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93,700 | The only form of interactionist dualism that has seemed even remotely tenable in the contemporary picture is one that exploits certain properties of quantum mechanics. There are two ways this might go. First, some have appealed to the existence of quantum indeterminacy, and have suggested that a nonphysical consciousn... | Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation | 0.779512 |
93,701 | There are other possible solutions to the "Wigner's friend" thought experiment, which do not require consciousness to be different from other physical processes. Moreover, Wigner actually shifted to those interpretations (and away from "consciousness causes collapse") in his later years. This was partly because he was ... | Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation | 0.779512 |
93,702 | The von Neumann–Wigner interpretation, also described as "consciousness causes collapse", is an interpretation of quantum mechanics in which consciousness is postulated to be necessary for the completion of the process of quantum measurement. | Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation | 0.779512 |
93,703 | See Consciousness and measurement. The mind is postulated to be non-physical and the only true measurement apparatus.This interpretation has been summarized thus: The rules of quantum mechanics are correct but there is only one system which may be treated with quantum mechanics, namely the entire material world. There ... | Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation | 0.779512 |
93,704 | He believed quantum theory offers a complete description of nature, albeit one that is simply ill-suited for everyday experiences – which are better described by classical mechanics and probability. Bohr never specified a demarcation line above which objects cease to be quantum and become classical. He believed that it... | Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation | 0.779512 |
93,705 | Many of the originators of quantum mechanical theory held that humans can effectively interrogate nature through interacting with it, and that in this regard quantum mechanics is not different from classical mechanics. In addition, Werner Heisenberg maintained that wave function collapse, "The discontinuous change in t... | Von Neumann–Wigner interpretation | 0.779512 |
93,706 | In organic chemistry, borate esters are organoboron compounds which are conveniently prepared by the stoichiometric condensation reaction of boric acid with alcohols. There are two main classes of borate esters: orthoborates, B(OR)3 and metaborates, B3O3(OR)3. Metaborates contain 6-membered boroxine rings. B ( OH ) 3 +... | Borate ester | 0.779512 |
93,707 | The timeline of particle physics lists the sequence of particle physics theories and discoveries in chronological order. The most modern developments follow the scientific development of the discipline of particle physics. | Timeline of particle physics | 0.779508 |
93,708 | 2000 – CERN announced quark-gluon plasma, a new phase of matter. 2000 - scientists at Fermilab announce the first direct evidence for the tau neutrino, the third kind of neutrino in particle physics. 2001 – the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (Canada) confirm the existence of neutrino oscillations. Lene Hau stops a beam o... | Timeline of particle physics | 0.779508 |
93,709 | The charm quarks are observed bound with charm antiquarks in mesons. The two discovering parties independently assign the discovered meson two different symbols, J and ψ; thus, it becomes formally known as the J/ψ meson. The discovery finally convinces the physics community of the quark model's validity. | Timeline of particle physics | 0.779508 |
93,710 | 1970 – Glashow, John Iliopoulos and Luciano Maiani predict the charmed quark that is subsequently found experimentally and share a Nobel prize for their theoretical prediction. 1973 – Frank Anthony Wilczek discover the quark asymptotic freedom in the theory of strong interactions; receives the Lorentz Medal in 2002, an... | Timeline of particle physics | 0.779508 |
93,711 | Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)characteristically occurs in quantum dots which contain a base metal like cadmium or lead. This interaction of nano-scale metals with light is characterized by surface-bound charge density oscillations of the free electrons in resonance with the driving electromagnetic field an... | Cadmium-free quantum dot | 0.779508 |
93,712 | A significant portion of the SCORPION program was focused on the development of new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to model microadaptive flow control and better understand the complex aerodynamic interactions associated with using microjets to control the trajectory of spin-stabilized projectiles. Detai... | SCORPION program | 0.779507 |
93,713 | The SCORPION program began in 2001 as a joint venture between DARPA, ARL's Weapons and Materials Research Directorate (WMRD), Georgia Tech's Departments of Mechanical Engineering, Electronic and Computer Engineering, and Aerospace Engineering, and Georgia Tech Research Institute's Aerospace, Transportation, and Advance... | SCORPION program | 0.779507 |
93,714 | O2 binds to a single metal center either “end-on” (η1-) or “side-on” (η2-). The bonding and structures of these compounds are usually evaluated by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, focusing both on the overall geometry as well as the O–O distances, which reveals the bond order of the O2 ligand. | Synthetic oxygen carrier | 0.779506 |
93,715 | The "a sin i" value of the primary is 280 Gm (1.9 AU), where a is the semimajor axis and i is the orbital inclination.The visible component is a well-studied magnetic Ap star with a stellar classification of A3VpSrSiCrEu and a visual magnitude of 6.3. The magnetic field topology of 53 Camelopardalis is complex, and is ... | 53 Camelopardalis | 0.779505 |
93,716 | One measure of human development is the Human Development Index (HDI), formulated by the United Nations Development Programme. The index encompasses statistics such as life expectancy at birth, an education index (calculated using mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling), and gross national income per c... | Human development theory | 0.779504 |
93,717 | This issue has been addressed with the addition of clustering enhancements to the relational databases, although some basic tasks require complex and expensive protocols, such as with data synchronization.Modern relational databases have shown poor performance on data-intensive systems, therefore, the idea of NoSQL has... | Database as a service | 0.779503 |
93,718 | In mathematics, the HNN extension is an important construction of combinatorial group theory. Introduced in a 1949 paper Embedding Theorems for Groups by Graham Higman, Bernhard Neumann, and Hanna Neumann, it embeds a given group G into another group G' , in such a way that two given isomorphic subgroups of G are conju... | Britton's Lemma | 0.779503 |
93,719 | In mathematics, the Ellis–Numakura lemma states that if S is a non-empty semigroup with a topology such that S is compact and the product is semi-continuous, then S has an idempotent element p, (that is, with pp = p). The lemma is named after Robert Ellis and Katsui Numakura. | Ellis–Numakura lemma | 0.779503 |
93,720 | Despite trying to win the public endorsement of C. S. Lewis (1898–1963), the most prominent Christian apologist of his day, by the mid-1950s the EPM came under control of schoolmaster/pastor Albert G. Tilney, whose dogmatic and authoritarian style ran the organization "as a one-man band", rejecting flood geology, unwav... | Creation evolution controversy | 0.779503 |
93,721 | Although it opposed evolution at first, the institute joined the theistic evolution camp by the 1920s, which led to the development of the Evolution Protest Movement in reaction. Amateur ornithologist Douglas Dewar, the main driving-force within the EPM, published a booklet entitled Man: A Special Creation (1936) and e... | Creation evolution controversy | 0.779503 |
93,722 | Creationists point to experiments they have performed, which they claim demonstrate that 1.5 billion years of nuclear decay took place over a short period, from which they infer that "billion-fold speed-ups of nuclear decay" have occurred, a massive violation of the principle that radioisotope decay rates are constant,... | Creation evolution controversy | 0.779503 |
93,723 | Creationists commonly argue against evolution on the grounds that "evolution is a religion; it is not a science," in order to undermine the higher ground biologists claim in debating creationists, and to reframe the debate from being between science (evolution) and religion (creationism) to being between two equally re... | Creation evolution controversy | 0.779503 |
93,724 | Morris' Creation Science Research Center (CSRC) rushed publication of biology textbooks that promoted creationism. Ultimately, the CSRC broke up over a divide between sensationalism and a more intellectual approach, and Morris founded the Institute for Creation Research, which was promised to be controlled and operated... | Creation evolution controversy | 0.779503 |
93,725 | As biologists grew more and more confident in evolution as the central defining principle of biology, American membership in churches favoring increasingly literal interpretations of scripture also rose, with the Southern Baptist Convention and Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod outpacing all other denominations. With grow... | Creation evolution controversy | 0.779503 |
93,726 | The Discovery Institute has a "formal declaration" titled "A Scientific Dissent From Darwinism" which has many evangelicals, people from fields irrelevant to biology and geology and few biologists. Many of the biologists who signed have fields not directly related to evolution. In response, there has been an analogous ... | Creation evolution controversy | 0.779503 |
93,727 | In 1968 the United States Supreme Court invalidated a forty-year-old Arkansas statute that prohibited the teaching of evolution in the public schools. A Little Rock, Arkansas, high-school-biology teacher, Susan Epperson, filed suit, charging that the law violated the federal constitutional prohibition against establish... | Creation evolution controversy | 0.779503 |
93,728 | Many of these same creationists through the beginning of the 21st century also held that modern species were perpetually fixed from creation. However, now a large amount of creationists allow evolution of species, in the face of undeniable evidence for speciation. They contend, however, that it was specific "kinds" or ... | Creation evolution controversy | 0.779503 |
93,729 | Many pesticides achieve their intended use of killing pests by disrupting the nervous system. Due to similarities in brain biochemistry among many different organisms, there is much speculation that these chemicals can have a negative impact on humans as well. There are epidemiological studies that show positive correl... | Pesticide residue | 0.779502 |
93,730 | Let X {\displaystyle X} be an order complete vector lattice of minimal type. For any x ∈ X {\displaystyle x\in X} such that x > 0 , {\displaystyle x>0,} the following are equivalent: x {\displaystyle x} is a weak order unit. For every non-0 positive linear functional f {\displaystyle f} on X {\displaystyle X} , f ( x )... | Order dual (functional analysis) | 0.779502 |
93,731 | Advances in chiral chemistry led to more efficient technologies for manufacturing the single enantiomers by both classical resolution and asymmetric synthesis and the demand for RLA also grew at this time. In the 21st century, R/S-LA, RLA and SLA with high chemical and/or optical purities are available in industrial qu... | Lipoic acid | 0.779501 |
93,732 | Since its discovery as a useful method of oxidation, Fétizon's reagent has been used in the total synthesis of numerous molecules such as (±)-bukittinggine. Fétizon's reagent has also been employed extensively in the study of various sugar chemistry, to achieve selective oxidation of tri and tetra methylated aldoses to... | Fétizon oxidation | 0.7795 |
93,733 | While tertiary alcohols are typically not affected by Fétizon's reagent, tertiary propargylic alcohols have been shown to oxidize under these conditions and results in the fragmentation of the alcohol with an alkyne leaving group. Halohydrins that possess a trans stereochemistry have been demonstrated to form epoxides ... | Fétizon oxidation | 0.7795 |
93,734 | The theorem concerning the ∞/∞ case has a few notable consequences which are useful in the computation of limits. | Stolz–Cesàro theorem | 0.779499 |
93,735 | The general form of the Stolz–Cesàro theorem is the following: If ( a n ) n ≥ 1 {\displaystyle (a_{n})_{n\geq 1}} and ( b n ) n ≥ 1 {\displaystyle (b_{n})_{n\geq 1}} are two sequences such that ( b n ) n ≥ 1 {\displaystyle (b_{n})_{n\geq 1}} is monotone and unbounded, then: lim inf n → ∞ a n + 1 − a n b n + 1 − b n ≤ l... | Stolz–Cesàro theorem | 0.779499 |
93,736 | In mathematics, the Stolz–Cesàro theorem is a criterion for proving the convergence of a sequence. The theorem is named after mathematicians Otto Stolz and Ernesto Cesàro, who stated and proved it for the first time. The Stolz–Cesàro theorem can be viewed as a generalization of the Cesàro mean, but also as a l'Hôpital'... | Stolz–Cesàro theorem | 0.779499 |
93,737 | Knightscope, Inc. (also known as Knightscope) is an American security camera and robotics company headquartered in Mountain View, California. Knightscope designs, builds and deploys robots called Autonomous Data Robots (ADRs) for use in monitoring people in malls, parking lots, neighborhoods and other public areas. Kni... | Knightscope | 0.779497 |
93,738 | The apartment manager, however, stated the robot did directly deter crime, on top of assisting with solving vandalism reports.A security official from Pechanga Resort Casino, which has deployed Knightscope robots, stated that he was unsure if the robots have reduced crime at the casino, but that they have been useful i... | Knightscope | 0.779497 |
93,739 | Quantum physics is most commonly formulated in terms of linear algebra, as follows. Any given system is identified with some finite- or infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. The pure states correspond to vectors of norm 1. Thus the set of all pure states corresponds to the unit sphere in the Hilbert space, because the un... | Quantum state vector | 0.779496 |
93,740 | In functional analysis, a branch of mathematics, the Ryll-Nardzewski fixed-point theorem states that if E {\displaystyle E} is a normed vector space and K {\displaystyle K} is a nonempty convex subset of E {\displaystyle E} that is compact under the weak topology, then every group (or equivalently: every semigroup) of ... | Ryll-Nardzewski fixed-point theorem | 0.779492 |
93,741 | The Ryll-Nardzewski theorem yields the existence of a Haar measure on compact groups. | Ryll-Nardzewski fixed-point theorem | 0.779492 |
93,742 | The profinite completion of A ∗ {\displaystyle A^{*}} , denoted A ∗ ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {A^{*}}}} , is the completion of the set of finite words under the distance defined above. The completion preserves the monoid structure. The topology on A ∗ ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat {A^{*}}}} is compact. Any monoid morphis... | Profinite word | 0.779492 |
93,743 | The notion of profinite languages allows one to relate notions of semigroup theory to notions of topology. More precisely, given P a profinite language, the following statements are equivalent: P is clopen. P is recognizable, The syntactic congruence of P is clopen, as a subset of A ∗ ^ × A ∗ ^ {\displaystyle {\widehat... | Profinite word | 0.779492 |
93,744 | In mathematics, more precisely in formal language theory, the profinite words are a generalization of the notion of finite words into a complete topological space. This notion allows the use of topology to study languages and finite semigroups. For example, profinite words are used to give an alternative characterizati... | Profinite word | 0.779492 |
93,745 | Furthermore it satisfies d ( u w , v w ) ≤ d ( u , v ) {\displaystyle d(uw,vw)\leq d(u,v)} and d ( w u , w v ) ≤ d ( u , v ) {\displaystyle d(wu,wv)\leq d(u,v)} . Since any word p can be separated from any other word using a monoid with |p|+1 elements, where |p| is the length of p, it follows that the distance between ... | Profinite word | 0.779492 |
93,746 | Direct problems attempt to infer the behavior of the eigenvalues of a Riemannian manifold from knowledge of the geometry. The solutions to direct problems are typified by the Cheeger inequality which gives a relation between the first positive eigenvalue and an isoperimetric constant (the Cheeger constant). Many versio... | Spectral geometry | 0.77949 |
93,747 | Spectral geometry is a field in mathematics which concerns relationships between geometric structures of manifolds and spectra of canonically defined differential operators. The case of the Laplace–Beltrami operator on a closed Riemannian manifold has been most intensively studied, although other Laplace operators in d... | Spectral geometry | 0.77949 |
93,748 | 5G can help businesses keep up with the growing networking demands of newer technologies such as AI, machine learning, AR, as well as just regular operations. As stated by Verizon, a private 5G network allows large enterprise and public sector customers to bring a custom-tailored 5G experience to indoor or outdoor faci... | Mobile technologies | 0.77949 |
93,749 | Before beginning, Forbes states, "The members of Forbes Technology Council have their finger on the pulse of upcoming technology advances, including those in the smartphone market." Forbes outlines that there will be more diverse interfaces that will feel more natural and easy to use. Increased interaction with voice a... | Mobile technologies | 0.77949 |
93,750 | The Pandoran biosphere is a fictional habitat introduced in James Cameron's 2009 science fiction film Avatar. The ecology of the lush exomoon Pandora, which teems with a biodiversity of bioluminescent species ranging from hexapodal animals to other types of exotic fauna and flora, forms a vast neural network spanning t... | Pandoran biosphere | 0.779488 |
93,751 | The Vakhitov–Kolokolov stability criterion is a condition for linear stability (sometimes called spectral stability) of solitary wave solutions to a wide class of U(1)-invariant Hamiltonian systems, named after Soviet scientists Aleksandr Kolokolov (Александр Александрович Колоколов) and Nazib Vakhitov (Назиб Галиевич ... | Vakhitov–Kolokolov stability criterion | 0.779487 |
93,752 | Since its construction, the telescope was upgraded several times, following the facility's oversight from the DoD to the National Science Foundation on October 1, 1969, and subsequent renaming of the AIO to the National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (NAIC) in September 1971. Initially, when the maximum expected opera... | NAIC/Arecibo Radiotelescope | 0.779486 |
93,753 | Instead, production of the 940s was turned over to the Systems Engineering Department, which manufactured systems customised to user requirements. To produce a 940, the Systems Engineering Department ordered a 930 from SDS manufacturing, installed the modifications developed by the Berkeley engineers, and shipped machi... | Project Genie | 0.779484 |
93,754 | Measuring economic output and progress is done through the use of economic index indicators. Green indices emerged from the need to measure human ecological impact, efficiency sectors like transport, energy, buildings and tourism, as well as the investment flows targeted to areas like renewable energy and cleantech inn... | Green Economy | 0.779482 |
93,755 | The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Unassigned species: "Aquifex aeolicus" Huber and Stetter 2001 | Aquificaceae | 0.779478 |
93,756 | In the future, food production in aquacultural plants and the exploitation of renewable energy from the oceans is expected to play a growing role. The scientific and engineering research carried out in the centre takes account of such future needs, and extends current knowledge in relevant disciplines. The emphasis is ... | Centre for Ships and Ocean Structures | 0.779477 |
93,757 | In number theory, the Chinese hypothesis is a disproven conjecture stating that an integer n is prime if and only if it satisfies the condition that 2 n − 2 {\displaystyle 2^{n}-2} is divisible by n—in other words, that an integer n is prime if and only if 2 n ≡ 2 mod n {\displaystyle 2^{n}\equiv 2{\bmod {n}}} . It is ... | Chinese hypothesis | 0.779475 |
93,758 | ... Would a man lose title to his land if he had to wait ten months for a railroad line to be built before he could improve the land? ... And what of the naturalist who wanted to keep his land exactly as it was in its wild state to study its ecology? ... ixing one's labor with the land is too ill-defined a concept and ... | Homestead principle | 0.779472 |
93,759 | In the early 1930s, Italian physicist Enrico Fermi led a team of young scientists, dubbed the "Via Panisperna boys", in their now-famous experiments in nuclear physics. During this time, Fermi developed "statistical sampling" techniques that he effectively employed to predict the results of experiments.Years later, in ... | FERMIAC | 0.77947 |
93,760 | Lorentz Medal is a distinction awarded every four years by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. It was established in 1925 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the doctorate of Hendrik Lorentz. The medal is given for important contributions to theoretical physics, though in the past there have been... | Lorentz Medal | 0.779468 |
93,761 | As an example, consider approximating the unit square diagonal by a staircase from below. The staircase always has length 2, while the diagonal line has only length 2 {\displaystyle {\sqrt {2}}} . Let ( X , μ ) {\displaystyle (X,\mu )} be a measure space and let L + ( X , μ ) {\displaystyle L^{+}(X,\mu )} denote the se... | Semi-continuity | 0.779467 |
93,762 | (3) All sublevel sets { x ∈ X: f ( x ) ≤ y } {\displaystyle \{x\in X:f(x)\leq y\}} with y ∈ R {\displaystyle y\in \mathbb {R} } are closed in X {\displaystyle X} . (4) The epigraph { ( x , t ) ∈ X × R: t ≥ f ( x ) } {\displaystyle \{(x,t)\in X\times \mathbb {R} :t\geq f(x)\}} is closed in X × R {\displaystyle X\times \... | Semi-continuity | 0.779467 |
93,763 | The Vallesian crisis indicates a typical extinction and replacement of mammal species in Europe during Tortonian times following climatic upheaval and overland migrations of new species: see Animation: Messinian salinity crisis (and mammal migrations), at right. The almost complete enclosure of the Mediterranean basin ... | Mediterranean Intermediate Water | 0.779467 |
93,764 | Accordingly, Red Sea species invade the Mediterranean biota, and not vice versa; this phenomenon is known as the Lessepsian migration (after Ferdinand de Lesseps, the French engineer) or Erythrean ("red") invasion. The construction of the Aswan High Dam across the Nile River in the 1960s reduced the inflow of freshwate... | Mediterranean Intermediate Water | 0.779467 |
93,765 | Being a semi-enclosed basin, the Mediterranean experiences transitory events that can affect the water circulation on short time scales. In the mid-1990s, the Aegean Sea became the main area for deep water formation in the eastern Mediterranean after particularly cold winter conditions. This transitory switch in the or... | Mediterranean Intermediate Water | 0.779467 |
93,766 | Because of the changes in temperature and salinity, the Mediterranean Sea may become more stratified by the end of the 21st century, with notable consequences on water circulation and biogeochemistry. The stratification and warming have already led to the eastern Mediterranean to become a net source of CO2 to the atmos... | Mediterranean Intermediate Water | 0.779467 |
93,767 | As a consequence, primary productivity is very low between June and October.Oceanographic expeditions uncovered a characteristic feature of the Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry: most of the chlorophyll production does not occur on the surface, but in sub-surface waters between 80 and 200 meters deep. Another key chara... | Mediterranean Intermediate Water | 0.779467 |
93,768 | The central object of study in topological dynamics is a topological dynamical system, i.e. a topological space, together with a continuous transformation, a continuous flow, or more generally, a semigroup of continuous transformations of that space. The origins of topological dynamics lie in the study of asymptotic pr... | Topological dynamical system | 0.779467 |
93,769 | In mathematics, topological dynamics is a branch of the theory of dynamical systems in which qualitative, asymptotic properties of dynamical systems are studied from the viewpoint of general topology. | Topological dynamical system | 0.779467 |
93,770 | In probability theory, a branching random walk is a stochastic process that generalizes both the concept of a random walk and of a branching process. At every generation (a point of discrete time), a branching random walk's value is a set of elements that are located in some linear space, such as the real line. Each el... | Branching random walk | 0.779467 |
93,771 | Urban ecology has the opportunity to be viewed in an interconnected and holistic way, through "Two-Eyed Seeing" and be inclusive of the Traditional Ecological Knowledge held by the local Indigenous Peoples of the area. Urban restoration ecology would be enriched by partnerships with the local Indigenous Peoples, if don... | Urban ecology | 0.779467 |
93,772 | Urban sprawl is one of many ways that Indigenous people's land is taken and developed in cities of the global north, thus the intimate knowledge of the native area (ecology) is often lost due to the effects of colonization or because the land has been majorly altered. Urban development occurs around areas where Indigen... | Urban ecology | 0.779467 |
93,773 | The methods and studies of urban ecology is a subset of ecology. The study of urban ecology carries increasing importance because more than 50% of the world's population today lives in urban areas. It is also estimated that within the next 40 years, two-thirds of the world's population will be living in expanding urban... | Urban ecology | 0.779467 |
93,774 | Urban ecology is the scientific study of the relation of living organisms with each other and their surroundings in an urban environment. An urban environment refers to environments dominated by high-density residential and commercial buildings, paved surfaces, and other urban-related factors that create a unique lands... | Urban ecology | 0.779467 |
93,775 | Forman and Godron's 1986 book Landscape Ecology first distinguished urban settings and landscapes from other landscapes by dividing all landscapes into five broad types. These types were divided by the intensity of human influence ranging from pristine natural environments to urban centers.Early ecologists defined ecol... | Urban ecology | 0.779467 |
93,776 | Historically, ecology has focused on natural environments, but by the 1970s many ecologists began to turn their interest towards ecological interactions taking place in and caused by urban environments. In the nineteenth century, naturalists such as Malthus, De Candolle, Lyell, and Darwin found that competition for res... | Urban ecology | 0.779467 |
93,777 | Humans are the driving force behind urban ecology and influence the environment in a variety of ways - urbanization being a key example. Urbanization is tied to social, economic and environmental processes. There are six core aspects: air pollution, ecosystems, land use, biogeochemical cycles, water pollution, solid wa... | Urban ecology | 0.779466 |
93,778 | It is emitted by burning coal, oil, gas, wood, and other organic material. Another greenhouse gas is methane. it can come from landfill, natural gases, and or petroleum industries. Nitrous oxide accounts for about 6% of the emissions, and can come from fertilizers, manure, burning of agricultural residues, and or fuel.... | Urban ecology | 0.779466 |
93,779 | Throughout the City of Detroit, spatial patterns were detected that could promote structural connectivity. The research performed by Zhang “integrates landscape ecology and graph theory, spatial modeling, and landscape design to develop a methodology for planning multifunctional green infrastructure that fosters social... | Urban ecology | 0.779466 |
93,780 | With the ever-increasing demands for resources necessitated by urbanization, recent campaigns to move toward sustainable energy and resource consumption, such as LEED certification of buildings, Energy Star certified appliances, and zero emission vehicles, have gained momentum. Sustainability reflects techniques and co... | Urban ecology | 0.779466 |
93,781 | Urbanization results in a series of both local and far-reaching effects on biodiversity, biogeochemical cycles, hydrology, and climate, among other stresses. Many of these effects are not fully understood, as urban ecology has only recently emerged as a scientific discipline and more research remains to be done. Resear... | Urban ecology | 0.779466 |
93,782 | Since urban ecology is a subfield of ecology, many of the techniques are similar to that of ecology. Ecological study techniques have been developed over centuries, but many of the techniques use for urban ecology are more recently developed. Methods used for studying urban ecology involve chemical and biochemical tech... | Urban ecology | 0.779466 |
93,783 | Remote sensing is the technique in which data is collected from distant locations through the use of satellite imaging, radar, and aerial photographs. In urban ecology, remote sensing is used to collect data about terrain, weather patterns, light, and vegetation. One application of remote sensing for urban ecology is t... | Urban ecology | 0.779466 |
93,784 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z206 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar ... | Small nucleolar RNA Z206 | 0.779466 |
93,785 | The importance of Tunnell's theorem is that the criterion it gives is testable by a finite calculation. For instance, for a given n {\displaystyle n} , the numbers A n , B n , C n , D n {\displaystyle A_{n},B_{n},C_{n},D_{n}} can be calculated by exhaustively searching through x , y , z {\displaystyle x,y,z} in the ran... | Tunnell's theorem | 0.779465 |
93,786 | The congruent number problem asks which positive integers can be the area of a right triangle with all three sides rational. Tunnell's theorem relates this to the number of integral solutions of a few fairly simple Diophantine equations. | Tunnell's theorem | 0.779465 |
93,787 | The theorem is named for Jerrold B. Tunnell, a number theorist at Rutgers University, who proved it in Tunnell (1983). | Tunnell's theorem | 0.779465 |
93,788 | For a given square-free integer n, define A n = # { ( x , y , z ) ∈ Z 3 ∣ n = 2 x 2 + y 2 + 32 z 2 } , B n = # { ( x , y , z ) ∈ Z 3 ∣ n = 2 x 2 + y 2 + 8 z 2 } , C n = # { ( x , y , z ) ∈ Z 3 ∣ n = 8 x 2 + 2 y 2 + 64 z 2 } , D n = # { ( x , y , z ) ∈ Z 3 ∣ n = 8 x 2 + 2 y 2 + 16 z 2 } . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}... | Tunnell's theorem | 0.779465 |
93,789 | In number theory, Tunnell's theorem gives a partial resolution to the congruent number problem, and under the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, a full resolution. | Tunnell's theorem | 0.779465 |
93,790 | The Bucherer reaction in organic chemistry is the reversible conversion of a naphthol to a naphthylamine in the presence of ammonia and sodium bisulfite. The reaction is widely used in the synthesis of dye precursors aminonaphthalenesulfonic acids. C10H7-2-OH + NH3 ⇌ C10H7-2-NH2 + H2OThe French chemist Robert Lepetit w... | Bucherer reaction | 0.779464 |
93,791 | Statistics, Trade-Offs, and Society. This chapter addresses trade-offs in public policy, the prisoners dilemma, and type I and type II errors in statistics (when a true hypothesis is thought to be untrue, or when a false hypothesis is thought to be true). Polling confidence interval is addressed, along with the law of ... | Innumeracy (book) | 0.779462 |
93,792 | The problems of innumeracy come at a great cost to society. Topics include probability and coincidence, innumeracy in pseudoscience, statistics, and trade-offs in society. For example, the danger of getting killed in a car accident is much greater than terrorism and this danger should be reflected in how we allocate ou... | Innumeracy (book) | 0.779462 |
93,793 | The breeding biology of the painted-snipes varies according to genus; the Rostratula painted-snipes are generally polyandrous whereas the South American painted-snipe is monogamous. The females of the genus Rostratula will bond with several males during a breeding season, but once the eggs are laid the males provide al... | Painted snipe | 0.779459 |
93,794 | AI Bridging Cloud Infrastructure (ABCI) is a planned supercomputer being built at the University of Tokyo for use in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. It is being built by Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. ABCI is expected to be completed in first quar... | AI Bridging Cloud Infrastructure | 0.779459 |
93,795 | The design of the ABCI is to be focused on low precision floating point, big data, and artificial intelligence applications; rather than Linpack performance. | AI Bridging Cloud Infrastructure | 0.779459 |
93,796 | In topology and other branches of mathematics, a topological space X is locally connected if every point admits a neighbourhood basis consisting entirely of open, connected sets. | Locally connected topological space | 0.779453 |
93,797 | Let a 1 , … , a r ∈ C {\displaystyle a_{1},\dots ,a_{r}\in \mathbb {C} } be the r {\displaystyle r} regular singularities in the finite part of the complex plane of the linear differential equation L f := d n f d z n + q 1 d n − 1 f d z n − 1 + ⋯ + q n − 1 d f d z + q n f {\displaystyle Lf:={\frac {d^{n}f}{dz^{n}}}+q_{... | Fuchs relation | 0.779452 |
93,798 | In mathematics, the Fuchs relation is a relation between the starting exponents of formal series solutions of certain linear differential equations, so called Fuchsian equations. It is named after Lazarus Immanuel Fuchs. | Fuchs relation | 0.779452 |
93,799 | There exist a non-causal Itô formula,: 250 a non-causal integration by parts formula and a non-causal Girsanov theorem. The Ogawa integral for multidimensional Wiener processes was studied in (). | Ogawa integral | 0.779451 |
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