ... | Tetranitratoxycarbon | 0.780026 |
92,665 | Science teacher Kenneth Boehr was using ball-and-stick models to represent simple molecules during a fifth-grade class, when ten-year-old Clara Lazen assembled a complex model and asked whether it was a real molecule. It is unclear if Lazen randomly or deliberately assembled this particular molecule.Unsure if the molec... | Tetranitratoxycarbon | 0.780026 |
92,666 | In three-dimensional topology, a branch of mathematics, the cyclic surgery theorem states that, for a compact, connected, orientable, irreducible three-manifold M whose boundary is a torus T, if M is not a Seifert-fibered space and r,s are slopes on T such that their Dehn fillings have cyclic fundamental group, then th... | Cyclic surgery theorem | 0.780024 |
92,667 | In 1999, Marvel brought the character back in the series X-51, The Machine Man in which Machine Man experiences a programming malfunction: he would uncontrollably attack any mutant he encountered. He was given a drastically more robotic look and his powers were vastly changed. The reason for both was that he had been r... | Machine Man | 0.780023 |
92,668 | Machine Man, whose real name is Z2P45-9-X-51, was the last of a series of sentient robots created at the Broadhurst Center for the Advancement of Mechanized Research in Central City, California, by robotics expert Dr. Abel Stack for the US Army. However, all previous 50 experimental robots went mad as they achieved sen... | Machine Man | 0.780023 |
92,669 | In the Point One event, as many other heroes, Machine Man was slightly revamped, gaining new powers and abilities. Now being a cross between the nano-technological being in the X-51 miniseries and the living Swiss Army knife of Nextwave, Machine Man is now suffused with nanites able to effortlessly change his appearanc... | Machine Man | 0.780023 |
92,670 | During the X-51 series, Machine Man had a few extra features thanks to nanotechnology within him at the time. This mainly included parts of himself being rebuilt if damaged, also causing many changes in his look from issue to issue. | Machine Man | 0.780023 |
92,671 | Microsoft 365 Copilot is an artificial intelligence assistant feature for Microsoft 365 applications and services. Announced by Microsoft on March 16, 2023, the tool builds on OpenAI’s advanced GPT-4 large language models (LLMs) and incorporates Microsoft Graph in order to convert user text input into content in Micros... | Microsoft 365 Copilot | 0.780022 |
92,672 | After performing a number of statistical analyses on the quasar data, and finding extreme changes in the Huge-LQG membership and shape with small changes in the cluster finding parameters, he determined the probability that apparent clusters the size of the Huge-LQG would appear in a random assortment of quasars, by ut... | Huge-LQG | 0.780022 |
92,673 | One of the drawbacks of the flowing afterglow technique is the possibility of generating multiple reactant ions. This problem is circumvented by implementing the selected ion flow tube (SIFT).The flowing afterglow technique can be used to identify and quantify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of a sample as long a... | Flowing afterglow mass spectrometry | 0.78002 |
92,674 | Because particles passed through locations with no magnetic field, their motions could be straight, with an infinite gyroradius. This straight motion caused the particle to make a more erratic path through the fields. The third class of particles was a transition between these types. Biconic cusps were recently revived... | Biconic cusp | 0.78002 |
92,675 | This negative damping is due to a positive feedback between the oscillation and the modulation of the external source of power. The amplitude and waveform of steady self-oscillations are determined by the nonlinear characteristics of the system. Self-oscillations are important in physics, engineering, biology, and econ... | Self-exciting oscillation | 0.780019 |
92,676 | For example, a reduction in population of an herbivore species because of predation, this makes the populations of predators of that species decline, the reduced level of predation allows the herbivore population to increase, this allows the predator population to increase, etc. Closed loops of time-lagged differential... | Self-exciting oscillation | 0.780019 |
92,677 | The concept of regression comes from genetics and was popularized by Sir Francis Galton during the late 19th century with the publication of Regression towards mediocrity in hereditary stature. Galton observed that extreme characteristics (e.g., height) in parents are not passed on completely to their offspring. Rather... | Regression towards the mean | 0.780018 |
92,678 | In statistics, regression toward the mean (also called reversion to the mean, and reversion to mediocrity) is the phenomenon where if one sample of a random variable is extreme, the next sampling of the same random variable is likely to be closer to its mean. Furthermore, when many random variables are sampled and the ... | Regression towards the mean | 0.780018 |
92,679 | There is great potential for 3D printing to revolutionise supply chains, hence more companies are using it. The main challenge that 3D printing faces is the change of people's mindset. Moreover, some workers will need to re-learn a set of new skills to manage 3D printing technology. | Smart manufacturing | 0.780018 |
92,680 | In the auto industry, 3D printing is used not only for prototyping but also for the full production of final parts and products. 3D printing has also been used by suppliers and digital manufacturers coming together to help fight COVID-19.3D printing allows to prototype more successfully, thus companies are saving time ... | Smart manufacturing | 0.780018 |
92,681 | As of 2019, 3D printing is mainly used in rapid prototyping, design iteration, and small-scale production. Improvements in speed, quality, and materials could make it useful in mass production and mass customization.However, 3D printing developed so much in recent years that it is no longer used just as technology for ... | Smart manufacturing | 0.780018 |
92,682 | These machines have the flexibility to be reconfigured and re-purposed. This gives them the ability to respond rapidly to design changes and innovation, which is a competitive advantage over more traditional manufacturing processes. An area of concern surrounding advanced robotics is the safety and well-being of the hu... | Smart manufacturing | 0.780018 |
92,683 | Advanced industrial robots, also known as smart machines, operate autonomously and can communicate directly with manufacturing systems. In some advanced manufacturing contexts, they can work with humans for co-assembly tasks. By evaluating sensory input and distinguishing between different product configurations, these... | Smart manufacturing | 0.780018 |
92,684 | Smart manufacturing is a broad category of manufacturing that employs computer-integrated manufacturing, high levels of adaptability and rapid design changes, digital information technology, and more flexible technical workforce training. Other goals sometimes include fast changes in production levels based on demand, ... | Smart manufacturing | 0.780018 |
92,685 | Smart manufacturing can also be attributed to surveying workplace inefficiencies and assisting in worker safety. Efficiency optimization is a huge focus for adopters of "smart" systems, which is done through data research and intelligent learning automation. For instance operators can be given personal access cards wit... | Smart manufacturing | 0.780018 |
92,686 | Some examples are: Advanced manufacturing processes and rapid prototyping will make possible for each customer to order one-of-a-kind product without significant cost increase. Collaborative Virtual Factory (VF) platforms will drastically reduce cost and time associated to new product design and engineering of the prod... | Smart manufacturing | 0.780018 |
92,687 | It has this property because 2 2 = 2 × 2 {\displaystyle 2^{2}=2\times 2} . It is also equal to 32 (see tetration). Sixteen is the base of the hexadecimal number system, which is used extensively in computer science. | 16 (number) | 0.780014 |
92,688 | The Common Workflow Language (CWL) is a standard for describing computational data-analysis workflows. Development of CWL is focused particularly on serving the data-intensive sciences, such as Bioinformatics, Medical Imaging, Astronomy, Physics, and Chemistry. A key goal of the CWL is to allow the creation of a workfl... | Common Workflow Language | 0.780013 |
92,689 | Her supervisor and her laboratory director understood the significance of her discovery and a new field of polymer chemistry quickly arose. By 1971, modern Kevlar was introduced. However, Kwolek was not very involved in developing the applications of Kevlar.In 1971, Lester Shubin, who was then the Director of Science a... | Kevlar | 0.780011 |
92,690 | In fact, the observation has been conducted for over 26 years with the SINFONI and NACO adaptive optics instruments in the VLT while the new approach in 2018 also used the beam-combiner instrument GRAVITY. The Galactic Centre team at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE) had use the observation re... | Mid-IR Interferometric instrument | 0.78001 |
92,691 | The journal concentrates on the belief that computer science approaches are critical, but are not enough to tackle cybersecurity threats. Moreover, the article maintains the belief that interdisciplinary academic contributions are needed to understand the different facets of cybersecurity. == References == | Journal of Cybersecurity | 0.780009 |
92,692 | The Journal of Cybersecurity is an open access peer reviewed academic journal of cybersecurity. It is published by Oxford University Press. It was first issued in 2015.Its editors in chief are Tyler Moore and David Pym.The journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). | Journal of Cybersecurity | 0.780009 |
92,693 | These were small, non-stabilised spacecraft, carrying very simple experiments designed to measure the radiation environment around the spacecraft. They represented the direct satellite descendants of the experience gained with the sounding rocket experiments. ESRO I's origin in the sounding rocket programme was particu... | European Space Research Organisation | 0.780009 |
92,694 | It then established two working groups.The first was the Interim Scientific and Technical Working Group and its task was to prepare the scientific programme for the future space organisation, paying particular attention to the technical and financial implications of its proposals. Lamek Hulthén, from the Royal Institut... | European Space Research Organisation | 0.780009 |
92,695 | The American Arcas (14), French Bélier (4) and Dragon (2), British Petrel (1) and German/Swiss Zenit (1) were also used. In total, the program oversaw the launch of 168 sounding rockets with an average success rate of 75%. During the course of the programme, the size and payload of the sounding rockets used by ESRO inc... | European Space Research Organisation | 0.780009 |
92,696 | In 1964 ESRANGE was established as an ESRO sounding rocket launching range located in Kiruna (Sweden). This location was chosen because it was important to carry out a sounding rocket programme in the auroral zone, and essential that ESRO equip itself with a suitable range in the northern latitudes. Access to Kiruna wa... | European Space Research Organisation | 0.780009 |
92,697 | ESLAR, a laboratory for advanced research was created in 1966 mainly to break the political deadlock over the location of ESLAB. Later renamed ESRIN, and acronym for European Space Research Institute, ESLAR was based in Frascati (Italy). The ESRO Convention describes ESRINs' role in the following manner: "...to underta... | European Space Research Organisation | 0.780009 |
92,698 | Named after the workhorse medium launch system used by ESRO at the time, the Thor–Delta, the TD programme initially foresaw the launch of 3 satellites: TD-1, TD-2 and TD-3. TD-1 was devoted to stellar astronomy, TD-2 was to be devoted to solar astronomy while TD-3 was to study the ionosphere. Later TD-2 and 3 were merg... | European Space Research Organisation | 0.780009 |
92,699 | Applied Chemistry (Both Provincial and Ministerial Level ) Mineral Survey and Exploration (Provincial Level ) Mechanical Design and Theory (Both Provincial and Ministerial Level ) Mechanical Manufacture and Automation (Provincial Level ) Geodetection and Information Technology (Provincial Level ) | Southwest Petroleum University | 0.780009 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.