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92,900 | If f ( x ) = 0 {\displaystyle f(x)=0} for all but a finite number of points x ∈ X , {\displaystyle x\in X,} then f {\displaystyle f} is said to have finite support. If the set X {\displaystyle X} has an additional structure (for example, a topology), then the support of f {\displaystyle f} is defined in an analogous wa... | Compactly supported | 0.77991 |
92,901 | It needs to be clear who has priority over stored water, so that when abstractions are constrained it is known who will get the water first. There can be problems when multiple entities have jurisdiction over a project, and this can cause regulatory and organizational challenges. There are some generally accepted rules... | Groundwater banking | 0.77991 |
92,902 | If H {\displaystyle H} is an irreducible representation of the algebra of observables then the rays induce pure states. Convex linear combinations of rays naturally give rise to density matrix which (still in case of an irreducible representation) correspond to mixed states. The same construction can be applied also to... | Ray (quantum theory) | 0.779909 |
92,903 | Rays that differ by such a λ {\displaystyle \lambda } correspond to the same state (cf. quantum state (algebraic definition), given a C*-algebra of observables and a representation on H {\displaystyle H} ). No measurement can recover the phase of a ray; it is not observable. One says that U ( 1 ) {\displaystyle U(1)} i... | Ray (quantum theory) | 0.779909 |
92,904 | In mathematics and the foundations of quantum mechanics, the projective Hilbert space P ( H ) {\displaystyle P(H)} of a complex Hilbert space H {\displaystyle H} is the set of equivalence classes of non-zero vectors v {\displaystyle v} in H {\displaystyle H} , for the relation ∼ {\displaystyle \sim } on H {\displaystyl... | Ray (quantum theory) | 0.779909 |
92,905 | eLife is a not-for-profit, peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journal for the biomedical and life sciences. It was established at the end of 2012 by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Max Planck Society, and Wellcome Trust, following a workshop held in 2010 at the Janelia Farm Research Campus. Together, these org... | ELife | 0.779907 |
92,906 | The Ben Barres Spotlight Awards, established by eLife, embody a prestigious recognition that lauds exceptional scientific accomplishments within the fields of biology and medicine, particularly highlighting contributions from historically marginalized spheres. This distinguished award not only spotlights researchers op... | ELife | 0.779907 |
92,907 | Assuming that the Earth was a completely rigid body, they calculated the period of Earth’s polhode wobble to be about 9–10 months.During the mid 19th century, Louis Poinsot developed a geometric interpretation of the physics of rotating bodies that provided a visual counterpart to Euler’s algebraic equations. Poinsot w... | Polhode | 0.779903 |
92,908 | The Majumdar–Ghosh model is one of a small handful of realistic quantum spin models that may be solved exactly. Moreover, its ground states are simple examples of what are known as valence-bond solids (VBS). Thus the Majumdar–Ghosh model is related to another famous spin model, the AKLT model, whose ground state is the... | Majumdar–Ghosh model | 0.779903 |
92,909 | Twelve (or thirteen) ancient constellations belong to the zodiac (straddling the ecliptic, which the Sun, Moon, and planets all traverse). The origins of the zodiac remain historically uncertain; its astrological divisions became prominent c. 400 BC in Babylonian or Chaldean astronomy. | Constellation | 0.779903 |
92,910 | A decompiler and a recompiler were released by Armin Rigo (called DEACC and REACC respectively). These programs were made through the process of reverse engineering, and were most likely published before the release of qcc.id Software released the source of qcc, their QuakeC compiler, along with the original QuakeC cod... | QuakeC | 0.779902 |
92,911 | QuakeC is a compiled language developed in 1996 by John Carmack of id Software to program parts of the video game Quake. Using QuakeC, a programmer is able to customize Quake to great extents by adding weapons, changing game logic and physics, and programming complex scenarios. It can be used to control many aspects of... | QuakeC | 0.779902 |
92,912 | The scale normalized Laplacian (in L 1 {\displaystyle L_{1}} -norm) is frequently used as a blob detector and for automatic scale selection in computer vision applications; see Laplacian of Gaussian and scale space. The relation between this Laplacian of the Gaussian operator and the difference-of-Gaussians operator is... | Mexican hat wavelet | 0.7799 |
92,913 | In molecular biology, the Bcl-x interacting domain is a protein domain found in BAM, Bim and Bcl2-like protein 11. It is a long alpha helix, which is required for interaction with Bcl-x. == References == | Bcl-x interacting domain | 0.779899 |
92,914 | Resisting pragmatic interpretations of Heidegger's thought, then, Harman is able to propose an object-oriented account of metaphysical substances. Following the publication of Harman's early work, several scholars from varying fields employing object-oriented principles in their own work. Levi Bryant began what he desc... | Object-oriented ontology | 0.779897 |
92,915 | The term "object-oriented philosophy" was used by speculative philosopher Graham Harman in his 1999 doctoral dissertation "Tool-Being: Elements in a Theory of Objects" (later revised and published as Tool-Being: Heidegger and the Metaphysics of Objects). For Harman, Heideggerian Zuhandenheit, or readiness-to-hand, refe... | Object-oriented ontology | 0.779897 |
92,916 | In Tool-Being: Heidegger and the Metaphysics of Objects, Graham Harman interprets the tool-analysis contained in Martin Heidegger's Being and Time as inaugurating an ontology of objects themselves, rather than the valorization of practical action or networks of signification. According to Harman, Heideggerian Zuhandenh... | Object-oriented ontology | 0.779897 |
92,917 | Some commentators contend that object-oriented ontology degrades meaning by placing humans and objects on equal footing. Matthew David Segall has argued that object-oriented philosophers should explore the theological and anthropological implications of their ideas in order to avoid "slipping into the nihilism of some ... | Object-oriented ontology | 0.779897 |
92,918 | In metaphysics, object-oriented ontology (OOO) is a 21st-century Heidegger-influenced school of thought that rejects the privileging of human existence over the existence of nonhuman objects. This is in contrast to what it calls the "anthropocentrism" of Kant's philosophy by proposing a metaphorical Copernican Revoluti... | Object-oriented ontology | 0.779897 |
92,919 | In relativity and in pseudo-Riemannian geometry, a null hypersurface is a hypersurface whose normal vector at every point is a null vector (has zero length with respect to the local metric tensor). A light cone is an example. An alternative characterization is that the tangent space at every point of a hypersurface con... | Null hypersurface | 0.779896 |
92,920 | When conditions are not fulfilled, a layered geometry for edge-sharing or face-sharing octahedra or lower B-site coordination is preferred. These are good structural bounds, but not an empirical prediction.Perovskites have sub-metallic to metallic luster, colorless streak, and cube-like structure along with imperfect c... | Perovskite | 0.779896 |
92,921 | A double perovskite has a formula of A'A"B'B"O6 and replaces half the B sites with B′, where A are alkaline or rare earth metals and B are transition metals. The cation arrangement will differ based on charge, coordination geometry, and the ratio between A cation and B cation radii. The B and B′ cations lead to differe... | Perovskite | 0.779896 |
92,922 | A digital fly-by-wire flight control system can be extended from its analog counterpart. Digital signal processing can receive and interpret input from multiple sensors simultaneously (such as the altimeters and the pitot tubes) and adjust the controls in real time. The computers sense position and force inputs from pi... | Fly-by-wire | 0.779896 |
92,923 | In 2018, Google announced that Nvidia's Tesla P4 graphic cards would be integrated into Google Cloud service's artificial intelligence.In May 2018, on the Nvidia user forum, a thread was started asking the company to update users when they would release web drivers for its cards installed on legacy Mac Pro machines up ... | Nvidia Surround | 0.779895 |
92,924 | The architecture also supports a new hardware feature known as simultaneous multi-projection (SMP), which is designed to improve the quality of multi-monitor and virtual reality rendering. Laptops that include these GPUs and are sufficiently thin – as of late 2017, under 0.8 inches (20 mm) – have been designated as mee... | Nvidia Surround | 0.779895 |
92,925 | On January 5, 2007, Nvidia announced that it had completed the acquisition of PortalPlayer, Inc. In February 2008, Nvidia acquired Ageia, developer of the PhysX physics engine and physics processing unit. Nvidia announced that it planned to integrate the PhysX technology into its future GPU products.In July 2008, Nvidi... | Nvidia Surround | 0.779895 |
92,926 | Nvidia GPUs are used in deep learning, and accelerated analytics due to Nvidia's API CUDA which allows programmers to utilize the higher number of cores present in GPUs to parallelize BLAS operations which are extensively used in machine learning algorithms. They were included in many Tesla vehicles before Elon Musk an... | Nvidia Surround | 0.779895 |
92,927 | Nvidia Corporation ( en-VID-ee-ə) is an American multinational technology company incorporated in Delaware and based in Santa Clara, California. It is a software and fabless company which designs graphics processing units (GPUs), application programming interface (APIs) for data science and high-performance computing a... | Nvidia Surround | 0.779895 |
92,928 | In 2017, the GPUs were also brought online at the Riken Center for Advanced Intelligence Project for Fujitsu. The company's deep learning technology led to a boost in its 2017 earnings.In May 2018, researchers at the artificial intelligence department of Nvidia realized the possibility that a robot can learn to perform... | Nvidia Surround | 0.779895 |
92,929 | DGX is a line of supercomputers by Nvidia. In April 2016, Nvidia produced the DGX-1 based on an 8 GPU cluster, to improve the ability of users to use deep learning by combining GPUs with integrated deep learning software. It also developed Nvidia Tesla K80 and P100 GPU-based virtual machines, which are available throug... | Nvidia Surround | 0.779895 |
92,930 | Later that year, AWS's P2 instance was produced using up to 16 Nvidia Tesla K80 GPUs. That month Nvidia also partnered with IBM to create a software kit that boosts the AI capabilities of Watson, called IBM PowerAI. Nvidia also offers its own Nvidia Deep Learning software development kit. | Nvidia Surround | 0.779895 |
92,931 | l-DOPA, also known as levodopa and l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is an amino acid that is made and used as part of the normal biology of some plants and animals, including humans. Humans, as well as a portion of the other animals that utilize l-DOPA, make it via biosynthesis from the amino acid l-tyrosine. l-DOPA is th... | L-DOPA | 0.779895 |
92,932 | l-DOPA is a key compound in the formation of marine adhesive proteins, such as those found in mussels. It is believed to be responsible for the water-resistance and rapid curing abilities of these proteins. l-DOPA may also be used to prevent surfaces from fouling by bonding antifouling polymers to a susceptible substra... | L-DOPA | 0.779895 |
92,933 | In work that earned him a Nobel Prize in 2000, Swedish scientist Arvid Carlsson first showed in the 1950s that administering l-DOPA to animals with drug-induced (reserpine) Parkinsonian symptoms caused a reduction in the intensity of the animals' symptoms. In 1960/61 Oleh Hornykiewicz, after discovering greatly reduced... | L-DOPA | 0.779895 |
92,934 | From a purely representation-theoretic point of view, one would have to study all of the representations; but, here, we are only interested in applications to quantum mechanics. There, E represents the energy, which has to be bounded below, if thermodynamic stability is required. Consider first the case where m is nonz... | Representation theory of the Galilean group | 0.779895 |
92,935 | The method of induced representations will be used to survey these. We focus on the (centrally extended, Bargmann) Lie algebra here, because it is simpler to analyze and we can always extend the results to the full Lie group through the Frobenius theorem. = 0 {\displaystyle =0} = 0 {\displaystyle =0} = 0 {\displaysty... | Representation theory of the Galilean group | 0.779895 |
92,936 | In nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, an account can be given of the existence of mass and spin (normally explained in Wigner's classification of relativistic mechanics) in terms of the representation theory of the Galilean group, which is the spacetime symmetry group of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. In 3 + 1 dime... | Representation theory of the Galilean group | 0.779895 |
92,937 | In the notation above, the character is the sum of the diagonal matrix coefficients: χ π = ∑ i = 1 d ( π ) u i i ( π ) . {\displaystyle \chi _{\pi }=\sum _{i=1}^{d^{(\pi )}}u_{ii}^{(\pi )}.} An important consequence of the preceding result is the following: Theorem: The characters of the irreducible representations of ... | Peter–Weyl theorem | 0.779894 |
92,938 | Let G be a compact group. The theorem has three parts. The first part states that the matrix coefficients of irreducible representations of G are dense in the space C(G) of continuous complex-valued functions on G, and thus also in the space L2(G) of square-integrable functions. | Peter–Weyl theorem | 0.779894 |
92,939 | In mathematics, the Peter–Weyl theorem is a basic result in the theory of harmonic analysis, applying to topological groups that are compact, but are not necessarily abelian. It was initially proved by Hermann Weyl, with his student Fritz Peter, in the setting of a compact topological group G (Peter & Weyl 1927). The t... | Peter–Weyl theorem | 0.779894 |
92,940 | It follows by a theorem of Élie Cartan that the image of G is a Lie group also. If we now take the limit (in the sense of category theory) over all such spaces V, we get a result about G: Because G acts faithfully on L2(G), G is an inverse limit of Lie groups. It may of course not itself be a Lie group: it may for exam... | Peter–Weyl theorem | 0.779894 |
92,941 | From the Peter–Weyl theorem, one can deduce a significant general structure theorem. Let G be a compact topological group, which we assume Hausdorff. For any finite-dimensional G-invariant subspace V in L2(G), where G acts on the left, we consider the image of G in GL(V). It is closed, since G is compact, and a subgrou... | Peter–Weyl theorem | 0.779894 |
92,942 | {\displaystyle u_{n}(e^{i\theta })=e^{in\theta }.} The last part of the Peter–Weyl theorem then asserts in this case that these functions form an orthonormal basis for L 2 ( S 1 ) {\displaystyle L^{2}(S^{1})} . In this case, the theorem is simply a standard result from the theory of Fourier series. For any compact grou... | Peter–Weyl theorem | 0.779894 |
92,943 | Hence the theorem follows directly from the Stone–Weierstrass theorem if the matrix coefficients separate points, which is obvious if G is a matrix group (Knapp 1986, p. 17). Conversely, it is a consequence of the theorem that any compact Lie group is isomorphic to a matrix group (Knapp 1986, Theorem 1.15). A corollary... | Peter–Weyl theorem | 0.779894 |
92,944 | This first result resembles the Stone–Weierstrass theorem in that it indicates the density of a set of functions in the space of all continuous functions, subject only to an algebraic characterization. In fact, the matrix coefficients form a unital algebra invariant under complex conjugation because the product of two ... | Peter–Weyl theorem | 0.779894 |
92,945 | A matrix coefficient of the group G is a complex-valued function φ {\displaystyle \varphi } on G given as the composition φ = L ∘ π {\displaystyle \varphi =L\circ \pi } where π: G → GL(V) is a finite-dimensional (continuous) group representation of G, and L is a linear functional on the vector space of endomorphisms of... | Peter–Weyl theorem | 0.779894 |
92,946 | One important consequence of the Peter–Weyl theorem is the following: Theorem: Every compact Lie group has a faithful finite-dimensional representation and is therefore isomorphic to a closed subgroup of GL ( n ; C ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {GL} (n;\mathbb {C} )} for some n {\displaystyle n} . | Peter–Weyl theorem | 0.779894 |
92,947 | Inductively one may conclude that a similar inequality holds for a block decomposition of M with multiple principal diagonal blocks. Considering 1×1 blocks, a corollary is Hadamard's inequality. On the other hand, Fischer's inequality can also be proved by using Hadamard's inequality, see the proof of Theorem 7.8.5 in ... | Fischer's inequality | 0.779894 |
92,948 | The number following the name of the group is the order of the group. John Conway advocated the names simplex, orthoplex, tesseract, octaplex or polyoctahedron (pO), tetraplex or polytetrahedron (pT), and dodecaplex or polydodecahedron (pD).Norman Johnson advocated the names n-cell, or pentachoron, hexadecachoron, tess... | Convex regular 4-polytope | 0.779893 |
92,949 | Several crystal structures containing PdCl2(PPh3)2 have been reported. In all of the structures, PdCl2(PPh3)2 adopts a square planar coordination geometry and the trans isomeric form. | PdCl2P2 | 0.779892 |
92,950 | Some commentators say that legal AI is technically speaking neither a lawyer nor a robot and should not be referred to as such. Other commentators believe that the term can be misleading and note that the robot lawyer of the future won't be one all-encompassing application but a collection of specialized bots for vario... | Lawbot | 0.779892 |
92,951 | According to Lawyers to Engage, between 22% of a lawyer’s work and 35% of a legal assistant’s work can be automated in the US. Top law schools like Harvard have already begun to integrate Artificial Intelligence into the curriculum. Legal tech start-up companies have begun developing applications that assist law firms ... | Lawbot | 0.779892 |
92,952 | Current research in subjects such as Computational Privacy, Explainable Machine Learning, Bayesian Deep Learning, Knowledge Intensive Machine Learning, and Transfer Learning reveals that we do not yet have the technology to enable Level 4 to 6 AI lawbots. | Lawbot | 0.779892 |
92,953 | On January 17, 2008, ITAA announced that it had agreed to so-called "merger of equals" with the Government Electronics and Information Technology Association (GEIA), and that the combined association would retain the ITAA name. Until earlier in the year GEIA had been an affiliate of EIA (a trade association formerly kn... | Information Technology Association of America | 0.779891 |
92,954 | He convinced his old friend and collaborator Albert Einstein to co-sign it, lending his fame to the proposal. This resulted in support by the U.S. government for research into nuclear fission, which became the Manhattan Project.In April 1941, the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) asked Arthur Compton, a Nobel-... | X-10 Pile | 0.77989 |
92,955 | The engine and generator are on display at the reactor loading face, just below the staircase leading to the loading platform.The X-10 Graphite Reactor was shut down on November 4, 1963, after twenty years of use. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 21, 1965, and added to the National Register of... | X-10 Pile | 0.77989 |
92,956 | One quality this explosive has, that PETN does not, is a positive oxygen balance, which means that ETN possesses more than enough oxygen in its structure to fully oxidize all of its carbon and hydrogen upon detonation. This can be seen in the schematic chemical equation below. 2 C4H6N4O12 → 8 CO2 + 6 H2O + 4 N2 + 1 O2W... | Erythritol tetranitrate | 0.77989 |
92,957 | The Galton board, also known as the Galton box or quincunx or bean machine, is a device invented by Sir Francis Galton to demonstrate the central limit theorem, in particular that with sufficient sample size the binomial distribution approximates a normal distribution. Among its applications, it afforded insight into r... | Galton box | 0.779887 |
92,958 | The Ford Museum machine was displayed at the IBM Pavilion during 1964-65 New York World's Fair, later appearing at Pacific Science Center in Seattle. Another large-scale version is displayed in the lobby of Index Fund Advisors in Irvine, California.Boards can be constructed for other distributions by changing the shape... | Galton box | 0.779887 |
92,959 | The first grant agreement is implemented under the European Commission program Horizon 2020 (FPA: 800928) in the December 2018 to November 2021 time span. The second agreement will be implemented afterwards under the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking which issued a call answered to in January 2021 by the same consortium (H2020... | European Processor Initiative | 0.779886 |
92,960 | The European Processor Initiative (EPI) is a European processor project to design and build a new family of European low-power processors for supercomputers, Big Data, automotive, and offering high performance on traditional HPC applications and emerging applications such as on machine learning. It is led by a consorti... | European Processor Initiative | 0.779886 |
92,961 | Sulfur chloride pentafluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula SF5Cl. It exists as a colorless gas at room temperature and is highly toxic, like most inorganic compounds containing the pentafluorosulfide (–SF5) functional group. The compound adopts an octahedral geometry with C4v symmetry. Sulfur chloride pent... | SF5Cl | 0.779886 |
92,962 | The form of the optimization is determined by the underlying structure of the pricing problem.If capacity is constrained and perishable and customer willingness-to-pay increases over time, then the underlying problem is classified as a yield management or revenue management problem. If capacity is constrained and peris... | Price optimization software | 0.779885 |
92,963 | This model is also used to evaluate pricing for different customer segments by simulating how targeted customers will respond to price changes with data-driven scenarios.Price optimization starts with a segmentation of customers. A seller then estimates how customers in different segments will respond to different pric... | Price optimization software | 0.779885 |
92,964 | Price optimization utilizes data analysis to predict the behavior of potential buyers to different prices of a product or service. Depending on the type of methodology being implemented, the analysis may leverage survey data (e.g. such as in a conjoint pricing analysis) or raw data (e.g. such as in a behavioral analysi... | Price optimization software | 0.779885 |
92,965 | Price optimization is the use of mathematical analysis by a company to determine how customers will respond to different prices for its products and services through different channels. It is also used to determine the prices that the company determines will best meet its objectives such as maximizing operating profit.... | Price optimization software | 0.779885 |
92,966 | The journal is abstracted and indexed in Ei Compendex, ProQuest databases, Civil engineering database, Inspec, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. | Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering | 0.779884 |
92,967 | The Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1989 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. It covers research and best practices concerns on development, processing, evaluation, applications, and performance of construction materials in civil engineering.... | Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering | 0.779884 |
92,968 | In statistics, deviance is a goodness-of-fit statistic for a statistical model; it is often used for statistical hypothesis testing. It is a generalization of the idea of using the sum of squares of residuals (SSR) in ordinary least squares to cases where model-fitting is achieved by maximum likelihood. It plays an imp... | Deviance (statistics) | 0.779883 |
92,969 | Suppose in the framework of the GLM, we have two nested models, M1 and M2. In particular, suppose that M1 contains the parameters in M2, and k additional parameters. Then, under the null hypothesis that M2 is the true model, the difference between the deviances for the two models follows, based on Wilks' theorem, an ap... | Deviance (statistics) | 0.779883 |
92,970 | ADINA CFD ANSYS CFX ANSYS Fluent COMSOL Multiphysics Pumplinx Simcenter STAR-CCM+ KIVA (software) RELAP5-3D | Nektar++ | 0.779883 |
92,971 | Nektar++ is a spectral/hp element framework designed to support the construction of efficient high-performance scalable solvers for a wide range of partial differential equations (PDE). The code is released as open-source under the MIT license. Although primarily driven by application-based research, it has been design... | Nektar++ | 0.779883 |
92,972 | Nek5000 (BSD) Advanced Simulation Library (AGPL) Code Saturne (GPL) FEATool Multiphysics Gerris Flow Solver (GPL) OpenFOAM (GPL) SU2 code (LGPL) PyFR | Nektar++ | 0.779883 |
92,973 | The development of the Nektar++ framework is driven by a number of aerodynamics and biomedical engineering applications and consequently the software package includes a number of pre-written solvers for these areas. | Nektar++ | 0.779883 |
92,974 | The ground-tier vehicles have limited onboard computing capabilities, since they off-load data analysis to a primary lander or higher tiers that have higher-grade computing equipment. Conceptually, a primary lander is a higher-grade computing engine that also acts as a communication relay, much like a planetary interne... | Tier-Scalable Reconnaissance | 0.779882 |
92,975 | By a very narrow margin, the participants on balance leaned toward the view that accelerating brain emulation would increase expected AI risk. Waiting might give society more time to think about the consequences of brain emulation and develop institutions to improve cooperation.Emulation research would also speed up ne... | Mind uploading | 0.779882 |
92,976 | If one AI-development group had a lead in emulation technology, it would have more subjective time to win an arms race to build the first superhuman AI. Because it would be less rushed, it would have more freedom to consider AI risks.Arguments for slowing down brain-emulation research: Greater investment in brain emula... | Mind uploading | 0.779882 |
92,977 | Assuming that emulation technology will arrive, a question becomes whether we should accelerate or slow its advance.Arguments for speeding up brain-emulation research: If neuroscience is the bottleneck on brain emulation rather than computing power, emulation advances may be more erratic and unpredictable based on when... | Mind uploading | 0.779882 |
92,978 | Therefore, while not rejecting the idea in principle, Miller believes that the complexity of the "absolute" duplication of an individual mind is insurmountable for the nearest hundreds of years.There are very few feasible technologies that humans have refrained from developing. The neuroscience and computer-hardware te... | Mind uploading | 0.779882 |
92,979 | Kenneth D. Miller, a professor of neuroscience at Columbia and a co-director of the Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, raised doubts about the practicality of mind uploading. His major argument is that reconstructing neurons and their connections is in itself a formidable task, but it is far from being sufficient. Op... | Mind uploading | 0.779882 |
92,980 | Neural correlates of consciousness, a sub-branch of neuroscience, states that consciousness may be thought of as a state-dependent property of some undefined complex, adaptive, and highly interconnected biological system.Others have argued against such conclusions. For example, Buddhist transhumanist James Hughes has p... | Mind uploading | 0.779882 |
92,981 | Underlying the concept of "mind uploading" (more accurately "mind copying") is the broad philosophy that consciousness lies within the brain's information processing and is in essence an emergent feature that arises from large neural network high-level patterns of organization, and that the same patterns of organizatio... | Mind uploading | 0.779882 |
92,982 | It was only in 1911 that Levy proved in experiments with animals that chloroform can cause cardiac fibrillation. Despite this, between 1865 and 1920, chloroform was used in 80 to 95% of all narcoses performed in the UK and German-speaking countries. In Germany, the first comprehensive surveys of the fatality rate durin... | CHCl3 | 0.779882 |
92,983 | In microbial genetics, a revertant is a mutant that has reverted to its former genotype or to the original phenotype by means of a suppressor mutation, or else by compensatory mutation somewhere in the gene (second site reversion). | Suppressor mutation | 0.779881 |
92,984 | In standard confocal instruments, the second or "output" pinhole is utilized to filter out the emitted or scattered light. Traditionally, this pinhole is a passive component that blocks light to filter the illumination optically. However, newer designs have tried to perform this filtering digitally. Recent approaches h... | Confocal Microscopy | 0.779881 |
92,985 | Methadone treatment for heroin addiction. Naltrexone: Reduces opiates and alcohol cravings. Disulfiram: induces intense nausea after drinking alcohol. Acamprosate: normalizes brain chemistry disrupted by alcohol withdrawal and aids alcohol abstinence. Buprenorphine/naloxone: The two medications together reduce cravings... | Polysubstance dependence | 0.779881 |
92,986 | In fact, in his 1974 proposal "Media Planning for the Postindustrial Society – The 21st century is now only 26 years away" to the Rockefeller Foundation he used a slightly different phrase, "electronic super highway":In 1972, Andrew Targowski presented the Polish National Development Program at the State Council for In... | Information Superhighway | 0.77988 |
92,987 | In the context of numerical MHD modeling, a fluxon is a discretized magnetic field line, representing a finite amount of magnetic flux in a localized bundle in the model. Fluxon models are explicitly designed to preserve the topology of the magnetic field, overcoming numerical resistivity effects in Eulerian models. | Fluxon | 0.779879 |
92,988 | In physics, a fluxon is a quantum of electromagnetic flux. The term may have any of several related meanings. | Fluxon | 0.779879 |
92,989 | Type II toxin-antitoxin systems are generally better-understood than type I. In this system a labile proteic antitoxin tightly binds and inhibits the activity of a stable toxin. The largest family of type II toxin-antitoxin systems is vapBC, which has been found through bioinformatics searches to represent between 37 a... | Toxin-antitoxin system | 0.779874 |
92,990 | The biotechnological applications of toxin-antitoxin systems have begun to be realised by several biotechnology organisations. A primary usage is in maintaining plasmids in a large bacterial cell culture. In an experiment examining the effectiveness of the hok/sok locus, it was found that segregational stability of an ... | Toxin-antitoxin system | 0.779874 |
92,991 | The polar coordinates can be transformed into Cartesian coordinates by writing x = r cos ( θ ) {\displaystyle x=r\cos(\theta )} and y = r sin ( θ ) {\displaystyle y=r\sin(\theta )} . Differentiating x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle y} with respect to time yields the differential equations, d x d t = d r d t... | Hopf bifurcation | 0.779873 |
92,992 | The appearance or the disappearance of a periodic orbit through a local change in the stability properties of a fixed point is known as the Hopf bifurcation. The following theorem works for fixed points with one pair of conjugate nonzero purely imaginary eigenvalues. It tells the conditions under which this bifurcation... | Hopf bifurcation | 0.779873 |
92,993 | The most common application is in the storage of secrets in multiple locations to prevent the capture of the secret and the subsequent cryptanalysis of that system. Most often the secrets that are "split" are the secret key material of a public key cryptography or of a Digital signature scheme. The method primarily enf... | Threshold cryptosystem | 0.779873 |
92,994 | A threshold cryptosystem, the basis for the field of threshold cryptography, is a cryptosystem that protects information by encrypting it and distributing it among a cluster of fault-tolerant computers. The message is encrypted using a public key, and the corresponding private key is shared among the participating part... | Threshold cryptosystem | 0.779873 |
92,995 | Perhaps the first system with complete threshold properties for a trapdoor function (such as RSA) and a proof of security was published in 1994 by Alfredo De Santis, Yvo Desmedt, Yair Frankel, and Moti Yung.Historically, only organizations with very valuable secrets, such as certificate authorities, the military, and g... | Threshold cryptosystem | 0.779873 |
92,996 | This applies in particular if G is empty. If G is strongly connected and E is nonempty, then r ( G ) = 1 + min v ∈ V r ( G − v ) , {\displaystyle r(G)=1+\min _{v\in V}r(G-v),\,} where G − v {\displaystyle G-v} is the digraph resulting from deletion of vertex v and all edges beginning or ending at v.If G is not strongly... | Star height | 0.779872 |
92,997 | In his seminal study of the star height of regular languages, Eggan (1963) established a relation between the theories of regular expressions, finite automata, and of directed graphs. In subsequent years, this relation became known as Eggan's theorem, cf. Sakarovitch (2009). We recall a few concepts from graph theory a... | Star height | 0.779872 |
92,998 | In theoretical computer science, more precisely in the theory of formal languages, the star height is a measure for the structural complexity of regular expressions and regular languages. The star height of a regular expression equals the maximum nesting depth of stars appearing in that expression. The star height of a... | Star height | 0.779872 |
92,999 | The geometry step (with Geometry pipeline), which is responsible for the majority of the operations with polygons and their vertices (with Vertex pipeline), can be divided into the following five tasks. It depends on the particular implementation of how these tasks are organized as actual parallel pipeline steps. | Graphics pipeline | 0.779871 |
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