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==Microscopic==
Features:<ref name=pmid17893219>{{cite journal |author=Wippold FJ, Lubner M, Perrin RJ, Lämmle M, Perry A |title=Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: Antoni A and Antoni B tissue patterns |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=28 |issue=9 |pages=1633–8 |year=2007 |month=October |pmid=17893219 |doi=10.3174/ajnr.A068...
*Antoni A:
**Cellular.
**'Fibrillary, polar, elongated'.
*Antoni B:
**Pauci-cellular.
**Loose microcystic tissue.
*Verocay bodies - paucinuclear area surrounded by clusters of nuclei - '''diagnostic feature'''.
*Hyaline thickened [[blood vessel]]s.
*Thick capsule.
*In the GI tract: classically have a ''peripheral lymphoid cuff''.<ref name=pmid15728600>{{cite journal |author=Levy AD, Quiles AM, Miettinen M, Sobin LH |title=Gastrointestinal schwannomas: CT features with clinicopathologic correlation |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=184 |issue=3 |pages=797–802 |year=2005 |month...
*+/-Hemosiderin deposition within tumour.
*Reticulin stain +ve (around individual cells).
Notes:
*Tumour does ''not'' smear well.<ref>MUN. 24 November 2010.</ref>
*Antoni A: may look somewhat like scattered matchsticks.
*Hybrid Schwannoma / [[Neurofibroma]] are overrepresented in hereditary conditions.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Harder | first1 = A. | last2 = Wesemann | first2 = M. | last3 = Hagel | first3 = C. | last4 = Schittenhelm | first4 = J. | last5 = Fischer | first5 = S. | last6 = Tatagiba | first6 = M. | last7 = Nagel | fi...
DDx:
*[[Meningioma]].
*[[Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma]] - if surrounded by a rim of lymphoid tissue, i.e. [[Lymph node pathology|intranodal]].
*[[Leiomyoma]].
*[[Gastrointestinal stromal tumour]].
*[[MPNST]] - schwannoma with ancient change has no significant mitotic activity.<ref name=pmid17244372>{{Cite journal | last1 = Chan | first1 = PT. | last2 = Tripathi | first2 = S. | last3 = Low | first3 = SE. | last4 = Robinson | first4 = LQ. | title = Case report--ancient schwannoma of the scrotum. | journal = BMC U...
*[[Neurofibroma]].
*[[Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma]] - head and neck.
===Images===
<gallery>
Image:Schwannoma_-_Antoni_A_and_B_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Schwannoma - Antoni A & B - intermed. mag. (WC)
Image:Schwannoma_-_Antoni_A_and_B_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Schwannoma - Antoni A & B - very high mag. (WC)
File:Antoni a fibers schwannoma.jpg | Antoni-A pattern in cerebelloponine angle schwannoma. (WC/jensflorian)
File:Schwannoma 0023.jpg | Antoni-A pattern in cerebelloponine angle schwannoma.(WC/jensflorian)
Image:Nerve_root_schwannoma_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Nerve root schwannoma - intermed. mag. (WC)
File:Schwannoma, S-100 Immunostain (5203888371).jpg | S-100 immunostain in schwannoma. (WC/Ed Uthman)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://www.pathguy.com/~lulo/lulo0003.htm Antoni A (pathguy.com)].
*[http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/28/9/1633/F8 Antoni A & Antoni B side-by-side (ajnr.org)].
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case639.html Cystic schwannoma - several images (upmc.edu)].
===Schwannoma subtypes===
There are four:<ref name=pmid12792904>{{cite journal |author=Kurtkaya-Yapicier O, Scheithauer B, Woodruff JM |title=The pathobiologic spectrum of Schwannomas |journal=Histol. Histopathol. |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=925–34 |year=2003 |month=July |pmid=12792904 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
#Conventional schwannoma.
#Cellular schwannoma.
#Plexiform schwannoma.
#Melanotic schwannoma.
====Conventional schwannoma====
*Most common.
====Cellular schwannoma====
*May mimic [[MPNST]].
*Usu. <4 mitoses in 10 HPF (see [[HPFitis]]).
*Absence of Verocay bodies.
*Usu paravertebral location.
Images:
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case518.html Cellular schwannoma (upmc.edu)].
====Plexiform schwannoma====
*May mimic [[MPNST]] if cellular - esp. in childhood.
Images:
<gallery>
Image:Plexiform_Schwannoma_2.jpg | Plexiform schwannoma - low mag. (WC)
Image:Plexiform_Schwannoma_1.jpg | Plexiform schwannoma - high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
====Melanotic schwannoma====
*May be confused with [[melanoma]].
*Psammomatous form (''psammomatous melanotic schwannoma'') associated with a heritable disorder ([[Carney complex]]).
Note:
*[[Carney complex]]:<ref name=pmid12792904/>
**Cutaneous lentigines.
**Myxomas (skin (subcutaneous), subcutanous, [[Atrial myxoma|heart]]).
**Endocrine neoplasms.
Images:
*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case387.html Psammomatous melanotic schwannoma - several images (upmc.edu)].
<gallery>
Image:Psammomatous_melanotic_schwannoma_-_high_mag.jpg | Psammomatous melanotic schwannoma - high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
==IHC==
Features:<ref name=pmid12692193>{{cite journal |author=Hirose T, Tani T, Shimada T, Ishizawa K, Shimada S, Sano T |title=Immunohistochemical demonstration of EMA/Glut1-positive perineurial cells and CD34-positive fibroblastic cells in peripheral nerve sheath tumors |journal=Mod. Pathol. |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=293–8...
*S-100 +ve.
*Glut1 +ve.
*CD34 +ve.
*Cytokeratins ~70% +ve.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fanburg-Smith | first1 = JC. | last2 = Majidi | first2 = M. | last3 = Miettinen | first3 = M. | title = Keratin expression in schwannoma; a study of 115 retroperitoneal and 22 peripheral schwannomas. | journal = Mod Pathol | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 115-21 ...
*SOX10 +ve.<ref name=pmid18636017>{{cite journal |author=Nonaka D, Chiriboga L, Rubin BP |title=Sox10: a pan-schwannian and melanocytic marker |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=32 |issue=9 |pages=1291–8 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=18636017 |doi=10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181658c14 |url=}}</ref>
**-ve in [[synovial sarcoma]], [[rhabdomyosarcoma]], [[chondrosarcoma]].
*EMA -ve. (???)
**Usually +ve (~75% of the time) in meningiomas.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Rushing | first1 = EJ. | last2 = Bouffard | first2 = JP. | last3 = McCall | first3 = S. | last4 = Olsen | first4 = C. | last5 = Mena | first5 = H. | last6 = Sandberg | first6 = GD. | last7 = Thompson | first7 = LD. | title = Primary extracra...
</ref>
Others: