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99,700 | One of Frege's stated purposes was to isolate genuinely logical principles of inference, so that in the proper representation of mathematical proof, one would at no point appeal to "intuition". If there was an intuitive element, it was to be isolated and represented separately as an axiom: from there on, the proof was ... | Gottlob Frege | 0.776643 |
99,701 | A frequently noted example is that Aristotle's logic is unable to represent mathematical statements like Euclid's theorem, a fundamental statement of number theory that there are an infinite number of prime numbers. Frege's "conceptual notation", however, can represent such inferences. The analysis of logical concepts ... | Gottlob Frege | 0.776643 |
99,702 | Though his education and early mathematical work focused primarily on geometry, Frege's work soon turned to logic. His Begriffsschrift, eine der arithmetischen nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens , Halle a/S: Verlag von Louis Nebert, 1879 marked a turning point in the history of logic. The Begriffsschrift br... | Gottlob Frege | 0.776643 |
99,703 | Born 8 November 1848 in Wismar, Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 1869 — attends the University of Jena. 1871 — attends the University of Göttingen. 1873 — PhD, doctor in mathematics (geometry), attained at Göttingen. | Gottlob Frege | 0.776643 |
99,704 | Mercury poisoning of generations of Grassy Narrows and Whitedog native people in Ontario, Canada who were exposed to high levels of mercury by consuming mercury-contaminated fish when Dryden Chemical Company discharged over 9,000 kilograms (20,000 lb) of mercury directly into the Wabigoon–English River system and conti... | Mercury toxicity | 0.776643 |
99,705 | All this evidence, both from the ocean floor and from the continental margins, made it clear around 1965 that continental drift was feasible. The theory of plate tectonics was defined in a series of papers between 1965 and 1967. The theory revolutionized the Earth sciences, explaining a diverse range of geological phen... | Crustal plate | 0.776641 |
99,706 | Initially, during the first half of the twentieth century, the latter phenomenon was explained by introducing what was called "polar wander" (see apparent polar wander) (i.e., it was assumed that the north pole location had been shifting through time). An alternative explanation, though, was that the continents had mov... | Crustal plate | 0.776641 |
99,707 | In organic chemistry, ring strain is a type of instability that exists when bonds in a molecule form angles that are abnormal. Strain is most commonly discussed for small rings such as cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes, whose internal angles are substantially smaller than the idealized value of approximately 109°. Because... | Baeyer strain | 0.776639 |
99,708 | Define ψ ( x ; q , a ) = ∑ n ≤ x n ≡ a ( mod q ) Λ ( n ) , {\displaystyle \psi (x;q,a)=\sum _{n\,\leq \,x \atop n\,\equiv \,a\! {\pmod {\!q}}}\Lambda (n),} where Λ {\displaystyle \Lambda } denotes the von Mangoldt function, and let φ denote Euler's totient function. Then the theorem states that given any real number N ... | Siegel–Walfisz theorem | 0.776639 |
99,709 | In analytic number theory, the Siegel–Walfisz theorem was obtained by Arnold Walfisz as an application of a theorem by Carl Ludwig Siegel to primes in arithmetic progressions. It is a refinement both of the prime number theorem and of Dirichlet's theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions. | Siegel–Walfisz theorem | 0.776639 |
99,710 | The constant CN is not effectively computable because Siegel's theorem is ineffective. From the theorem we can deduce the following bound regarding the prime number theorem for arithmetic progressions: If, for (a, q) = 1, by π ( x ; q , a ) {\displaystyle \pi (x;q,a)} we denote the number of primes less than or equal t... | Siegel–Walfisz theorem | 0.776639 |
99,711 | {\displaystyle \left\{-2^{n+1}+1,\ldots ,-2^{n}\right\}.} From the Marcinkiewicz multiplier theorem (adapted to the context of the unit circle) we see that any such sequence (also assumed to be bounded, of course) is a multiplier for every 1 < p < ∞. In one dimension, the disk multiplier operator S R 0 {\displaystyle S... | Multiplier (Fourier analysis) | 0.776638 |
99,712 | Duality gives the same for p = 1. However, both the Marcinkiewicz and Mikhlin multiplier theorems show that the Hilbert transform is bounded in Lp for all 1 < p < ∞. Another interesting case on the unit circle is when the sequence ( x n ) {\displaystyle (x_{n})} that is being proposed as a multiplier is constant for n ... | Multiplier (Fourier analysis) | 0.776638 |
99,713 | In signal processing, a multiplier operator is called a "filter", and the multiplier is the filter's frequency response (or transfer function). In the wider context, multiplier operators are special cases of spectral multiplier operators, which arise from the functional calculus of an operator (or family of commuting o... | Multiplier (Fourier analysis) | 0.776638 |
99,714 | This problem is considered to be extremely difficult in general, but many special cases can be treated. The problem depends greatly on p, although there is a duality relationship: if 1 / p + 1 / q = 1 {\displaystyle 1/p+1/q=1} and 1 ≤ p, q ≤ ∞, then a multiplier operator is bounded on Lp if and only if it is bounded on... | Multiplier (Fourier analysis) | 0.776638 |
99,715 | Let m be a bounded function on R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} which is smooth except possibly at the origin, and such that the function | x | k | ∇ k m | {\textstyle |x|^{k}\left|\nabla ^{k}m\right|} is bounded for all integers 0 ≤ k ≤ n 2 + 1 {\textstyle 0\leq k\leq {\frac {n}{2}}+1}: then m is an Lp multiplier ... | Multiplier (Fourier analysis) | 0.776638 |
99,716 | However, this is not sufficient except when p = 2. Results that give sufficient conditions for boundedness are known as multiplier theorems. Three such results are given below. | Multiplier (Fourier analysis) | 0.776638 |
99,717 | A content-filtering web proxy server provides administrative control over the content that may be relayed in one or both directions through the proxy. It is commonly used in both commercial and non-commercial organizations (especially schools) to ensure that Internet usage conforms to acceptable use policy. Content fil... | Transparent proxy | 0.776638 |
99,718 | The Beta-Lactamase Database (BLAD) is a web-based antimicrobial resistance database that provides structural and phenotypic data on a class of enzymes, beta-lactamase. It hosts sequences from all classes of metallo and non-metallo beta-lactamases. The resource has approximately 2000 gene sequences and compiles its data... | Beta-Lactamase Database (BLAD) | 0.776635 |
99,719 | 172 is a part of a near-miss for being a counterexample to Fermat's last theorem, as 1353 + 1383 = 1723 − 1. This is only the third near-miss of this form, two cubes adding to one less than a third cube. It is also a "thickened cube number", half an odd cube (73 = 343) rounded up to the next integer. | 172 (number) | 0.776633 |
99,720 | Around 2010, the computer science department at ETH Zurich began exploring active objects and concurrency for operating systems, and has released an early version of a new language Active Oberon and a new operating system for it, first named Active Object System (AOS) in 2002, then due to trademark issues, renamed Blue... | Oberon operating system | 0.776633 |
99,721 | The Oberon System was later extended and ported to other hardware platforms by a team at ETH Zurich and there was recognition in popular magazines. Wirth and Gutknecht (although being active computer science professors) refer to themselves as 'part-time programmers' in the book Project Oberon. In late 2013, a few month... | Oberon operating system | 0.776633 |
99,722 | Magnus Hirschfeld, an early-20th century German sexologist and physician, divided homosexual men into four groups: paedophiles, who are most attracted to prepubescent youth, ephebophiles, who are most attracted to youths from puberty up to the early twenties; androphiles, who are most attracted to persons between the e... | Androphilia and gynephilia | 0.77663 |
99,723 | The Bradford Robotic Telescope (BRT) is an autonomous astronomical telescope located at Teide Observatory, Tenerife in the Canary Islands. It is owned by the University of Bradford and was built between 2002 and 2004 for remote use by schools and individuals worldwide. As of November 2009, the observatory has returned ... | Bradford Robotic Telescope | 0.77663 |
99,724 | Nanyo Civil Astronomical Observatory was established in 1986 by the Nanyo Astronomical Lovers Club, located in Nan'yō, Yamagata, Japan. This astronomy society was founded in 1983.It has discovered the following asteroids: | Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory | 0.776629 |
99,725 | mSUGRA naturally generates the Soft SUSY breaking terms which are a consequence of the Super Higgs effect. Radiative breaking of electroweak symmetry through Renormalization Group Equations (RGEs) follows as an immediate consequence. Due to its predictive power, requiring only four input parameters and a sign to determ... | Supergravity | 0.776626 |
99,726 | "Anomaly cancellation in supersymmetric D = 10 gauge theory and superstring theory". Physics Letters B. 149 (1–3): 117–122. | Supergravity | 0.776626 |
99,727 | Physics Letters B. 97 (2): 233–235. Bibcode:1980PhLB...97..233F. | Supergravity | 0.776626 |
99,728 | (1978). "Supergravity in theory in 11 dimensions". Physics Letters B. | Supergravity | 0.776626 |
99,729 | (1975). "Generalized super-gauge symmetry as a new framework for unified gauge theories". Physics Letters B. | Supergravity | 0.776626 |
99,730 | Lecture Notes in Physics. 18: 529–533. Bibcode:1973JETPL..18..312V. | Supergravity | 0.776626 |
99,731 | There was a comparatively quiet period at the beginning of the 1990s; however, several important tools were developed. For example, it became apparent that the various superstring theories were related by "string dualities", some of which relate weak string-coupling - perturbative - physics in one model with strong str... | Supergravity | 0.776626 |
99,732 | Initial excitement about the 10-dimensional theories, and the string theories that provide their quantum completion, died by the end of the 1980s. There were too many Calabi–Yaus to compactify on, many more than Yau had estimated, as he admitted in December 2005 at the 23rd International Solvay Conference in Physics. N... | Supergravity | 0.776626 |
99,733 | Soroka in 1973, wasn't it?". East European Journal of Physics (3): 81–82. doi:10.26565/2312-4334-2019-3-10. | Supergravity | 0.776625 |
99,734 | de Sitter space and anti-de Sitter space are named after Willem de Sitter (1872–1934), professor of astronomy at Leiden University and director of the Leiden Observatory. Willem de Sitter and Albert Einstein worked closely together in Leiden in the 1920s on the spacetime structure of our universe. de Sitter space was a... | De Sitter space | 0.776623 |
99,735 | In mathematical physics, n-dimensional de Sitter space (often abbreviated to dSn) is a maximally symmetric Lorentzian manifold with constant positive scalar curvature. It is the Lorentzian analogue of an n-sphere (with its canonical Riemannian metric). The main application of de Sitter space is its use in general relat... | De Sitter space | 0.776623 |
99,736 | (Note that if one replaces α 2 {\displaystyle \alpha ^{2}} with − α 2 {\displaystyle -\alpha ^{2}} in the above definition, one obtains a hyperboloid of two sheets. The induced metric in this case is positive-definite, and each sheet is a copy of hyperbolic n-space. For a detailed proof, see Minkowski space § Geometry.... | De Sitter space | 0.776623 |
99,737 | Graphics accelerator cards brought a new level of realism to the graphics and physics of sim racing games. These new graphics processing units provided texture mapping, antialiasing, particle effects (i.e. fog, rain and snow), HDR and the capability to perform polygonal calculations faster, while taking the load off of... | Racing simulator | 0.776623 |
99,738 | A year later, MicroProse released the successor to F1GP, Grand Prix 2, to much anticipation. GP2 became successful not just because of its detailed and thorough simulation of the 1994 Formula 1 season, but also because it was customizable; this was achievable by way of the online community. Players could change everyth... | Racing simulator | 0.776623 |
99,739 | Suddenly a resolution of 320×200 seemed a poor option and NASCAR Racing was the race sim of choice for anyone with a capable PC, particularly in North America. It was the first sim where cars no longer looked like boxes. It keyed in on sophisticated physics modeling. | Racing simulator | 0.776623 |
99,740 | Sim racing is generally acknowledged to have really taken off in 1989 with the introduction of Papyrus Design Group's Indianapolis 500: The Simulation, designed by David Kaemmer and Omar Khudari on 16-bit computer hardware. The game is often generally regarded as the personal computer's first true auto racing simulatio... | Racing simulator | 0.776623 |
99,741 | In 1997, TORCS was released. Uniquely for Racing Sims, it was open source, making it even easier for modding teams to add new features and even create whole new games (Such as the TORCS-Based Speed Dreams) Sega AM2's 1999 arcade game Ferrari F355 Challenge, later ported to the Dreamcast in 2000, was considered the most... | Racing simulator | 0.776623 |
99,742 | Despite its age, GPL has remained a common benchmark for Racing Sims even in the modern era thanks to a strong community who continue creating new content for the game to this very day. Modding teams even managed to further improve on the game's physics and create third-Party expansions for following seasons, such as t... | Racing simulator | 0.776623 |
99,743 | It was hailed as outstanding in all areas, especially in its physics and sound design. For many players, their first real experience of sim racing was through GPL or one of its many derivatives, such as NASCAR Racing 2003. The release of a groundbreaking third-party add-on for GPL, VROC (Virtual Racers Online Connectio... | Racing simulator | 0.776623 |
99,744 | The azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition is a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an azide and a terminal or internal alkyne to give a 1,2,3-triazole. Rolf Huisgen was the first to understand the scope of this organic reaction. American chemist Karl Barry Sharpless has referred to this cycloaddition as "the cream of the cr... | Huisgen cycloaddition | 0.776621 |
99,745 | Imines are common ligands in coordination chemistry. Particularly popular examples are found with Schiff base ligands derived from salicylaldehyde, the salen ligands. Metal-catalyzed reactions of imines proceed through such complexes. In classical coordination complexes, imines bind metals through nitrogen. For low-val... | Imine | 0.77662 |
99,746 | Akin to pinacol couplings, imines are susceptible to reductive coupling leading to 1,2-diamines. Imine are oxidized with meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) to give an oxaziridines. Imines are intermediates in the alkylation of amines with formic acid in the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction. A rearrangement in carbohydrate... | Imine | 0.77662 |
99,747 | In organic chemistry, an imine ( or ) is a functional group or organic compound containing a carbon–nitrogen double bond (C=N). The nitrogen atom can be attached to a hydrogen or an organic group (R). The carbon atom has two additional single bonds. Imines are common in synthetic and naturally occurring compounds and t... | Imine | 0.77662 |
99,748 | The carbothermic route to magnesium has been recognized as a low energy, yet high productivity path to magnesium extraction. The chemistry is as follow: C ( s ) + MgO ( s ) ⟶ CO ( g ) + Mg ( g ) {\displaystyle {\ce {C(s) +MgO(s) -> CO(g) + Mg(g)}}} The reaction between magnesia and carbon produces a magnesium and carbo... | Pidgeon process | 0.77662 |
99,749 | The target of CcdB is the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase, an essential type II topoisomerase in Escherichia coli. Gyrase alters DNA topology by effecting a transient double-strand break in the DNA backbone, passing the double helix through the gate and resealing the gaps. The CcdB poison acts by trapping DNA gyrase in a cl... | CcdA/CcdB Type II Toxin-antitoxin system | 0.77662 |
99,750 | In recombinant DNA technology, the ccdB gene is widely used as a positive selection marker (e.g. the Invitrogen's Zero Background and Gateway cloning vectors). In August 2016, the CcdB positive selection technology falls completely within the public domain and is now fully free for personal or commercial use. Ccd opero... | CcdA/CcdB Type II Toxin-antitoxin system | 0.77662 |
99,751 | The argument fixes the phase to be −1 or 1 according to the spin. Since it is possible to rotate the space-like separated polarizations independently by local perturbations, the phase should not depend on the polarization in appropriately chosen field coordinates. This argument is due to Julian Schwinger.An elementary ... | Spin–statistics theorem | 0.776618 |
99,752 | Although colored quarks are attached to a QCD string and have infinite mass, the spin–statistics relation for quarks can be proved in the short distance limit. Gauge ghosts are spinless fermions, but they include states of negative norm.Assumptions 1 and 2 imply that the theory is described by a path integral, and assu... | Spin–statistics theorem | 0.776618 |
99,753 | In 2+1 dimensions, sources for the Chern–Simons theory can have exotic spins, despite the fact that the three-dimensional rotation group has only integer and half-integer spin representations. An ultra local field can have either statistics independently of its spin. This is related to Lorentz invariance, since an infi... | Spin–statistics theorem | 0.776618 |
99,754 | A π rotation in the Euclidean xt plane can be used to rotate vacuum expectation values of the field product of the previous section. The time rotation turns the argument of the previous section into the spin–statistics theorem. The proof requires the following assumptions: The theory has a Lorentz-invariant Lagrangian.... | Spin–statistics theorem | 0.776618 |
99,755 | To test the theorem, Drake carried out very precise calculations for states of the He atom that violate the Pauli exclusion principle; they are called paronic states. Later, the paronic state 1s2s 1S0 of He calculated by Drake was looked for using an atomic beam spectrometer. The search was unsuccessful with an upper l... | Spin–statistics theorem | 0.776618 |
99,756 | In the Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman said that this probably means that we do not have a complete understanding of the fundamental principle involved. see Further reading below. | Spin–statistics theorem | 0.776618 |
99,757 | The Lorentz group has no non-trivial unitary representations of finite dimension. Thus it seems impossible to construct a Hilbert space in which all states have finite, non-zero spin and positive, Lorentz-invariant norm. This problem is overcome in different ways depending on particle spin–statistics. For a state of in... | Spin–statistics theorem | 0.776618 |
99,758 | In quantum field theory, ghost fields are fields that have negative kinetic energy and are used to cancel out unphysical degrees of freedom in the theory. They are called ghost fields because they do not correspond to any physical particles. Ghost fields are used in the quantization of gauge theories such as quantum ch... | Spin–statistics theorem | 0.776618 |
99,759 | The theorem states that: The wave function of a system of identical integer-spin particles has the same value when the positions of any two particles are swapped. Particles with wave functions symmetric under exchange are called bosons. The wave function of a system of identical half-integer–spin particles changes sign... | Spin–statistics theorem | 0.776618 |
99,760 | In 2010, the European Commission Directorate-General for Research and Innovation reported that "The main conclusion to be drawn from the efforts of more than 130 research projects, covering a period of more than 25 years of involving more than 500 independent research groups, is that biotechnology, and in particular GM... | International trade of genetically modified foods | 0.776617 |
99,761 | There is a scientific consensus that currently available food derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food, but that each GM food needs to be tested on a case-by-case basis before introduction. Nonetheless, members of the public are much less likely than scientists to perceive GM f... | International trade of genetically modified foods | 0.776617 |
99,762 | PABE also found that the public does not demand "zero risk" in GM food discussions and is "perfectly aware that their lives are full of risks that need to be counterbalanced against each other and against the potential benefits. Rather than zero risk, what they demanded was a more realistic assessment of risks by regul... | International trade of genetically modified foods | 0.776617 |
99,763 | However, Vain found 692 research studies in 2007 that focused on GM crop and food safety and found increasing publication rates of such articles in recent years. Vain commented that the multidisciplinarian nature of GM research complicated the retrieval of studies based on it and required many search terms (he used mor... | International trade of genetically modified foods | 0.776617 |
99,764 | GMO Answers' resources included conventional and organic farmers, agribusiness experts, scientists, academics, medical doctors and nutritionists, and "company experts" from founding members of the Council for Biotechnology Information, which funds the initiative. Founding members include BASF, Bayer CropScience, Dow Ag... | International trade of genetically modified foods | 0.776617 |
99,765 | The company reiterated that genetically modified foods were safe and improved crop yields. Similar sentiments were expressed by the Hawaii Crop Improvement Association, of which Monsanto is a member.In July 2013, the agricultural biotechnology industry launched a GMO transparency initiative called GMO Answers to addres... | International trade of genetically modified foods | 0.776617 |
99,766 | The winding number of f ( γ ) {\displaystyle f(\gamma )} with respect to the point f ( z 0 ) {\displaystyle f(z_{0})} is a positive integer called the ramification index of z 0 {\displaystyle z_{0}} . If the ramification index is greater than 1, then z 0 {\displaystyle z_{0}} is called a ramification point of f {\displ... | Branch point | 0.776616 |
99,767 | In mathematics, the Carlitz–Wan conjecture classifies the possible degrees of exceptional polynomials over a finite field Fq of q elements. A polynomial f(x) in Fq of degree d is called exceptional over Fq if every irreducible factor (differing from x − y) or (f(x) − f(y))/(x − y)) over Fq becomes reducible over the al... | Carlitz-Wan conjecture | 0.776613 |
99,768 | Parks and recreation departments and their functions in asset inventory, land conservation, land management, and cemetery management Public works and utilities, tracking water and stormwater drainage, electrical assets, engineering projects, and public transportation assets and trends Fiber network management for inter... | Geographic Information System | 0.776613 |
99,769 | Topic: the domains in which GIS is applied largely fall into those concerned with the human world (e.g., economics, politics, transportation, education, landscape architecture, archaeology, urban planning, real estate, public health, crime mapping, national defense), and those concerned with the natural world (e.g., ge... | Geographic Information System | 0.776613 |
99,770 | Similarly, GIS can be used to compare other renewable energy resources to find the best geographic potential for a region.Additionally, from a series of three-dimensional points, or digital elevation model, isopleth lines representing elevation contours can be generated, along with slope analysis, shaded relief, and ot... | Geographic Information System | 0.776613 |
99,771 | Many sophisticated methods can estimate the characteristics of surfaces from a limited number of point measurements. A two-dimensional contour map created from the surface modeling of rainfall point measurements may be overlaid and analyzed with any other map in a GIS covering the same area. This GIS derived map can th... | Geographic Information System | 0.776613 |
99,772 | The Zak transform has been successfully used in physics in quantum field theory, in electrical engineering in time-frequency representation of signals, and in digital data transmission. The Zak transform has also applications in mathematics. For example, it has been used in the Gabor representation problem. == Referenc... | Zak transform | 0.776611 |
99,773 | Additionally, today's networking equipment allows ISPs to collect statistics on flow sizes at line speed, which can be used to mark large flows for traffic shaping. Two ISPs, Cox and Comcast, have stated that they engage in this practice, where they limit users' bandwidth by up to 99%. Today most if not all Internet Se... | Bandwidth Throttling | 0.77661 |
99,774 | Maier proved his theorem using Buchstab's equivalent for the counting function of quasi-primes (set of numbers without prime factors lower to bound z = x 1 / u {\displaystyle z=x^{1/u}} , u {\displaystyle u} fixed). He also used an equivalent of the number of primes in arithmetic progressions of sufficient length due t... | Maier's theorem | 0.776609 |
99,775 | In number theory, Maier's theorem (Maier 1985) is a theorem about the numbers of primes in short intervals for which Cramér's probabilistic model of primes gives a wrong answer. The theorem states that if π is the prime-counting function and λ is greater than 1 then π ( x + ( log x ) λ ) − π ( x ) ( log x ) λ − 1 {... | Maier's theorem | 0.776609 |
99,776 | SPM is software written by the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience at University College London to aid in the analysis of functional neuroimaging data. It is written using MATLAB and is distributed as free software. | Statistical Parametric Mapping | 0.776609 |
99,777 | Researchers examine brain activity linked to a specific mental process or processes. One approach involves asking 'which areas of the brain are significantly more active when doing task A compared to task B?'. Although the tasks might be designed to be identical, except for the behaviour under investigation, the brain ... | Statistical Parametric Mapping | 0.776609 |
99,778 | Parametric statistical models are assumed at each voxel, using the general linear model to describe the data variability in terms of experimental and confounding effects, with residual variability. Hypotheses expressed in terms of the model parameters are assessed at each voxel with univariate statistics. Analyses may ... | Statistical Parametric Mapping | 0.776609 |
99,779 | Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is a statistical technique for examining differences in brain activity recorded during functional neuroimaging experiments. It was created by Karl Friston. It may alternatively refer to software created by the Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience at University College London ... | Statistical Parametric Mapping | 0.776609 |
99,780 | A computer-integrated manufacturing system is not the same as a "lights-out factory", which would run completely independent of human intervention, although it is a big step in that direction. Part of the system involves flexible manufacturing, where the factory can be quickly modified to produce different products, or... | Computer-integrated manufacturing | 0.776609 |
99,781 | The same results are true of Ω(n), the number of prime factors of n counted with multiplicity. This theorem is generalized by the Erdős–Kac theorem, which shows that ω(n) is essentially normally distributed. | Hardy–Ramanujan theorem | 0.776608 |
99,782 | In mathematics, the Hardy–Ramanujan theorem, proved by Ramanujan and checked by Hardy states that the normal order of the number ω(n) of distinct prime factors of a number n is log(log(n)). Roughly speaking, this means that most numbers have about this number of distinct prime factors. | Hardy–Ramanujan theorem | 0.776608 |
99,783 | SynOptics Communications was founded in 1985 by Andrew K. Ludwick and Ronald V. Schmidt, both of whom worked at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). The most significant product that Synoptics produced was LattisNet (originally named AstraNet) in 1987. This meant that unshielded twisted-pair cabling already instal... | SynOptics | 0.776607 |
99,784 | Generally accepted accounting principles applies strictly to financial accounting because it was either the only guidance they had at the time, or did not know what else to do.Until recently, no serious work has been done by the accounting profession on the conceptual differences between the use of management accountin... | Management Accounting Principles | 0.776604 |
99,785 | Accurately values all operations (support and production) of an entity (i.e. the supply and consumption of resources) in monetary terms. Provides information that aids in immediate and future economic decision making for optimization, growth, and/or attainment of enterprise strategic objectives. Provides information to... | Management Accounting Principles | 0.776604 |
99,786 | Part two involves the principle of analogy and the manager's analytical needs for decision support information provided by part one (its cause-and-effect relationships). Part two requires analyzing the information in light of one or more decision alternatives so that the decision maker(s) can reach the optimum decision... | Management Accounting Principles | 0.776604 |
99,787 | Management accounting for use inside an organization must reflect the reality of the operations and resources used by the organization in monetary terms. Unlike financial reporting, where the objective focuses on external investors and creditors seek to compare investment options across the capital markets, management ... | Management Accounting Principles | 0.776604 |
99,788 | Management accountants can rely on causality and analogy as foundational principles as they are grounded in decision science – the laws of logic. Causality principle — the relation between a managerial objective's quantitative output and the input quantities that must be, or must have been, consumed if the output is to... | Management Accounting Principles | 0.776604 |
99,789 | In addition, controllers, accountants, and managers who were seeking to improve operations or resolve internal costing issues discovered that when selecting different costing methods, each one subscribes to assorted allocation techniques and produces very different results. And finally, the lack of a conceptual framewo... | Management Accounting Principles | 0.776604 |
99,790 | {\displaystyle \;\Phi ^{*}(A)=\sum _{i}R_{i}(A)F_{i}.} A measure-and-prepare channel can not be the identity map. This is precisely the statement of the no teleportation theorem, which says classical teleportation (not to be confused with entanglement-assisted teleportation) is impossible. | Quantum communication channel | 0.776603 |
99,791 | In mathematics, an ultragraph C*-algebra is a universal C*-algebra generated by partial isometries on a collection of Hilbert spaces constructed from ultragraphs.pp. 6-7. These C*-algebras were created in order to simultaneously generalize the classes of graph C*-algebras and Exel–Laca algebras, giving a unified framew... | Ultragraph C*-algebra | 0.776601 |
99,792 | The best characterized form of dyskeratosis congenita is a result of one or more mutations in the long arm of the X chromosome in the gene DKC1. This results in the X-linked recessive form of the disease wherein the major protein affected is dyskerin. Of the five mutations described by Heiss and colleagues in Nature Ge... | Dyskeratosis congenita | 0.776597 |
99,793 | STL format is not the most memory- and computationally efficient method for transferring this data, but STL is often used to import the triangulated geometry into the CAM system. The format is commonly available, so the CAM system will use it. In order to use the data, the CAM system may have to reconstruct the connect... | STL (file format) | 0.776596 |
99,794 | STL files describe only the surface geometry of a three-dimensional object without any representation of color, texture or other common CAD model attributes. The STL format specifies both ASCII and binary representations. Binary files are more common, since they are more compact.STL is widely used for rapid prototyping... | STL (file format) | 0.776596 |
99,795 | The primary goal of the SNO+ detector is the search for neutrinoless double beta decay, specifically with regard to decay of 130Te, to understand if a neutrino is its own anti-particle (i.e. a majorana fermion). Secondary physics goals include measurement of neutrinos or antineutrinos from: Proton-electron-proton (pep)... | SNO+ | 0.776596 |
99,796 | The main civil engineering challenge is that the current SNO vessel is supported by a series of ropes, to prevent the weight of the heavy water inside from sinking it in the surrounding normal water. The proposed liquid scintillator (linear alkylbenzene) is lighter than water, and must be held down instead, but still w... | SNO+ | 0.776596 |
99,797 | SNO+ is a physics experiment designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay, with secondary measurements of proton–electron–proton (pep) solar neutrinos, geoneutrinos from radioactive decays in the Earth, and reactor neutrinos. It is under construction (as of February 2017) using the underground equipment alread... | SNO+ | 0.776596 |
99,798 | The fractional-vertex-cover-number of a hypergraph is, in general, smaller than its vertex-cover-number. A theorem of László Lovász provides an upper bound on the ratio between them:If each vertex is contained in at most d hyperedges (i.e., the degree of the hypergraph is at most d), then τ ( H ) τ ∗ ( H ) ≤ 1 + ln (... | Vertex cover in hypergraphs | 0.776595 |
99,799 | In graph theory, a vertex cover in a hypergraph is a set of vertices, such that every hyperedge of the hypergraph contains at least one vertex of that set. It is an extension of the notion of vertex cover in a graph. : 466–470 An equivalent term is a hitting set: given a collection of sets, a set which intersects all s... | Vertex cover in hypergraphs | 0.776595 |
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