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96,400 | Taxonomy for search engines refers to classification methods that improve relevance in vertical search. Taxonomies of entities are tree structures whose nodes are labelled with entities likely to occur in a web search query. Searches use these trees to match keywords from a search query to keywords from answers (or sni... | Taxonomy for search engines | 0.778281 |
96,401 | In mathematics, a Lie-* algebra is a D-module with a Lie* bracket. They were introduced by Alexander Beilinson and Vladimir Drinfeld (Beilinson & Drinfeld (2004, section 2.5.3)), and are similar to the conformal algebras discussed by Kac (1998) and to vertex Lie algebras. | Lie-* algebra | 0.778278 |
96,402 | There exists several different definitions of a homotopy Lie algebra, some particularly suited to certain situations more than others. The most traditional definition is via symmetric multi-linear maps, but there also exists a more succinct geometric definition using the language of formal geometry. Here the blanket as... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,403 | A morphism of homotopy Lie algebras is said to be a (quasi) isomorphism if its linear component f: V → W {\displaystyle f\colon V\to W} is a (quasi) isomorphism, where the differentials of V {\displaystyle V} and W {\displaystyle W} are just the linear components of m V {\displaystyle m_{V}} and m W {\displaystyle m_{W... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,404 | arXiv:math/0602653. doi:10.2140/agt.2010.10.1455. MR 2661534. S2CID 17829444. (Lie algebras in the derived category of coherent sheaves.) | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,405 | Roberts, Justin; Willerton, Simon (2010). "On the Rozansky–Witten weight systems". Algebraic & Geometric Topology. 10 (3): 1455–1519. | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,406 | One of the approachable classes of examples of L ∞ {\displaystyle L_{\infty }} -algebras come from the embedding of differential graded Lie algebras into the category of L ∞ {\displaystyle L_{\infty }} -algebras. This can be described by l 1 {\displaystyle l_{1}} giving the derivation, l 2 {\displaystyle l_{2}} the Lie... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,407 | There also exists a more abstract definition of a homotopy algebra using the theory of operads: that is, a homotopy Lie algebra is an algebra over an operad in the category of chain complexes over the L ∞ {\displaystyle L_{\infty }} operad. | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,408 | The above formula have meaningful interpretations for low values of n {\displaystyle n} ; for instance, when n = 1 {\displaystyle n=1} it is saying that l 1 {\displaystyle l_{1}} squares to zero (i.e., it is a differential on V {\displaystyle V} ), when n = 2 {\displaystyle n=2} it is saying that l 1 {\displaystyle l_{... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,409 | The more traditional definition of a homotopy Lie algebra is through an infinite collection of symmetric multi-linear maps that is sometimes referred to as the definition via higher brackets. It should be stated that the two definitions are equivalent. A homotopy Lie algebra on a graded vector space V = ⨁ V i {\display... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,410 | Deformation Theory (lecture notes) - gives an excellent overview of homotopy Lie algebras and their relation to deformation theory and deformation quantization Lada, Tom; Stasheff, Jim (1993). "Introduction to sh Lie algebras for physicists". International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 32 (7): 1087–1104. | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,411 | Because L ∞ {\displaystyle L_{\infty }} -algebras have such a complex structure describing even simple cases can be a non-trivial task in most cases. Fortunately, there are the simple cases coming from differential graded Lie algebras and cases coming from finite dimensional examples. | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,412 | Hohm, Olaf; Zwiebach, Barton (2017). "L∞ Algebras and Field Theory". Fortschr. | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,413 | Arvanitakis, Alex S. (2019). "The L∞-algebra of the S-matrix". arXiv:1903.05643 . | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,414 | A homotopy Lie algebra on a graded vector space V = ⨁ V i {\displaystyle V=\bigoplus V_{i}} is a continuous derivation, m {\displaystyle m} , of order > 1 {\displaystyle >1} that squares to zero on the formal manifold S ^ Σ V ∗ {\displaystyle {\hat {S}}\Sigma V^{*}} . Here S ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {S}}} is the complete... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,415 | Pridham, Jonathan P. (2015). "Derived deformations of Artin stacks". Communications in Analysis and Geometry. | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,416 | One simple example of a Lie-2 algebra is given by the L ∞ {\displaystyle L_{\infty }} -algebra with V 0 = ( R 3 , × ) {\displaystyle V_{0}=(\mathbb {R} ^{3},\times )} where × {\displaystyle \times } is the cross-product of vectors and V 1 = R {\displaystyle V_{1}=\mathbb {R} } is the trivial representation. Then, there... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,417 | In fact, some authors write the maps l n {\displaystyle l_{n}} as n: V ∙ → V ∙ {\displaystyle _{n}:V_{\bullet }\to V_{\bullet }} , so the previous equation could be read as d 3 = − , c ] + , b ] + ] {\displaystyle d_{3}=-,c]+,b]+]} ,showing that the differential of the 3-bracket gives the failure for the 2-bracket... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,418 | One notable class of examples are L ∞ {\displaystyle L_{\infty }} -algebras which only have two nonzero underlying vector spaces V 0 , V 1 {\displaystyle V_{0},V_{1}} . Then, cranking out the definition for L ∞ {\displaystyle L_{\infty }} -algebras this means there is a linear map d: V 1 → V 0 {\displaystyle d\colon V_... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,419 | For the case of term term L ∞ {\displaystyle L_{\infty }} -algebras in degrees 0 {\displaystyle 0} and 1 {\displaystyle 1} there is a similar relation between Lie algebra cocycles and such higher brackets. Upon first inspection, it's not an obvious results, but it becomes clear after looking at the homology complex H ∗... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,420 | In this case, for n ≥ 2 {\displaystyle n\geq 2} , there is no differential, so V 0 {\displaystyle V_{0}} is a Lie algebra on the nose, but, there is the extra data of a vector space V n {\displaystyle V_{n}} in degree n {\displaystyle n} and a higher bracket l n + 2: ⨁ n + 2 V 0 → V n . {\displaystyle l_{n+2}\colon \bi... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,421 | In mathematics, in particular abstract algebra and topology, a homotopy Lie algebra (or L ∞ {\displaystyle L_{\infty }} -algebra) is a generalisation of the concept of a differential graded Lie algebra. To be a little more specific, the Jacobi identity only holds up to homotopy. Therefore, a differential graded Lie alg... | Homotopy Lie algebra | 0.778276 |
96,422 | Now, to prove Tennenbaum's theorem, begin with a nonstandard countable model M and an element a in M so that S = N ∩ S a {\displaystyle S=\mathbb {N} \cap S_{a}} is nonrecursive. The proof method shows that, because of the way the standard system is defined, it is possible to compute the characteristic function of the ... | Tennenbaum's theorem | 0.778275 |
96,423 | The standard system of the model is the collection { S x ∩ N: x ∈ M } {\displaystyle \{S_{x}\cap \mathbb {N} :x\in M\}} . It can be shown that the standard system of any nonstandard model of PA contains a nonrecursive set, either by appealing to the incompleteness theorem or by directly considering a pair of recursivel... | Tennenbaum's theorem | 0.778275 |
96,424 | Tennenbaum's theorem, named for Stanley Tennenbaum who presented the theorem in 1959, is a result in mathematical logic that states that no countable nonstandard model of first-order Peano arithmetic (PA) can be recursive (Kaye 1991:153ff). | Tennenbaum's theorem | 0.778275 |
96,425 | Tennenbaum's theorem states that no countable nonstandard model of PA is recursive. Moreover, neither the addition nor the multiplication of such a model can be recursive. | Tennenbaum's theorem | 0.778275 |
96,426 | Algebraists have defined structures more general than rings by weakening or dropping some of ring axioms. | Ring of functions | 0.778273 |
96,427 | It is a subring of the ring of all algebraic integers. The ring of profinite integers Z ^ , {\displaystyle {\widehat {\mathbb {Z} }},} the (infinite) product of the rings of p-adic integers Z p {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{p}} over all prime numbers p. The Hecke ring, the ring generated by Hecke operators. If S is a se... | Ring of functions | 0.778273 |
96,428 | The prototypical example is the ring of integers with the two operations of addition and multiplication. The rational, real and complex numbers are commutative rings of a type called fields. A unital associative algebra over a commutative ring R is itself a ring as well as an R-module. Some examples: The algebra R of p... | Ring of functions | 0.778273 |
96,429 | Using this and denoting repeated addition by a multiplication by a positive integer allows identifying abelian groups with modules over the ring of integers. Any ring homomorphism induces a structure of a module: if f: R → S is a ring homomorphism, then S is a left module over R by the multiplication: rs = f(r)s. If R ... | Ring of functions | 0.778273 |
96,430 | Like many metal carbonyls, W(CO)6 is generally prepared by "reductive carbonylation", which involves the reduction of a metal halide with under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide. As described in a 2023 survey of methods "most cost-effective routes for the synthesis of group 6 hexacarbonyls are based on the reduction of ... | Tungsten hexacarbonyl | 0.778271 |
96,431 | {\displaystyle \sum _{k=m+1}^{n}f(k)(g_{k}-g_{k-1})=\left(f(n)g_{n}-f(m)g_{m}\right)-\int _{m}^{n}g_{\lfloor t\rfloor }f'(t)dt.} An alternative statement is f n g n − f m g m = ∑ k = m n − 1 f k Δ g k + ∑ k = m n − 1 g k Δ f k + ∑ k = m n − 1 Δ f k Δ g k {\displaystyle f_{n}g_{n}-f_{m}g_{m}=\sum _{k=m}^{n-1}f_{k}\Delta... | Summation by parts | 0.77827 |
96,432 | The key mathematical object at the heart of tropical cryptography is the tropical semiring ( R ∪ { ∞ } , ⊕ , ⊗ ) {\displaystyle (\mathbb {R} \cup \{\infty \},\oplus ,\otimes )} (also known as the min-plus algebra), or a generalization thereof. The operations are defined as follows for x , y ∈ R ∪ { ∞ } {\displaystyle x... | Tropical cryptography | 0.778268 |
96,433 | In tropical analysis, tropical cryptography refers to the study of a class of cryptographic protocols built upon tropical algebras. In many cases, tropical cryptographic schemes have arisen from adapting classical (non-tropical) schemes to instead rely on tropical algebras. The case for the use of tropical algebras in ... | Tropical cryptography | 0.778268 |
96,434 | Tensions between the multinational technology company Google and its workers escalated in 2018 and 2019 as staff protested company decisions on a censored search engine for China, a military drone artificial intelligence, and internal sexual harassment. | Google worker organization | 0.778265 |
96,435 | There is a natural connection between particle physics and representation theory, as first noted in the 1930s by Eugene Wigner. It links the properties of elementary particles to the structure of Lie groups and Lie algebras. According to this connection, the different quantum states of an elementary particle give rise ... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,436 | An example in which Bargmann's theorem does not apply comes from a quantum particle moving in R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} . The group of translational symmetries of the associated phase space, R 2 n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2n}} , is the commutative group R 2 n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2n}} . In the us... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,437 | Therefore, the transformations move the pions around a three-dimensional space of quantum states. The pions are called an "isospin triplet", mathematically analogous to how a spin-1 particle behaves under ordinary rotation. These transformations have no effect at all on an electron, because it contains neither up nor d... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,438 | An example from the real world is isospin symmetry, an SU(2) group corresponding to the similarity between up quarks and down quarks. This is an approximate symmetry: while up and down quarks are identical in how they interact under the strong force, they have different masses and different electroweak interactions. Ma... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,439 | The representations of the SU(2) are then in one-to-one correspondence with the representations of its Lie algebra su(2), which is isomorphic to the Lie algebra so(3) of SO(3). Thus, to summarize, the irreducible projective representations of SO(3) are in one-to-one correspondence with the irreducible ordinary represen... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,440 | In those cases, computing at the Lie algebra level is appropriate. This is the case, notably, for studying the irreducible projective representations of the rotation group SO(3). These are in one-to-one correspondence with the ordinary representations of the universal cover SU(2) of SO(3). | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,441 | Many (but not all) symmetries or approximate symmetries form Lie groups. Rather than study the representation theory of these Lie groups, it is often preferable to study the closely related representation theory of the corresponding Lie algebras, which are usually simpler to compute. Now, representations of the Lie alg... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,442 | Fortunately, in the crucial case of the Poincaré group, Bargmann's theorem applies. (See Wigner's classification of the representations of the universal cover of the Poincaré group.) The requirement referred to above is that the Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} does not admit a nontrivial one-dimensional c... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,443 | Actually, if H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} is finite dimensional, then regardless of the group G {\displaystyle G} , every projective unitary representation of G {\displaystyle G} comes from an ordinary unitary representation of G ~ {\displaystyle {\tilde {G}}} . If H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} is infinite dimen... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,444 | It is important physically that in general U ( ⋅ ) {\displaystyle U(\cdot )} does not have to be an ordinary representation of G {\displaystyle G} ; it may not be possible to choose the phase factors in the definition of U ( g ) {\displaystyle U(g)} to eliminate the phase factors in their composition law. An electron, ... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,445 | Isospin symmetry can be generalized to flavour symmetry, an SU(3) group corresponding to the similarity between up quarks, down quarks, and strange quarks. This is, again, an approximate symmetry, violated by quark mass differences and electroweak interactions—in fact, it is a poorer approximation than isospin, because... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,446 | More specifically, if g {\displaystyle g} is some symmetry of the system (say, rotation about the x-axis by 12°), then the corresponding transformation V ( g ) {\displaystyle V(g)} of P H {\displaystyle \mathrm {P} {\mathcal {H}}} is a map on ray space. For example, when rotating a stationary (zero momentum) spin-5 par... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,447 | In quantum mechanics, any particular one-particle state is represented as a vector in a Hilbert space H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} . To help understand what types of particles can exist, it is important to classify the possibilities for H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}} allowed by symmetries, and their properties. L... | Particle physics and representation theory | 0.778265 |
96,448 | The conscience clause is widely invoked in Catholic universities, hospitals, and agencies because the Catholic Church opposes abortion, contraceptives, sterilization, and embryonic stem cell treatments. Opponents of related FOCA legislation have interpreted the possible end of the conscience clause as a demand to eithe... | Conscience clause in medicine in the United States | 0.778261 |
96,449 | From 1980–1987, he was an assistant professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University in the computer systems laboratory. There he was a recipient of the Presidential Young Investigator Award in 1984, working along with other new faculty such as John L. Hennessy, David R. Cheriton, and Mark Horowitz. Along wit... | Brian Reid (computer scientist) | 0.778261 |
96,450 | Reid received his B.S. in physics from the University of Maryland, College Park in 1970, and then worked in industry for five years before entering graduate school at Carnegie Mellon University, where he was awarded a PhD in computer science in 1980. His dissertation research developed the Scribe word processing system... | Brian Reid (computer scientist) | 0.778261 |
96,451 | If the operator designs the part as it functions, the parametric modeler is able to make changes to the part while maintaining geometric and functional relationships. Direct or explicit modeling provide the ability to edit geometry without a history tree With direct modeling, once a sketch is used to create geometry th... | CAD software | 0.778259 |
96,452 | Supply chain optimization Inventory management software Automatic identification and data capture List of Israeli companies quoted on the Nasdaq == References == | B.O.S. Better Online Solutions | 0.778258 |
96,453 | In 2015, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology released an open-source simulator named "OpenSGX".One example of SGX used in security was a demo application from wolfSSL using it for cryptography algorithms. Intel Goldmont Plus (Gemini Lake) microarchitecture also contains support for Intel SGX.Both in the ... | Intel SGX | 0.778257 |
96,454 | In the usual formulation of quantum steering, two distant parties, Alice and Bob, are considered, they share an unknown quantum state ρ {\displaystyle \rho } with induced states ρ A {\displaystyle \rho _{A}} and ρ B {\displaystyle \rho _{B}} for Alice and Bob respectively. Alice and Bob can both perform local measureme... | Quantum steering | 0.778256 |
96,455 | In physics, in the area of quantum information theory and quantum computation, quantum steering is a special kind of nonlocal correlation, which is intermediate between Bell nonlocality and quantum entanglement. A state exhibiting Bell nonlocality must also exhibit quantum steering, a state exhibiting quantum steering ... | Quantum steering | 0.778256 |
96,456 | Since 2014 TAE Technologies has worked with Google to develop a process to analyze the data collected on plasma behavior in fusion reactors. In 2017, using a machine learning tool developed through the partnership and based on the "Optometrist Algorithm", it found significant improvements in plasma containment and stab... | TAE Technologies | 0.778255 |
96,457 | The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, built a powerful plasma injector, shipped in late 2013 to the company's research facility. The device produces a neutral beam in the range of 5 to 20 MW, and injects energy inside the reactor to transfer it to the fusion plasma. | TAE Technologies | 0.778255 |
96,458 | TAE's technology was co-founded by physicist Norman Rostoker, as a spin-out of his work at the University of California, Irvine. Steven Specker, former CEO of the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), was CEO from October 2016 to July 2018. Michl Binderbauer, who earned his PhD. in plasma physics under the guidan... | TAE Technologies | 0.778255 |
96,459 | TAE Technologies, formerly Tri Alpha Energy, is an American company based in Foothill Ranch, California developing aneutronic fusion power. The company's design relies on an advanced beam-driven field-reversed configuration (FRC), which combines features from accelerator physics and other fusion concepts in a unique fa... | TAE Technologies | 0.778255 |
96,460 | The TAE design forms a field-reversed configuration (FRC), a self-stabilized rotating toroid of particles similar to a smoke ring. In the TAE system, the ring is made as thin as possible, about the same aspect ratio as an opened tin can. Particle accelerators inject fuel ions tangentially to the surface of the cylinder... | TAE Technologies | 0.778255 |
96,461 | In mathematics, the Demazure conjecture is a conjecture about representations of algebraic groups over the integers made by Demazure (1974, p. 83). The conjecture implies that many of the results of his paper can be extended from complex algebraic groups to algebraic groups over fields of other characteristics or over ... | Demazure conjecture | 0.778255 |
96,462 | {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {so}}.} The Satake diagram of a compact Lie algebra is the Dynkin diagram of the complex Lie algebra with all vertices blackened. Compact Lie algebras are opposite to split real Lie algebras among real forms, split Lie algebras being "as far as possible" from being compact. | Compact Lie algebra | 0.778253 |
96,463 | Thus relative to this inner product, Ad(G) acts by orthogonal transformations ( SO ( g ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {SO} ({\mathfrak {g}})} ) and ad g {\displaystyle \operatorname {ad} \ {\mathfrak {g}}} acts by skew-symmetric matrices ( s o ( g ) {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {so}}({\mathfrak {g}})} ). It is possibl... | Compact Lie algebra | 0.778253 |
96,464 | Compact Lie algebras are reductive; note that the analogous result is true for compact groups in general. The Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} for the compact Lie group G admits an Ad(G)-invariant inner product,. Conversely, if g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} admits an Ad-invariant inner product, then g ... | Compact Lie algebra | 0.778253 |
96,465 | Formally, one may define a compact Lie algebra either as the Lie algebra of a compact Lie group, or as a real Lie algebra whose Killing form is negative definite. These definitions do not quite agree: The Killing form on the Lie algebra of a compact Lie group is negative semidefinite, not negative definite in general. ... | Compact Lie algebra | 0.778253 |
96,466 | The compact Lie algebras are classified and named according to the compact real forms of the complex semisimple Lie algebras. These are: A n: {\displaystyle A_{n}:} s u n + 1 , {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {su}}_{n+1},} corresponding to the special unitary group (properly, the compact form is PSU, the projective special u... | Compact Lie algebra | 0.778253 |
96,467 | {\displaystyle \operatorname {Sp} (2)\cong \operatorname {Spin} (5).} For n = 3 , {\displaystyle n=3,} the isomorphism s u 4 ≅ s o 6 {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {su}}_{4}\cong {\mathfrak {so}}_{6}} corresponds to the isomorphisms of diagrams A 3 ≅ D 3 , {\displaystyle A_{3}\cong D_{3},} and the corresponding isomorphism ... | Compact Lie algebra | 0.778253 |
96,468 | In the mathematical field of Lie theory, there are two definitions of a compact Lie algebra. Extrinsically and topologically, a compact Lie algebra is the Lie algebra of a compact Lie group; this definition includes tori. Intrinsically and algebraically, a compact Lie algebra is a real Lie algebra whose Killing form is... | Compact Lie algebra | 0.778253 |
96,469 | Stated objectives include a search for extra-solar planets using gravitational microlensing, along with probing the chronology of the universe and growth of cosmic structure, with the end goal of measuring the effects of dark energy, the consistency of general relativity, and the curvature of spacetime. Roman was recom... | Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope | 0.778253 |
96,470 | On 2 March 2020, NASA announced that it had approved WFIRST to proceed to implementation, with an expected development cost of US$3.2 billion and a maximum total cost of US$3.934 billion, including the coronagraph and five years of mission science operations.On 20 May 2020, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine announced ... | Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope | 0.778253 |
96,471 | Finally, because atmospheric movements can cause the dispersion of the shielding gas around the weld, welding processes that require shielding gases are often only done indoors, where the environment is stable and atmospheric gases can be effectively prevented from entering the weld area. The desirable rate of gas flow... | Shield gas | 0.778252 |
96,472 | The neural basis of self is the idea of using modern concepts of neuroscience to describe and understand the biological processes that underlie humans' perception of self-understanding. The neural basis of self is closely related to the psychology of self with a deeper foundation in neurobiology. | Neural basis of self | 0.77825 |
96,473 | There is neurobiological evidence supporting these two definitions of self-construal styles. fMRI data has been used to understand the biology of both the individualistic and collectivistic view of self. | Neural basis of self | 0.77825 |
96,474 | Organoiodine compounds have been fundamental in the development of organic synthesis, such as in the Hofmann elimination of amines, the Williamson ether synthesis, the Wurtz coupling reaction, and in Grignard reagents.The carbon–iodine bond is a common functional group that forms part of core organic chemistry; formall... | Iodine | 0.778249 |
96,475 | About half of all produced iodine goes into various organoiodine compounds, another 15% remains as the pure element, another 15% is used to form potassium iodide, and another 15% for other inorganic iodine compounds. Among the major uses of iodine compounds are catalysts, animal feed supplements, stabilisers, dyes, col... | Iodine | 0.778249 |
96,476 | A Multimedia database (MMDB) is a collection of related for multimedia data. The multimedia data include one or more primary media data types such as text, images, graphic objects (including drawings, sketches and illustrations) animation sequences, audio and video. A Multimedia Database Management System (MMDBMS) is a... | Multimedia database | 0.778249 |
96,477 | One way to reduce the complexity of computation is to adopt the concept of Fourier slice theorem: The photography operator P α {\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}_{\alpha }\left} can be viewed as a shear followed by projection. The result should be proportional to a dilated 2-D slice of the 4-D Fourier transform of a light ... | Plenoptic illumination function | 0.778249 |
96,478 | The Local Sheet in astronomy is a nearby extragalactic region of space where the Milky Way, the members of the Local Group and other galaxies share a similar peculiar velocity. This region lies within a radius of about 7 Mpc (23 Mly), 0.46 Mpc (1.5 Mly) thick, and galaxies beyond that distance show markedly different v... | Local Sheet | 0.778248 |
96,479 | Pipedream is a software framework for malicious code targeting programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and industrial control systems (ICS). First publicly disclosed in 2022, it has been described as a "Swiss Army knife" for hacking. It is believed to have been developed by state-level Advanced Persistent Threat actors.T... | Pipedream (toolkit) | 0.778248 |
96,480 | In theoretical physics, when Albert Einstein originally tried to produce a general theory of relativity, he found that the theory seemed to predict the gravitational collapse of the universe: it seemed that the universe should either be expanding or collapsing, and to produce a model in which the universe was static an... | Fudge factor | 0.778246 |
96,481 | Slices In-vitro imaging: standard light and electron microscopy Histochemistry Immunocytochemistry Receptor autoradiography Lesions Destructive Reversible Cryolesions Pharmacological | Apical dendrite | 0.778244 |
96,482 | In mathematics, the Farrell–Jones conjecture, named after F. Thomas Farrell and Lowell E. Jones, states that certain assembly maps are isomorphisms. These maps are given as certain homomorphisms. The motivation is the interest in the target of the assembly maps; this may be, for instance, the algebraic K-theory of a gr... | Farrell-Jones conjecture | 0.778243 |
96,483 | Optics is part of everyday life. The ubiquity of visual systems in biology indicates the central role optics plays as the science of one of the five senses. Many people benefit from eyeglasses or contact lenses, and optics are integral to the functioning of many consumer goods including cameras. Rainbows and mirages ar... | Optical device | 0.778241 |
96,484 | In 1913, Niels Bohr showed that atoms could only emit discrete amounts of energy, thus explaining the discrete lines seen in emission and absorption spectra. The understanding of the interaction between light and matter that followed from these developments not only formed the basis of quantum optics but also was cruci... | Optical device | 0.778241 |
96,485 | Hooke himself publicly criticised Newton's theories of light and the feud between the two lasted until Hooke's death. In 1704, Newton published Opticks and, at the time, partly because of his success in other areas of physics, he was generally considered to be the victor in the debate over the nature of light.Newtonian... | Optical device | 0.778241 |
96,486 | Alhazen's work was largely ignored in the Arabic world but it was anonymously translated into Latin around 1200 A.D. and further summarised and expanded on by the Polish monk Witelo making it a standard text on optics in Europe for the next 400 years.In the 13th century in medieval Europe, English bishop Robert Grosset... | Optical device | 0.778241 |
96,487 | He also commented on the parity reversal of mirrors in Timaeus. Some hundred years later, Euclid (4th–3rd century BC) wrote a treatise entitled Optics where he linked vision to geometry, creating geometrical optics. He based his work on Plato's emission theory wherein he described the mathematical rules of perspective ... | Optical device | 0.778241 |
96,488 | Starting from 2018, after being declared as a deemed university by MHRD, for academic purposes, departments and centres in the Institute are broadly assigned to six major schools, each headed by a Chairperson (School Chair): School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences (SAIS) School of Biological Sciences (SBS) Sch... | Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science | 0.778241 |
96,489 | Nobel laureate Sir C. V. Raman conducted his work on the Raman effect in this institute. His work was first published in the Indian Journal of Physics, which is published by IACS.At the university, Debashis Mukherjee developed the Mk-MRCC method to account for electron correlations in molecular systems. Another importa... | Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science | 0.778241 |
96,490 | Indian Journal of Physics was founded in 1926. It is published monthly. Springer distributes print version of the Journal worldwide. The present chief editor of the journal is Prof. Subham Majumdar, who is a senior professor in the School of Physical Sciences, IACS. | Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science | 0.778241 |
96,491 | Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) is a public, deemed, research university for higher education and research in basic sciences under the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India. Established on 29 July 1876 by Mahendralal Sarkar, a private medical practitioner, it focuses on fundam... | Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science | 0.778241 |
96,492 | A small proportion of light scattering from atoms or molecules may undergo Raman scattering, wherein the frequency changes due to excitation of the atoms and molecules. Brillouin scattering occurs when the frequency of light changes due to local changes with time and movements of a dense material.Dispersion occurs when... | Optical device | 0.778241 |
96,493 | The scattered light produces the brightness and colour in clear skies. This partial polarization of scattered light can be taken advantage of using polarizing filters to darken the sky in photographs. Optical polarization is principally of importance in chemistry due to circular dichroism and optical rotation ("circula... | Optical device | 0.778241 |
96,494 | Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL) or the Lyon Institute of Nanotechnology is a fundamental and applied research laboratory in the field of micro- and nano-technology based in Lyon, France. Its mission is to conduct research towards the development of full-fledged technologies for a broad range of application ... | Institut des nanotechnologies de Lyon | 0.77824 |
96,495 | A failed supernova is an astronomical event in time domain astronomy in which a star suddenly brightens as in the early stage of a supernova, but then does not increase to the massive flux of a supernova. They could be counted as a subcategory of supernova imposters. They have sometimes misleadingly been called unnovae... | Failed supernova | 0.778238 |
96,496 | The precursor mixture of powders and space-holders are compacted into a mold under a specified pressure. This can be achieved through uniaxial or isostatic processes. The pores resulting from this method are open and interconnected via windows between neighboring pores with the size of the pores partially dependent upo... | Titanium foam | 0.778235 |
96,497 | Gibson & Ashby micromechanical models for porous materials provide mathematical equations for the prediction of mechanical parameters based on experimentally determined geometric constants. The constants of proportionality are determined by fitting experimental data to various mathematical models for structures consist... | Titanium foam | 0.778235 |
96,498 | Titanium foams are characterized structurally by their pore topology (relative percentage of open vs. closed pores), porosity (the multiplicative inverse of relative density), pore size and shape, and anisotropy. Microstructures are most often examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray tomog... | Titanium foam | 0.778235 |
96,499 | Anisotropic, elongated pores (such as those attainable via the freeze-casting technique) may be beneficial in bone implants in that they can further mimic the structure of bone. The porous surface geometry of the foam promotes bone in-growth, provides anchorage for fixation, and ensures stresses are transferred from th... | Titanium foam | 0.778235 |
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