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99,100 | During 1957, the American astronomer Merle A. Tuve from the Carnegie Institution of Washington, motivated by the recent discoveries made by Harold Irving Ewen and Edward Mills Purcell at Harvard of the HI emission from the Galaxy, decided to extend the radio astronomical activity to the Southern Hemisphere. In order to... | Argentine Institute of Radio Astronomy | 0.776989 |
99,101 | The institute is a major center for astronomical research, technological development and technology transfer. Research topics include high-energy astrophysics and compact objects, gravitation and numerical relativity, interstellar medium, planetary science, pulsar astronomy, massive stars, and machine learning with app... | Argentine Institute of Radio Astronomy | 0.776989 |
99,102 | The Argentine Institute of Radio Astronomy (IAR) was created in 1962 through an agreement between the scientific agencies CONICET and CIC, and the universities of La Plata (National University of La Plata) and Buenos Aires (University of Buenos Aires). Its functions are to promote and coordinate the research and techni... | Argentine Institute of Radio Astronomy | 0.776989 |
99,103 | The phase equaliser based on T topology is the unbalanced equivalent of the lattice filter and has the same phase response. While the circuit diagram may look like a low pass filter it is different in that the two inductor branches are mutually coupled. This results in transformer action between the two inductors and a... | All-pass filter | 0.776989 |
99,104 | The bridged T topology is used for delay equalisation, particularly the differential delay between two landlines being used for stereophonic sound broadcasts. This application requires that the filter has a linear phase response with frequency (i.e., constant group delay) over a wide bandwidth and is the reason for cho... | All-pass filter | 0.776989 |
99,105 | SPIR-V's binary representation also offers some degree of obfuscation, which might appeal to some software vendors as a form of intellectual property protection; however, SPIR-V contains ample information for reflection and tools exist that translate SPIR-V back into high quality, human readable high level code. A UMD ... | Mesa 3D | 0.776988 |
99,106 | SPIR-V is a certain version of the Standard Portable Intermediate Representation. The idea is, that graphics applications output SPIR-V instead of GLSL. In contrast to the latter, SPIR-V is binary to avoid implementation differences between GLSL compiler frontends of different driver implementations, as this has been a... | Mesa 3D | 0.776988 |
99,107 | One goal of Mesa is the optimization of code that is to be executed by the respective GPU. Another is the sharing of code. Instead of documenting the pieces of software, this article shall instead look at the Intermediate Representations used in the process of compiling and optimizing. See Abstract syntax tree (AST) an... | Mesa 3D | 0.776988 |
99,108 | shader-db is a collection of about 20,000 shaders gathered from various computer games and benchmarks as well as some scripts to compile these and collect some statistics. Shader-db is intended to help validate an optimization. It was noticed that an unexpected number of shaders are not hand-written but generated. This... | Mesa 3D | 0.776988 |
99,109 | Tungsten Graphics Shader Infrastructure (TGSI) is an Intermediate representation like LLVM Intermediate Representation or the new Standard Portable Intermediate Representation (SPIR) to be used by the Vulkan API and OpenCL 2.1. Shaders written in OpenGL Shading Language are to be translated/compiled into TGSI, then opt... | Mesa 3D | 0.776988 |
99,110 | The UMDs radeonsi and llvmpipe do not output machine code, but instead LLVM IR. From here on, LLVM does optimizations and the compilation to machine code. This does mean, that a certain minimum version of LLVM has to be installed as well. | Mesa 3D | 0.776988 |
99,111 | The EUROfusion consortium agreement has been signed by 30 research organisations and universities from 25 European Union countries plus Switzerland, Ukraine and the United Kingdom. The EUROfusion's Programme Management Unit offices located in Garching, near Munich (Germany), are hosted by the Max Planck Institute of Pl... | EUROfusion | 0.776986 |
99,112 | Any time translation in quantum mechanics is generated by the Hamiltonian operator. For a detector coupled to modes with a definite frequency in σ, we can treat σ as "time" and the boost operator is then the corresponding Hamiltonian. In Euclidean field theory, where the minus sign in front of the time in the Rindler m... | Unruh effect | 0.776985 |
99,113 | Urban computing uses many of the paradigms introduced by ubiquitous computing in that collections of devices are used to gather data about the urban environment to help improve the quality of life for people affected by cities. What further differentiates urban computing from traditional remote sensing networks is the ... | Urban computing | 0.776983 |
99,114 | Urban computing is an interdisciplinary field which pertains to the study and application of computing technology in urban areas. This involves the application of wireless networks, sensors, computational power, and data to improve the quality of densely populated areas. Urban computing is the technological framework f... | Urban computing | 0.776983 |
99,115 | It uses historical and real-time air data, meteorology, traffic flow, human mobility, road networks, and points of interest, which are fed to artificial neural networks and conditional random fields to be processed. Their model is a significant improvement over previous models of citywide air quality.Chet et al. develo... | Urban computing | 0.776983 |
99,116 | Various ways of adding more sensors to the cityscape have been researched, including Copenhagen wheels (sensors mounted on bike wheels and powered by the rider) and car-based sensors. While these work for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, aerosol measurement stations aren’t portable enough to move around.There are al... | Urban computing | 0.776983 |
99,117 | This discovery spurred a collaboration between the CDC and Google to create a map of predicted flu outbreaks based on this data.Urban computing can also be used to track and predict pollution in certain areas. Research involving the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) and conditional random fields (CRF) has shown t... | Urban computing | 0.776983 |
99,118 | Saks' research in computational complexity theory, combinatorics, and graph theory has contributed to the study of lower bounds in order theory, randomized computation, and space–time tradeoff. In 1984, Saks and Jeff Kahn showed that there exist a tight information-theoretical lower bound for sorting under partially or... | Michael Saks (mathematician) | 0.77698 |
99,119 | Saks holds positions in the following journal editorial boards: SIAM Journal on Computing, Associate Editor Combinatorica, Editorial Board member Journal of Graph Theory, Editorial Board member Discrete Applied Mathematics, Editorial Board member | Michael Saks (mathematician) | 0.77698 |
99,120 | The discovery of the ELIZA effect was an important development in artificial intelligence, demonstrating the principle of using social engineering rather than explicit programming to pass a Turing test.ELIZA convinced some users into thinking that a machine was human. This shift in human-machine interaction marked prog... | ELIZA effect | 0.77698 |
99,121 | The chemistry of the groundwater in eastern Central Greece (central Euboea and the Asopos valley) revealed high concentrations of hexavalent chromium in groundwater systems sometimes exceeding the Greek and the EU drinking water maximum acceptable level for total chromium. Hexavalent chromium pollution in Greece is ass... | Hexavalent chromium | 0.77698 |
99,122 | Toxic poultry feed contaminated by chromium-based leather tanning waste products (as opposed to the non-toxic process of vegetable tanned leather) has been shown to have entered the food supply in Bangladesh through chicken meat, the most common source of protein in the country. Tanneries in Hazaribagh Thana, an indust... | Hexavalent chromium | 0.77698 |
99,123 | The ELIZA effect, in computer science, is the tendency to project human traits — such as experience, semantic comprehension or empathy — into computer programs that have a textual interface. The effect is a category mistake that arises when the program's symbolic computations are described through terms such as "think,... | ELIZA effect | 0.77698 |
99,124 | Mulberry is a uranium alloy. It is used as a non-corroding or 'stainless' uranium alloy. It has been put forward as a structural material for the casings of the physics package in nuclear weapons, including those of North Korea.The composition is a ternary alloy, of 7.5% niobium, 2.5% zirconium, 90% uranium.Mulberry wa... | Mulberry (uranium alloy) | 0.776979 |
99,125 | For many years, these networks were used for telegraph and voice services. A revolution in wireless communication began in the first decade of the 20th century with the pioneering developments in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909, and other notable pioneering inventor... | Electronic communications | 0.776975 |
99,126 | Born's reciprocity theory was not developed much further for reason of difficulties in the mathematical foundations of the theory. However Born's idea of a quantum metric operator was later taken up by Hideki Yukawa when developing his nonlocal quantum theory in the 1950s. In 1981, Eduardo R. Caianiello proposed a "max... | Born reciprocity | 0.776973 |
99,127 | Born and H.S. Green similarly introduced the notion an invariant (quantum) metric operator x k x k + p k p k {\displaystyle x_{k}x^{k}+p_{k}p^{k}} as extension of the Minkowski metric of special relativity to an invariant metric on phase space coordinates. The metric is invariant under the group of quaplectic transform... | Born reciprocity | 0.776973 |
99,128 | In molecular biology, ecotin is a protease inhibitor which belongs to MEROPS inhibitor family I11, clan IN. Ecotins are dimeric periplasmic proteins from Escherichia coli and related Gram-negative bacteria that have been shown to be potent inhibitors of many trypsin-fold serine proteases of widely varying substrate spe... | Ecotin | 0.776973 |
99,129 | In mathematics, the compact complement topology is a topology defined on the set R {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \mathbb {R} } of real numbers, defined by declaring a subset X ⊆ R {\displaystyle \scriptstyle X\subseteq \mathbb {R} } open if and only if it is either empty or its complement R ∖ X {\displaystyle \scriptstyl... | Compact complement topology | 0.776972 |
99,130 | In the mathematical field of general topology, a meagre set (also called a meager set or a set of first category) is a subset of a topological space that is small or negligible in a precise sense detailed below. A set that is not meagre is called nonmeagre, or of the second category. See below for definitions of other ... | Meager set | 0.776968 |
99,131 | An evolved wireless ad hoc network (EVAN) is a decentralized type of wireless network that compensates for the shortcomings of the existing wireless ad hoc network (WANET). An EVAN is ad hoc like a WANET because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks or access points in wir... | Evolved wireless ad hoc network | 0.776968 |
99,132 | Several books and works have revealed the technical and research challenges facing wireless ad hoc networks or MANETs. UEs moving in WANET rapidly change network topology. Many resources are used for channel management. A resource collision occurs when a UE allocates a resource or moves while occupying the resource. Th... | Evolved wireless ad hoc network | 0.776968 |
99,133 | In mathematics, a Beatty sequence (or homogeneous Beatty sequence) is the sequence of integers found by taking the floor of the positive multiples of a positive irrational number. Beatty sequences are named after Samuel Beatty, who wrote about them in 1926. Rayleigh's theorem, named after Lord Rayleigh, states that the... | Beatty sequence | 0.776965 |
99,134 | The main developer of the Fixed Bed Nuclear Reactor is the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Several international institutions have shown interest in participating in this project, including Imperial College of the University of London, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) and the Institute ... | Fixed Bed Nuclear Reactor | 0.776964 |
99,135 | This is called the "scale anomaly" or "trace anomaly" and represents the generation of mass by quantum mechanics. It is related to the renormalization group, or the "running of coupling constants," when they are viewed at different mass scales. While this can be formulated without reference to gravity, it becomes more ... | Conformal anomaly | 0.776963 |
99,136 | In quantum chromodynamics in the chiral limit, the classical theory has no mass scale so there is a conformal symmetry. Naively, we would expect that the proton is nearly massless because the quark kinetic energy and potential energy cancel by the relativistic virial theorem. However, in the quantum case the symmetry i... | Conformal anomaly | 0.776963 |
99,137 | The D2iQ Kubernetes Platform (DKP) provides a single, central point of control for managing single and multi-cluster environments and running applications across any infrastructure, including on-prem, cloud, air-gapped, and edge. DKP is a complete solution that includes the technology, expert services, training, and su... | Datacenter Operating System | 0.776962 |
99,138 | Rule 30 meets rigorous definitions of chaos proposed by Devaney and Knudson. In particular, according to Devaney's criteria, Rule 30 displays sensitive dependence on initial conditions (two initial configurations that differ only in a small number of cells rapidly diverge), its periodic configurations are dense in the ... | Rule 30 | 0.776962 |
99,139 | For instance, a pattern resembling Rule 30 appears on the shell of the widespread cone snail species Conus textile. Rule 30 has also been used as a random number generator in Mathematica, and has also been proposed as a possible stream cipher for use in cryptography.Rule 30 is so named because 30 is the smallest Wolfra... | Rule 30 | 0.776962 |
99,140 | In work related to the Langlands correspondence, the mean-periodicity of certain (functions related to) zeta functions associated to an arithmetic scheme have been suggested to correspond to automorphicity of the related L-function. There is a certain class of mean-periodic functions arising from number theory. | Mean-periodic function | 0.776962 |
99,141 | Mean-periodic functions are a separate generalization of periodic functions from the almost periodic functions. For instance, exponential functions are mean-periodic since exp(x+1) − e.exp(x) = 0, but they are not almost periodic as they are unbounded. Still, there is a theorem which states that any uniformly continuou... | Mean-periodic function | 0.776962 |
99,142 | The first chapter, on combinatorics, repeats the calculation above, of the number of books in the library, putting it in context with the size of the known universe and with other huge numbers, and uses this material as an excuse to branch off into a discussion of logarithms and their use in estimation. The second chap... | The Unimaginable Mathematics of Borges' Library of Babel | 0.776961 |
99,143 | Life may also be said to be simply the characteristic state of organisms. In biology, the science of living organisms, "life" is the condition which distinguishes active organisms from inorganic matter, including the capacity for growth, functional activity and the continual change preceding death.A diverse variety of ... | Natural environment | 0.776959 |
99,144 | Conservation and sustainable use of resources such as water, land, air, energy, raw materials, and natural resources. Halting human-induced global warming, which represents pollution, a threat to biodiversity, and a threat to human populations. Shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy in electricity, heating and ... | Natural environment | 0.776959 |
99,145 | NBEMS: The narrowband emergency messaging system Support for transmitting and receiving in all languages by using UTF-8 character encoding (some modes) Connection to external programs via TCP/IP port 7322 Ability to be used as a KISS modem via TCP/IP port 7342 Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) encoding and decoding Auto... | Fldigi | 0.776958 |
99,146 | The Weyl curvature hypothesis, which arises in the application of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity to physical cosmology, was introduced by the British mathematician and theoretical physicist Roger Penrose in an article in 1979 in an attempt to provide explanations for two of the most fundamental issues i... | Weyl curvature hypothesis | 0.776953 |
99,147 | This compound serves as the substrate for reaction with the other dithiane 9 to the oxirane ring opening product 10. Under influence of the polar base HMPA, 10 rearranges in a 1,4-Brook rearrangement to the silyl ether 11 reactivating the formaldehyde dithiane group as an anion (hence the anion relay concept). This dit... | Umpolung | 0.776953 |
99,148 | One example is found in so-called anion relay chemistry in which a negative charge of an anionic functional group resulting from one organic reaction is transferred to a different location within the same carbon framework and available for secondary reaction. In this example of a multi-component reaction both formaldeh... | Umpolung | 0.776953 |
99,149 | After hydrolysis of the dithiane group the final reaction products are α-alkyl-ketones or α-hydroxy-ketones. A common reagent for dithiane hydrolysis is (bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo)benzene. Dithiane chemistry opens the way to many new chemical transformations. | Umpolung | 0.776953 |
99,150 | Dithiane chemistry is a classic example of polarity inversion. This can be observed in the Corey-Seebach reaction. Ordinarily the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group is more electronegative than the carbon atom and therefore the carbonyl group reacts as an electrophile at carbon. This polarity can be reversed when the ca... | Umpolung | 0.776953 |
99,151 | In organic chemistry, umpolung (German: ) or polarity inversion is the chemical modification of a functional group with the aim of the reversal of polarity of that group. This modification allows secondary reactions of this functional group that would otherwise not be possible. The concept was introduced by D. Seebach ... | Umpolung | 0.776953 |
99,152 | 3-membered rings are strained moieties in organic chemistry. When a 3-membered ring contains a heteroatom, such as in an epoxide or in a bromonium intermediate, the three atoms in the ring become polarized. It is impossible to assign (+) and (-) polarities to a 3-membered ring without having two adjacent atoms with the... | Umpolung | 0.776953 |
99,153 | The design disciplines build on their own traditions and have a certain way of working with problems, often referred to as design thinking or the design way. Design thinking is a creative process based around the "building up" of ideas. This style of thinking is one of the advantages of the designer and is the reason w... | Systems-oriented design | 0.776952 |
99,154 | In mathematics, specifically linear algebra, the Cauchy–Binet formula, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy and Jacques Philippe Marie Binet, is an identity for the determinant of the product of two rectangular matrices of transpose shapes (so that the product is well-defined and square). It generalizes the statement that... | Cauchy-Binet formula | 0.776951 |
99,155 | Bellairs workshop in number theory, tropical and non-Archimedean geometry, Bellairs Research Institute, Holetown, Barbados, USA, May 6–13, 2011. Contemporary Mathematics. Vol. | Bogomolov conjecture | 0.776951 |
99,156 | Chambert-Loir, Antoine (2013). "Diophantine geometry and analytic spaces". In Amini, Omid; Baker, Matthew; Faber, Xander (eds.). Tropical and non-Archimedean geometry. | Bogomolov conjecture | 0.776951 |
99,157 | Let C be an algebraic curve of genus g at least two defined over a number field K, let K ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {K}}} denote the algebraic closure of K, fix an embedding of C into its Jacobian variety J, and let h ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {h}}} denote the Néron-Tate height on J associated to an ample symmetric divis... | Bogomolov conjecture | 0.776951 |
99,158 | In mathematics, the Bogomolov conjecture is a conjecture, named after Fedor Bogomolov, in arithmetic geometry about algebraic curves that generalizes the Manin-Mumford conjecture in arithmetic geometry. The conjecture was proved by Emmanuel Ullmo and Shou-Wu Zhang in 1998. A further generalization to general abelian va... | Bogomolov conjecture | 0.776951 |
99,159 | UNIGINE rendered supported Shader model 5.0 with hardware tessellation, DirectCompute, and OpenCL. It also used screen space ambient occlusion and real-time global illumination. UNIGINE used a proprietary physics engine to process events such as collision detection, rigid body physics, and dynamical destruction of obje... | Unigine | 0.776948 |
99,160 | Metro Simulator by Smart Simulation CarMaker 10.0 by IPG Automotive NAUTIS maritime simulators by VSTEP Train driver simulator by Oktal Sydac Be-200 flight simulator Klee 3D (3D visualization solution for digital marketing and research applications) The visualization component of the analytical software complex develop... | Unigine | 0.776948 |
99,161 | UNIGINE 2 was released on October 10, 2015. UNIGINE 2 has all features from UNIGINE 1 and transitioned from forward rendering to deferred rendering approach, PBR shading, and introduced new graphical technologies like geometry water, multi-layered volumetric clouds, SSRTGI and voxel-based lighting. | Unigine | 0.776948 |
99,162 | Now operator decides the number of vehicles(N), which use alternative route. The optimal number of vehicles (N) can be obtained by calculus of variation, to make marginal cost of each route equal. Thus, optimal condition is T0 = T1 + ∆1. | Traffic flow | 0.776945 |
99,163 | The IL-5 gene is located on chromosome 11 in the mouse, and chromosome 5 in humans, in close proximity to the genes encoding IL-3, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which are often co-expressed in TH2 cells. Interleukin-5 is also expressed by eosinophils and has been observed in the m... | Interleukin 5 | 0.776945 |
99,164 | Because Azipod units utilize fixed-pitch propellers, power is always fed through a variable-frequency drive or cycloconverter that allows speed and direction control of the propulsion motors.The pod's propeller usually faces forward because in this pulling (or tractor) configuration the propeller is more efficient due ... | Azipod | 0.776944 |
99,165 | In 1981 the site conducted work with the University of Oxford, involving free radicals, spin trapping and redox-active enzymes with Dr (later Professor) Allen Hill. In 1987 it conducted fluorescence-coupled surface plasmon resonance research with Durham University Department of Physics. | Unilever Research & Development Port Sunlight Laboratory | 0.776943 |
99,166 | It created a research division in 1961. In the early 1960s the site researched colloid chemistry, surface active phenomena, rheology of dispersions, surface chemistry, fluorescence of dyestuffs, adsorbed films on liquids, germicides, timber technology (for West Africa), and paper chromatography. Organic chemists, physi... | Unilever Research & Development Port Sunlight Laboratory | 0.776943 |
99,167 | In 1976, Dr Gordon Tiddy of Unilever studied lyotropic liquid crystals with the University of Leeds Chemistry department. In 1978, the site carried out inelastic electron tunnelling spectroscopy with Leicester Polytechnic on an SRC CASE studentship. In 1979 their statistical computer packages were NAG, and GLIM 1–3. In... | Unilever Research & Development Port Sunlight Laboratory | 0.776943 |
99,168 | Andrew Lang (physicist) FRS, professor of physics from 1979 to 1988 at the University of Bristol (1945-47) Steve Rannard, Professor of Chemistry since 2007 at the University of Liverpool (Molecular Science 1998 - 2001) Prof David Sherrington FRS, Professor of Polymer Chemistry from 1987 to 2010 at the University of Str... | Unilever Research & Development Port Sunlight Laboratory | 0.776943 |
99,169 | SERS from pyridine adsorbed on electrochemically roughened silver was first observed by Martin Fleischmann, Patrick J. Hendra and A. James McQuillan at the Department of Chemistry at the University of Southampton, UK in 1973. This initial publication has been cited over 6000 times. The 40th Anniversary of the first obs... | Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy | 0.776942 |
99,170 | The nitro-Mannich reaction (or aza-Henry reaction) is the nucleophilic addition of a nitroalkane (or the corresponding nitronate anion) to an imine, resulting in the formation of a beta-nitroamine. With the reaction involving the addition of an acidic carbon nucleophile to a carbon-heteroatom double bond, the nitro-Man... | Nitro-Mannich reaction | 0.776941 |
99,171 | Small chiral molecule H-bond donors can be used as a powerful tool for enantioselective synthesis. These low molecular weight entities containing structural frameworks with distinct H-bond donor motifs can catalyse a wide range of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions, occurring via H-bond donor ac... | Nitro-Mannich reaction | 0.776941 |
99,172 | The problem of characterizing these sequence was described as "very difficult" by Paul Erdős in 1979.These sequences were named "Behrend sequences" in 1990 by Richard R. Hall, with a definition using logarithmic density in place of natural density. Hall chose their name in honor of Felix Behrend, who proved that for a ... | Behrend sequence | 0.77694 |
99,173 | In number theory, a Behrend sequence is an integer sequence whose multiples include almost all integers. The sequences are named after Felix Behrend. | Behrend sequence | 0.77694 |
99,174 | In most countries, both natural persons and corporate entities may apply for a patent. In the United States, however, only the inventor(s) may apply for a patent, although it may be assigned to a corporate entity subsequently and inventors may be required to assign inventions to their employers under an employment cont... | Patent protection | 0.776938 |
99,175 | Patents apply a "one size fits all" model to industries with differing needs, that is especially unproductive for the software industry. Rent-seeking by owners of pharmaceutical patents have also been a particular focus of criticism, as the high prices they enable puts life-saving drugs out of reach of many people. "Wi... | Patent protection | 0.776938 |
99,176 | are often seen as precursors of film, leading to the invention of cinema at the end of the 19th century. In the 21st century this narrow teleological vision was questioned and the individual qualities of these media gained renewed attention of researchers in the fields of the history of film, science, technology and ar... | Optical toys | 0.776936 |
99,177 | In number theory, a Sidon sequence is a sequence A = { a 0 , a 1 , a 2 , … } {\displaystyle A=\{a_{0},a_{1},a_{2},\dots \}} of natural numbers in which all pairwise sums a i + a j {\displaystyle a_{i}+a_{j}} (for i ≤ j {\displaystyle i\leq j} ) are different. Sidon sequences are also called Sidon sets; they are named a... | Sidon sequence | 0.776932 |
99,178 | They can be divided into on-line and off-line methods and work by trying to avoid fragmentation in the file system in the first place, deploying methods to better cope with existing fragmentation, and by reordering and optimizing the on-disk structures. With optimizations in place, the performance on FAT volumes can of... | FAT file access date | 0.776932 |
99,179 | FAT32 therefore introduced a special file system information sector where the previously computed amount of free space is preserved over power cycles, so that the free space counter needs to be recalculated only when a removable FAT32 formatted medium gets ejected without first unmounting it or if the system is switche... | FAT file access date | 0.776932 |
99,180 | Today the problem of causal interaction is frequently viewed as a conclusive argument against interactionism. On the other hand, it has been suggested that given many disciplines deal with things they do not entirely understand, dualists not entirely understanding the mechanism of mind-body interaction need not be seen... | Interactionist dualism | 0.776925 |
99,181 | However, Vilanayur S. Ramachandran and William Hirstein (1997) argue that Occam's razor is not useful for scientific discovery. They exemplify the above with the discovery of relativity in physics, which was not the product of accepting Occam's razor but rather of rejecting it and asking the question of whether it coul... | Interactionist dualism | 0.776925 |
99,182 | A more recent related objection is the argument from physics, which argues that a mental substance impacting the physical world would contradict principles of physics. In particular, if some external source of energy is responsible for the interactions, it would violate the law of conservation of energy. Two main respo... | Interactionist dualism | 0.776925 |
99,183 | In 2002 he listed it along with epiphenomenalism and what he calls "Type-F Monism" as a position worth examining. Rather than invoking two distinct substances, he defines interactionism as the view that "microphysics is not causally closed, and that phenomenal properties play a causal role in affecting the physical wor... | Interactionist dualism | 0.776925 |
99,184 | He acknowledges this is at odds with the interpretations of quantum mechanics held by most physicists, but notes, "There is some irony in the fact that philosophers reject interactionism on largely physical grounds (it is incompatible with physical theory), while physicists reject an interactionist interpretation of qu... | Interactionist dualism | 0.776925 |
99,185 | (See quantum mind.) However, Max Tegmark has argued that classical and quantum calculations show that quantum decoherence effects do not play a role in brain activity. David Chalmers has noted (without necessarily endorsing) a second possibility within quantum mechanics, that consciousness' causal role is to collapse t... | Interactionist dualism | 0.776925 |
99,186 | Taking the argument a step further, it has been argued that because physics fully accounts for the causes of all physical movements, there can be no place for a non-physical mind to play a role. The principle, in slightly different iterations, has variously been called causal closure, completeness of the physical, phys... | Interactionist dualism | 0.776925 |
99,187 | The character formula can be expressed in terms of representations of complex semisimple Lie algebras or in terms of the (essentially equivalent) representation theory of compact Lie groups. | Weyl character formula | 0.776925 |
99,188 | The irreducible representations in this case are all finite-dimensional (this is part of the Peter–Weyl theorem); so the notion of trace is the usual one from linear algebra. Knowledge of the character χ {\displaystyle \chi } of π {\displaystyle \pi } gives a lot of information about π {\displaystyle \pi } itself. Weyl... | Weyl character formula | 0.776925 |
99,189 | In mathematics, the Weyl character formula in representation theory describes the characters of irreducible representations of compact Lie groups in terms of their highest weights. It was proved by Hermann Weyl (1925, 1926a, 1926b). There is a closely related formula for the character of an irreducible representation o... | Weyl character formula | 0.776925 |
99,190 | In mathematics, Chow's theorem may refer to a number of theorems due to Wei-Liang Chow: Chow's theorem: The theorem that asserts that any analytic subvariety in projective space is actually algebraic. Chow–Rashevskii theorem: In sub-Riemannian geometry, the theorem that asserts that any two points are connected by a ho... | Chow's theorem | 0.77692 |
99,191 | The Albright–Goldman oxidation is a name reaction of organic chemistry, first described by the American chemists J. Donald Albright and Leon Goldman in 1965. The reaction is particularly suitable for the synthesis of aldehydes from primary alcohols. Analogously, secondary alcohols can be oxidized to form ketones. Dimet... | Albright-Goldman oxidation | 0.776919 |
99,192 | Smith's Cloud is a high-velocity cloud of hydrogen gas located in the constellation Aquila at Galactic coordinates l = 39°, b = −13°. The cloud was discovered in 1963 by Gail Bieger, née Smith, who was an astronomy student at Leiden University in the Netherlands. | Smith's Cloud | 0.776916 |
99,193 | In mathematics, especially in differential topology, Thom's second isotopy lemma is a family version of Thom's first isotopy lemma; i.e., it states a family of maps between Whitney stratified spaces is locally trivial when it is a Thom mapping. Like the first isotopy lemma, the lemma was introduced by René Thom. (Mathe... | Thom mapping | 0.776914 |
99,194 | These are distinct from the mechanisms of the more primitive cerebellum, which dominates in the blinking response and receives the input of auditory information directly. It does not need to "reach out" to other brain structures for assistance in forming some memories of simple association. An MIT study found that beha... | Engram (neuropsychology) | 0.776914 |
99,195 | Neuroscience acknowledges the existence of many types of memory and their physical location within the brain is likely to be dependent on the respective system mediating the encoding of this memory. Such brain parts as the cerebellum, striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala are thought to play an important... | Engram (neuropsychology) | 0.776914 |
99,196 | Lipofectamine or Lipofectamine 2000 is a common transfection reagent, produced and sold by Invitrogen, used in molecular and cellular biology. It is used to increase the transfection efficiency of RNA (including mRNA and siRNA) or plasmid DNA into in vitro cell cultures by lipofection. Lipofectamine contains lipid subu... | Lipofectamine | 0.776913 |
99,197 | In mathematics, the Sierpiński space (or the connected two-point set) is a finite topological space with two points, only one of which is closed. It is the smallest example of a topological space which is neither trivial nor discrete. It is named after Wacław Sierpiński. The Sierpiński space has important relations to ... | Sierpinski space | 0.776909 |
99,198 | The Sierpiński space S {\displaystyle S} is a special case of both the finite particular point topology (with particular point 1) and the finite excluded point topology (with excluded point 0). Therefore, S {\displaystyle S} has many properties in common with one or both of these families. | Sierpiński space | 0.776909 |
99,199 | {\displaystyle \chi _{U}.} That is, if we identify 2 X {\displaystyle 2^{X}} with P ( X ) {\displaystyle P(X)} the subset of continuous maps C ( X , S ) ⊆ 2 X {\displaystyle C(X,S)\subseteq 2^{X}} is precisely the topology of X: {\displaystyle X:} T ( X ) ⊆ P ( X ) . {\displaystyle T(X)\subseteq P(X).} A particularly n... | Sierpinski space | 0.776909 |
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